Skip to main content

Full text of "Insecta britannica"

See other formats 


flili 


lliiillllilir- 


'iiliiilili 


•-  ti  '^' 


INSECTA     BRITaSnIC^/ 


LEPIDOPTERA: 


T  I  N  E  I  N  A. 


H.  T.  STAINTON. 


cmx 


LONDON : 
LOVELL  liEEVK.  IIENlMErrA  SIMIEET,  COVENT  GARDEN. 


1854. 


JOHN  r,ii\V;vnn  tvyt.oh,  rKiNrrn, 
MTTi.i!  i^iukn  strket,  mncoi-n's  inn  riri.DS 


.0..-^ 

^'^ 


p  ^^^' 


PREFACE. 


Tjie  object  of  this  volume  is  to  furnish  descriptions  of  all  the 
species  of  Tineina  (a  group  of  Leptuopteka)  at  i)resent  known 
to  inhabit  Great  Britain^,  and  at  the  same  time  to  give  as  much 
information  concerning  their  habits  and  transformations  as  tlu; 
limited  space  would  allow.  Each  species  is  car(>fully  described 
from  actual  specimens,  and  each  genus  is  founded  on  the  micro- 
scopical investigation  of  all  (or  nearly  all)  the  species  comprised 
in  it.  In  some  few  instances,  to  avoid  a  premature  multiplication 
of  genera,  species  are  placed  in  a  genus  though  not  quite  agreeing 
witli  its  essential  characters;  in  such  cases  care  has  been  taken 
to  point  out  wherein  these  ditl'crences  consist,  so  that,  should  the 
further  progress  of  the  science  rerpiire  the  creation  of  new  genera, 
tliis  will  be  facilitated  by  the  details  here  given.  The  habits 
noticed  are  in  most  instanc(;s  the  result  of  perso7ial  research,  al- 
though advantage  has  been  taken  of  the  observations  of  others 
where  there  was  no  doubt  to  what  species  tliey  were  intended  to 
apply.  The  transformations  of  the  species,  from  their  great  va- 
riety, offer  an  endless  field  of  amusement ;  and  my  object  being 
to  give  full  but  concise  details,  general  observations  thereon  are 
placed  at  the  commencement  of  each  genus.  In  every  case  where 
no  observations  occur  concerning  the  larva  of  a  species,  it  must 
be  underslood  that  we  are  still  unacquainted  with  it.      As  a  rule, 


PllErACE. 


MO  descriptions  of  larva3  are  introduced,  as  the  space  would  not 
permit  it.  With  reference  to  the  synonymy,  the  works  of  tlie 
jn'incipal  writers  were  carefully  gone  over,  and  the  descriptions 
identified  with  known  species,  or  set  aside  as  undistinguishable. 
The  synonymy  of  the  species  described  in  this  volume  is  giveu 
more  fully  in  the  Catalogue  of  British  Micro-Lepidoptera  {Tineina), 
which  I  have  been  conducti]ig  through  the  press,  for  the  Trustees 
of  the  British  IMuseum,  simultaneously  with  this  volume ;  but 
neither  did  that  Catalogue,  any  more  than  the  present  volume, 
admit  of  the  introduction  of  critical  disquisitions  on  the  synonymy 
of  the  species. 

To  have  gone  minutely  and  critically  into  the  synonymy,  to 
have  described  the  larva  of  each  species  and  its  entire  habits  in 
detail,  would  have  completely  altered  the  design  of  this  work;  but 
1  purpose  at  no  distant  date,  in  conjunction  with  others,  to  edit 
a  more  detailed  and  voluminous  work,  'The  Natural  History  of 
the  Tinehui.' 

To  avoid  misconception,  it  is  however  necessary  to  remark  that 
the  present  vohmie  does  not — cannot  contain  descriptions  of  all 
tlie  British  Tnwlna  ;  the  number  of  these  is  increasing  upon  us 
(hvily ;  all  that  has  therefore  been  accomplished  has  been  to  de- 
sci'ibc  all  the  k/iown  and  (listhi[jni.sj/ed  species  :  the  latter  expres- 
sion is  used  advisedly,  for  it  frequently  happens  that  a  so-called 
new  species  is  not  really  new,  having  lain  dormant  in  our  collec- 
tions for  years,  but  mixed  with  some  other  species,  from  which 
M'e  liave  only  at  lengih  learnt  to  distinguish  it.  Consequently, 
in  ad(Hlioii  to  Ihe  new  species  that  will  be  met  with  in  the  course 
of  a,  few  years,  it  may  be  also  i'ouiul  that  many  of  Ihe  species  of 
Ihis  volume  are  little  groups  of  species,  which  further  investiga- 
tions will  enable  us  to  se})arate;  and  as  the  transformations  of 
m;iiiy  species  not  now  known  to  us  will  be  discovered,  this  xolnme 
will  gradnally  fall  in  arrear  of  the  i)rogressive  science,  and  a  new 
edition  will  become  recjuisitc. 


PUEFACK.  V 

Of  Ihc  ten  plates,  whicli  liave  been  carefully  executed  by  Mr. 
Wing,  eight  illustrate  the  generic  characters,  one  the  various  forms 
of  the  larvre,  and  one  the  perfect  insects  of  several  of  the  most 
important  genera  (especially  representing  those  which  have  any 
peculiarity  in  their  posture  when  in  repose). 

It  will  be  found  by  those  who  shnl'i  this  volume,  that,  even 
with  the  help  of  the  descriptions  and  the  plates,  it  will  be  a  matter 
of  considerable  difhculty  to  name  with  certainty  many  species ; 
those  who  do  not  associate  with  other  entomologists  are  not  aware 
to  how  great  an  extent,  the  comparison  of  specimens  with  named 
collections  is  carried.  To  all  who  meet  with  any  difficulties  of 
this  nature  I  offer  my  ser\ices ;  and  if  they  apply  to  me  by  letter 
or  personally,  their  wants  shall  be  immediately  attended  to.  In 
order  to  be  readily  accessible  without  any  previous  appointment, 
I  have  followed  the  example  of  the  late  Mr.  Stephens,  and  "my 
collections  are  thrown  open  for  inspection,  etc.,  every  AVednesday 
evening,  to  any  gentleman,  upon  the  presentation  of  his  card." 

In  concluding  the  labour  of  my  leisure  hours  of  three  succes- 
sive winters,  I  have  to  express  my  sincere  thaidcs  to  all  those  who 
have  assisted  me,  either  by  tlie  loan  of  specimens  (frequently 
uni(|ue),  by  the  communication  of  original  obscrvalions,  or  in  the 
more  laborious  operations  of  denuding  wings,  preHminarily  inves- 
tigating genera,  or  reviewing  the  descriptions  of  species  :  assistance 
on  all  these  points  has  been  so  freely  given,  tliat  I  hav(>  felt  my 
position  more  that  of  an  Mditor,  taking  advantage  of  the  labours 
of  others,  than  that  of  an  Author;  yet,  at  the  same  time,  for  all 
the  errors  and  imperfections  of  this  book  I  am  solely  responsible. 

II.  T.  Staixion. 

M<nr,i(sjleld,  LeinslimiK  'lidi/  \i>l,  1854. 


KXPLANATIOX  OF  THE  CONTR ACTIONS  IN  'ITIhl 
REFERExXCES. 


Hjcrk.  X.  A.  II.  —  lijerkaiuk'r,  Nova 
Acta  Holmiic. 

I?ouc1r',  Natur.  —  Boiiclu',  Naturge- 
schichte  dei'  Insekteii. 

CI.  I. — Clcrck,  Icones  lusoctoruin  i-i- 
rioruiu. 

Cult.  B.  E. —  Curtis,  Jk-itish  Kutoiiio- 
logy. 

Dou.  B.  I. — Donovan,  .Xalural  His- 
tory of  British  Insects. 

Dougl.  Ent.  Trans.;  ZooL— Douglas, 
Transactions  of  the  Entomological 
Society  of  London  ;   Zoologist. 

Dup.  Cat. — Duiionchel,  Catalogue  dcs 
Lopidopteres  de  I'raucu. 

Dup.  L.  F.  xi. ;  Sup.  iv. — Duponchcl, 
Lcpidopteres  de  France,  vol.xi. :  and 
Supplement,  vol.  iv. 

Edl.— Edleston. 

Rvcrs. — Eversmann,  Fauna  TiCpidojitc- 
I'ologica  Volgo-Uralcusis. 

I"ab.  S.  E.;  G.  1.;  S.  1.,  Man.;  K.  S. 
E.  S.  Sup. — Fabricius,  Systema  Eu- 
toniologiic ;  Genera  Inscctorum  ; 
Species  Inscctorum;  ^lantis.sa  In- 
scctorum ;  Entomologia  Systematica ; 
Entomologiie  Systematica-  Supplc- 
mcntum. 

F.  V.  R. — Fischer  von  Koslcrstamni. 

Four. — Fourcroy,  Entomologia  Parisi- 

CQsis. 
Frey,  N.    13. — Freycr,   Xeue    Beitnlge 

zur  Schmctterlingskunde. 
Godart.  —  Godart,     Lcpidopteres     de 

France,  vol.  v. 
Goeze,   K.  B. — Goczc,  Entomologi.sclic 

Bcitriigc,  vol.  iii.  part  4. 


Guenee.  —  Gueni'c,  Index  .Mclliodicns 
^Iicro-Lepidoj>t(  rorum  Enro|)icorum. 

Haw.  L.  B.  —  Haworth,  Lcpidoplera 
Britannica. 

II.-S.-Herrich-ScluiUcr,  Systcmatisclie 
Bearbeitung  der  Schmetterlinge  von 
Europa. 

Hiib.  Tin.;  V. —  llidjucr,  Sammlung 
Europaischer  Schmetterlinge  ;  Vcr- 
zeichniss  bekanntcr  Schmetterlinge. 

Hummel,  Ess.  Ent. — Hummel,  Essais 
Eutomologiques. 

Hump,  et  West.  B.  M. — Humphreys 
and  Westwood,  British  Moths,  vol.  ii. 

Kollar,  Verz.  der  nied.  ost.  Sclun. — 
KoUar,  \'crzeichuiss  der  nicderiister- 
reichisehcn  Schmetterlinge. 

Lat.  G.C.  ct  1.;  H.  N.;  K.  A.— La- 
treillc.  Genera  Crustaceoruni  ct  In- 
scctorum; llistoire  Natui'clle  do 
Crustaccs  el  des  Inseclcs;  Ic  Hcgnc 
.\ninial. 

Lewis,  Ent.  Mag.-  Lewis,  Kntonn)lo- 
gical  Magazine. 

Lin.  F.  S. ;  S.  N. — Linnicus,  Fauna 
Succica  ;  Systema  Natune. 

N.  A.  H.— Nova  Acta  Holnii:e. 

Och.  —  Ochsenbeimer,  die  Schnutter- 
linge  von  Europa. 

I'anz.  I.  G. — I'anzer,  Fauna  Inscctoniin 
Germaniic. 

Ratz.  F.  1. — Ratzcburg,  Forst  Insectcn. 

Retz.  G.  et  S.  —  Retzius,  Genera  ct 
Species  Insectorum. 

Roemer,  G.  I. — Roemer,  Genera  Insec- 
torum Linn;ei  ct  Fabricii. 

Rossi. — Rossi,  Fauna  Etrusca. 

Schr.  F.  B. — Schrank,  Fauna  Boica. 


Vlll 


CONTRACTIONS. 


Scriba,  Beit. — Scriba,  Beilragc  zu  der 
Insekteu  Gescliichte. 


Scop.    E.    C. 
Cai'niolica. 


Scopoli,   Eutomologia 


Sta.  Cat. ;  Sup.  Cat. ;  Eut.  Trans. ; 
Zool. — Staiuton,  Catalogue  of  Bri- 
tisli  Tineidfe  and  Pteropborida; ; 
Supplementary  Catalogue  of  British 
TiueidsB  and  Pterophoridse ;  Trans- 
actions of  the  Entomological  Society 
of  London ;   Zoologist. 

Step.  II. ;  Entom. — Stephens'  Illustra- 
tions of  British  Entomology,  Haus- 
tella,  vol.  iv. ;  Entomologist, 

Tengst.  F.  F.-F.  — Tengstrom,  Bidrag 
till  Finlands  Fjaril-Fauna. 


Thun.  I.  S. ;  M.  N.  A.  U.— Thuuberg, 
lusecta  Suecica ;  INIuseum  Natura- 
lium  Academifc  Upsaliensis. 

Treit.  E.  S. — Treitschkc,  die  Schmet- 
terlinge  von  Europa. 

Vill.  E.  L.  —  Villers,  Eutomologia 
FauuEC  Suecica3  descriptionibus  aucta, 
Caroli  Linntei. 

W,  V.  —  Systematisches  Verzeichuiss 
der  Schmctterlinge  derWienergegend. 

Zell.  Isis;  L.  E. ;  Ent.  Ztg.— Zeller, 
Isis  von  Okcn ;  Liuufca  Entomolo- 
gica ;  Entomologisehe  Zeitung. 

Zctt.  I.  L. — Zetterstcdt,  lusecta  Lap- 
ponica. 

Z.  g.  S. — Zinckeu,  genannt  Sommcr. 


INSECTA   BRITANNICA. 


LEPIDOPTERA. 


Al(P  ijnatitor,  ■'trjf/ai/u's  iinbricafa;. 
Os  JiaHstellnni,  viaxiUis  colicercnllbm  couiposiluui. 
Larva  pcdlhm  ad  sammnrd  IG  instrv.cla. 
MetamorpUom  perfcda . 

SpiODjjiiia. 

Lepuhplera,  Liiman,  1753,  Do  Ciccr,  aliorumque  auctornm. 
Glossata,  Fabricii,  1775. 


TFinrj-tfoHr,  clothed  with  scales'^,  which  are  inserted  ou  botli  sides  of 
the  nieinhraiic  ;  month  a  tubular  ton(jae\  co)iipo>ied  of  the  nniled  maxittcv 
protected  on  each  side  by  the  ])al|)i  J.  The  tarca  famished  at  the  most 
with  sixteen  leys,  rarely  with  less  thou  ten.  Metamorphosis  comptete, 
i.  e.  the  larva  changes  to  a  (juieseeut  masked  pupa,  which  diJl'ers  both 
from  the  larva  and  from  tlie  imago. 


iVono  of  tile  iusccts  of  tliis  order  are  lial)l(!  (o  be  mislakeii  for 
any  otlier,  but  several  of  the  Trichoplcrd  apjiroxiniaie  so  closely 
to  the  Lepidojjtera,  that  it  is  witli  tlu;  greatest  (litllculty  tliey  can 

*  Some  species  of  llie  P.ii/r/iidee  have  all  (Ik;  \viui;s  rlotlicil  with  huirs,  ami  in 
some  species  of  Incarcaria,  Lawpriniia,  Microplrri/.r,  and  JS^cjil'ii'tihi  Ihe  j)oslerior 
wings  are  furnished  with  hairs  instead  of  scales.  The  females  ui  ILii'rojijmg,  P^si/ctn', 
and  Talaporia,  etc.,  are  entirely  destitnte  of  wings.  '^ 

t   In  some  of  the  rxyclddcv,  and  in  Aglosm,  the  longnc  is  ahscnt. 

\  'The  palpi  arc  sometimes  wanting,  c.y.  Bucadatrix  and  some  of  the  r.v/chid<c. 
VOL.  III.  B 


LRPIDOPTEKA. 


be  distiiiguislied ;  and  Arcntropvs  has  been  placed  in  tliis  order 
by  AVestwood  (Tntrod.  to  Mod.  Classif.  of  Insects,  vol.  ii.  p.  412), 
and  by  Kolenati  (Genera  et  Species  Trichopterornra,  ]).  G),  who 
had  himself  taken  forty  specimens  of  the  insect :  it  is  possible  that 
future  investigation,  and  the  discovery  of  the  primary  states  of 
this  insect^  may  show  that  their  views  of  its  aiUnities  are  w'ell 
founded.  The  Horaopterous  Alei/roiles  prulctclla  was  described 
by  Liuna3us  as  a  Tinea,  but  the  resemblance  of  the  perfect  insect 
is  very  superficial.  The  resemblance  of  the  Dipterous  genus 
PsijcJwda  would  ap])ear  to  )nislead  some  entomologists,  Professor 
Zeller  having  had  specimens  sent  him  to  name  as  species  of  the 
Psf/clikhe. 


The  two  main  divisions  of  the  Lepidojjtera  are  : — 
I.  With  the  apex  of  1  lie  auteinia^  thickened  .    .    Ruopalockka. 
I  [.   With  the  apex  of  the  antenna!  not  thickened   Heterocera. 


I.   rvHOPALOr;EKA,  Dnuuril,  BoisJnvaL 
DliiriKi,  Latrcillc. 

Jvleinirr  apiro  /iicrassalo,  avUci'lis  mediJs  ehvgatis. 
Alee  ill  (/iiii'te  crcdcr,  posterlorcv  nine,  retinaculo. 
ProlJiorax  sine  coUari. 

AnkmuE  with,  tlte  apex  ineramiled  {p.  few  exceptions  occnr  anionp;  the 
Morpliidai) ;  the  middle  joints  etoi/ffatcd.  llliigs  in  rejiose  erect  {Iles- 
periamalvaruiii  i\\u\  Taejes  sleep  with  the  wings  decumhcnt)  ;  tlie  pos- 
terior without  (I  bristle.  I'rothornx  vnthont  a  collar  (in  the  llesperuUi' 
there  is  a  slight  development  of  a  collar). 


II.  HETEROCERA,  Bolsduval. 

AntemifP.  selacecv  velfusifo7iiies,  apicc  aiteimato. 

Ala'  in  quiet  e  plaiirr,  poster  lores  cum  retinaculo  vet  sine  co. 

i'rothorax  collari  tcctus. 

Antenn/e.  setaceous,  or  fusiform  with  the  apex  attenuated  (Castuia  forms 
an  exception,  and  was  therefore  jilaeed  by  early  writers  among  the 
(linnial  Lepiiloptera  ;  the  development  of  the  collar,  and  the  bristle  of 
the  posterior  wing,  show  that  it  belongs  to  the  Heterocera) ;  winrjs  in 


Ll.riDOl'TEKA.  3 

rcpoHC.  JIal  {j\.  few  (IfOinelridrf,  v.  \r.  Piiiioria,  I Ihoitrariit,  Zr/jrfirin,  v\i\, 
slcp]-)  with  the  wing's  erect);  posterior  /r///ffs  (jcneniUi/  J'tirnialicd.  with  a 
brislk',  if  it  be  waiitiiiiij  the  form  of  the  costa*  is  sufficient  to  distiu- 
yuisli  tlic  insect  from  Rhoprihceru ;  the  proUiorux  covered  hij  (t  collar. 

Of  the  Ileferocera  there  are  nine  grou[)s,  which  are  thus  cH- 
vided : — 

A.  Antennre  fusiibrm 1.   Si>iii.\(iina. 

A  A.  AnteuhtC  sc;taceous. 
li.  Wings  uncHvidcd. 

c.  Wings  with  short  ciUa. 

D.  Wings  ample,  tlie  posterior  gaily  co- 
loured, or  more  so  than  the  anterior 
wings. 

E.  Bodv  thick,  rather  short,  and  ]iostc- 
riorly  obtuse  ;  posterior  legs  haidly 
longer  than  the  middle  pair        .      .      i.   Jjo.mijvcina. 
E  E.  Body  slender  ;  postcu'ior  legs  con- 
siderably  longer    than    the    michUe 

pair 4.  Gi:o.Mr/rRiiNA.    . 

11  1).  AVings  moderate;  the  posterior  of 
dingy  colours.  ]')ody  moderate,  pos- 
teriorly attenuated 3.  Noctuixa. 

I)  D  D.   Wings    rather   long,    triangular. 

Body  slender,  elongate 5.   I'vualidina. 

D  D  D  1).  Wings  broad,  the  anterior  sub- 
truncate;  the  costa  at  the  base  sud- 
denly convex G.  Tortricina. 

(;  c.   Wings  with    long  or  very  long  cilia. 

Wings  elongate  ;  body  slender       ...      7.   Tineixa. 
15  v..  ^Viugs  divided. 

r.  Anterior  wings  bitid  ;  posterior  trifid  8.    rri'.KOPiioKiNA. 

F  E.  Kaeh  wing  divided  into  six  .     ,     .      .     !).   Aj.U(  itina. 

The  lirst  four  of  these  groups,  with  the  llhuhdloccrd,  are  I're- 
([uciitly  called  JSIacro-Li'jAdoptera ;  the  remaining'  live  being" 
termed  BUcru-Lcjjidopfera:  there  is  a  certain  convenience;  in 
these  terms,  as  they  wfll  apply  to  the  average  size  of  the  insects 
in  tlie  respective  groups,  for  of  course  there  are  many  exceptions 
of  small  sj)ccies  among  tlie  Macro-Lepldopiera,  and  large  species 
among  the  Micro- hrpldopf era. 


*  III  flic  RJiopalorrra  the  bristle  ai)])cnrs  ahsoiit,  bpcauso  proloiifretl  into  ati  ciiliri' 
iid'vure,  which  is  in  the  uicmhrauc ;  in  {\m  Ucli'mcrm  this  uicuihranc  is  vvanlinir, 
wherefore  the  costal  cell  is  narrow  ami  the  nerviire  abbreviated  to  a  bristle. 


4  LEHDOPTEi'.A. 

1.  SPHINGINA, -5to/«^o??. 
Crepuscularia,  Stepliens. 

J )ileiin(T  fiisifomies,  i.  e.  in  medio  crassiores,  uirimiue  attenuatie,  sidipris- 

inatico'f. 

The  aittonifC  Jusifonu,  i.  e.  ihiclcer  in  the  middle,  altenualed  at  each 
end,  stdjprl-iinatic. 

3.   BOMBYCINA,  titainton. 

Poineridiana,  jN'octurna  pavtiui  (Tjilliosiidpc),  et  Semidiurna  partim 
(I'latyptericidix'),  Stephens. 

Antenna  setacerc,  plerniiique  pecthiatie,   vix  thorace  lon(jiores.     Ocelli 

nulli. 
Corpus  crassnni,  hreviuscnhnn,  postiee  ohtasmu. 
Pedes  postici  mediis  vix  lonfjiores. 

Alee  amplce,  anteriores  sine  pictura  t^pica,  posteriorcs  Icde  coloratce. 
Larva  non  mimis  14  pedibus  instruct  a. 

Antenna  setaceous,  viostly  pectinated  {Lithosia  and  Plati/pderyx  have 
simple  sctiform  auteniirc),  hardly  longer  than  the  thorax.  Ocelli  none, 
excepting  in  the  Chelonida.  Body  tliick,  rattier  short,  and  posteriorly 
obtuse.  Posterior  leys  hardly  lonyer  than  the  middle  pair.  Wings  broad, 
the  anterior  without  any  typical  markings  {e.g.  the  markings  ol"  the  Sa- 
tnrnidcB  are  quite  different  from  those  of  the  Chelonidfc,  Liparidcc,  etc. ; 
thus  not  as  in  the  Noctuina).  Posterior  wings  bright-coloured,  frequently 
more  vivid  than  the  anterior  wings  (thus  not  so  nuich  contrasted  as  in 
the  Noctuina)  ;  the  larvce  with  not  fewer  than  fourteen  feet. 

3.  NOCTUINA,  Stainton. 

Noctua:^  Boisduval. 
Noctuida),  Herrich-SchaJ/'er. 
Nocturna  (excl.  Lithosiida^),  Stephens. 

Antenna  selacea,  raro  pectinata',  thorace  longiores.      Ocelli  plerisiine. 

Corpus  mediocre,  postice  attenuatum . 

Pedes  postici  mediis  longiores. 

Ala  mediocres,  anteriores  longiuscula,  sig)iis  conslanlibus picta,  posteriores 

latiitscnla  obsolete  colorata. 
Larva  non  mi/i/is  12  jiedibus  instructa. 

Antenna  setaceous,  rarely  pectinated,  most  frccpicntly  ciliated,  longer 
than  the  thorax  (except  in  Cocytia).  Ocelli  in  most.  Body  moderate, 
posteriorly  ntlennnted ;  posterior  legs  longer  than  the  middle  pair.  11  ings 
Moderate;    anterior  rather  long,  adorned  with   characteristic  mar  lyings 


LEPIDOi'TKHA.  5 

(the  three  spots  on  the  micldlc  of  tlic  wiiii;',  and  tlic  three  transverse 
lines,  vary  only  in  intensity  or  sliarpness  of  design) ;  posterior  whiijs 
rather  hroad,  of  dinc/i/  colours  {Cutocala  and  a  few  others  dilfer,  forming 
a  section  more  allied  to  the  Geonietrina). 

Though  few  woukl  mistake  a  jS'octaa  for  a  Bom/jj/x,  it  is  not 
easy  to  detiiie  in  words  distinctive  characters  which  shall  be  con- 
stant. 

4.  GE0.M1:TRINA,  Stainton. 

Gcoinctr<c,  Bolnduvat. 

Geouietrida\  SU-phem ;  llcrrick-S'c/ea/Jer. 

AideuHce  selacecc  (siC])e  cilial;e  ;iut  peetinattu),  thorace  loiKjlores.      Ocetll 

nidli. 
Corpus  (jracile. 

Fedes  postici  mediis  sensbii  loiujlores. 
AlcB  ampl(e,  tenerce,  posleriores  Icete  eoloratcc. 
Larva  pedib us  10  Instrueta. 

Aatenncc  setaceous,  frequently  cilial(>d  or  ]oectinatci!,  tonger  than  the 
thorax.  Ocelli  none.  Bodi/  slender  {Boannia  and  liiston.  have  tlie  body 
thick,  and  thereby  resemble  the  Bomlji/eina,  from  which  they  are  however 
distinguished  by  the  larvre).  Jl'ings  broad,  of  slight  si  met  are,  the  pos- 
terior (jaihj  coloured  (those  species  wliich  liavc  tlu^  posterior  wings 
covered  in  repose  have  only  the  rudiments  of  markings  on  the  project- 
ing inner  margin).  Larva  icilh  ten  feet  (in  some  there  are  one  or  two 
])air  more  of  ill-developed  ventral  feet ;  otherwise  the  larva  gives  the 
most  certain  character  of  this  group). 


.5.  PYRALTDIXA,  Staiutun. 

Crand)ides,  Ilerrich-Sehajfer. 
I'yraliiles  et  Cran)l)i(!es,  (ha'ite'e. 
Pyralida;  ct  Crandndie,  Stephens. 

Antennce  setacece,  rarius  pectinatcc,  thorace  plus  daplo  longiores.  Ocelli 
plerisque. 

Corpus  (jracile,  elongatuni. 

Fedes  elowjati,  posleriores  reliquis  lougiores. 

Alee  loiigius  triangulares,  rarius  sul/parallelo',  mediocriter  ciliat<r,  posle- 
riores picta-,  tribus  rarius  dn.abus  venis  suljdorsalibus  liOeris. 

Antenna:  setaceous,  but  rarelg  pectinated  (Ilerniinia),  hiore  than  twice 
the  length  of  the  thorax.  Ocelli  in  most  (the  ocelli  are  wanting  in  Cata- 
chjsta  lernnalis,  the.  Gullerire,  Anerastia,  vXc).  Jlodg  slender,  elongated. 
Legs  long,  the  posterior  longer  than  the  others.  II  ings  rather  long,  tri- 
angular,  rarelg   subparallel  {e.g.    the    Uallerice,    I'hgcidecE,   and  many 


()  LEPIUOPTIOKA. 

Cramhi),  with  inoileratdy  lontj  ciUn  (tlie  Crmubida  have  the  cilia  a  little 
longer  than  the  other  families,  yet  not  as  long  as  in  the  Tincinu) ;  jws- 
ter'ior  wings  adorned  with  markings  (excepting  the  Crumhidcp),  with  three, 
rareli/  with  two  free  subdorsal  nervares  (the  CramhidcE  have  three,  in 
complete  accordance  with  the  Botydes ;  Chilo  agrees  in  everything  so 
closely  with  Fyralis  angtisfalis  that  not  even  the  length  of  the  cilia 
serves  as  a  distinctive  character,  only  is  the  colonring  of  the  posterior 
wings  less  developed). 

The  removal  of  the  Cramhlda  into  this  group  had  long  been 
rendered  probable,  from  the  extreme  difficulty  of  otherwise  finding 
a  suitable  position  for  Eiulorea,  which  hideed  has  alternately  been 
placed  in  each  family;  its  triangular  position  in  repose  and  un- 
convoluted  wdngs  separating  it  from  the  Cramhi,  whereas  its  gene- 
ral appearance  caused  it  ill  to  accord  with  the  P^ralidce.  There 
is  no  denying  that  some  of  the  'Pyralldm  have  great  affinities 
with  the  Koctmna,  indeed  llermiiiia  is  placed  by  Herrich-Schiifler 
among  the  latter ;  but  this  only  corroborates  what  has  so  frequently 
been  ascertained,  that  no  linear  arrangement  of  species  can  be  in 
exact  accordance  with  a  natural  system  :  if  the  PijraUdes  be  placed 
in  juxtaposition  with  the  Noctidna,  the  Boinh^coidnl-Geumctr'taa 
might  be  with  equal  justice  placed  next  to  the  Bonibijciim. 


(5.  TORTRICINA,  Btainton. 

Torti'icidpe,  Stephens ;  Ilerrich-Sehdffer. 
l'latyomidct%  Dnponehel. 

Antennre  setace(e,  Ihurace  mid  to  tongiores,  rarissiine  ciliata.'.  Ocelli  om- 
it i  bus  ? 

Corpus  mediocre,  postice  suhoblusam. 

Alec  tatce,  viedlocriter  cUintcc,  anteriores  siibtrinicatce,  costa  e  basi  subito 
convexa,  posterior es  latinscidcc,  traj>e:oidales,  sine  pictura. 

Larva  \i\  pedibiis  instructa. 

Chrysalis  abdominis  scgmentis  spinidoso-coronatis. 

ylntenna  setaceous,  much  longer  than  the  thorax,  very  rarely  ciliated 
(Amphisa  J).  Ocelli  always?  present.  Body  moderate,  jiosteriorly 
rather  blunt.  Ifiiigs  broad,  with  moderately  long  cilia  (hardly  longer 
than  in  the  Crambidee) ;  the  anterior  subtriDicate ;  the  costa  at  the  base 
abrnptly  convex ;  the  posterior  rather  broad,  trapezoidal,  withoitt  markings 
(the  Chorentida:  appear  to  be  more  properly  placed  among  the  Fyrali- 
dina,  where  they  ar(i  tlie  analognes  of  the  yKehinicc).  Larva  with  six- 
teen feet ;  pupa  with  spiny  coronets  on  the  segments  of  the  abdomen  (ex- 
ccpti(jns,  (laercana,  Chlorana). 

The  palpi  of  the  'ii>rtricina  are  also  extremely  characteristic  of 


Li:PlD(tl'TKIlA. 


llu'  u:i'oiij),  bill  not  hciiii;-  us(hI  to  clistiiigtiisli  the  othin'  groups, 
are  not  included  in  the  essential  cliaraeters;  they  are  rather  short, 
triangular,  compressed^  with  thin,  short;,  not  recurved  terminal 
joiut. 

7.  TLXKINA,  Staintou. 

Tinoacea,  Zdler. 

Tinci(la>,  DiipoiicJiel,  ITerricIt-SchaJfcr. 

TiueidcC  partim  el  Yponomeutida\  StcpJwnx. 

AideniKP  setacece,  retro  pectinata  vel  cUiatcP,  corpore  loiufiores.     Ocelli 

achioit  rarhis. 
Corpus  (jracile. 
Aim  elonijatce,  loiuje  vol  longissime  ciliala,  praserlim  poster iorea,  Inv  raro 

elongalo-trapezoidales,  plerumque  sensini  allenuala,  sine  piclara. 
LnriTi  IG  aul  \\  pedibiis  iii-slrncla. 

yliderma;  seluceous,  rareljj  pcclinak'd  or  ciliated,  lovijcr  than  the  hodij. 
Ocelli  rarehj  present.  Bodij  slender.  Wings  elongate.,  with  long  or  very 
long  cilia  (this  is  probably  the  most  distinctive  character  of  the  Tiiieina ; 
indeed  there  appears  to  be  a  gradual  progression  from  the  Diurnal 
Lepidoptera,  where  the  cilia  arc  shortest,  to  the  Vlerophorina  and  Ala- 
citina),  raore  especiallg  the  posterior  pair ;  these  are  rareig  of  an  elongate- 
trapezoidal  fonn,  (in  Dcpressaria,  Semioscopis,  and  Euplocainns,  the  pos- 
terior wings  arc  rather  l)road,  but  have  not  the  form  or  shortness  ol' 
tliosc  of  the  Tortricina ;  llgpercallia  has  regular  Tortriciform  postericn* 
wings,  but  the  antcnn.e  and  palpi  show  it  to  be  a  true  member  of  the 
Tineina),  mostlg  remarkablg  atlennated,  withont  markings.  The  larv(C 
generalhj  with  sixteen;  nuonj  v:ith  fourteen  feet ;  the  development  of  the 
feet  varies  irreatlv. 


8.  PTKnOl'lIOlllNA,  Stuinton. 

Pterophoridic,  Zvller ;  IIerrich-Sch({[l'er. 
Ptcrophoritcs,  Dnponchel. 
Alucitida'  pars,  Stephens. 

yintennce  setuceff. 

Corpus  gracile,  elonguluni,  pietuni. 

Pedes  etongali. 

Aire  longe  ciliatrc,  anteriores  hifdrr,  posleriores  trifidw. 

Antenna  setaceous.  Body  slender,  elongated,  icith  markings.  Legs 
elongated.  JFings  vulh  lung  cilia,  the  anterior  hiftd,  the  posterior  trijid. 
{Agdistes  has  the  wings  entire,  but  the  place  where  the  fissure  of  the 
anterior  wings  should  be  is  scantily  furnished  with  scales.) 


TIN  EISA. 


!l.   AH  ;C  IT  IN  A,  Z,'Ih;-. 

Onieoditcs,  Dnponckd. 
Onieodidrc,  Her  rich  -SchiiJJ'er. 
Alncitida'  pars,  SlepJieris. 

yjiiteniKT  sciaeccc. 

CorpiiH  fjracile,  Lrcvc,  pi d tun. 

Ake  lovge  cUlnlce,  sbigiihe  nvxjinrtU'P. 

Jiileinup  setaceous.      Bodij  sleiuhfr,  short,  v'ilh  v/arhu/gs.     J/'ii/r/s  ir/th 
loit//  cilia,  each  diviitcd  into  si. v. 


The  Tlneiua,  \\iiich  form  the  subject  of  this  volume^  are  an 
extreinel_y  interesting  group  in  man}'  respects.  It  has  been  the 
remar'k  of  every  writer,  that  the  smaller  the  species  the  more  splen- 
did the  colouring  and  the  moi'e  sharply-defined  the  markings; 
but  one  of  the  greatest  points  of  attraction  to  the  study  of  this 
grou])  is  afforded  bj  the  eiullcss  variety  in  the  habits  of  the  spe- 
cies. It  is  precisely  among  the  smallest  species  that  we.  find  the 
characters  of  the  families  most  strongly  defi)icd;  and  whereas 
among  the  larger  species  it  is  extremely  difficult  to  arrange  them 
in  families  with  good  distinctive  characters,  in  the  smaller  species 
no  such  tlilficulty  exists. 

The  most  generally  known  species  of  this  group  are  those  in- 
clnded  in  tlie  genus  Tinea,  which  are  commonly  termed  "  clothes- 
uioths;'^  these  however  give  but  a  very  faint  idea  of  the  whole 
group,  ^^•hich  arc  mostly  vegetable-feeders,  and,  with  some  few 
exceptions,  do  not  c;uise  us  any  great  amount  of  injury;  on  the 
other  hand,  from  their  small  size  and  secluded  mode  of  living, 
their  beauties  are  seldom  displayed  to  any  but  those  who  collect 
them. 

The  larva-  of  many  construct  jjortable  cases,  of  which  that  of 
Tinea  peUioncUa  is  but  a  too  familiar  instance,  being  found  abun- 
dantly in  houses,  on  furs  or  coats  that  have  been  })ut  away  and 
neglected.  Some  few  hu'va)  live  entirely  exposed,  but  more  fre- 
quently they  shelter  tlu-mselves  between  united  leaves,  or  by 
drawing  together  the  terminal  shoois  of  ])lanls,  tlius  betraying 
themselves  to  the  experienced  eye,  and  being  far  easier  found  than 
if  the  larva'  were  themselves  (exposed  to  view;  the  great  bulk  of 
the  smaller  families  mine  between  the  cuticles  of  leaves,  and  tin; 
conse(|uent  ease  with  which  they  may  be  detected  is  surprising. 


Tor  the  mined  jjlacc  becoming  discoloured  can  be  distinguished 
IVom  a  considerable  distance;  and  not  only  so,  but  tlic  mined 
])lact>  remains  a  sign-post  that  sucli  a  larva  had  been  feeding  there 
as  long  as  the  leaf  remains  on  the  plant ;  thus,  whereas  in  the 
lihojhdoccra  and  larger  groups  of  the  Hefcrocera,  it  would  be  im- 
possible, from  the  sight  of  a  half-eaten  leaf,  to  name  the  species 
or  even  the  genus  to  which  the  larva  that  had  eaten  it  belongiul, 
in  the  smaller  families  of  the  Ttueiiia  not  the  slightest  dilVieulty 
occurs. 

Some  of  the  perfect  insects  tly  during  the  hot  sunshine,  but  the 
greater  portion  fly  in  the  early  morning  or  in  the  evening  twilight. 
That  many  species  tly  during  the  night  I  have  palpable  demonstra- 
tion, from  the  numbers  that  have  occasionally  been  attracted  by 
my  light. 

The  summer  months,  j\lay  to  August,  are  those  in  which  <he 
Tineiiui  most  abound ;  in  September  aiu]  October  they  are  far 
more  plentiful  thau  is  usually  imagined,  only  that  after  the  middle 
of  August  they  keep  themselves  so  well  concealed,  and  so  rarely 
stir  a!)road,  that  they  are  scarcely  ever  seen,  but  by  collecting  the 
larvic  previously  the  perfect  insects  may  be  freely  bred  in  those 
months. 

In  the  winter  months  but  very  few  species  emerge  from  the  jiupa 
state,  though  many  of  those  hatched  in  the  autumu  hybernate, 
and  are  seen  commonly  in  the  spring  (as,  for  instance,  JJeprcssana 
applanci). 

The  great  bulk  of  the  species  pass  the  winter  in  the  larva  state, 
generally  without  feeding ;  some,  whose  tastes  are  adapted  for  the 
consumption  of  decaying  wood,  of  which  a  supply  is  at  all  seasons 
available,  continue  to  feed  throughout  the  winter,  and  some,  which 
feed  on  plants  whose  stems  or  leaves  remain  through  the  winter, 
also  abstain  from  fasting. 

Little  is  as  yet  known  of  the  geographical  distribution  of  this 
group,  but  few  species  having  been  collected  out  of  Europe ;  with 
regard  to  the  European  species  there  is  this  peculiarity,  that  the 
species  seem  far  more  generally  distributed  than  we  find  to  be  the 
case  in  the  largiir  groups  of  Lepidoptera,  and  if  it  be  true  that 
I'jUgland  was  separated  from  Eurojie  before  the  liJiopaloeera  were 
distributed  over  that  continent  (hence  accounting  for  the  extreme 
paucity  of  species  with  us),  the  Tlnelna  nmst  have  preceded  the 
Rhopalocera,  since  of  the  continental  species  by  far  the  greater 
portion  are  indigenous  to  these  islands. 

The  families  of  the  Tlnelna  which  are  represented  in  this  country 
may  be  arranged  in  the  following  table  : — 

VOT..    III.  c 


10 


TTNEINA. 


A.  Wings  of  the  ?  much  less  developed  than 
iu  the  (^ ,  short  and  pointed.      Posterior 
winces  of  the  (^  broad,  not  einarginated      .     1.  Exa?atid/e. 
A  A.  Wings    of  the    ?    wanting.       {Tbie'uhe 

pars.) 
AAA.  Wings  of  the  ?  as  fully  developed  as 
in  the  (^ . 
B.  AutenncB  not  porrected  in  repose. 

c.  Antenna  with  basal  joint  not  expanded 
into  an  eye-cap. 
D.  Labial  palpi  short  and  thick. 
E.  Anterior  wings  oblong;    maxil- 
lary palpi  generally   well  deve- 
loped   2.  TiNElD.T,. 

E  E.  Anterior  wings  elongate;  maxil- 
lary palpi  never  developed. 
F.  Posterior  wings  ovato-lancco- 
late.     {I-hjponomeiitld(V.  pars.) 
F  r.  Posterior  wings  lanceolate  .     7.  Akgvrestrit)/T<;. 
n  0.  Labial  palpi  rather  short,  termi- 
nal joint  pointed. 

G.  Anterior  wings  elongate;  cilia 
of  the  posterior  wings  not  nearly 
so  long  as   the  breadth   of  the 

posterior  wings 

G  G.  Anterior  wings  olilong ;  cilia 
of  the  posterior  wings  nearly  as 
long  or  longer  than  the  breadth 
of  the  posterior  wings 
D  D  D.  Labial  palpi  long  and  pointed. 
II.  Posterior  wings  broad  or  einar- 
ginated before  the  apex     . 
H  H.  Posterior  wings  narrow,   not 
emarginated  before  the  apex. 
T.  Maxillary  palpi  ill-developed, 
hardly  perceptible;  the  perfect 
insect  r(!]K)scs  Hat  on  the  sur- 
face on  which  it  rests   .     .     .   10.  1*]i,aciiisttt)7E. 
I  I.  INIaxillary   palpi   well -deve- 
loped, filiform,  jn'ojecting;  the 
perfect  insect  reposes  with  its 
head  elevated,  the  body  form- 
ing an  angle  of  30°  with  the 
surface  on  which  it  rests    .     .     8.  Orniciiid.e. 
I)  T)  D  D.  Labial  palpi  short,  obtuse, 
and  drooping.    Posterior  wings  lan- 
ceolate       11.  TjITI10C0LLETI1)/E. 


3.  IIyponomeutid.'e. 


G.  (!  LYrillPTF.KYGTD/E 


(iKLKCIIID/E. 


KXAPATIDi:.  11 

{•  c.  Auloniui!  with  basal  joint  cxpaiuled 
into  an  eye-cap. 
K.  Antcun.e  more  tlian  half  the  length 

of  the  anterior  wing's        ....   12.  Lyonetid.t:. 
K  K.  Antennie  not  half  the  length  of 

the  anterior  wings 13.  Xepticulid.e. 

H  15.  Antenntu  porrected  in  re])ose. 

L.  Head  rough.     Anterior  wings  oblong 

or  elongate 1.  Plutellid.k. 

L  L.  Head  smooth.     Anterior  wings  lan- 
ceolate   '.}.  COLEOPIIOIUD.E. 


Family  1.     EXAPATID.E. 


■lla  maris  amplnc,  fc/'ni'uKe  valde  albreviuld'  et  acuminatfe.  Antennie 
crassiiiscuhe,  pubescentcs  vel  dense  ciliatiu.  Haustellum  breve,  aut 
nullum.  Palpi  labiales  breves,  aut  longiuseuli ;  palpi  niaxillares  de- 
sunt.  Larva  IG  pedibus  instrueta  ;  tertio  pari  claviformi ;  inter  folia 
victitat. 

Trings  of  the  males  of  large  size,  of  the  females  extremely  abbreviated 
and  pointed.  Antenu.e  rather  thick,  pubescent  or  densely  ciliated. 
Tongue  short  or  entirely  wanting.  Labial  palpi  short  or  moderately 
long  ;  maxillary  palpi  undevch)ped.  Larva;  with  sixteen  legs,  the  third 
pair  club-shaped.  This  character  does  not  appear  cpiite  universal  in 
this  family ;  it  occurs  both  in  Salicella  and  Fagella,  but  in  I'JirjjgaueUa, 
according  to  Mdme.  Lienig's  observations  (Isis,  1810,  p.  209),  this 
peculiarity  is  restricted  to  the  young  larvae  of  the  males ;  the  adult 
male  larvas  and  the  female  larvae  always  having  the  third  pair  of  legs 
of  the  ordinary  form,  and  the  larv;e  of  Gelatella  never  have  this  peculiar 
formation  of  the  third  pair  of  legs. 

This  family  contains  three  genera,  consisting  of  foiu'  species, 
and  no  other  European  species  are  at  present  known. 

TJic  larva;  feed  iu  the  siunnicr  and  autumn  between  united 
leaves,  and  the  perfect  insects  a])pear  at  the  commencement  of 
winter  (when  C.  rkri/>janel(a  may  frecpientl}-  be  observt'd  on  the 
wing  in  the  day-time),  or  early  in  the  spring. 

The  three  genera  may  be  readily  distinguislied  as  follows  : — 

Tongue  none. 

Labial  palpi  of  the  J'  very  short.      1.  I'-xai-aii;. 

Labial  palpi  porrected.      '2.  Dasystoma. 
Tongue  short. 

Labial  palpi  ascending;   terminal  joint  smooth  and  pointed.      3. 

Cni.MAIJACCilE. 


12  KXAi'ATlD.*;. 


Genus  I.     EXAPATE.    (P(  .  1  .  I 


a- 


ExAPATE,  Hiib.  V.  387  (1S17).  CJieimaphasia,  Curt.  Oxypate,  Step. 
Cheimonophlla,  Dup.  Dinrnea  p.,  Haw.  LemniatopliUa  p.,  Trcit. 
Exapate  p.,  Zell. 

Caput  superne  ac  in  fronte  hirsutum.  Ocelli  supra  oculos.  Antennas 
crassiusculae,  $  pubescentes,  $  pilis  parce  vestitce.  Palpi  labiates 
(cJ)  brevissimi,  pilis  vestiti  (?  longiores,  pori-ecti).  Haustellum 
nullum.  Alas  raediocriter  ciliatiE,  anteriorcs  oblongo-ovataj  (  $  an- 
gustatse,  abbreviatpc),  posteriores  ovatse  (  ?  nullfe)  ;  anteriores  :  vena 
apicalis  sivijjlex  ante  apiccm  exit,  infra  cam  veuse  sex,  (jnarum  ultima 
a  penultima  longe  distant,  submediaua  abest,  subdorsalis  furca  supe- 
rior obsolcta  ;  posteriores:  vena  apicalis  \oi\g&  f areata  supra  et  infra 
apicem  exit,  infra  eam  venae  dutc  e  vemda  Iransversa  aiiyulaia,  me- 
diana  bifida. 

Head  above  and  in  front  hairy.  Ocelli  placed  above  the  eyes.  An- 
tenna; rather  thick,  in  the  (J  pubescent,  in  the  $  sparingly  clothed 
with  hairs.  Labial  palpi  of  the  (^  very  short,  clothed  with  hairs,  of 
the  ?  longer  and  porrected.  Tongue  wanting.  Wings  with  moderate 
cilia,  the  anterior  in  the  ^  obloug-ovate,  in  the  5  very  narrow  and 
very  short,  the  posterior  in  the  ^  ovate,  in  the  $  wanting.  In  the 
anterior  wings  tlie  simple  apical  vein  runs  into  the  costa  before  the 
apex,  below  it  are  six  veins,  of  which  the  last  is  at  a  considerable  dis- 
tance from  the  penultimate,  the  submedian  vein  is  not  indicated,  and 
the  upper  branch  of  the  subdorsal  vein  is  obsolete.  In  the  posterior 
wings  the  apical  vein  is  extensively  forJa'd,  terminating  above  and  below 
the  apex  of  the  wing,  beneath  it  are  two  veins  from  the  anyidated  trans- 
verse vein,  the  median  vein  is  bifid. 

There  is  only  one  species  in  this  genus.  The  perfect  insect  ap- 
pears at  the  end  of  autumn,  and  is  occasionally  met  witli  on  old 
palings  at  night;  the  larva  feeds  in  the  summer  (according  to 
Lienig  and  Freyer)  between  united  leaves  of  hawtlioj'u  and  other 
plants  (but  according  to  other  observers,  in  decayed  wood). 

1.  gelatella,  L.  F.  S.  14.50  (1701) ;  Fab.;  Trcit.;  Step.;  Frey. 

N.  15.  ])1.  150.  f.  2;  Dup. — (jelatana,  Hiib.      Alls  auticis  griseo-fuscis 

vix  purpurasccuti-tinctis,  costam  versus  saturatioribus,  vitta  lata  disci  a 

/qp    -p    .a^    basi  fere  ad  margincm  posticum  albida,  in  (pia  macula  ante  nuulium, 

^'  -' '  alteraque  cellulam  discoidalem  terniiuantc  saturate  fuscis,  macula  parva 

(H-T^"    ^  '    fusea  supra  plicam  pone  medium,  macula  costali  a))icera  versus  saturate 

fusca,  punctisquc  ))arvis  marginis  postici  saturate  fuscis ;    %  alis  auticis 

brevissimis,  angustissiniis,  albido-griseis  fusco-marginatis.     Exp.  at.  $ 

9i  lin. ;   ?    !•  lin. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  l)lack.  Antenna'  dark  gn;y.  Anterior  wings 
gieyish-fuseous,  witli  a  sliglit  purplish  gloss,  towards  the  costa  rather 
darker,  and  with  a  broad  streak  on  the  disc,  from  the  base  to  near  the 


DASVSTOMA.  13 

liiiuier  niai'^iu  w  liitisli ;  in  this  Ijclbrr  the  middle  is  a  dark  fuscous  spot, 
and  another  darls.  t'useous  sjiot  lies  in  the  streak  at  tlie  termination  of 
the  discoidal  cell,  below  which,  but  above  the  fold,  is  a  small  fuscous 
spot;  on  the  eosta  rather  before  the  apex  is  a  dark  i'useous  spot,  and 
there  are  some  small  fuscous  spots  along  the  hinder  margin  ;  cilia  pale 
grey.     Posterior  wings  pale  greyish-fuseous,  with  paler  cilia. 

The  female  has  the  anterior  wings  very  short  and  extremely  narrow, 
whitish-grey,  with  the  margins  somewhat  fuscous. 

JSoutli  of  England,  jN'ovcmbcr  and  December;  not  common. 


Genus  II.     DASYSTOMA. 


(H^X 


Dasystoma,  Curt.  Ent.  Mag.  i.  190  (1  S33) ;  Step.  DmrHen  p..  Haw. 
Clinidopldla  p.,  lliib.  Leiniiiulophila  p.,  Treit. ;  Dup.  Kxupala  p., 
Zell. 

Caput  pilis  deenmbcntibus  vestitum,  epistomio  huvigato.     Ocelli  supra 
oculos.     Antenn<ie  crassiusculai,  (^  dense  ciliata}.     I'alpi  lal)iales/;or- 
redi,  pilis  vestiti.     llaustellum  nullum.     AUi3  mediocriter  ciliatae, 
anteriores    oblongo-ovattc    (  $    angustat;i!,    abbreviate;),    posteriorcs 
ovatffi  (  ?  imllai) ;  anteriores  :   vena  apicalis  fnrcaia  supra  et  infra 
apicem  exit,  infra  cam  vena?  qnatuor,  ultima  parura  curva,  subdor- 
salis  furcata;  posteriorcs:   vena  apicalis  simplex  ante  apieem  exit, 
infra  earn  \er\<Q  duc«  e  venula  transversa,  vena  mediana  bifida. 
Head  clotlicd  with  decumbent  hairs,  in  front  smooth.     Ocelli  placed 
above  the  eyes.     AntenniC  rather  thick,  in  the  (^  densely  ciliated.     La- 
bial \yd\in  por>rc/ed,  clothed  with  hairs.    Tongue  wanting.    Wings  with 
moderate  cilia,  the  anterior  in  the  <^  oblong-ovaie,  in  the  $  extremely 
narrow  and  very  short,  the  jjosterior  in  the  ^  ovate,  in  the  ?  wanting. 
Tn  the  anterior  wings  the  furcate  apical  vein  terminates  in  the  eosta, 
and  in  the  hinder  margin  ;   below  it  arc  four  veins,  of  which  the  last  is 
slightly  curved  ;  the  subilorsal  vein  is  furcate.      In  the  posterior  wings 
the  simple  apical  vein  terminates  on  the  eosta  inunedialely  before  the 
apex,  below  it  are  two  veins  from  the  transverse  vein ;  the  median  vein 
is  bifid. 

There  is  only  one  species  in  this  genus;  tlie  perfect  insect 
appears  in  the  spring  among  sallows,  Hying  by  day;  the  larva 
feeds  in  the  summer  and  autunui  between  united  leaves  of  sallow, 
the  third  pair  of  feet  are  club-shaped  (according  to  Lienig,  but 
not  so  according  to  Frcjjer). 

1.  Salicella,  lliib.  Tin.  f.  9  (ISOI);  Treit.;  Curt.;  Step.;  Frcy.;     '?f-  ^ 
Dup.;  Lienig. — Salicis,  Haw.      Mis  antieis  dilute  griseo-fuscis  roseo- 
sutfusis,  disco  dilutiore,  nuicula  transversali  saturate  fusca  fere  in  medio,    - 
punctis  duobus  disci  fere  eonnexis  pone  medimu,  niargine  postieo  sa- 


C 


14  EXAI'ATID.E. 

turatloi'e  fusco ;  $  alis  anticis  brevissiinis  angustissimis  dilute  griseis 
(vix  roseo-sufFusis)  fasciis  duabus  nigris,  altera  in  medio,  altera  ante 
apicem.     Exp.  al.  (J  8  lin. ;   $  3i  lin. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  reddish-fuscous.  Antennae  dark  fuscous.  An- 
terior wings  pale  greyish-fuscous,  with  a  strong  rosy  tint,  palest  on  the 
disc,  with  a  dark  fuscous  fascia-form  mark  nearly  in  the  middle,  and  two 
dark  fuscous  spots  on  the  disc,  almost  united,  beyond  the  middle  ;  hinder 
margin  rather  dark  fuscous  ;  cilia  pale  reddish-fuscous.  Posterior  wings 
fuscous,  towards  the  base  rather  paler,  with  pale  fuscous  cilia. 

The  female  has  the  anterior  wings  extremely  abbreviated  and  very 
narrow,  pale  grey,  with  a  very  slight  rosy  tint,  with  a  black  fascia  in 
the  middle,  and  another  immediately  before  the  apex. 

England  and  (south  of  Scotland  ?) ;  April ;  not  uncommon. 


Genus  III.     CHIMABACCHE.    (P^-X  l*"^" 

CniMABACCUE,  Zell.  Isis  1839,  p.  181.  Diurnea,  Curt.  Diurnea  p., 
Haw.  LevimatopJdla  p.,  Tr.  Clihnahacclw  ct  CIteimophila  p.,  Hiib. 
Chehnopldla  et  Biunwa,  Step.     Diurnea  et  LciiuuatophUa  p.,  Dup. 

Capilli  siiperne  subcrecti,  in  fronte  decumbentes.  Ocelli  nulli.  An- 
tennae crassiusculas,  (^  dense  ciliatfe,  vel  pubesccntes.  Palpi  labiates 
adscendenlcs,  articulo  secundo  dense  squamato,  tertio  kcvi  acuto. 
Haustelluni  breve,  basi  parce  squamata.  Ala3  mediocriter  ciliatae, 
antcriores  oblongo-ovataD  (  $  abbrcviata3  acuminatre),  posteriores 
ovata5  (  $  abbreviuta3  acuminatfc) ;  antcriores :  vena  apicalis  furcata 
supra  ct  infra  apicem  exit,  infra  cam  vena3  (lubiqin',  ultima  paruni 
curva,  subdorsalis  furcata ;  posteriores  :  vena  apicalis  simplex  ante 
apicem  exit,  infra  cam  vcuai  ihue  e  venula  transversa,  mcdiaua  Iri- 
Jida. 

Head  above  with  the  hairs  rather  erect,  in  front  smooth.  Ocelli 
none.  Antcnnrc  rather  thick,  in  the  $  densely  ciliated  or  pubescent. 
Ijabial  palpi  ascoid'uig ;  the  second  joint  thickly  scaled ;  the  terminal 
joint  mnooth  and po'micd .  Tongue  short,  with  a  few  scales  at  the  base. 
Wings  with  moderate  cilia ;  the  anterior  in  the  ^  oblong-ovate,  in  the 
^  short  and  pointed  ;  the  posterior  in  the  $  ovate,  in  the  $  short  and 
narrow.  Ju  the  anterior  wings  the  furcate  apical  vein  terminates  in 
the  costa,  and  in  the  hintler  margin ;  below  it  are  Jive  veins,  of  which 
the  last  is  slightly  curved;  the  subdorsal  vein  is  furcate.  In  the  pos- 
terior wings  the  simjjle  apical  vein  terminates  in  the  costa  before  the 
a])(!X  ;  below  it  are  two  veins  from  the  transverse  vein;  the  median 
vein  is  lr\Hd. 

This  genus  conipriscs  only  two  species,  one  of  wliich  appears  in 
uulunin,  the  other  in  spring;  from  the  structure  of  the  palpi  and 
anteinue  they  nuiy  he  separated  thus: — 


ririAr  \BA( ciiK.  15 

a.  Third  jniiit  of  the  palpi  eirct,  ratliev   long.       Antennae  of  the  J 

tleiiscly  ciliated.     Species  1. 
rt  a.  Third  joint  of  the  palpi  ascending,  rather  short.      Antcnufii  of  iIk; 

(^  pubescent.     Species  2. 

1.  phryganella,  Iliib.  Tin.  f.  10  (ISOl);  Haw.;  Treit. ;  Step.;  ^  ^ 
Dup. ;  Lienig.     %  Novt'mhrU^W-aw .:  Step.;  Curt.  B.  E.  fo.  713.  Alis        ^/. 
anticis  dilute  bruiineis,  costam  versus  saturatioribus,  s([uaniis  si)arsis        ^  ^ 
disci  albidis,  maculis   dnabus  fere  obsoletis  fnscis,   altera  in   medio, 

altera  pone  medium;  ?  alis  anticis  brevibus  ct  postice  acutissimis, 
albido-griseis,  fusco-siguatis,  stria  anguhita  saturate  fusca  in  medio, 
utrum  margiuem  non  attingente,  punctis  duobus  disci,  maculaquc  ob- 
liqna  transversali  apicem  versus  saturate  fuscis.  Exp.  al.  (5*  10^  lin. ; 
?  8  lin. 

Head  and  face  reddish-grey.  Palpi  fuscous  ;  the  base  of  the  second 
joint  greyish-ochreous ;  terminal  joint  oehreous,  with  a  fuscous  ring 
before  the  apex.  Antenmt!  greyish,  annulated  with  fuscous.  Anterior 
wings  rather  pale  hrown,  darker  towarks  the  costa,  with  some  scattered 
whitish  scales  on  the  disc,  and  two  faintly  indicated  oblique  fuscous 
blotches,  one  in  the  middle,  the  other  beyond  the  middle ;  before  the 
apex  near  the  costa  is  a  faint  fuscous  blotch ;  cilia  pale  fuscous.  Poste- 
rior wings  fuscous,  with  j)aler  cilia. 

The  female  has  the  autcriol-  wings  short,  and  posteriorly  extremely 
acute,  whitish-grey,  marked  with  fuscous ;  in  the  middle  is  a  dark 
fuscous  or  black  angulated  mark,  not  reaching  cither  margin,  beyond 
are  two  dark  fuscous  spots  on  the  disc,  followed  by  an  oblique  dark 
fuscous  fascia-form  mark. 

Generally  distributed.  The  perfect  insect  appears  in  October 
and  IN^ovember ;  the  $  flying  freely  in  the  daytime,  the  ?  may  be 
found  resting  on  the  trunks  of  trees.  The  larva  (according  to 
Lienig)  feeds  in  June  on  oaks;  that  of  the  c?  when  young  having 
the  third  pair  of  feet  club-shaped. 

2.  Fagella,  W.  V.  13.-).  31  (177^);  Fab.;   Hiib. ;  Treit.;  Step.;     CPC    X 
Dup.  L.  l'\  xi.  pi.  287.  f.  1,  2. — Tagl.,   Fab.;  Haw.;  var.  Dormoi/clUt,   „a-(!',  3_  •■ 
Dup.  L.  F.  xi.  pi.  2!^7.  f.  3,  4.      Alis   anticis  alhidis  lutesceutibusvc,   '^ 

fusco  (interdum  valde)  sufTusis,  stria  angulata  saturate  fusca  ante  me-  jtv- —  .^ 
diuui,  infra  plicam  interrupta  et  dorsum  non  attingente,  j9«;/e/i5  duobus  —  -" 
disci  fere  in  medio  (iuferiore  posteriore),  tcrtio  disci  pone  medium, 
striaque  transversali  cellulam  discoidalem  terminaute,  satiu'ate  fuscis, 
striga  obsoleta  angulata  ac  indentata  marginem  posticum  versus,  mar- 
gine  postico  apicecpie  costa  saturate  fusco-punctatis  ;  $  alis  anticis 
angustioribus  brevioribus,  apice  aculo,  saturatioribus,  signis  obsoletiori- 
bus.     Exp.  al.  S  13  liii. ;   ?  9  lin. 

Head  and  face  whitish-grey,  mixed  with  fuscous.  Palpi  whitish- 
grey,  mixed  with  fuscous  ;  tip  of  the  terminal  joint  paloochreous. 
AntenUcC  whitish-grey,  aniuilated  with  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  whitiuli, 
more  or  less  inclining  to  yellowish,  sulfiised  (sonu'times  very  much  so) 


16  tineid.t;. 

with  fuscous  sonlos,  witli  an  nngulatod  dark  fuscous  striga  Ijefore  tlie 
middle,  interrupted  however  soon  after  crossing  tlie  fold,  and  not  reach- 
ing to  the  inner  margin  ;  on  the  disc,  nearly  in  the  middle,  are  two 
small  dark  fHscoim  npuls,  of  which  the  lower  one  is  the  posterior,  an- 
other dark  fuscous  spot  lies  on  the  disc  a  little  beyond  the  middle, 
and  at  the  termination  of  the  discoidal  cell  is  a  small  transverse  dark 
fuscous  streak ;  towards  the  hinder  margin  is  a  faint,  angulated,  and 
indented  striga ;  the  hinder  margin  and  apex  of  the  costa  are  spotted 
dark,  with  fuscous;  cilia  whitish,  interrupted  with  fuscous  opposite  the 
marginal  spots.  Posterior  wings  rather  pale-grey,  darker  posteriorly 
with  whitish  cilia. 

The  female  has  the  anterior  wings  narrower,  shorter,  and  abruptly 
acute,  generally  darker  than  in  the  male,  and  the  markings  less  distinct. 

An  abundant  species  tliroughoiit  the  country,  sitting  on  the 
tninks  of  trees  during  the  cokl  showery  weather  of  April.  The 
larva  (with  tlie  third  pair  of  feet  chib-shaped)  is  polypluigous, 
feeding  between  united  leaves  in  8e])teniber  and  October.  1  have 
found  it  on  birch,  sallow,  and  mountain-ash. 


Family  II.     TINEID.E. 


Capni  lanatnm ;  palpi  lalnales  brcvefi,  cransl ;  palpi  maxillares  i)lcris(pic 

5-  vel  C-articulati.     Larva  saccophora,  vel  in  fungis  intra  cunieulos 

sericeos  vivens. 

Head  roiipli,  having  a  woolly  appearance  {Lampronia  and  some  of  the 
Addce  are  exceptions);  labial  palpi  sJiort  and  thick ;  maxillary  palpi  in 
many  of  the  genera  extremely  developed,  five-  or  six-jointed ;  antenna? 
extremely  variable,  pectinated,  ciliated,  or  simi)le,  short,  of  moderate 
length,  or  very  long ;  tongue  rarely  absent.  Larvee  case-hearers,  or 
feeding  in  fungi,  or  decayed  wood,  in  galleries  lined  with  silk,  or  in  the 
pith  of  the  stems  of  plants.  The  larvcC  of  the  singular  genus  Ochsen- 
heimeria  burrow  down  the  stems  of  grass. 

It  is  to  this  family  that  those  pests  of  our  houses,  the  clothes- 
moths,  belong;  they  form  the  bulk  of  the  genus  Tinea,  but  only 
a  few  species  annoy  us  by  their  ravages. 

Tlu'  lirst  two  genera,  having  apterous  females,  arc  the  represen- 
tatives of  1-hc  Fumeai  amongst  the  Tincina.  The  three  last  genera 
of  this  family  (the  long-horns)  nn"ght  at  hrst  siglit  appear  to  form 
a  natural  group  by  themselves,  but  the  development  of  the  maxil- 
liu-y  palpi  in  Ncwo]j/wra,  and  the  want  of  them  iu  Adda  and 
Ncaiotois,  show  that  they  are  not  sulliciently  related  ruler  se  to 
warrant  such  a  step,  and  to  place  Adela  and  Ncmolois  in  a  dis- 


TALKVORIA.  17 

tiuct  family,  leaving  NemopJiora  among  the  Tincidce,  would  rather 
outrage  our  ideas  of  relationship. 

This  family  contains  fourteen  genera  which  arc  represented  m 
this  coiuitry  (two  or  three  others,  Eriocottls,  Ilapslfera,  etc.,  oc- 
curring on  the  continent) ;  they  may  be  distinguished  as  follows  : — 
a.  ]\Iaxiilary  palpi  undeveloped. 
b.  AnteiiuiC  of  moderate  lougili. 
c.  Head  rough. 

d.  Females  wingless. 

e.  Ocelli  distinct.      1.  T.vL/neoKiA. 
e  e.  Ocelli  none.     2.  Solenoiua. 
d  d.  remal(!s  winged. 

/.  Labial  palpi  short,  not  thickened  with  scales. 
g.  Ocelli  distinct.     3.  Diplodoma. 
g  ff.  Ocelli  none.     4.  Xysmotodoma. 
//.  Labial  palpi  porrected  ;  second  joint  very  hairy,  and 
with  a  proj\'cting  tuft.      Anterior   wings    with   raised 
scales.     5.  Ochsknueimekl^. 
c  c.  Head  smooth.     9.  Lampuosetia. 
b  h.  Antenna;  very  long. 

h.  Eyes  of  the  males  distant.   13.  Adela. 
h  h.  Eyes  of  the  males  large,  approximating.      11.  Xe.motois. 
u  a.  i\Iaxillary  palpi  5-G-jointed. 
b.  Antenufc  of  moderate  length . 
c.  Head  rough. 

i.  Terminal  joint  of  labial  palpi  slender,  ascending.      0.  Euplo- 

CAMUS. 

i  i.  Terminal  joint  of  labial  palpi  thick,  not  ascending. 
k.  Posterior  wings  clothed  with  scales.     7.  Tinea. 
k  /'.  Posterior  wings  clothed  with  hairs. 
/.  Ocelli  none.     10.  Ikcurvauia. 
/  /.  Ocelli  distinct.     11.  Mickopteuy.x. 
r  c.  Head  in  front  and  on  the  crown  smooth.     8.  Lampkonia. 
b  b.  Antenme  very  long.      12.  Ne.mophoha. 

Genus  1.     TAL-ffiPORIA.      ^-'L-  -\^' 

Tal.'EPORIA,  Zell.  L.  E.  vii.  331  et  33G  (1852).  CoddeopJuma,  Curt.; 
Step.      Talcporia  p.,  If  lib.     Solenohia  p.,  Dup. 

Caput  superne  et  in  frontc  hirsutum.  Ocelli  dhtlncll  pone  oculos. 
Antenna;  J  setaecie,  crenulatie,  ciliatie.  Palpi  maxilhu'cs  indli.  l*alpi 
labiates  cylindrici,  pilosuli ;  articulo  secundo  infra,  ct  ajiiee  supra 
setoso.  llaustcllum  nullum.  Ala^  oblongie,  mcdiocriter  ciliata; ; 
antcriores  :  cellula  diseoidalis  venas  hcx  in  marginem  posticum  cmit- 
tit,  supremam/«rca/ffji/.  ?  Aplvro,  ano  lauato.  Larva  saccopliora, 
sacco  lougo,  (jracd'i,  granulate,  anum  versus  attenuate. 

VOL.    III.  D 


18  TINEID.E, 

Head  above  and  in  front  hairy.  Ocelli  distinct  behind  the  eyes. 
Antenna)  of  the  (^  setaceous,  ciliated.  Maxillary  paljii  none.  Labial 
palpi  cylindrical,  hairy ;  the  second  joint  armed  with  bristles  beneath, 
and  above  at  the  apex.  Tongue  wanting.  Wings  olilong,  with  mo- 
derate cilia.  From  the  discoidal  cell  of  the  anterior  wings  six  veins 
run  to  the  hinder  margin;  of  these  the  uppermost  h furcate.  Female 
apterous,  with  the  anus  woolly.  Larva  case-bearing ;  the  case  long, 
slender,  granulated,  attenuated  towards  the  anus. 

The  food  of  the  larvre  is  probably  bchen ;  the  cases  are  found 
on  the  trunks  of  trees  and  palings,  the  hwvce  being  full  fed  in 
the  early  spring.  The  only  two  British  species  may  be  easily  dis- 
tinguished : — 

u.  Anterior  wings  reticulated.     Species  2. 
a  a.  Anterior  wings  unicolorous.     Species  1. 

The  latter  {pvJAcorms)  hardly  belongs  to  this  genus,  having 
the  antenna?  pubescent,  not  ciliated,  the  palpi  less  hairy,  and  a 
short  tongue :  its  transformations  are  unknown. 

1.  pubicornis.  Haw.  L.  B.  533  (1829) ;  Curt. ;  Sta. ;  Zell.;  Step.? 
(W   X  ■         ^^^^  anticis  nitidis  fuscis  iniinaculatis,  eosta  basim  versus  saturatiore. 

4\_^       Exp.ahTilin. 

Head  and  tace  ochreous.  Palpi  fuscous,  tip  of  the  terminal  joini. 
yellowish.  Antennte  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  shining-fuscous,  imma- 
culate;  the  eosta  towards  the  base  rather  darker;  cilia  pale  fuscous. 
Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Female  unknown. 

Taken  by  Mr.  AUis,  near  CJrassington,  Yorkshire,  in  June. 

2.  pseudobombycella,   Hiib.  Tin.   f.   212   (1801);    Z.   g.  S. ; 
^-  I  •      Treit. ;  P.  v.  \\. ;   Zell. — ijhtljrella,  Ochsenh. — iessellea,  Haw. ;  Curt. ; 

(X-c  Step.  Alis  anticis  i'usco-cmereis,  inacul is  nui/ierosis  dilute  luteis,  quasi 
reticulatis,  macula  disci  pone  medium  saturatiore,  maculis  duabus 
dorsi  dilute  lutcis,  altera  in  medio,  altera  ad  augulura  analem.  Exp. 
al.  8  lin. 

Head  and  face  pale  ochreous.  Palpi  pale  fuscous,  terminal  joint 
pale  greyish-ochreous.  AntenncC  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  greyish- 
fuscous,  ?vit/i  numerous  faint  pale  i/ello/vis/i  spots  (except  towards  the 
base  and  basal  lialf  of  the  eosta),  w/dc/i  (jive  the  win (j  an  almost  reticulated 
appearance,  in  which  there  appears  a  darker  sj)ot  on  the  disc,  beyond 
the  middle ;  on  the  inner  margin  are  two  longer  })alc  yellowish  spots, 
one  in  the  middle,  the  other  at  the  anal  angle ;  cilia  grey.  Posterior 
wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

I'emale  fuscous,  with  tlu^  anal  tuft  greyisli. 

Common  in  the  south  of  FiUgland ;  tlie  larva  on  tlic  trunks  of 
trees  and  palings  in  April  and  May;  the  perfect  insect  in  June. 


A 


SOLKNOIHA.  19 

Genus  TI.     SOLENOBIA.      ^-  ^    '^'  ' 

SoLENOBiA,  Zell.  L.  E.  vii.  o.'32  ct  '.il3  (1852).     Tatcporla  p.,  Hub. 

Solenobia  p.,  Diip. 
Caput  superne  ct  in  troutc  liirsuliim.      Ocelli  nnlli.     Autciaur!  J  seta- 
cCcV,  ciliatcC.     Os  pilosuni,  palplH  suhmiUis.     Ahc  oblongie,  motlio- 
criter  ciliatiB ;  anteriores  :  ccjlula  discoiclalis  venas  qurnqKc  in  mar- 
gincin  posticum  emittit  simjjlices.       $  Aptera,  aiio  lauato.      Larva 
saccopliora,  sacco  hremmculn,  o-vanulato,  aiium  versus  attenuato. 
Head  above  and  in  front  liairy.      Ocelli  none.     Anteniur  of  the  <^ 
setaceous,  ciliated.     Maxillary  palpi  undeveloped.      Labial   ])alpi   ex- 
trerady  short,  almost  concealed  in  tlie  hairs  of  the  mouth.     AVings  ob- 
long, with  moderate  cilia.     From    the  discoidal   cell  of  the   anterior 
wings y/i-e  simple  veins  run  to  the  hinder  margin.       ?  ylpterous,  with 
the  anus  woolly.   Larva  case-bearing;  the  case  rullier  short,  granulated, 
attenuated  towards  the  anus. 

The  food  of  the  larvaj  is  probably  lichen ;  the  cases  are  found 
on  tlie  trunks  of  trees,  paHngs,  and  rocks;  the  h\rvie  being  full 
fed  in  the  early  spring*. 

The  only  two  British  species,  of  whicli  we  know  the  males,  are 
very  closely  allied.     We  a[)pear  to  have  several  si)ecies  of  lar\je,        ^        «    • 
but  from  some  only  females  have  yet  been  oblaiued,  from  which,     fo  ^(L--^ 
without  continued   observations  of  the  larvtc,  cases,  and   whole      >  ^a-^-. 
habits  of  the  insects,  it  is  impossible  to  distinguish  the  species.    ~'  " 
It  is  in  this  genus  that  we  meet  with  the  singular  })hysiological 
fact  of  uniinpregnated  females  laying  fertile  eggs,  and  not  as  the 
exception,  but  as  the  rule.     (See  Trans.  Ent.  Soc.  London,  vol.  i. 
N.S.  p.  231.) 

1.  inconspicuella,  Sta.  Cat.  p.  ()  (istl)) ;  Zell.     Alis  anticis  ««-     ^     ^. 
gustulis,  apiee  rotundato,  cinereo-fuscis,  maculis  nuracrosis  irrcgularibus      ,^o.-  c 
mediocril)us  albidis  vix  distinctis,  inargine  iwsiicof /tsco-p/(tictato.     Exp. 

al.  5i-()  lin. 

Head  and  face  grey.  Antiaiuic  dark-grey.  Anterior  wings  rather 
tiarroiv,  witli  the  apex  rounded,  greyish-fuscous,  with  luunerous  irregu- 
lar rather  large  whitish  spots,  not  sharply  dcftncd ;  on  the  hinder  mar- 
gin is  a  row  of  da^-k  spots ;  cilia  alternately  whitish  and  greyish-fuscous. 
Posterior  wings  palc-grcy,  with  paler  cilia. 

Not  common.  The  larv;c  are  full  fed  before  the  end  of  March, 
when  they  may  be  found  on  palings ;  the  perfect  insect  appears 
early  in  April. 

2.  Douglasii,  u.  sp.  Alis  anticis  vix  unynstis,  apiee  paulhdain 
rotundaU),  cinereo-fuscis,  apicem  versns  sutnratiuriljus,  niaenlis  nunierosis 
irrcgularibus  mediocribus/^'/'e  distinctis  all^idis.     Exp.  al.  (5  lin. 

Head,  face,  and  antenna;  greyish-fuscous.  Anterior  wings  hardly 
narrow,  with   the  apex  sUyhtly  rounded,  greyish-fuscous,  towards  the 


(K.x- 


20  tijNeid.e. 

apex  ratJier  darJcer,  with  inimerous  irregular  rather  large  whitish  spots 
rathe)'  sharply  defined ;  cilia  whitish,  with  some  fuscous  patches  oppo- 
site the  fuscous  portious  of  the  hinder  margin.  Posterior  wings  pale- 
grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

A  single  specimen,  in  the  collection  of  Mr.  Douglas,  taken  by 
him  at  Birch  Wood  in  the  spring. 


Genus  III.     DIPLODOMA.  (?{  i    (2^' 

DiPLODOMA,  Zell.  L.  E.  vii.  333  et  359  (iS52).    Lampronia  p.,  Step. 

Caput  superne  et  in  fronte   hirsutum.      Ocelli  disthictl  pone  oculos. 

Antenn?e  setace<:e,  J"  ciliatfe,  $  subdentatse.     Palpi  maxillares  nulli. 

Palpi  labiales  cylindrici  pilosi.     Abe  auteriores,  oblongre,  mediocriter 

ciliatjB  ;  anteriorcs  :  cellula  discoidalis  venas  sex  in  marginem  posti- 

cum  emittit,  supremam  simplicem  subapicalcm.    $  Jlata,  ano  lanato. 

Larva  saccophora,  sacco  in  indnsiiini  inclnso. 

Head  above  and  in  front  hairy.  Ocelli  distinct  behind  the  eyes. 
Antennre  setaceous,  of  the  (^  ciliated,  of  the  $  subdentate.  l^.Iaxillary 
palpi  none.  Labial  palpi  cylindric,  hairy.  Wings  oblong,  with  mode- 
rate cilia.  Prom  the  discoidal  cell  of  the  anterior  wings  six  simple 
veins  run  into  the  hinder  margin.  Feumle  winged,  with  the  anus  woolly. 
Larva  case-bearing,  the  case  enclosed  in  an  outer  covering. 

But  one  species  is  known  in  this  genus. 

1.  marginepunctella,  Step.  H.  iv.  3.58  (1S35);  Zell.  L.  E.  vii. 

J  ^-  ■^'  —siderella,  Zell.  isis.  1  839  ;  H.-S.  Tin.  pi.  46.  f.  31 9.    Alls  anticis  satu- 

D*^'     •  rate  fuscis  vix  purpurascente  tinctis,  punctis  numerosis  dilute  luteis, 

quasi  in  fascias  duas,  costam  versus  furcatas,  aggregatis,  quarum  prima 

ad  dorsum  conspicuore.     Exp.  al.  5tV  lin. 

Head  greyish-ochreous,  mixed  with  fuscous.  Face  fuscous.  Palpi 
fuscous,  terminal  joint  whitish.  Antenna;  fuscous.  Anterior  wings 
dark-fuscous,  with  a  slight  purplish  gloss,  with  numerous  small  pale- 
yellow  spots,  which  appear  to  form  two  fascia^  one  rather  broad  before 
the  middle,  and  one  narrower  towards  the  iunder  margin,  both  are  fur- 
cate on  the  costa,  the  anterior  api)ears  on  the  inner  margin  as  a  con- 
spicuous spot;  cilia  dark-fuscous,  interrupted  with  pale-yellowish.  Pos- 
terior wings  dark-fuscous,  with  a  slight  purplish  gloss  ;  cilia  grey. 

Not  common.  The  perfect  insect  appears  in  June  and  July; 
the  food  of  the  larva  (remarkable  for  its  doable  case)  has  not 
yet  been  ascertained. 


Vi^-^- 


Genus  IV.     XYSMATODOMA.  (P- t-T 

Xysmatodoma,  Zell.  L.  E.  vii..  332  et  302   (1853).     lampronia  p.. 
Step. 


o(_'HSENiir;o[i:uiA.  21 

Caput  snperne  ct  in  iVonto  liirsiitum.  Ocelli  mdli.  Antennae  sctacete, 
(^  setoso-ciliatfc.  Palpi  maxillares  iiuUi.  Palpi  labiales  cyliiulrit-i, 
breves,  hirsuti.  Ahu  (?  j^Taciliores)  obloiigio,  mcdiocriter  ciliatie; 
anteriorcs :  ccllula  discoidalis  vcnas  quinqne  in  niargiiiem  posticum 
emittit.  $  Alata,  aiio  laiiato.  Larva  saccopliora,  sacco  shiijdici, 
breviusculo,  graiuilaio. 

Head  above  and  in  front  liairy.  Ocelli  none.  Aiitenntie  setaceous, 
in  the  (^  strongly  ciliated.  Maxillary  palpi  none.  Labial  palpi  short, 
cylindric,  hairy.  Wings  oljlong  (of  the  $  narrower),  with  moderate 
cilia.  From  the  discoidal  cell  of  the  anterior  wings  Jive  veins  run  to 
the  hinder  margin.  Feinale  iciur/ed,  with  the  anus  woolly.  Larva  case- 
bearing  ;  the  case  simple,  rather  short,  granulated. 

But  one  British  species  is  kuown  in  this  genus ;  on  the  conti- 
nent is  another  closely  allied  to  it.  ArfjentmaculeUa  I  refer  to 
the  genus  Tinea. 

1.  melanella.  Haw.  L.  B.  56G  (L829);   Step.;  Zell.  L.  E.  vii.—    3f-  X- 
atrella,  Step. — slelliferella,   F.  v.  Iv.  ])1.   .59. — seqnella,  Ilaw.  ?      Alis    Wa— C_ 
anticis  nigris,  punetis  luunerosis  sparsis  luteo-albis,  fascia  obsoleta  ad     ' 
dorsum  distinctiore  ante  medium  luteo-alba,  macula  parva  dorsi  pone 
medium  ]nincto(pic  costiv  apiccni  versus  albidis,  apice  cost;c  niarginequc 
postico  albido-])uuctatis.      Exp.  al.  5^-  lin. 

Head  and  face  black.  Palpi  fuscous  ;  terminal  joint  whitish.  An- 
terior wings  black,  with  luunerous  scattered  yellowish-white  spots,  with 
an  indistinct  rather  inlerrnpted  yellowish-white  fascia  before  tiie  middle, 
most  conspicuous  on  the  inner  margin  ;  a  small  whitish  spot  lies  on  the 
iiuier  margin  beyond  the  middle,  and  on  the  costa,  rather  posterior,  is 
another  small  whitish  spot ;  the  apex  of  the  costa  and  hinder  margin  are 
spotted  with  whitish;  cilia  dark-fuscous,  externally  with  some  whitish 
patches.     Posterior  wings  greyish-fuscous,  with  paler  cilia. 

In  tlic  south  of  England;  not  scarce.  Tlie  larvae  feed  on 
lichen,  and  are  found  on  old  ])aliiigSj  etc.,  in  April  and  jMay,  the 
perfect  insect  appearing  in  June. 


Genus  V.     OCHSENHEIMERIA.   ^-  X-  8  "" 

OcTiSEXHEiMEKiA,  Iliib.  V.  4J0  (1S17);  ZcIl.  Lepidoccra,  Curt. ;  Step. 
F//j///as,  Trcit. ;  Dup. 

Caput  superne  valde  JiirsutHm,  in  frontc  s(|uamaceura.  Ocelli  dislincii 
pone  oculos.  Anlennrv  crassiuscuhe,  intcrdum  squanis  usque  viedium 
incrassalfP.  Palpi  maxillares  nulli.  Palpi  hddcdes  porrecli ;  arlicnlo 
secundo  vcdde  Jursuto,  artieulo  tertio  hcvi  adscendente  aenminato, 
Haustellum  breve,  nudum,  ^^/c/?  mcdiocriter  ciliat;u  ;  anleriores  ob- 
longvc, squamisexasperatis,  posteriores  oblongo-ovata;;  anteriorcs:  vena 
apicalis  furcata  ante  apicem  exit,  infra  cam  vena;  quatuor,  submcdianio 


22  TINEID.E. 

apex  incrassatus,  siibdoi-salis  louge  furcata  ;  posteriores  :  vense  apicalis 

furcata3  ramus  inferior  in  apicem  exit,  infra  earn  vena}  ducE  e  venula 

transversa;  raediana  bifida. 

Head  ahoiie  very  lialry,  in  front  more  clothed  with  scales.  Ocelli  dis- 
tinct behind  the  eyes.  Antenna  rather  thick,  about  half  the  length  of 
the  anterior  wings,  sometimes  thiclamed  tcitlb  scales  to  the  middle.  ]\Iax- 
illary  palpi  undeveloped.  Labial  palpi  porrected,  the  second  joint  very 
hairy,  and  with  a  prolonged  tuft,  the  third  joint  smooth,  ascending, 
pointed.  Tongue  short,  not  clothed  with  scales.  Winys  with  mode- 
rate cilia,  the  anterior  oblong,  7oith  semi-erect  scales  {having  a  ruyged 
ajyjjearance),  the  posterior  oblong- ovate.  In  the  anterior  wings  the 
apical  vein  is  furcate,  terminating  in  the  costa  before  the  apex,  beneath 
it  are  four  veins  ;  the  apex  of  the  subraedian  vein  is  thickened,  and  the 
subdorsal  vein  is  for  a  consideralile  length  furcate ;  in  the  posterior 
wings  the  lower  branch  of  the  forked  apical  vein  terminates  in  the  apex, 
below  it  two  veins  run  from  the  transverse  vein,  and  the  median  vein  is 
bifid. 

The  perfect  insects  of  tliis  geuns  are  found  among  grass,  but, 
except  during  the  very  middle  of  the  day,  from  12  to  2  p.m.,  are 
rarely  met  with ;  at  that  hour  they  are  very  active,  hopping  about 
on  the  stems  of  the  grass,  and  taking  short  flights,  but  tlieir  pe- 
riod of  flight  once  over,  they  conceal  themselves  so  well  that  it  is 
almost  impossible  to  detect  them.  The  larva  of  one  species  (0. 
BirdeUa)  I  have  occasionally  met  with,  when  full  fed,  crawhng  on 
grass ;  but  it  feeds  inside  the  stems,  and  in  one  instance  had  bored 
//  down  the  stem  of  Dacti/JJs  ylomeratus  almost  to  the  root,  and  was 
/  oifly  detected  by  the  fact  of  an  Elacli'ista.  having  taken  a  fancy  to 

£_  /  the  same  plant  of  Dactijhj>^,  which  led  Mr.  Wing  to  the  discovery 
'  of  the  concealed  Ocksenhelnieria.  IMr.  Scott  also  found  these 
larva?  in  the  stems  of  grass. 

We  liave  only  three  British  species  in  this  genus  (two  others 
ai'e  known  on  the  continent) ;  they  may  be  readily  distinguished 
by  the  antennrc. 

a.  Antenna;  much  thickened  with  scales  to  the  middle.      Species  1. 
a  a.  Antennfc  very  slightly  thickened  with  scales  nearly  to  the  middle. 

.Species  2. 
a  a  a.  Antenuie  perfectly  simph;.     Species  3. 

-f  .  1.  Birdella,  Curt.  B.  E.  fo.  344  (1831);  Step.;  Sin.— Bison  tella, 

Sta. — Mediojjctlinella,  Haw.?  Step.?  Alls  nnticis  griseo-fuscis  vel 
obscure  ochreis,  scpiamis  numcrosis  exaspcratis  fuscis,  albidisvc;  alis 
posticis  pur])ureo-fuscis,  ijjsa  hasi  hyalina.  Capillis  griseo-fuscis.  An- 
(^'^  •I'iP'  tennis  nsque  rnediiim  valde  incrassatis  squamis  crcctis  projicientibus. 
^^  ^^/^     Exp.  aL.5.V-r,i  liu. 

Hairs  of  the  head  and  face  greyish-fuscous.      Antenn.'o  at  the  base 


ElPLOnAMlS.  23 

greyisli-fiisrous,  then  dark  fuscous,  riuich  thickeni'd  to  the  iiikhUe  with 
projecting-  scales.  Anterior  wings  grcyish-fuscous'or  clingy  ochreous, 
with  numerons  scattered  dark  fuscous  and  whitish  elevated  scales ; 
cilia  greyish-fuscous  or  dark  ochreons,  with  the  lips  dark  fuscons. 
Posterior  wings  purplish-fuscons  ;  the  iwtreuie  base  almost  Iransparent ; 
cilia  grey. 

This  variuble  species  is  in  some  meadows  extremely  abundant 
towards  the  end  of  July.  The  dirty-whitish  larva  feeds  inside  the 
stem  of  I)aef^/Ks  glomeratm  in  ^fay. 

2.  Bisontella,  Lienig  et  Zell.  fsis,  lSl-6,  p.  21\.  — Tanrella, 
Curt.;  llaw.  ?  Step.? — Vaccidella,  'iiw.  Alis  antieis  griseo-fuscis,  sa- 
turate-fusco  valdc  suffusis ;  alis  posticis  dilute  griscis,  vix  purpureo- 
tinctis,  ipsa  basi  hjalhia.  Capillis  saturate  ochreo-fuscis.  Antennls 
bas'nii  versus  srpiauiis  paulliduii)  incrassatls.     Exp.  al.  4o-5  lin. 

Hairs  of  the  head  and  face  dark  ochreous-fuscous.  Antenna'  dark 
fuscous,  towards  the  base  slUjhily  ihichened  vith  scales  (most  distinctly 
in  the  ?  ).  Anterior  wings  greyish-fuscous,  almost  entirely  sulfused 
•with  dark  fuscous  (in  the  ?  more  ochreons) ;  cilia  grcyish-fuseons, 
darkest  before  the  tips.  Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  with  a  slight  purple 
tinge,  at  the  extreme  base  transparent ;  cilia  jiale  grey. 

Occurs  in  grassy  places  among  fern  in  July,  at  Dartford  Heath, 
near  j\[auchcsler,  and  Torwood,  Stirlingshire. 

3.  Vacculella,  F.  v.  R.  Ent.  Ztg.  1813,  p.  213;  II. -S.  Tin. 
pi.  3G.  f.  247. — Tanrella,\l'y\h. —  Chenopodlella,  Sta.;  Step.  ?  Alis  antieis 
griseo-fuscis  vel  obscure-ochreis,  saturate  fusco-sutl'usis,/«sc/a  obsoleta 
saturatiore  pone  hiedluin,  in.  plica  ict  v/aci/la  disiinctiore ;  alis  posticis 
dilute-griseis,  vix  purpurco-tinctis,  din/idio  hasali  hijalino.  Capillis  sa- 
turate ochraeeo-fuseis.     Antennis  nan  incrassatis.     Exp.  al.  5.V  liii. 

Hairs  of  the  head  and  face  dark  ochreous-fuscous.  Antenna  dark 
fuscous,  not  thicJcened.  Anterior  wings  greyish-fuscous  or  dingy  ochre- 
ous, suffused  with  dark  fuscous,  and  beyond  the  middle  there  is  a  faint 
appearance  of  an  indistinct  dark  fascia,  of  which  at  any  rate  a  spot  on  the 
fold  is  visible ;  cilia  greyish-fuscous.  Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  with 
a  slight  purplish  tinge,  nearly  the  v)hole  of  the  basal  half  transparent ; 
ciha  greyish. 

A  rare  species,  found  in  houses  in  -July.  How  it  gets  there  is 
a  mvsterv  ! 


Genus  VL     EUPLOCAMUS.    ^-  ^  "  ^\ 

EuPLOC.VMLS,  Lat.  G.  C.  et  1.  iv.  223   (ISdH);   Step.;  Curt.;  Zell. 

Euplocamus  p.,  Dup.     Scardia  p.,  'J'reit. 
Caput  superne  ac  in  fronte  hirsutum.     Ocelli  nulli.     Antenn?c  crassi- 

uscidsD,  (^  pectinatrc  vel  piloso-fasciculatae.     Palpi  luaxillares  plicati, 


24  TIKEID.E. 

sex-art iculati.    Palpi  labiales  artlculo  secundo  infra  fasciculato-piloso, 
liltimo   tenni  adscmdente.      Ilaustelluin  breve.     Ate    auteriores :  e 
cellula  discoidali  vena3  4  in  marginem  costalem  prodeuut. 
Head  above   and  in  front  hairy.     Ocelli  none.     Antennre  shorter 

than  the  anterior  wings,  in  the  ^  either  pectinated  or  with  tnfts  of 

fine  hairs  (the  latter  is  the  case  in  the  only  British  species  known). 

Maxillary  palpi  folded,  six-jointed.     Lalnal  palj)!  with  tlie  second  joifit 

heneatlt  with  a  tuft  of  hair,  third  joint  dender,  erect.     Tongue  short. 

Wings  oblong,  with  rather  short  cilia.     From  the  discoidal  cell  of  the 

anterior  wings  four  veins  run  to  the  hinder  margin. 

In  tins  genus  occur  some  of  tlie  largest  species  of  Tinelna  ;  the 

only  one  yet  detected  in  the  country  is  however  of  moderate  size. 

The  larvffi  feed  in  fungi. 

1.  Boleti,  Fab.  E.  8.  iii.  2.  2G  (171)4) ;  Zell.  E.  Z.  1S4().  p.  178. 
—3Iedietta,0ch.;  Treit. ;  Step.;  Curt.  B.  E.  fo.  591 ;  li.-S.—Chora- 
ffetla,  W.  V.  ?  Alls  anticis  dilute  ochreis  fusco-nebulosis  saturate  fusco- 
punctatis,  nebula  basali  costai  plicam  taugente,  macula  costali  ei  con- 
tigua,  macula  costali  pone  medium,  cum  altera  majore  in  medio  dorsi 
fere  connexa,  maculisque  duabus  parvis  costalibus  apicem  versus  fus- 
cis,  punctis  quatuor  oblongis  disci  marginem  posticum  versus  satu- 
rate fuscis  :  citiis  saturate  fascis,  niucnlis  quatuor  dilute  ochreis.  Exp. 
al.  12  lin. 

Head  and  face  ochreous,  mixed  with  fuscous.  Palpi  pale  ochrcous, 
mixed  with  fuscous ;  terminal  joint  pale  ochreous,  with  a  ring  at  the 
base  and  another  before  the  apex,  dark  fuscous.  Autenntc  fuscous. 
Anterior  wings  pale  ochreous,  clouded  with  fuscous  and  spotted  with 
dark  fuscous ;  at  the  base  of  the  costa  is  a  large  fuscous  cloud 
reaching  to  the  fold,  immediately  beyond  it  is  a  fuscous  blotch  on  the 
costa,  and  beyond  the  middle  is  another  fuscous  blotch  on  the  costa, 
which  almost  app{;ars  connected  with  a  large  fuscous  blotch  on  the 
middle  of  the  inner  margin ;  on  the  costa  towards  the  apex  are  two 
small  fuscous  s])ots,  and  on  the  disc  before  the  hinder  margin  are  four 
oblong  dark  fuscous  spots  placed  on  the  nervurcs ;  cilia  dark  fuscous, 
with  four  pale  ochreous  patches ;  one  on  the  costa,  one  in  the  middle, 
and  one  at  the  bottom  of  the  hinder  margin,  and  the  fourth  at  the  anal 
angle.     Posterior  wings  rather  dark  fuscous,  with  paler  cilia. 

Not  connnon ;  occasionally  found  in  the  south  of  England. 
The  larva  feeds  in  fungi.     Tlie  perfect  insect  a])pears  in  July. 


Genus  VIl.     TINEA.  W-X-  lO 


a.-c- 


TiNF.A,  Zcll.  L.  E.  vi.  84  et  100  (1852);  Step.;  Curt.;  haiv.— Tinea 
}).,  Haw. ;  Hup. — Ti)iea  et  Scardia  p.,  Trcit. ;  Z(,'tt. 

Caput  superne  ei  in  fronte  hirsutum.     Ocelli  luilli.     Antennae  eras- 


I'lNE.V.  25 

^iusciilie,  J  ciliala.'.      I'iilpi  iiinxilhires  ])licati,  n-articiilati.      I'alpi  la- 

biales  cvliiulrici  pilosi,  artkidi  Hccundi  apice  supra  se/is  una  plnri- 

biisve  iiistruclo.     llaustclliun  subuuUum.     Ala;  auteriores  obloiig-o- 

ovata^,  raro  eloiiii'ata' ;  ponti-rion-s  ovatic  sfjuaiiiatre  toiige  c'dluta: ;  aii- 

terioiTs :  c  cellula  diseoidali  vciue  5  in  niargiuciu  coslalciu  i)i-o(lcuut. 

Head  above  and  in  iVont  hairy.     Ocelli  none.     Antennae  moderately 

thick,   not  so   lout;"  as  the  anterior  wings,  in  the  ^  slightly  ciliated. 

Maxillary  palpi  folded,  live-jointed.     Labial  palpi  cylindrio,  hairy,  the 

apex  of  llw  second  joiid  fitrnhlu'd aboce iv'dh  one  or  viore  bristles.    Tongue 

hardly  percejjtible.     Anterior  wings  oblong-ovate,  rarely  elongate  {T. 

iiifjripintclelUt) ;  posterior  ?ri/t//s  ovate,  cJutlied  ivitii  scales,  with  to)iij  citia. 

From  the  diseoi(hd  cell  of  the  anterior  wings  live  veins  riui  into  the 

eosta,  and  five  terminate  on  the  margins  below  the  apex. 

The  maxillary  ])al[)i  do  not  appear  lo  be  developed  in  CocJii/fi- 
deUa,  lAseUiella,  or  lugripunctelln ;  T.  Inselllelht  even  shows  a 
slight  diti'erciice  in  the  iieiiratiou  of  tlic  wings.  Tiio  small  species 
7'.  Ijistrigella,  etc.,  have  only /(>/'/  veins  from  the  discoidal  cell  to 
the  costa,  and  fmn'  others  tcrniinaiing  on  the  margins  below  the 
apex  of  the  anterior  wings. 

The  perfect  insects  of  this  genus  appear  in  summer,  those  which 
occur  in  houses  arct  liable  to  be  found  throughout  the  year ;  they 
fly  but  for  short  distances,  but  run  very  nimbly  and  keep  their 
auteniue  in  a  c()ntimu)ns  state  of  agitation.  Some  of  them  are 
gaily  coloured,  but  most  of  the  sj)ecies  generrdly  found  in  h()us(>s 
are  of  sombre  hues.  The  larva;  feed  on  various  kinds  of  sub- 
stances, cloth,  horse-hair,  feathers,  etc.,  cork,  fungi,  decayed  wood. 
Many  of  them,  hke  T.  jicUionella,  construct  portable  cases  in  which 
thc;y  reside,  cxserting  only  the  three  lirst  segments  for  the  pui'[)oso 
of  locomotion;  others,  like  T.  tapetzellu,  construct  covered  gal- 
leries of  the  substance  on  which  they  are  I'eeding,  thus  destroying 
much  more  than  they  actually  consume;  others,  like  T.  hisellieUa, 
do  not  construct  cases  nor  have  regular  galleries,  but  s])iu  to- 
gether portions  of  the  substance  they  arc  eating  for  the  purpose 
of  a  cocoon,  prej)aratory  to  assuming  the  pupa  state.  Those  wliich 
feed  on  fungi  ami  decayed  wood,  form  galleries  iu  the  solid  sub- 
stance, -which  they  line  with  silk. 

A  great  deal  has  been  wriiten  on  l]i!>sc  insects  with  a  view  of 
preventing  their  ravages,  but  hitherto  with  little  success.  A\  here 
they  once  gain  a  footing  it  is  very  dillicult  to  get  rid  of  them  ; 
and  I  have  myself  been  annoyed  by  T.  IjisellicUa  establishing 
itself  in  the  linings  of  sofa,  chairs,  etc.,  and  in  the  carpets.  An 
occasional  baking  of  the  fiuniture  will  hel[)  lo  keej)  their  nund)ers 
in  check. 

These  insects  became  known  from  their  ravages  at  a  very  early 

VOL.  III.  E 


26  tineid.t;. 

period,  and  are  on  several  occasions  mentioniid  in  Scripture. 
St.  James,  in  his  (ieneral  Epistle,  cliap.  v.  ver.  2,  says  "?/o/'r//ar- 
menfs  are  nwtli-eaten,"  thus  showing  a  similarity  of  habit,  pro- 
bably arising  from  the  same  species  as  those  we  still  suiter  from. 
Of  this  genus  we  have  thirty-one  species  in  this  country,  which 
may  be  arranged  in  the  following  table  (many  others  occur  on  the 
continent). 

a.  Anterior  wings  with  a  hyaline  spot  on  the  disc.     Species  1-4. 
a  a.  Anterior  wings  with  no  hyaline  spot  on  the  disc. 

b.  Anterior  wings  dark,  with  large  whitish  spots  on  the  costa  and 
inner  margin. 

c.  Large-sized  species.     Species  5. 

c  c.  Small-sized  species.     Species  17. 
(j  h.  Anterior  wings  with  the  basal  half  black,  apical  half  wliitisli. 

S})ecies  G. 
hhh.  Anterior  wings  whitish,  with  an  angulatcd  black  fascia.    Sp.  7. 
h  b  h  h.  Anterior  wings  pale,  with  a  dark  streak  or  streaks  from  the 

base.     Species  8  and  9. 
b  b  b  b  b.  Anterior  wings  with  a  motthd  appearance.    Species  10-16. 
b  b  b  b  b  b.  Anterior  wings  nearly  unicolorous,  with  a  i'i'<N  dark  spots 

on  the  disc.     Species  18-23. 
b  b  b  b  b  b  b.  Anterior  wings  ochreous. 

d.  Unicolorous.     Species  24  and  31. 

d  d.  With  a  dark  spot  at  the  anal  angle.     Species  27. 

d  d  d.  With  numerous  marginal  dark  spots.     Species  26. 
b  b  b  b  h  b  b  b.  Anterior  wings  unicolorous,  violet-brown.     Sp.  25. 
b  b  b  b  b  b  b  b  b.  Anterior  wings  dark,  with  pale  fascire  or  transverse 

spots.      Small  species.      Species  28-30. 

1.  imella,  lliib.  3U7  (1816);  Zcll. ;  Dup. ;  H.-S.  Alls  anticis 
nitidis  tuscis,  squamis  s})arsis  dilute  ochreis,  costa  ipsa  apicein  versus 
dilute  oclirea,  macula  disci  fere  in  medio  pallida.     Exp.  al.  6j  lin. 

Head  and  face  ochreous.  I'alpi  pale  ochreous.  Antennre  fuscous. 
Anterior  wings  shining  fuscous,  with  a  few  pale  ochreous  scales,  the 
extreme  costa  from  before  the  middle  to  near  the  apex  pale  ochreous ;  on 
the  disc  nearly  in  the  middle  is  a  snudl  pale  spot ;  cilia  fuscous,  at  the 
anal  angle  pale  ochreous.  Posterior  wings  pale  greyish-fuscous,  with 
greyish-ochrcous  cilia. 

A  scarce  species ;  appearing  in  June  and  August. 

2.  ferruginella,  Iliib.  348  (181 G);  Treit. ;  Dup.;  7.v\\.—splcn- 
della,  Hiib. — nstella^  Haw.;  Step. — ohviella,  VV.  Y.? — niendicella,  Hiil).? 
A  lis  anticis  saturate  fuscis,  vix  purpurasccnte  tinctis,  posticc  griseo- 
oeliri'o  irroratis,  dorso  dilute  ochreo,  maeula  disci,  [)aullo  post  medium, 
albida.      Kxp.  al.  5^  lin. 

Head  and  face  pale  ochreous.  Palpi  pale  greyish-ochrcous.  An- 
femicC  dark  fuscous.     Anterior  wings  dark  fuscous,  with  a  shght  pur- 


plisli  tinge,  posteriorly  irrorated  with  pale  grcyish-ochrcons ;  tlio  untcr 
margin,  nearbj  to  the  fold,  pale  ochrvoiis ;  on  the  disc,  a  little  beyond  the 
middle,  is  a  whitish  spot;  cilia  <fr{>yisli-oehreous,  varied  with  I'nscous. 
Posterior  wings  whitisii-grey,  towards  tlie  apex  ihu-ker,  with  [)ah'r 
cilia. 

A^ot  uncommon;  the  perfect  insect  u^jpcaring  in  June,  July, 
and  October;  found  abundantly  in  1S49  by  Mr.  Scott,  in  a  coal- 
mine near  Glasgow. 

3.  rusticella,  Iliib.  339  (ISIG);  Treit. ;  Dap.;  'M\.—sntnrella, 
Haw. — vetitiaitclld,  Ste]).  —  UcclgcUa,  W.  V.?  Alis  anticis  saturate 
griseo-fuscis,  vix  purpurascenti;  tinetis,  dilute  oehrco  irroratis,  uiaeula 
disci  ante  medium  dilute  oehreo.     Exp.  al.  G-8  liii. 

Head  and  lace  oehreous.  Palpi  pale  ochreous ;  second  joint  ex- 
ternally, and  the  basal  halt  of  the  terminal  joint  dark  fuscous.  vVntenuiO 
greyish-fuscous.  Anterior  wings  dark  greyish-fuscous,  with  a  very 
iaint  purplish  tinge,  iiTorated  with  pale  ochreous,  with  a  pale  ochreous 
spot  on  the  disc,  near  the  costa  before  the  middle ;  cilia  pale  ochreous, 
somewhat  varied  with  fuscous.  Posterior  wings  i)ale  grey,  with  paler 
cilia. 

A  ratlier  common  species  in  houses,  outhouses,  etc.  j\ir. 
Weaver  has  taken  several  specimens  of  a  variety  (?)  \\ilh  tui 
ochreous  spot  at  the  anal  angle  running  into  the  cilia;  these  he 
found  in  fir-woods,  Perthshire. 

4.  monachella,  lliii).  143  (ISOl);  Treit.;  Sta. ;  'LW.—nwdk'lla, 
Fab.  ?  Alis  antieis  saturate  fuscis,  vtacnht  curtail  mcujaa  allja,  dorsum 
versHH  indc'iitata,  puuetis  minutis  apicem  versus  albis.    Exp.  al.  5.V  lin. 

Head  and  face  white.  Paljji  white;  second  joint  externally  dark 
fuscous.  Antenuaj  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  rather  dark  fusc'ous,  irith 
a  large  irregular  icli'tte  blotch  on  the  coda,  extending  from  before  the 
middle  to  the  apex,  reaching  half  across  tlu;  wing,  but  with  a  rounded 
indentation  in  its  side  towards  the  inner  margin;  the  base  of  the  costa, 
and  the  margin  of  this  white  blotch,  are  dark  purplish-fuseous ;  towards 
the  apex  of  the  wing  are  some  small  white  spots  ;  cilia  dark  purplish- 
fuscous.     Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Occurs  in  the  Cambridgeshire  fens ;  api)earing  in  May  and 
August. 

5.  fulvimitrella,  Sod.  Pull.  N.  M.  1S30.  74.  pi.  I.  f.  fi  ;  Treit. ; 
Dup.  xi.  pi.  312.  t.  1  ;  Zell.;  II. -S. — r/<pella,lli\\v.;  t^le|). — Bohemanelta, 
Zett.  Alis  anticis  mturale  purpureo-J'mcis,  iiiaciilis  qiiuttior  conspicuis 
alhidh,  diiabus  dorsi,  duabus  coda',  s(|uamis  sparsis  disei  albidis.  Exp. 
al.  8  lin. 

Head  and  face  bright  ochreous.  Palpi  j)ale  ochreous  ;  second  joint 
externally  and  the  base  of  the  tcrniinal  joint  dark  fuscous.  Antemia; 
dark  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  dark  pHrplkh-fim-om,  with  four  coin^pi- 
cuous  tc/iilidt  spots,  of  wliieh  ticu,  somewhat  triangular,  on  the  ii/ner 


28  TINEID.E. 

margin  (one  near  the  bas(\  the  otlier  a  little  heyoud  tlie  middle),  and 
two  obliquely  bcyoucl  them  on  the  coda,  of  wliieli  the  first  is  rather 
small,  pointing  posteriorly ;  the  second  is  larger,  pointing  towards  the 
anal  angle ;  on  the  disc  are  sevcu'al  scattered  whitish  scales ;  cilia  dark 
pnrplish-l'useous,  the  tij)  of  the  apex  whitish,  and  frequently  some 
patches  at  the  extremity  of  the  hinder  margin  whitish.  Posterior  wings 
greyish-iHirple,  with  paler  cilia. 

Occasionally  met  with  on  the  trunks  of  trees  in  June. 

G.  tapetzella,  Lin.  S.  N.  536.  253  (175S);  CI.;  Fab. ;  lliib. 
Tin.  'Jl;  Haw.;  Treit. ;  ^tep. ;  Dup. — fapezana.  Fab.;  Lat. — tape- 
tidla,  Zell.  Alls  anticis  dhnldlo  basaJl  nigro,  aplcali  alho  griseo-nebu- 
loso,  puncto  minuto  ad  angulum  analera,  puuctis(|ue  duobus  apicis 
nigris.     Exp.  al.  9  lin. 

Head  and  face  white.  Palpi  white ;  second  joint  externally  dark 
fuscous.  Antennas  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  hlaclx  from  lite  base  to  the 
middU',  then  n-h'de ;  on  the  inner  margin  the  black  terminates  very 
abruptly  a  little  before  the  middle;  on  the  costa,  where  it  is  continued 
furthei",  the  termination  is  less  abrupt;  the  apical  portion  of  the  wing 
is  clouded  with  dark  grey,  and  there  is  a  small  black  spot  at  the  anal 
angle,  and  two  or  three  at  the  apex  of  the  wing ;  cilia  whitish,  at  the 
apex  dark  grey.     Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  with  whitish-grey  cilia. 

A  common  s])ecies,  frequently  occurring  in  carriages,  the  larva 
feeding  on  the  lining  under  a  gallery  constructed  from  the  lining; 
tlie  perfect  insect  a[)pears  in  June  and  July. 

7.  arcellajFab.  G.  t.  295  (1776) ;  Schr. ;  'Ml'-niveetJa,  Fab.— 
rcpandella,  \V\\h. ;  Dnj).  xi.  pi.  289.  f.  9. — clciuatm.  Haw. — clemaMla, 
Step.;  Fab.?  Alis  antieis  albis  puncto  dorsi  basali,  stria  cost/c  basnii, 
fascia  media  latiiisrida  aiigulafa,  punctisque  duobus  costie  apicem  versus 
salnrate  fnscis.     Exp.  al.  6^  lin. 

Head  and  face  white.  Palpi  white;  second  joint  beneath  grey. 
Anteun;e  greyish-fuscous.  Anterior  wings  white;,  with  a  small  spot  at 
the  base  of  the  inner  margin,  and  a  costal  streati  at  the  tjose  darli  fus- 
cous, in  tlie  middle  is  a  moderately  broad  mignJated  darJx  fuscous  fascia 
(the  angulation  is  near  the  costa  and  is  rather  produced  posteriorly  on 
the  disc)  ;  on  the  costa  before  the  apex  are  two  dark  fuscous  si)ots,  and 
the  apical  portion  of  the  wing  has  several  fuscous  clouds  ;  cilia  whitish, 
at  the  extreme  apex  fuscous.      Posterior  wings  grey,  with  ])aler  cilia. 

Not  rare  in  the  south  of  England;  it  is  probably  double- 
brooded;  I  have  mel  with  it  in  old  hedges  in  June,  July,  and 
August. 

S.  picarella,  Pin.  V.  S.  13S9  (L761);  C\.—Iiigai'tla,  Sod.;  Treit.; 
¥A-cr^.—h'iga//etta,  H. -S.Tin,  pl.-l-t.f.  299;  Zell.— V/r'mV/«,  Treit.  Alis 
anticis  nWn?,  vitia  loiigitiidiuali  ex  fmsi  juxla  costam,  jiostici;  i)auHulum 
curvata,  in  apircin  desini  nt«  nigra,  maculis  parvis  dorsum  v(  rsus  nigris 
Ex]).  al.  7.1  lin. 


Head,  iacc,  and  palpi  white,  or  uliiti^Ii.  Anteniite  jiale  fiiseous. 
Anterior  wiiij;s  wliite,  ifilh  a  I/lack  drcak  front  ilw  banc  iwur  lla-  cunta, 
coiil  I  lilted,  with  a  sliiilit  curve  beyond  the  middle,  lo  lite  (tpex ;  on  the 
costa  before  the  middle  are  two  small  white  s])ots,  and  bt'vond  the 
middle  is  a  lari;er  triauii'ular  w  hite  spot,  in  which,  on  the  extreme  costa, 
are  three  or  four  small  black  spots;  at  the  base,  on  the  inner  margin, 
is  an  irregular  black  s])ot  ])oiuling  njiwards,  beyond  it  are  three  small 
l)lack  spots  oblicpiely  placed  ;  one  on  the  inner  margin,  one  below,  and 
one  above  the  fold  ;  a  small  black  spot  lies  on  the  inner  margin  before 
the  annl  angle,  and  above  the  anal  angle  is  an  f)blong;  black  streak 
along  the  hinder  margin  ;  cilia  while,  varied  with  dark  fuscous  or  black. 
Posterior  wings  rather  dark  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

A  siiiiiie  specimen  of  this  conspicuous  insect  is  in  Mr.  Edie- 
ston's  collection. 

!).  arcuatella,  Sta. — picareUa,  lliib.  Tin.  219;  Treit. ;  Dnp. ; 
Zett. ;  Kvi'rs.  ;  II. -S.;  Zell.  Alis  anticis  albidis,  fusccscente  sulfnsis, 
slr'iis  di'./thns  ex  basi  saturate  fuscis,  altera  dorsum  versus  pone  medium 
desinente,  aUera  cosluui.  versit-s  ante  vieducni-  desiiieiile,  macula  costali 
pone  medium  cum  stria  disci  conllueute,  saturate  fusca.  Exp.  al.  I)^ 
lin. 

Head,  iace,  and  palpi  pale  ochreous.  Antenna)  grey.  Anterior 
wings  whitish,  much  sull'uscd  with  pale  fuscous  with  tivo  dark  J'ii-scohs 
streaks  from  the  base,  one  rather  sinnated  almost  in  the  fold  terminat- 
ing beyond  (he  middle,  the  other  near  the  coda  tcritihiatiiifj  Ijefore  the 
'middle ;  on  the  costa,  beyond  the  middle,  is  a  dark  fuscous  spot,  below 
which  is  a  dark  fuscous  streak  on  the  disc  which  is  prolonged  in  a  curved 
direction  and  terminates  on  the  costa  before  the  apex  ;  hindiu"  margin 
spotted  with  dark  fuscous;  cilia  alternately  white  and  fuscous.  Pos- 
terior wings  greyish-fuscous,  with  paler  cilia. 

Several  specimens  have  been  taken  at  llannoch,  in  Pcrflisliire, 
in  the  summer,  by  ]\Ir.  Ilodgkinsou  and  jNTr.  AVeaver.  Tlic  larva 
feeds  in  fuugi  in  September. 

10.  corticella,  Curl.  15.  E.  lb.  oil  (1S34) ;  Zell.  (L.  Iv  \\)—cinor- 
tuella,  Zell.  (Isis  ISiJO). — (jranetla,  var.,  Dup. — concu^t^ella,\\\'^^.'1 — 
cloacella,  Il.-S.?  Alis  anticis  albidis,  fusccscente  pauUuluni  snffusis, 
punctis  par\  is  costa-  !•  vel  5  saturate  I'useis,  tria)i(/ido  iti.  medio  dorai 
ochreo-fiisco  (apice  suo  supra  dorsum),  ]naiclis  minoribus  dorsi  mar- 
ginis(pie  postici  saturate  fuscis;  capiltis  albi.s.      \']\\).  al.  7?,-  lin. 

Head  and  face  ichite.  I'alpi  internally  wjiitish,  externally  dark 
fuscous;  tip  of  the  ternunal  joint  entirely  whitish.  Antenuie  pale 
grey.  Anterior  wings  wiiitish,  rather  sull'nscd  with  ])ale  fuscous,  es- 
pecially towards  the  costa ;  along  the  costa  are  several  small  dark 
fuscous  spots,  of  which  the  largest  is  rather  beyond  the  middle  ;  nearly 
opposite,  oti  the  middle  of  the  inner  manjin,  standintj  on  its  a/ie.v,  is  an 
ochreoKs-fiisroii-s  trianfjiilar  spot ;  on  tiie  inner  margin  towards  the  bast- 
is  frequently   a  dark  fuscous  spot,  and  tiiere   is  another  at  the  anal 


30  TINEID.E. 

angle ;  liindei-  inargiu  interruptedly  dark  fuscous ;  cilia  ochrcous-fus- 
cous,  with  some  whitish  patches.  Posterior  wings  dark  greyish-fuscous, 
with  paler  cilia. 

Not  common ;  the  perfect  insect  appears  in  May  and  August. 
The  Ira-vre  were  found  by  Mr.  Thomas  Desvignes  in  fungi  on  the 
hornbeams  in  Epping  Porest  in  June  and  July. 

11.  parasitella,  Hub.  Tin.  10(1801);  Haw.;  Treit. ;  Step.; 
Dup. ;  Evers. ;  H.-S. ;  Zell. — {curpiudella,  Sta.  Cat.)  Alis  anticis 
albidis,  saturate-fusco  marmomtis,  punctis  quatuor  vel  quinque  cost;ie 
saturate  fuscis,  secundo  ante,  et  quarto  ])one  medium  cum  puncto  dor- 
sali  saturate-fusco  connexis,  margine  postico  apiceque  costtc  saturate- 
fusco-punctatis ;  capilUs  ocJirtis.     Exp.  al.  9  lin. 

Head  and  face  ochreous.  Palpi  internally  pale  ochrcous,  externally 
dark  fuscous ;  tip  of  the  terminal  joint  entirely  pale  ochreous.  An- 
temaa3  greyish-fuscous.  Anterior  wings  whitish,  cheqwred  and  spotted 
with  dark  fuscous  ;  along  the  costa  are  four  or  live  dark  fuscous  spots, 
one  at  the  base,  one  before  the  middle  connected  across  the  wing  with 
a  dark  fuscous  spot  on  the  middle  of  the  inner  margin,  one  nearly  in 
the  middle,  one  beyond  the  middle  likwise  connected  with  the  spot  on 
the  middle  of  the  iinier  margin,  and  also  with  a  spot  at  the  anal  angle ; 
the  hinder  margin  and  apex  of  the  eosta  are  spotted  with  dark  fuscous; 
cilia,  at  first  fuscous,  the  ends  pale  ochreous,  interrupted  by  four  fus- 
cous patches.  P(wterior  wings  dark  grey,  with  a  slight  purple  tint, 
with  dark  grey  cilia. 

Not  an  uncommon  species ;  the  perfect  insect  appears  in  May 
and  June.  Tlie  kxrva  feeds  on  fungi  (and  decayed  wood  ?)  during 
the  winter. 

12.  Granella,  Lim  S.  N.  537.  259  (1758);  W.  V.;  Fab.; 
Iliib.  Tin.  1G5  ;  Haw.;  Treit.:  Step.;  Dup.;  Zell.  Alis  anticis  r/ZZiis, 
maculis  numerosis  saturate-fuseis  nigrisve,  quarum  septem  costte  {una 
basall  pllcaui  tanyente  et  supra  earn  produda,  una  abbreviata  ante,  una 
majore  pone  medium,  maculis  quatuor  eostaa  apicem  versus  minoribus), 
macula  parva  dorsi  juxta  basim,  alteraque  majoi-e  jilicaj  ante  mediujn 
satiu'ate  fuscis;  caplllls  albls,  aUndlsve.     Exp.  al.  ■l'^-7  lin. 

Head  and  face  white,  or  ickitlsh.  Palpi  white;  second  joint  exter- 
nally i'uscous.  Antenna;  fuscous.  ^Viiterior  wings  white,  with  numerous 
dark  i'uscous  ahnost  black  spots,  of  wliich  seven  are  on  the  costa ;  the 
first  at  the  base  reaching  to  the  fold  and  rather  produced  along  it,  the 
second  belbre  the  middle  and  rather  short,  the  third  and  largest  beyond 
the  middle  jjrolouged  obliquely  aiul  reaching  half  across  the  wing,  the 
fourth  and  lli'th  are  very  small,  the  sixth  is  generally  connected  with 
the  seventh  which  lies  in  the  apex  of  the  wing;  on  the  imier  margin 
near  the  basi;  is  a  snuiU  dark  fuscous  spot,  and  a  larger  one  hes  on  the 
fold  before  the  middle  ;  cilia  dark  fuscous,  varied  with  white.  Pos- 
terior wings  grcyibh-l'uscous,  with  pah;  grey  cilia. 


IINKA.  31 

This  i)('niilii'ul  insect  is  Jihundaiit  in  granaries  (thronghont  the 
gh)be?);  the  larva  is  statcul  to  reside  in  a  case  connecting  several 
grains  of  corn  together  by  means  of  its  silken  threads;  its  ravages 
have  been  most  observed  in  September  and  October  (but  I  think 
a  second  brood  feeding  in  July  extremely  probable) ;  the  perfect 
insect  appears  in  June. 

U.  cloacella.  Haw.  L.  B.  563  (1829);  Step.;  yA\.—p-aHella,  var., 
l)u|).  xi.  pi.  ~S'.i.  f.  13  et  If.  Alls  auticis  all)ido-oehreis,  fusccscente 
pauUuUnn  sull'usis,  inacuUs  conspiciioribus  {'osta;  saturate  fuscis  tribus 
{lo/a  basfili  plicam  nou  tatujculc,  una  ab!)rcviata  ante  medium,  nlli'va 
eloiuj(da  cum  slria  lo)i(jUadinaH  disci  co/incxa,  poue  medium)  maculis 
(luabus  parvis,  tertiaquc  majore  apicem  versus ;  macula  plicae  ante  me- 
dium saturate  fusca,  margiue  postico  iiiterrupte  saturate  fusco ;  cajnllis 
c/iliile-ochrcis.     Exp.  al.  6.V  lin. 

Ilerid  and  fuce  j?ale  oclireoun.  Palpi  wliitisli ;  second  joint  externally 
fuscous.  Antennae  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  uhitish-ochreous,  some- 
what sutfused  with  pale  fuscous,  and  with  several  dark  fuscous  spots, 
of  which,  three  on  the  costa  are  very  conspicuous,  oin'  at  iJw  base  not 
rcnclihiij  to  the  fold,  a  short  one  before  the  middle,  and  a  nomncliat  elon- 
ijolcd  one.  binjond  Ihe  tniddle  connected  with  a  loiKjitudinal  streak  on  tJie 
disc,  beyond  this  are  two  smaller  fuscous  spots,  and  a  larger  dark  fuscous 
spot  lies  towards  the  apex  ;  on  the  fold  before  the  middle  is  a  dark  fus- 
cous spot ;  the  hinder  margin  is  interruptedly  dark  fuscous  ;  cilia  dark 
fuscous,  with  pale  ochrcous  patches.  Posterior  wings  dark  grey,  with 
a  slight  ])urplish  tinge,  with  paler  cilia. 

Abundant  througliout  the  country,  frerpienting  old  liedgerows 
in  May  and  August.  The  larva  feeds  in  fungi  and  decayed  wood, 
aiut  })robably  does  not  do  us  any  mischief. 

It.  ruricolella,  Sta.  Cat.  p.  7  (1819). — (jraiiella,  var.,  Dup.  xi. 
pi.  28u.  f.  12. — cloacella,  var.  h.,  Zell.  Alis  antieis  griseo-ochreis,  ma- 
culis saturate  fuscis,  tribus  costa:;  conspicuoribus,  una  bnsali  plicam 
noH  tantjente,  una  ante  medium,  altera  majore  pone  medium  in  disco 
postice  vo)t  producta,  macula  plicae  ante  medium  saturate  fusca,  margine 
postico  a])icecpic  costiu  saturate  fusco-punctatis ;  capiUis  dilute  ochreis. 
Ex  J),  al.  5i-Ci  lin. 

Head  and  face /i«/e  ochreoiis.  Palpi  whitish  ;  second  joint  externally 
fuscous.  Antennas  pale  grey.  Anterior  wings  greyish-ochrcous,  with 
dark  fuscous  spots,  of  which  three  on  the  costa  are  conspicuous,  one  at 
the  base  not  reachhuj  to  the  fold,  one  before  the  middle,  and  a  larger 
one  beyond  the  middle  reaching  nearly  half  across  the  wing,  bat  not 
produced posteriorUj  on  the  disc ;  on  the  fold  betbre  the  middle  is  a  dark 
fuscous  spot ;  hinder  margin  and  apex  of  the  costa  interruptedly  dark 
fuscous;  cilia  fuscous,  interrupted  with  pale  ochrcous  j)atches.  Pos- 
terior wings  grey,  with  a  slight  purplish  tinge,  with  paler  cilia. 

Occurs  in  the  same  places  and  at  the  same  tinu's  as  the  ])reeed- 


32  TINE  ID. T 

ing  {T.  cloiicc//n),  of  which  it  is  perhaps  only  a  variety.     The  dis- 
covery of  the  hirva  inust  decide  this  point. 

15.  Gochylidellaj  u.  sp.  Alis  auticis  griseo-ochreis,  paiilhihiiu 
fusco-suifusis,  nebula  hi  medio  iMcce.  albkla,  in  qua  tnnc.rda  ciirvfdd  fasca 
ex  medio  domi,  nebula  obsoletiore  disci  pone  medium  albida,  macvda  ab- 
breviata  costa?  pauUo  post  medium,  ct  margiue  postieo  apiceipic  costie 
saturate  fuscis.     Exp.  al.  6  lin. 

Head  and  face  pale  yellowish.  Palpi  pale  grey.  Anteniiai  fuscous. 
iVntcrior  wings  greyish-ochrcouSj  slightly  siift'used  with  fuscous,  with  a 
v)liilish  blotch  ill  the  middle  of  the  fold,  interrupted  ij;/  a  dark  fuscous 
curved  spot  from,  the  middle  of  the  iiuier  margin  (like  the  typical  mark- 
ing of  a  CoeJiylis);  on  the  disc  beyond  the  middle  is  another  indistinct 
whitish  spot,  and  on  the  costa  a  little  beyond  the  middle  is  a  rather 
short  dark  fuscous  spot ;  hinder  margin  and  apex  of  the  costa  dark 
fuscous ;  cilia  ]xile  greyish-ochreous.  Posterior  wings  rather  dark  grey, 
with  the  ciha  a  little  paler. 

A  single  specimen  in  the  collection  of  ^Ir.  Douglas,  taken  by 
him  near  Sanderstead  in  June,  185£. 

IG.  albip^nctella,  Haw.  L.  B.  .5G1.  (1829);  Step.;  Sta. ;  Zell. 
Alis  anticis  nitidis  saturate  fuscis,  puuctis  numerosis  albidis,  duobus 
costal  ante,  tribns  costre  pone  medium,  uno  dorsi  ante,  duobus  sa^pe 
connexis  dorsi  pone  medium,  atomis  disci  sparsis  albidis;  capillis  al- 
bidis.    Exp.  al.  5  hn. 

Head  and  hice  whitish.  Palpi  whitish  ;  second  joint  externally  fus- 
cous. Antenn;n  pale  fuscous,  Anterior  wings  shining,  darlc  fuscous, 
with  luuncrous  whitish  spots,  of  which  two  are  on  the  costa  befoi'e  the 
middle,  and  three  or  lour  on  the  costa  beyond  the  middle,  one  on  the 
inner  margin  before  the  middle,  and  two  l)eyond  the  middle  frequently 
united ;  on  the  disc  are  several  whitish  atoms ;  cilia  dark  fuscous, 
with  two  whitish  jiatchcs.  Posterior  wings  greyish-fuscous,  with  paler 
cilia. 

Scarce;  occurs  in  June  at  llurstpierpoiut,  Sussex;  taken  by 
Mr.  Weir. 

17.  Caprimulgella,  (v.  lleyd.)  Sta.  Supp.  Cat.  p.  2  (1851); 
II. -8.  Tin.  })l.'tl.  f.  o0.3  ;  Zell.  Alis  anticis  saturate  violacco-fuscis,  fascia 
suboldiciua  ante  medium,  dorsum  versus  latiore,  et  maculiscostce  dorsique 
dilute  luteis.      i^Ixp.  al.  5o  lin. 

Head  and  face  dark  ochreous.  Palpi  pale  grey.  Antenn;e  dark 
fuscous.  Anterior  wings  dark  violet-fuscous,  vnth  pale  yellowish  spots 
on  the  costa  and  iinier  margin,  of  which  the  lirst  is  a  spot  on  the  inner 
margin  near  the  base,  then  follows  a  rather  oblique  fascia  before  the 
middle,  broadest  on  the  inner  margin ;  beyond  arc  two  small  spots  at 
the  costa  and  one  at  the  anal  angle ;  cilia  dark  greyish-purple.  Pos- 
terior wings  grey,  with  grey  cilia. 

A  scarce  species;    I   have  seen   only  three    I'rilish  si)ecimcus, 


TINEA.  33 

one  of  which  was  taken  by   .Mr.   ^\  ilkinsoii,  on  a   paling   near 
Hackuey,  iu  July;   the  larva  feeds  in  decayed  wood  {v.  lleyden). 

18.  misella,  ZcU.  Isis,  1839,  p.  ISi;  II.-S.  Tin.  41.  f.  277.— 
KnocJx-'u'Ihi,  Sla. ;  lliib.  ?  Alls  aiitieis  bdco-brnnncls,  Jatencenie  luannora- 
iis,  macula  distincta  disci  pouc  lucdiuni  saturate  fusca,  iuterdvun  macula 
elongata  obsoleta  in  nu^dio  plicie  saturate  I'usea,  ciliis  I'uscis  dilulc- 
ochrco  maculatis;  tills  iwst'ms  <^\iseis,  p/a-jjnreo-f metis.  Exp.  al.  0-7  lin. 

Head  and  face  ochreous-i'uscous.  ral|)i  pale  grey,  externally  fuscous. 
Antenna?  fuscous.  Anterior  wiiig-s  ycliow'iali-bt'own,  hiarlilcd  loilk  pale 
yellow,  with  a  distinct  dark  fuscous  spot  on  the  disc  beyond  the  middle, 
and  frequently  an  elongate  dark  fuscous,  rather  obsolete  spot  in  the 
middle  of  the  fold ;  cilia  alternately  fuscous  and  pale  ochreous.  Pos- 
terior wings  grey,  wit/i  a  purple  gloss ;  cilia  grey. 

Not  commou;  the  perfect  insect  ajjpcars  in  June  and  August. 
I  have  met  with  it  in  old  hedges. 

1!).  fuscipunctella.  Haw.  L.  T5.  .502  (1S29) ;  Step.  ;  Sta. ;  H.-S. 
Tin.  [1-.  f.  •.m).—sprcl('lla  (rSta.)  ;  Zell.  ;  \\.  \ .'^—fnsrella,  Linn.? 
Alis  anticis  dilnle  (jriseo-J'iiscls,J'i(sco  rahle  siijl'ims,  macula  dorsi  basim 
versus,  punctis  tribus  disci  saturate  fuscis,  ciliis  cosIiiHIjhs  fn.scls  dilnle- 
ochrt'O  varicgatis,  margiuis  postici  dilute  grisco-oehreis ;  alis  poslicis  ci- 
nereis.     Exp.  al.  6-7  i  lin. 

Head  and  face  oehreous-fuscous.  I'alpi  pale  ochreous,  externally 
fuscous.  Antenna;  fuscous.  Antcirior  wings  pale  gregish-ochreous,  much 
sujl'ased  willi  fuscous,  with  a  dark  fuscous  l)lotch  on  the  inner  margin 
near  the  base,  and  a  spot  on  the  disc,  one  rather  posterior  to  it  on  tlic 
fold,  before  the  middle,  and  a  larger  spot  on  the  disc  beyond  the  mid- 
dle dark  fuscous  ;  cilia,  at  the  apex  of  the  costa  fuscous,  varied  with  pale 
ochreous ;  at  the  hinder  margin  pale  greyish-ochreous,  with  a  dark  fus- 
cous line.     Posterior  wings  whitish-greg,  with  paler  cilia. 

IS'ot  uncommon  in  houses;  jn'obably  a  general  feeder,  I  have 
bred  it  from  dry  peas;  the  perfect  insect  appears  iu  June  and 
S(;ptcmber. 

20.  pellionella,  Limi.  S.  N.  5315.  251   (1758);  Fab.;   Hiib.  15; 
Haw.;   Treit.  ;   ^Step.  ;   Dup.  ;   ZcU.;   \i.-^.—sarcilella,L\\\n.'^—Zoole-  (Jj' "V"   /'It. 
gella,  Scop.?     Alis  anticis  griseo-ochreis,  punetis  tribus  disci  obsoletis  ^ 

fuscis,  macula  dorsi  basim  versus  obsoletiore,  ciliis  dilute  griseo-ochreis ; 
alis  poslicis  ciuereis.     Exp.  al.  5?,-Gj  lin. 

Head  and  face  ochreous,  slightly  mixed  with  fuscous.  Palpi  and  an- 
tcnmc  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  gregish-ochreous,  v.ith  three  rather  ob- 
solete fuscous  spots,  one  on  the  disc,  and  one  rather  beyond  it  on  the 
fold  before  the  middle,  and  one  on  the  disc  beyond  the  middle;  there 
is  sometimes  a  faint  dark  spot  on  the  inner  margin  near  the  base;  cilia 
vnicolorous,  pale  gregish-ochreous.  Fosterior  tciugs  whilish-greg,  with 
whitish-ochreous  cilia. 

An  abundant  species  in  houses,  found  nearly  throughout  the 

vol,.    111.  V 


34  TINEIDiE. 

year;  the  larva  constructs  a  portable  case  of  the  substance   on 
which  it  is  feeding;  it  ap[)ears  very  partial  to  feathers. 

21.  pallescentella,  Sta.  Sup.  Cat.  p.  2  (1851).  AHs  anticis  ci- 
nereis,  sfriis  dnabus  ex  basi  (altera  abbreviata  costam  versus,  altera  eloii- 
gata  plica?)  f/iscis,  punctis  chiobus  pone  medium  disci  albis.  Exp.  al.  7 
liii. 

"  Like  a  large  FelUoneUa,  but  itutJi  two  brown  streals  from  the  base 
of  the  wing ;  one  along  the  costa,  which  soon  ceases,  the  other  in  the 
fold  extending  nearly  to  the  anal  angle ;  beijoud  the  trdddle  are  some 
brown  scales  on  the  disc,  and  among  them  two  white  spots,  having  an 
ocellated  appearance;  ciha  pale  cinereous,  with  some  brown  scales 
round  the  extreme  apex  of  tiie  wing." 

Tlie  above  description  is  copied  from  my  Sup,  Cat. ;  not  having 
had  an  opportunity  of  again  examiniug  this  species,  of  which  I 
believe  two  or  three  other  specimens  have  occurred  in  Liverpool. 

22.  flavescentella.  Haw.  L.  B.  56-1  (1S29);  Step.  Mis  an- 
ticis di/nte  ochreis  fii.sfo-irroratls,  punctis  tribus  (Hsci  saturate;  fuscis, 
basique  costre  saturate  fusca.     Exp.  al.  5^  liii. 

Head  and  face  pale  ochreous.  Palpi  pale  ochreous,  externally  fuscous. 
Antenna?  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  pale  ochreous,  dusted  tvith  fuscous, 
with  three  dark  fuscous  spots,  one  on  the  disc,  one  beyond  it  on  the 
fold  before  the  middle,  and  one  on  the  disc  beyond  the  middle ;  the 
extreme  base  at  the  costa  is  dark  fuscous ;  ciba  pale  ochreous.  Pos- 
terior wings  pale  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

In  the  collections  of  Mr.  Shepherd  and  Mr.  Curtis;  I  have 
only  seen  two  specimens. 

23.  Lapella,  Iliib.  Tin.  232   {l^^)l). —Lappella,  Haw.;    Step.; 
(PC-    3^         Dup. ;  11. -S. — tripuitctella,  Don. — t/auoii/ella,  Treii. ;  Zell.      Alls  anti- 

i,N|t::,C         cis  dilute  ochreis,  posticc  griscscentc  sulfusis,  coste  basim  versus  saturate 
fusca,  pnncto  ovato  jiUca,  puncto  parco  disci  ante  iiiediuni,  punctoque  ro- 
(Pf  TvT   '^      tundo  disci  jmie  iiiediuiii  nif/ris,  squauns  paucis  dorsi,  angulum  analem 
vl-Ji  versus  nigris.     Exp.  al.  7-7L^  lin. 

Head  and  face  hright  yellowish.  Palpi  dark  fuscous  ;  terminal  joint 
pale  yellowish.  Antenn;x!  dark  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  pale  ochreous, 
rather  sutl'uscd  with  pale  grey  towards  the  a])ex  ;  the  basal  half  (f  the  costa 
darh  fuscous ;  on  the  fold  before  the  middle  is  an  oval  black  spot,  above 
which,  OH  the  disc,  is  a  smaller  black  spot,  and  beijond  the  middle  of  the 
disc  is  a  round  blacli  spot ;  there  are  a  few  black  scales  on  the  inner 
margin  a  little  l)eforc  the  anal  angle;  cilia  ochreous.  Posterior  wings 
grey,  with  a  slight  })urple  gloss,  with  pale  gn^vish-purple  cilia. 
Not  uncommon  in  okl  hedges,  in  May  and  August. 

(TV,   -j^  ,  24.  biselliella,  Hummel,  Ess.  Ent.  3.  13.  p.  6-13  (1823) ;  Zell. ; 

,'  H.-S. — crinrlla,  Treit.  ;    Pup.  ;  Zett. — destructor,  ^ic\).—flavifrontelta, 

lO      ~  \\.  Y.?;    I^'al).  ?     Alls  anticis  nitidis  dilute  oct/reis  im/i/aculatis,  costam 

rT)f-vr  J,   a'^  versus  juxta  basim  fusco-tinctis.      Rxp.  al.  6.^-8  lin. 


TINEA.  35 

Head  and  face  rcddish-oclircous.  Palpi  pale  oclireous.  Antenna; 
pale  grcyisli-ochreous.  Anterior  wind's  skinhif/  pale  oclireons,  uiitnncu- 
lale ;  towards  the  costa,  near  the  base,  slig-htly  tinted  with  fuscons ; 
cilia  pale  ochreons.     Posterior  wings  whitish,  with  pale  oehrcous  cilia. 

A  very  abundant  and  destructive  species,  most  partial  to  lH)rsc- 
hair  linings  of  chairs,  etc.  The  larva,  which  is  dirty-whitisli,  and 
makes  no  case,  may  be  found  nearly  throughout  the  year. 

25.  simplicella,  II.-S.  Tin.  47.  f.  333  (1851);  y.cW.—augmtl- 
costella,  Sta.  Alis  anticis/'/zsr/s,  Intcscente-tinctis,  dorsum  versus  dilu- 
tioribus,  ipsa  coda  pone  utedlnni  angnde  hdm.     Ex]).  al.  G  lin. 

Head  and  face  ferruginous.  Pal])i  pale  greyish-ochrcous ;  second 
joint  externally -fuscous.  Antenna;  dark  fuscous.  Anterior  wings /ws- 
coKs,  with  a  slight  yellowish  tinge,  paler  towards  the  inner  margin, 
and  with  the  coda  hei/oiid  the  middle  narrowly  pale  yellowidi ;  cilia  pale 
greyish-fuscous.  Posterior  wings  greyish-purple,  with  the  cilia  at  tirst 
fuscous,  then  whitish-grey. 

Not  common ;  occurs  near  Dover  ajid  near  jMicklchuni  in  July. 

2G.  nigripunctella,  Ilaw.  L.  B.  5G4  (1829);  Step.;  Zell.— j9«- 
rietariclla,  11. -S.  Alis  anticis  Intescentibm,  jmnctls  iiiuneroais  uigres- 
centibns,  margines  versus  conspicuoribus.      Exp.  al.  4i  lin. 

Head  and  face  yellowish.  Palpi  pale  grey.  Antenna;  greyish.  An- 
terior wings  yellowidi,  icith  nnmeron^  lAacliidi  spots,  of  which  one  in  the 
middle  of  the  costa  sometimes  united  with  one  rather  beyond  it  on  the 
iiuier  margin,  and  two  opposite  spots  beyond  the  middle,  also  some- 
times united  into  a  fascia,  are  the  most  conspicuous;  the  hinder  mar- 
gin and  apex  of  the  costa  arc  spotted  with  dark  fuscous ;  cilia  pale 
yellowish-grey.     Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  with  ]ialer  cilia. 

This  species,  by  no  means  common,  has  been  taken  in  August, 
near  Bristol.  It  is  probably  double-brooded,  appearing  also  in 
May;  the  larva  (according  to  Bruand)  feeds  in  a  case,  on  old 
fences. 

27.  semifulvella.  Haw.  L.  B.  562  (1829);  Step.;  II.-S.;  Zell. 
Alis  anticis  d'llale  ochreis,  ri'fo-ochreo  siij/asis,  pra'cipue  apicem  versus, 
costa  basim  versus  rufo-fusca,  macula  miiutta  dorsi,  az/y/tlnm  aaalem 
versus,  saturate fusca.     Exp.  al.  8  lin. 

Head  and  face  deep  ferruginous.  Palpi  pale  greyish-ochreous,  ex- 
ternally dark  fuscous.  Antenna;  greyish-fuscous,  .'\uterior  wings /w/e 
ochreous,  suffused  with  reddish-ochreons,  especially  towards  the  apex  ; 
the  basal  half  of  the  costa  is  reddish- fuscous  ;  a  smalt  dark  fuscous  spot 
lies  on  the  inner  waryin  before  the  anal  anyle ;  cilia  reddish,  externally 
pale  ochreous.     Posterior  wings  grey,  with  jialer  cilia. 

Not  common;  found  occasionally  on  palings  ami  among  old 
hedges  in  June. 

28.  bistrigella,  Haw.  L.  B.   573   (1829);  Step.;  Sta.;  Zell. -- 

(K.r-iD*-^- 


36  TINEID.E. 

aliidienella,  Zett. — dlloreUu,  H.-S.  Tin.  39.  f.  266.  Alis  aiiticis  nitidis 
//!scis,j'ascia  recta  ante  viedimii^faacia  interdwm  interrttpta  pone  fiiediinii, 
puiictoque  posteriore  disci  (iiitcrdum  obsoleto)  altjis ;  capillis  saturate 
oclireo-fuscis.     Exp.  al.  4  lin. 

Head  dark  ochreous-fuscous.  Face  pale  oclireous.  Palpi  whitish. 
Antenna)  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  shining  fuscous,  with  a  straight  white 
fascia  hcfore  the  middle,  and  a  rather  curved  one  begond  the  middle,  some- 
times divided  into  two  opposite  spots;  beyond  the  latter,  on  the  disc,  is 
a  small  whitish  spot,  sometimes  however  absent ;  cilia  fuscous,  with  the 
tips  whitish.     Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Not  common ;  in  Moods  among  mixed  iiiiderwood  in  June ;  in 
England  and  the  south  of  Scotland. 

'■yi.  siibammanella,  Sta.  Cat.  p.  9  (1849) ;  Id.  Ent.  Trans,  i.  n.  s. 
pi.  3.  f.  s  ;  Zell.  Alis  anticis  parpiireo-i'usch,  fasciis  duabus  rectis 
t/iteo-ci\his  (altera  ante,  altera  paullo  post  medium)  puncto  luteo-albo, 
disci  pone  medium,  ciliis  purpureo-fuscis,  ad  apicem  albidis.  Exp.  al. 
3  lin. 

Anterior  wings /^^c^y^Z/.s/^-fuscous,  ?rith  two  straight  gellofrish-wluic  fas- 
cice,  one  before,  the  other  rather  beyond,  the  middle  ;  beyond  the  latter  is 
u  small  yellowish-white  spot  on  the  disc ;  cilia  purplish-fuscous,  at  the 
apex  of  tiic  wing  wdutish. 

My  specimen,  taken  in  Scotland  in  July  184S,  among  mixed 
underwood,  still  remains  unique. 

30.  argentrmaculella,  Sta.  Cat.  p.  C  (1849);  Zell.  Alis  anticis 
nitidis  saturate  fuscis,  fascia  obli([ua  ante,  maculis  o/)positis  pone  me- 
dium, punctisque  ajiicem  versus  argenteis.     Exp.  al.  4  lin. 

Head  pale  fuscous.  Face  and  palpi  white.  Auteniife  dark  fuscous. 
Anterior  wings  dark  fuscous,  rather  shining,  with  an  oblique  silvery  fas- 
cia before  the  middle,  sometimes  interrupted  on  the  fold ;  begond  the 
middle  are  two  nearly  opposite  siloerg  spots ;  the  costal  spot  is  narrow, 
reaching  half  across  the  wing,  the  spot  on  the  inner  margin  is  some- 
what triangular,  hardly  reaching  to  the  fold;  a  little  above  the  anal 
angle  is  a  small  round  silvery  spot,  at  the  apex  of  the  costa  are  two,  and 
on  the  hinder  margin  are  three  silvery-white  spots ;  cilia  fuscous,  tips 
whitish.     Posterior  wings  greyish-fuscous,  with  paler  cilia. 

A  scarce  species ;  in  the  collections  of  IMr.  Shepherd,  Mr. 
Doubleday,  and  ]\Ir.  Douglas ;  the  latter  took  his  specimen  on 
the  Darlford  Heath  lencc  early  in  -luly. 

31.  ochraceella,  Teiigst.  F.  F.-F.  111.  1.")  (184'^);  Sta.;  ZelL ; 
Seott  (Zool.  lsr)3,  4075).     Alis  anticis  ochreis  immactdalis,  ipsa  costa 

\^"  c         ad  l)asim  nigrescente.      I<;xp.  al.  8-9  lin. 

Head  and  face  dark  ochreous.  Palpi  dark  fuscous;  terminal  joint 
dark  ochreous.  Autenn;e  greyish.  Anterior  wings  nn.icolorous-ochreous ; 
the  edge  of  the  costa  at  tlie  b;ise  blackish  ;  cilia  rather  paler.  Posterior 
wings  rather  (hu'k  grey,  with  pale  ochreous  cilia. 


iK-X 


LAMl'RONIA.  37 

Not  iincomnioii_,  in  the  Black  iorest,  in  L'crtlisliirc,  in  ants' 
nests,  in  July. 


Gcmis  Vlll.     LAMPRONIA.     ^^X   \ 


a  - 


La:mpr()NIA,  ZcU.  L.  E.  vi.  St  ct  ISO  (1852). — Lamprouia  p.,  Stcj).  ; 
Curt. — Esperia  p.,  II ill).  \'. — Tuica  p.,  /a'11.  [sis,  1S3U. — Lauiiiros 
p.  el  Athlu  p.,  Zctt. 

Caput   jiosticc   liirsiituiii,   cupUIis   hi   rcrticc  ac  froide    (hcuwhcnUbun. 

Ocelli  nuUi.     Aiitt'iuiic  alis  aiiterioriI>us  breviores.     Palpi  maxillares 

5-articulati,  plicati.      i'alpi  labiales  cylindrici,  ]iilosi;  articuli  sccuiidi 

apice  supra  setis  jiaucis  iiistructo.     Ilaustellum  suljinillum.     Alaj 

auteriores  oblongo-ovata;  -.  e  cellula  diseoidali  veiuu  5  iu  margiuem 

costalem  prodeunt  ;  posteriores  ovatfC,  ciliis  breviusculis. 

Head  hairy  l)cliiud,  on  the  crown  mid  in  front  the  l/nirs  clecionf/cnt. 

Oeelli  none.      Aiitciuiie  moderately  thick,  not  pcetinated  or  eiliatcd, 

shorter  than  the  anterior  wind's.     IMaxillary  palpi  livr-jointcd,  folded. 

Labial  palpi  cylindrie,  hairy;  the  apex  of  the  seeoud  joint  furnished 

above  with  a  few  bristles.     Tongue  hardly  pereeptible.    Anterior  wings 

oblong-oval.     Posterior  wings  oval,  with  rather  short  cilia.      Prom  the 

discoidal  cell  of  the  anterior  wings,  five  veins  run  into' the  costa. 

The  perfect  insects  of  this  geinis  arc  gaily  colourctl,  and  lly  freely 
during  the  sunshine.  The  larva^  of  only  two  of  them  are  kiK)wn, 
L.  prcdatelhi  and  L.  Ihih'ielln:  Ihese  ditler  so  much  in  habit  that 
they  would  hardly  be  expected  to  occur  in  the  same  genus.  That 
of  L.  pralate/la  feeds  umler  the  leaves  of  the  wild  iStrawbei'ry,  in 
a  flat  case,  shaped  rather  like  the  figure  8,  which  it  applies  by  one 
of  its  Hat  sides  to  the  uiuler  side  of  the  leaf;  it  does  not  devour 
the  leaf  at  the  spot  where  it  is  ai)plied,  but  takes  the  ])recaution 
to  bring  with  it  to  its  place  of  concealment  a  piece  cut  olf  from 
the  edge  of  tlu^  leaf,  or  of  some  neighbouring  leaf,  which  it  then 
fastens  to  the  under  side  of  its  case  and  consumes  it  at  leisure; 
when  the  piece  of  leaf  it  has  in  store  is  large,  the  case  is  com- 
pletely concealed  between  it  and  the  leaf  under  which  it  re])oses. 
This  peculiarity  in  the  habit  of  this  larva  was  detected  by  Mr. 
Douglas,  who  found  the  larva:>  at  AVest  AVickham  AVood,  in  iSep- 
temb(;r.  L.  Rnhu'llu,  in  the  larva  state,  bores  down  the  st(?m  of 
the  young  shoots  of  th(>  Kaspberry,  as  recorded  by  J>jerkaiuler  in 
in  the  'Nova  Acta  llolmia'/  in  17S1,  and  recently  observed  by 
Messrs.  Donbleday,  Jjogan,  and  Westwood.  The  larva  of  //. 
quadripunrfel/ii  i'ecds  on  the  rose,  but  its  habits  have  not  yet 
been  observed. 


38  TINEIDiE. 

The  species  of  this  genus  may  be  easily  recognized  thus : — 

a.  Anterior  wings  with  indistinct,  almost  obsolete,  pale  spots.     Sp.  I. 
a  a.  Anterior  wings  with  a  pale  fascia  before  the  middle,  and  pale  op- 
posite spots  beyond  the  middle.     Species  2  and  3, 
a  a  a.  Anterior  wings  with  nnmerous  small  distinct  pale  spots.     Sp.  4. 

1.  quadripunctella,  Fab.  S.  I.  ii.  298.52(1781);  Haw.;  Step. 
(|^  .  TT        — morosa,  Zell. — biivaictella,  Dup.  ?     Alis  anticis  obscure  fnscis,  mucnla 
P         triangulari  dors'i  punctoque  parvo  disci  pone  meiVium  dilute  lufeis,  puucto 
1  costaii  posteriore  dilntiore,  interdum  obsoleto.     Exp.  al.  6  lin. 

Head  and  face  greyish-fuscous.  Palpi  whitish.  Antenna;  fuscous. 
Anterior  wings  didl /hscojis,  with  a  pale  'i/eJlowish,  somewhat  triangular 
spot  on  the  inner  margin  bei/ond  the  middle,  above  which,  on  the  disc,  is 
a  minute  pale  yellowish  spot,  and  on  the  costa,  rather  beyond,  is  a  very 
indistinct  pale  spot,  in  many  specimens  entirely  wanting ;  cilia  greyish- 
fuscous.     Posterior  wings  greyish-fuscous,  with  paler  cilia. 

Common  among  hedge-roses  in  June ;  flying  freely  in  the  early 
morning  in  the  sunshine.     The  larva  feeds  in  May(?). 

-  2.  Luzella,  Hiib.  Tin.  430  (1816);  Step.;  Curt.  B.  E.  fo.  639; 

ZcU. — -J/acip/inclella,  Haw. ;  Step.  Alis  anticis  sainrnie  purpm'eo-hxs- 
cis,  fascia  obliqiia  prope  basim,  maculis  oppositis  pone  medium  {dorsali 
majore)  dilute  Inteis.     Exp.  al.  h\  lin. 

Head  dark  purplish-fuscous.  Face  grey.  Palpi  pale  grey.  An- 
tenna? fuscous.  Anterior  wings  dark  p/i7y)lish-i\iscous,  with  a  pale 
yellow,  rather  oblique  fascia  near  the  base,  attenuated  on  the  costa,  and 
sometimes  intcrru]ited ;  beyond  the  middle  are  two  pale  yellow  oppo- 
site s))ots,  of  which  tliat  on  the  inner  margin  is  the  larger,  and  nearly 
triangular ;  cilia  dark  purplish-fuscous,  the  tips  round  the  apex  whit- 
ish. Posterior  wings  dark  fuscous,  with  a  shght  purple  tinge ;  cilia 
paler. 

Not  common;  occurs  near  London  (at  West  WickJuim),  in  De- 
vonshire, and  in  the  north  of  England,  in  June. 

^    .       3.  prselatella,   W.  V.  320.  46   (1776);    Fab.;    Hiib.;    Haw.; 

\n^  Il.l     step.;   ZcU.;   li.-^.—ma'.slella,  mih.—Lu.~ella,  Treit. ;  Frey.  N.  B.  ii. 
__         _L^0.  pi.  133. — -Jlaviinitrella,  Hup. — bifasciella.  Fab.?     Alis  anticis  satu- 
\Pl.')("'>"^j        rate  fuscis,  vix  purpureo-tinctis,  puncto  in  medio  baseos  albido,  fascia 
fere  recta  ante  medium,  macidis  suboppositis  pone  medium  {costaii  ma- 
jore) albidis.      Exp.  al.  9  lin. 

Head  pale  oclircous.  hacc  whitish.  Pal])i  whitish.  Antenna-  fus- 
cous. Anterior  wings  dark  fuscous,  loith  a  slight  purplish  gloss,  with  a 
small  wlutish  spot  in  tlic  middle  of  the  base,  a  nearly  straight  whitish 
fascia  before  the  middle  slightly  attcmiated  on  the  costa,  and  two 
whitish  nearly  opposite  s]iots  beyond  the  middle,  of  which  that  on  the 
costa  is  the  larger  and  posterior;  cilia  dark  purplish-fuscous,  externally 
whitish.  Posterior  wings  greyish-fuscous,  with  a  slight  purplish  gloss; 
cilia  grev. 


ixcnivAiUA.  30 

Common  in  woods  in  Jnne.  The  larva  feeds  on  Geum  urba- 
num  and  Fragarla  vesca,  from  September  to  j\Iay. 

4.  Rubiella,  Bjerk.  N.  A.  H.  17S1.  p.  20.  pi.  1.  f.  (S-l^.—varldla, 
Fab. ;  Treit. ;  F.  v.  11. ;  Zcll. — marmorella,  Fab. — cortlcella,  Haw. ; 
Step. — mnltipnnctella,  Dup.  Alis  anticis  nltidiH  fnscis  hdeo-pnndalls, 
maculis  duabiin  dorsi  majoribus,  qnutnor  codec  miiioribus  hitcis.  J>xp. 
ab  5  bn. 

Head  ocbreous-grey.  Face  and  palpi  dirty-yellowisli.  Antenna; 
fuscous.  Anterior  wings  shiniiif/  fitscous,  icilli  Jiioucrous  yelloio  doln,  and 
tico  conspicuous  yellow  spots  on  tlie  inner  margi>i,  one  before  tlie  niickllc, 
tbe  otber  near  the  anal  angle,  and/o«r  smaller  yellow  sjmls  on  the  cosln ; 
cilia  fuscous,  with  the  tips  round  the  apex  white.  Posterior  wings 
fuscous,  with  paler  cilia. 

Not  uncommon  among  raspbcrry-bushcs  in  June.  The  larva 
feeds  under  the  fruit  when  young,  hybcrnatos  without  feeding, 
and  in  the  spring  bores  down  the  stems  of  the  young  shoots. 


Genus  IX.     LAMPROSETIA,  n.  g.  (PCHT   ^ 

Capilli  superne  ac  in  fronte  depressi,  ulroque  lalere  supra  ocidos  Jloc- 
culo  usque  ad  verticeui  prodiiclo.  Ocelli  nuUi.  I'alpi  niaxillarcs 
breves.  Palpi  labiales  cylindrici,  tenues.  Antenn;e  alis  anteriori- 
bus  breviores.  Ilaustelbun  subnullum.  Alse  latiuscuhe,  mcdiocritcr 
cilialtC. 

Head  above  and  in  front  sniootli,  icilh  hairs  arising  on  each  side  above 
the  eyes,  reaching  nearly  to  the  crown.  Ocelli  none.  MaxiHary  palpi 
short.  Labial  palpi  cylindrical,  slender.  Antennae  shorter  than  tlic 
anterior  wings.  Tongue  hardly  perceptible.  Wings  rather  broad, 
with  moderate  cilia. 

This  singular  genus  contains  only  one  species ;  the  larva  of 
whieli  feeds  on  " c(t/)illairc''  (according  to  Brua^d). 

\.  Verhuellella,  v.  Hcyden  (in  litt.)     Alis  anticis  nigrescent ibus 
violaceo-tinctis  ;  alis  posticis  dilute  fuscis  violaceo-tinctis.      Fxp.  al.  -i-i    ^  "[^  '^  *■ 
Hn. 

Head  and  face  l)lack.  Palpi  wbitisli.  Antenna;  black.  Anterior 
wings  blackish,  with  a  slight  violet  gloss;  cilia  paler.  Posterior  wings 
pale  fuscous,  with  a  violet  gloss,  with  grey  cilia. 

The  only  British  specimens  I  have  seen  were  taken  by  Mr. 
Allen  Hill,  near  Bristol;  they  arc  in  very  bad  condition.  Yon 
lleyden  says  of  it,  "very  easily  rubbed. "" 


A. 


Genus  X.     INCURV ARIA.  Wit  ^^'^ 

Incurvarta,  Haw.  L.  P.  5.59  (1829);  Step.;  Cnrt. ;   Zell.  L.  K.  v.- 


40  TINKID.'E. 

Incurvaria  p.,  Diip. — Tinea  p.,  Zell.  Isis,  1839. — Esperia  p.,  lliib. 
\.—AcleIa  )i.,  Ti-eit. ;   Zctt. 

Caput  supcrne  H  bi.  f route  Idrsnium.     Ocelli  niilli.     Auteuiun  nlis  au- 
terioribus   breviores.     Palpi  maxillares   5-articulati,  plicati.     Palpi 
labiales  cyliiidrici,  pilosi ;  articuli  secundi  apicc  supra  setis  paucis  iu- 
structo.     liaustclkun   breve.     Abe  auteriores  oblougo-ovata^ ;  e  cel- 
lula   discoidali  veiue  5  in  marginem  costalein  prodeuut ;  posteriores 
ovatft  (plcrumque  pUosO'StjiKtinatre)  ciliis  breviusculis. 
Head  above  ami  inj'ruid  JiaJr>/.      Ocelli  none.     Maxillary  palpi  five- 
jointed,  folded.    Labial  palpi  cylindrical,  hairy;  the  apex  of  the  second 
joint  furnished  above  with  a  lew  bristles.      Antenna?  shorter  than  the 
anterior  wings.     Tongue  short.      Anterior  wings  oblong-ovatc.     Pos- 
terior  wings  ovate    (generally   with   //a /./•-■scales),    with    shortish    cilia. 
From  the  discoidal  cell  of  the  anterior  wings  live  veins  run  into  the 
costa . 

The  perfect  insects  delight  to  fly  in  the  suusliine,  and  /.  mus- 
calella  is  generally  abundant  at  the  beginning  of  May.  Tlie  larvas 
live  in  cases  foi'nied  of  pieces  of  dead  leaves,  and.  feed  on  the  fallen 
leaves  during  the  autumn  and  winter.  The  larva  however  of  /. 
cnpHella  burrows  down  the  stems  of  the  yonng  shoots  of  currant- 
bushes. 

The  species  may  be  thus  recognized : — 

a.  The  posterior  wings  with  elongate,  hair-Hke  scales. 

b.  Antennae  of  the  $  pectinated.     Species  1,  2. 

h  h.  Antennae  of  the  ^  simple,  slender.      Species  3. 
a  a.  The  posterior  wings  with  broad  sc;iles.     Species  -!•,  5. 

A>^f     -r-r-  1.  muscaleila,  Fab.  Man.  ii.  2t9.  91  (17<S7). — n/a-scz/leUa,  lliib.; 

V  \  ■  ^-^    *        Z.  g.  S. ;   Treit.  ;   Step.  ;   Curt.  ;   Dui).  ;   Zett.  ;   'Lt\\.—ii///sc/ili/,  Haw.— 

'\\x     '],  *^        $  sp//na,\\a\w ;   Step.;   (Jurt. — var.  $   r/i//'////li-el/a,  West.  ;   Sta.      Alis 

anticis  i/'/ti/l'/H  Hi/t/ii-ale  h/'/i/i//eis,  inaculis  tluabus  dorsi  dil/iie  l/ite/s  (  $ 

macula  jiarva  costali  pone  medium);  capiUhferr/(g///els;  antennis  (J 

pectiuatis.      fj\p.  al.  G  lin. 

Head  and  i'aee  j'err/trjh/o/is.  Pal])i  pale  grc^y.  Antenn;e  {of  the  ^ 
'peetuiate(T)  (hirk  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  tjtuHsi/  (t/zr/,-  tn-o/c//,  ))osteriorly 
with  a  kiw  scattered  yellowish  scales,  with  two  jjute  //I'llutc/n//  spots  on 
the  inner  margin;  one  in  the  middle  rtuicliing  to  the  fold,  the  other 
smaller  at  the  anal  angle  ((he  ?  has  frecpicntly  a  small  pale  yellowish 
spot  on  the  costa  beyond  tin;  nu\ldle) ;  on  the  disc,  beyond  the  middle, 
is  a  faint  indication  of  a  dark  spot;  cilia  dark  brown.  Posterior  wings 
greyish-fuscous,  with  a  slight  purplish  gloss,  with  paler  cilia. 

Abundant  in  hedges  in  May.  The  larva)  feed  in  cases,  on  fallen 
leaves  during  the  autunni  and  winter. 

2.  pectinea,  llaw.  L.  W.  .'').f)9  (1829).— ;;«'//«V/^/,  Step.;  Curt.— 

^Zi)/cke)iii,  Zell.;    H.-S. — n/aHC/iletla,  var.  Z.  g.   S.  ;  Treit. — ruascutella, 

VV.  V.  ?      Alis  anticis  n'/tidh  J)/sc/..s,   maeulis  dual)us   dorsi   dil/de  al- 


INCiKVAKlA.  41 

hido-liilt'in ;  capillis  //'■sccsrcud/j/ai :  antciitiis  (j'  pcctiiiatis.  K\p.  al. 
C)  liii. 

I/('<nl  and  face  c/r/r/'  uchrcOH.s-J'n,scons  (in  tlic  (^  almost  cuiii'ely  fus- 
cous). I'alpi  pale  grey.  Autemuxi  {nf  the  (^pectinated)  dark  fuscous. 
Anterior  \vini>'s  ah/j/i)///  J'/oicu/ts,  with  rather  a  yellowish  tint;  on  the 
inner  margin  arc  two  //ate  yell')ii:i>ih-v:Jdte  spots,  one  nearly  in  tlu;  mid- 
dle reaching  to  the  fold,  tlie  other  smaller,  at  the  anal  angle;  on  the 
disc,  beyond  the  luiddle,  is  a  faint  indication  of  a  dark  spot;  cilia 
fuscous.     Posterior  wings  greyish-fuscous,  with  })alcr  cilia. 

Conmiou  among  birches^  at  the  end  of  April.  The  hu'v;c  feed 
ill  case.-^  oil  fallen  leaves  (luriiii>;  the  antmnn  and  winter;  when 
young  they  mine  (according  to  Zeller)  tlie  leaves  of  the  birch,  in 
May  and  June,  then  descend  by  threads  to  the  ground  among  the 
fallen  leaves. 

3.  tenmcornis,  n.  sp.  Ahs  anticis  niiicoloriljiis  J'nsclti ;  alis  po>- 
ticis  dilute  griseo-fuscis  ;  eaplUh  Inteis ;  anteiinis  teifiiibioi.  E.xj).  al.  74^ 
Ihi. 

llefid  and  f:ice  pcde  i/elloii'i'ih.  Anteiuuv  dender,  dark  I'useous.  An- 
terior wings  vnicolorons  fuscoHH,  with  paler  cilia.  Posterior  wings  pale 
greyish-fuscous,  with  ])alcr  cilia. 

Two  specimens ;  one  in  ^Ir.  Shepherd's  and  one  in  Mr.  Tcnnp- 
kiiis's  collection. 

k  Oelilxnanniella,  lliib.  Tin.  18  1-  (1801):  Treit. ;  Step.;  Curt.; 
Dup. ;  Zell. ;  Lieuig ;  H.-S. — Oeldnunun,  Haw.  Alis  anticis  nitidis 
saturate  fuscis,  maculis  duabus  dorsi  nuiciddfjiie  rdhiore  contrc  apleerti  ver- 
■•itis  dilute  luteis ;   autcnnis  (^  noii  pcetinatis.     Exp.  al.  (')  lin. 

Head  and  face  ochreous.  Palpi  whitish.  Antenn.e  sinqile  in  both  sexes, 
fuscous.  Anterior  wings  dark  glossy  fuscous,  with  two  pale  yellowish 
s])ots  on  the  inner  margin,  one  before  the  middle,  the  other  at  t  he  anal 
angle;  posterioi'  to  the  latter,  is  «  Si,niJler  spot  on  the  codn.  In  the  ? 
this  spot  is  coiilluent  with  one  immediately  preceding  it,  and  therefori! 
of  larger  size  ;  cilia  dark  fuscous.  Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  with  a 
slight  purplish  tint,  with  paler  cilia. 

Not  scarce;  occurring  in  woods  in  June.  T!ic  larviie  feed  in 
Hat  cases  under  the  fallen  leaves  during  the  winter. 

5.  capiteila,  Lin.  F.  S.  1371' (1761) ;   Fab.;  Haw.;  Step.;  Zdl.;  ('bf  "rr  9  u-c 
II.-S.    Alis  anticis  saturate  fuscis, /rtsr/c/  ofjiiquu  costain  versus  allvnnata 
(interdum  codcuu  non  t(iin/e/d(;)  awia  medium,  macnlisque  oppositis  pone   (pf^^h  -j^'- 
medium,  dilute  luteis.      Ilxp.  al.  7i  lin.  ' '  ' 

Head  and  face  ochreous.  I'alpi  pale  grey.  Antenniv  fuscous.  An- 
terior wings  dark  fuscous,  with  a  slight  purple  gloss ;  before  the 
middle  is  a  rather  obthiue  ])ale  y(;llowish  fascia,  hiueli  iiltcniuded  tairards 
the  coda,  which  mhietiines  it  does  not  reach ;  beyond  the  middle  are  two 
pale  yellowish  opposite  s]iots,  of  nearly  cipial  size,  thai  on  tin;  inner 
margin    somewhat    trianguhu-,  that  on   the   eosta   more    rounded  and 

VOL.  Tll.  fi 


42  tineid.t;. 

slightly  posterior ;  cilia  chirk  purplish-i'iiscous,  the  tips  at  the  ape\ 
whitisli.  Postc^rior  wings  pale  grey,  with  a  slight  purplish  tinge;  cilia 
pale  grey. 

Common  among-  currant-bushes  at  the  end  of  May.  The.  larva 
is  very  injurious^  eating  the  pith  of  the  young  shoots,  and  betrays 
its  presence  by  the  withering  of  the  young  leaves  ;  wlien  cpiitc 
young  it  is  dark  red,  but  when  fall-fed  it  is  greenisli-white. 


Genus  XI.     MICROPTER^X.    W-  H  -  4 

MiCROPTERYX,  Zell.  !sis,  1830.  p.  18.5  ;  Diip.  Cat. — Microptcrix,  liiih. 
— Eriocepludd,  Curt. — Tinea  }).,  Haw. — Adchi  p.,  Treit. ;  Duji.  L.  F. 
xi. ;  Zett. — Lamj)ro)iia  p.,  Step. 

Caput  sujierue  hirsufuui,  orbilis  sitpcrioribus  htU  nndis.  Ocdli  dhfhicli, 
ab  oculis  distautcs.  Palj)i  niaxillarcs  6-articulati,  plicati.  Palpi 
labiates  breves,  cyliudriei,  pilosi.  Antenna;  alis  anterioribus  brevi- 
ores.  Plaustellum  breve.  Ala^  anteriores  oblongo-ovatfie  ;  vena  sub- 
eostalis  ramos  4  in  costam  einittit.  Posteriores  ovata;,  piloso-scpui- 
niata;,  ciliis  mediocribus. 

Head  above  clothed  with  long  hairs,  «  broad  space  above  each  cije 
naked.  Ocelli  distinct,  rather  remote  from  the  eyes.  IMaxillary  palpi 
six-jointed,  folded.  Laljial  palpi  short,  cylindrical,  hairy.  Autenua; 
shorter  than  the  anterior  wings  (in  some  of  the  species  much  shorter). 
Tongue  short.  Anterior  wings  oblong-ovate,  glossy  and  rather  trans- 
parent. Posterior  wings  ovate,  rather  transparent,  clothctl  with  long 
liair-formed  scales,  with  moderate  cilia. 

The  perfect  insects  lly  in  the  sunshine;  the  smaller  species 
among  llowers  in  June ;  the  larger  species  among  birches,  etc.,  in 
April  and  May.  None  of  them  appear  to  be  double-brooded. 
The  larv?e  are  still  entirely  nnhiovn  to  us  :  this  is  the  more  un- 
fortunate, as  some  of  the  species  arc  so  very  similar  in  markings 
and  habits,  that  till  we  ascertain  their  transformations  we  cannot 
feel  conjidcnt  of  llieir  distinctness. 

The  British  species  may  be  arranged  in  the  following  table  : — 

a.  Small  species. 

b.  Head  ferruginous. 

c.  Anterior  wings  unicolorous  in  hotli  sexes.      S[)ccics  1. 

c  c.  Auterior  wings  of  the  c^  with  silvery  fasei;e.      Species  2,  ?>. 

b  h.  Head  black.     S|)ecies  4. 
a  a.  S))ecies  of  intermediate  si/e.      Head  fi'rrnginous.      Species  .5,  (J. 
a  ((  a.  Species  of  larger  size. 

d.  Head  dark  fuscous.      Species  7,  10. 

d  (t.   Head  eiucrenus.      Species  S,  i),   11 ,  12. 

1.  Calthella,  Lin.  F.  S.  1432(17(51);  Fah. ;  W.  V.;  Sehr.;  lluw.; 


MK'KOl'TIJtVX.  4o 

Treit.  ;  Stop.;  I'lip.  ;  Curt.  \\.  \].  lb.  7')!;  Zell.  ;  Sta. — sulcntclla, 
i?eiit.  Alis  aiiticis  viridi-aurcis,  paulluliiin  purpureo-tinctis,  bd^ii  usque 
ad  dorsum  pur|)urca  ;  capillis  lernigiucis.      Exp.  al.  ^  3.V;  $  4  liu. 

Head  and  lact;  r('iriii|,iiious.  AuIcmukc  dark  i'li-scous.  Anterior  \\'iu^■s 
greenish-golden,  slightly  tinted  with  pnrple,  with  the  entire  base  (from 
the  costa  to  llm  inner  muryhi)  pur[)le ;  eilia  goUh-n-grey.  PosteritM- 
wings  pale  grey,  towards  the  apex  purplish,  with  greyish  eilia. 

Abmidant  in  ^NFay  and  June,  on  the  tlowers  of  the  QdUia  pa- 
li'.s/ris,  and  other  Rannncnlacca  ;  also  fiequeutiiig  Car'urs. 

2.  Arusicella,  Scop.  V.  C.  25  1-.  GC.O  (ITtiS);  Zell.;  Sta.— cw- 
cinndla.  Step.?  Alis  antieis  aureo-bruuneis,  basi  costa  purjiurea  ((J 
puncto  disci  basiiu  versus  faseiaqne  fenul  recta  in  medio  argentris)  ;  ea- 
pillis  ferrugineis.      Exp.  al.  2>\  lin. 

Head  arid  lace  ferruginous.  AnlenuiO  dark  fuscous.  Anterior  wings 
golden-brown,  with  the  costa  al  the  base  purple  (in  the  male  with  a 
small  silvery  spot  on  the  disc,  not  far  from  the  base,  ami  a  straight, 
slender,  silvery  fascia  in  the  nu<hlle) ;  eilia  golden-grey.  Posterior 
wings  grey,  towards  tlie  apex  purjjlish,  with  greyish  cilia. 

Not  coiiiiiion  ;   aj)pears  in  .lime. 

3.  Seppella,  Eab.  (i.  1.  290  (177(>);  Haw.;  Step. ;  Sta.— Por/m- 
nella,  Dii]).  ;  Hiih.  ?  Triit.  ?~c.vimiella,  ZelL—  ?  Calthella,  Ik-nt.  Alis 
antieis  viridi-aureis,  basi  costrn  purpurea,  {(^macula  transversa  ante  me- 
dium, fascia  su.bobliijua  in  medio,  punctoque  costaui  versus  y/owr'  medium 
argent(>is);  capillis  ferrugineis.      Exp.  al.  (^  'i  ;   '^  %\  lin. 

Head  and  lace  ferruginous.  Auteniue  dark  fuscous.  Anterior  wings 
greenish-golden,  with  the  costa  at  the  fjase  purple  (in  the  male  a  little 
before  the  middle  is  a  transverse  silvery  spot,  not  reaching  either  mar- 
gin, and  in  the  middle  is  a  rather  obtir/ue  silvery  fascia,  beyond  the 
vtiddte  is  a  smatl  silceri/  spot  near  the  costa)  ;  eilia  goklen-grey.  Pos- 
terior wings  pale  grey,  towards  the  apex  purplish,  with  pale  grey  eilia. 

Common  in  June  among  various  llowers  ;  particularly  partial  to 
the  Veronica  Chammlrija. 

4.  Mansuetella,  Zdl.  Sehles.  Schm.  tauseh-ber.  lS4t,  p.  Ifi  ; 
Sta.  Alis  antieis  dilute  viridi-aureis,  basi,  fascia  ante  medium,  apiecf|ue 
obsolete  purpurcis  ;  capillis  atris.     Exp.  al.  4  lin. 

Head  and  face  deep  blnisli-blaeli.  Antenna)  black.  Anterior  wings 
pale  golden-green,  with  the  base,  a  fascia  before  the  middle,  and  tiic 
entire  apical  portion  of  the  wing,  indistinctly  purplish  ;  cilia  grey. 
Posterior  wings  greyish-puri)le,  with  greyish  cilia. 

Frequents  woods  in  May  and  .liinc;  among  Mercur'udh  j)Cr- 
ciiu'is  and  other  llowers. 

5.  AUionella,    K.il..  iv  S    iii.  2.  .321.  14S  (179  1);   Zell.;   Sta.—  ^i  n 
atiimunetta,  lliil).  ;    Trcii.  ;   Step.;   Zctt. — J/c/vV/z^VA/,  ('harp.  ;    Z.  g.  S.  ; 

^V.  v.? — v;ir.  y  amiiiuneUa,    Dup.      Alis    antieis    purpureis,   fascia    fere 


44  TINEID.E. 

recta  prope  basini,  fascia  obliqua  in  medio  niaculaque  pone  medimri 
juxta  costaiii  dilute  aureis ;  capillis  ferrugincis.     Exp.  al.  4.V  lin. 

Head  and  face  ferruginous.  Palpi  pale  grey.  AntenuiB  black.  An- 
terior wiugs  purple,  with  a  pale  golden  almost  straight  fascia  not  far 
from  the  base,  a  rather  oblique  pale  golden  fascia  in  the  middle  and 
towards  the  apex,  a  pale  golden  spot  immediately  below  the  costa ; 
cilia  greyish-purple.    Posterior  wiugs  pale  greyish-purple ;  cilia  greyish. 

(3ccurs  in  woods  iu  May  and  June.  Not  common  in  the  south 
of  England  ;  more  frequent  in  the  midland  counties  and  tlie  North. 
Taken  abundantly  among  oaks  and  honeysuckle,  near  Birming- 
ham, by  the  Ecv.  Mr.  Simkiss. 

n.  Tuaibergella,  Fab.  Man.  ii.  253.  131  (1181).— Tl/uiidoyella, 
(Jmel. ;  Vill. ;  Fab.  E.  S.  ? — rnbrifusck'lla,\\A\\'.;  Sta.  ;  Zcll. — Aiicler- 
scJidla,  Treit.  ;  Dup.  ;  Lienig. — Hellwifjdla,  Step.  Alis  anticis  dilute 
viridi-aureis,  macula  costali,  fascia  abbreviata  obliqua  ante  medium, 
fascia  ad  costam  furcata  pone  medium,  maculaque  apicem  versus  rufes- 
centibus ;  capillis  ferrugincis.     Exp.  al.  4|  lin. 

Head  and  face  ferruginous.  Antenua;  dark  fuscous.  Anterior  wiugs 
shining,  pale  golden-green,  with  reddish  markings,  viz.  a  spot  on  the 
costa  near  the  base,  an  oblique  fascia  before  the  michlle,  not  reaching 
to  the  inner  margin,  a  fascia  beyond  the  middle,  furcate  on  the  costa, 
and  fre(piently  connected  with  a  spot  towards  the  apex  of  the  wing ; 
cilia  ])urplisli-fuscous.  Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  with  a  purplish  tint 
towards  the  apex ;  cilia  pale  grey. 

Not  scarce,  among  beeches,  in  j\Iay. 

7.  purpixrella,  Haw.  L.  B.  571  (1829);  Step.;  Sta.;  Zell.— 
ruhro-diirt^lla,  Haw.':'  hUen.  ? — clcatrkdlu,  Zctt.  ?  Alis  anticis  dilute 
aureis  purjnu'co-reticulatis,  venisqiie  inirpureh,  macula  pone  medium 
dorsi  dUute  aurea  ;  capiJUs  saturate  fii.'icis ;  antcnnis  Jlnddio  alarum  an- 
ticarum  breiuorltjus.     Exp.  al.  5  lin. 

Head  and  face  dark  fuacous.  Antenna"",  vol  half  the  toigth  of  the 
anterior  wings,  dark  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  ])alc  gohh;n,  with  a  slight 
greenish  tinge,  nuxch  reticulated  with  purple,  and  with  the  veins  also 
'purple,  a  pale  spot  of  the  (jronnd-colour  appears  beyoiul  the  middle  of 
the  iinier  margin;  cilia  grey.  Posterior  wings  grey,  slightly  purplish 
towards  the  apex;   cilia  grey. 

Common  in  vVpril  among  birdies,  preferring  calm,  sunny  after- 
noons;  it  is  especially  abundant  at  Darenth  Wood. 

r^-r-r     ,         '^-  Salopiella,  u.  sp.     Alis  aniicis  latiuseuVis  dilule  aureis,  pur- 
\n  ■]j-^' ^■^  '  pureo   valcl^  sull'usis,  renlsquc  piirpureis,  macula  dorsali  inajore  ])oue 

medium  dilute  aurea;  capillis  hiteo-ciiiereis ;  antcnnis  dimidium  ;ilaruui 

anticnrnm  a^cpiantibus.     Exj).  al.  4^-5  lin. 

Ili'dd  and  face  i/ellowish-i/rc!/.     Antennie  dark  fuscous,  about  half  the 

length  of  I  he  anterior  wings.      Anterior  wings  rather  short  and  broad, 

pale  golden,  iinicli  sulfused  with  purple,  the  veins  also  purple,  beyon(l 


MICKOl'TEKYX.  45 

tlie  middle  of  tlu'  inner  margin  is  a  eonfipiciions  rather  irunignhir  hjidI  of 
the  pale  gronnd-colour,  u-hkh  rcaclii'sJ'Hlly  half  acrons  the  winti; ;  on  tlie 
costn,  a  Uttle  beyond  it,  is  a  small  less  distiiiet  pale  spot,  and  (liore  are 
faint  indications  of  a  pale  spot  on  tlic  fold  before  the  middle  ;  cilia 
])ur|)lish-fnscous,  opposite  the  pale  spot  of  the  inner  margin  pale  (joUkn. 
Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  towards  the  apex  purplish,  with  paler  eilia. 

Taken  freelv,  along  witli  the  [)i'eceding,  by  iMr.  Salt,  near  Slirews- 
biirv,  in  April,  1  S5o,  in  a  wet  place  among  birches. 

9.  semip-arpurella.  Step.  II.  iv.  359  (is35) ;  Sta. ;  Zell.  ?  L.  E.  v.   Till.  4^ 

— SoUcrclId,  IHip. — anrlpnlvercUa,  Evers.  ? — ariwd('Ua,'L^\\.'i  JMit.  Ztg. 
1850.  Alls  antieis  purpOreis,  dilute  aureo-irroratis,  macula  transversa 
pone  medium  dorsi,  dilute  aurea ;  capUlis  chiert'o-fmch ;  autennis  dl- 
rn'idio  alarum  antiearum  lo)i<iioribus.     Exp.  al.  5^-6  lin. 

Head  and  face  grcj/lsh -fuscous.  Antennre  dark  fuscous,  iuorc  (had 
half  the  length  of  the  anterior  wings.  Anterior  wings  pur])le,  irroraled 
with  ])ale  golden,  and  with  a  large  ]xde  golden  spot  beyond  the  middle 
of  the  inner  margin,  reaching  half  across  the  wing;  cilia  grey.  Pos- 
terior wings  grey,  with  a  slight  purplish  tinge  towards  the  ajjcx ;  eilia 
grey,  'paler  towards  the  anal  angle. 

Conunon  among  blrehes  in  April.  (In  Continental  specimens 
of  31.  aau'iilelln  \  luive  before  me,  the  anterior  wings  a})i)ear 
shorter  and  more  ronnded  than  in  M.  semi  pur  par  ell  a.) 

10.  •unimaculella,  Zctt.  E  L.  luns  (18-10);  ^V.\.—purpun'Uu, 
var.  h.  Zell. — unipauidella,  Dup.  ?  Alls  antieis  dilute  aureis,  purjiureo 
valde  sulfusis,  macula  transversa  teuul,  ])one  medium  dorsi,  jdicaiu, 
Iranseuale,  luteo-alha ;  cajjillls  salaraU'fuscis ;  antcuuis  dimidiuui  alarum 
antiearum  a^quantibus.      Exp.  al.  5  lin. 

Head  i\iu\  face  dark  fuscous,  mi.xed  with  grey.  Anienna;  dark  fus- 
cous, about  half  (he  length  of  the  anterior  wings.  Anterior  win^-s  pah; 
golden-green,  almost  entirely  sulfused  with  j)urple,  leaving  however  a 
con^ncnoui  //ellowish-tchile  spol  U^yond  the  middle  of  the  inner  nun-- 
gin  ;  /his  spot  is  rather  narrow,  sli(/htli/  curved  outwardlj/,  and  reaching 
aliont  half  across  the  winrj ;  cilia  grey.  Posterior  wings  ])ale  grey,  with 
a  purplish  tinge  towards  the  apex;  cilia  greyish. 

Occurs  among  birches  in  April.  Not  uncommon  at  West 
W ickham  Wood ;  but  does  not  seem  to  occur  at  J)arenth  \\  ood, 
where  M.  parparella-'M  so  i_)lentiful. 

11.  Sparniannella,  P>osc.  Lin.  Trans,  i.  197.  ])l.  17.  f.  <>,  7 
(1791);  Fab.;  I)u|).  ;  Zell.;  Sta. — uuropurpurella,\\^\\ .;  VAy'\i.  Alis 
antieis  latiuscuHs  aureis,  jintcherriute  pnrpureo-retieulatis,  macula  aurea 
dorsi  pone  mt-diuin  ;   eapillis  ciuereis.      Exp.  al.  1,\  lin. 

Ifi'a(t  nwA  face  ijrcj/ish,  slightly  mixed  with  dark  fuscous.  .\nteun;u 
dark  fuscous,  not  half  as  long  as  the  anterior  wings.  Anterior  wings 
golden,  delicateJi/  rcticntatcd  vilh  purple,  with  a  spot  on  the  iniu'r 
margin  l)eyontl  the  middle,  (jf  inu'cliculatcd   ground-colour:   eilia  alter- 


4(5  TINEID.E. 

iiatcly  yellowish-grey  and  fuscous.    Posterior  wings  \ydh  greyish-inirplc; 
cilia  pale  yellowish. 

Less  common  than  the  allied  species ;  occurs  among  birches  in 
April  and  May. 

12.  subpxirpurella.  Haw.  L.  B.  571  (1829) ;  Step.;  Sta. ;  Zell. — 
LoiKeldla,  Dup.  ? — var.  ?  fasluosella,  Zell. ;  Sta.  Alis  anticis  dilute 
viridi-aureis,  macula  obsoleta  dilutiore  pone  medium  dorsi,  squamis 
sparsis  disci  purpureis ;  capillis  cinereis.     Exp.  al.  6  lin. 

Head  and  face  pale  greyish-fuscous.  Antennai  fuscous,  more  than 
half  the  length  of  the  anterior  wings.  Anterior  wings  pale  golden- 
green,  with  a  iaint  appearance  of  a  paler  sjjot  on  the  inner  margin  be- 
yond the  middle,  and  between  this  and  the  apex  of  the  wing,  is  a  still 
more  indistinct  pale  spot ;  on  the  disc  are  a  few  isolated  purple  scales 
(in  some  specimens  these  are  much  more  numerous,  these  then  become 
M.faduosella);  cilia  greyish-fuscous.  Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  with 
the  apex  purplish  ;  cilia  greyish. 

Common  among  oaks  in  May.  I  have  taken  many  of  the  \i\- 
naiy  fasiiioselld,  on  a  paling  under  oaks,  near  Beckenham. 


Genus  XII.     WEMOPHORA.  Pf  ■  I  S' 

Nemopuoka,  Hub.  V.  417  (ISiri);  Dup.  Cat.;  Zell.  L.  E.  v.  A'"^^- 
vi<it(>jj()(/o)i,  Zell.  Isis,  1839.  JliicUa  j).,  Eab.  CdpiUana  p.,  Haw. 
Adelii  p.,  Treit. ;  (.'art.;   Step.;  ])up.  L.  E.  xi.  ;   Zett. 

(Jaj)ut   suporne   hirsutum,    capillis    in    frontc    decuuibcntibus.      Ocelli 

milli.    ^Iiilcinup  loH(jhsuiw,  articulo   basali  incrassato.      Palpi  maxil- 

lares   5-articulati,  plicati.     Pal])i    labiales   breves,  cylindrici,  pilosi. 

Ilaustellum  mediocre.     Abie  anteriores  elongato-ovatpe ;    vena  sub- 

costalis  ramos  tres  in  costam  emittit,  quorum  tertius  furcatus  est. 

Posteriores  ovata?,  basim  versus  piloso-squamata;,  ciliis  mediocribus. 

Head  above  hairy;   hairs  in  front  decumbent.      Ocelli  none.     An- 

k'lnue  vvrij  loiiy,  more  than  twice  the  length  of  the  anterior  wings ;  the 

basal  joint  thickened.      Maxillary  palpi   tive-jointed,  folded.      Labial 

palpi  short,  cylindrical,  hairy.     Tongue  of  moderate  length.      Anttu'ior 

wings  (ilongate-ovate.     Posterior  wings  ovate,  towards  the  base  with 

elongate  hair-like  scales,  with  moderate  cilia.     (A.  jnlMa  has  all  the 

scales  of  (he  posterior  wings  of  tlie  elongate  hair-like  form,  and  N. 

Carlcrl  h;is  none  of  this  form,  and   is  finlher  singular  in  the  shape  of 

the  posterior  wings,  the  apical  vein  of  which  is  furcate.)    The  subcostal 

vein  of  the  anterior  wings  emits  three  brnuches  towards  the  costa,  of 

which  tlie  third  is  furcate. 

These  in.-ccis  frecpumt  lu'dges  ami  woods;   they  lly  in  the  dusk 
of  evening,  but  are  readily  siarted  from  their  retreats  tluring  the 


NTMOPIIOUA.  -17 

day.  The  larvir  of  jioiie  of  them  arc  yet  known.  'J'lic  r)rilish 
species  arc  all  very  similar,  willi  pale  ochrcous-grt^y  anterior 
wings. 

1.  Swammerdammella,  Lin.  S.  N.  (10)  .510.  28  !■  (1758) ;  Fal).; 

AV.  V.  ;    lliib.;    8chr.  ;   Treit.  ;   Step.;  Diip.  ;   Zell.  ;   Sti\.—S/caiih,/er-  (ff.    JT 
danii,  Haw.     Alis  anticis  nnieoloribus  sericeis,  dilute  ochreis,  o/jso/c/i-s-      /-a-c. 
siine  obscuriorc-retieulatis,  riliis  dilute  ochreis,  extcrae  fuscis  ;   alis  pos- 
ticis  dilute  a'riscis,  c///is  dlhite  ocliri'is,     E.\|).  al.  10  lin. 

Head  dark  ochrcous.  I'acc  and  palpi  jiale  greyisli-ochrcous.  An- 
temife  whitish-oclnTOus.  Anterior  wings  unicolorons,  shining,  pale 
ochreous,  with  very  obsolete  darker  retieulations ;  cilia  pale  oein-eoiis, 
the  tips  somewhat  fuseons.  I'osterior  wings  pale  grey,  with  jnih'  vrhre- 
OHs  cilia. 

Common  in  woods,  from  the  end  of  May  to  the  middle  of 
Jnne. 

2.  Schwarziella,  Zdl.  Isis,  1839.  p.  185  ;  Sta. ;  H.-S.— var.  srri- 
cidi'lld,  Sta.  (nnn  Zell.) — Ruhcrlella,  Liu.? — Panzeri,  Haw.? — pilca. 
Haw.? — PaiKiTi'lhi,  Stej).?;  Hup.?  Alis  anticis  doiu/a/ is  scYiccls  di- 
lute oehreis,  obsolete  obseuriore-retieulatis,  ciliis  dilute  ochreis ;  alis 
posticis  dilutis  griseis,  ciliis  (/iht/c  r/riscis.     Exp.  al.  8  lin. 

Head  dark  ochreous.  Face  and  palpi  pale  ochreous-grey.  Antenna* 
whitish.  Anterior  wings  ndlter  chnujalc,  with  the  apex  somewhat 
pointed,  shining,  pale  ochreous,  obscurely  reticulated  with  darker,  and 
a  faint  fuscous  spot  at  the  termination  of  the  discoidal  cell ;  cilia  ])ale 
ochreous.  Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  u-ith  luOe  grc))  cilia,  towards  the 
anal  angle  rather  inclining  to  ochreous. 

Commoner  than  the  ])receding;  fre(|ucnt  in  hedges  in  jMay 
and  .kine. 

.3.  Carteri,  n.  s]i.  Alis  anticis  elongatis  sericeis  ochreis,  ])ostice 
vix  obscuriororetieulatis,  ciliis  dilute  ochreis,  externe  fuscis;  alis  pos- 
ticis apice  aciUo,  satiirnle  (jriscis,  ciliis  interne  griseis,  ext(>rne  dilutee 
ochreis.     Exp.  al.  9  lin. 

Head  dark  ochreous.  Face  and  p;dpi  whitish.  Antemia^  white. 
Anterior  wings  rather  long,  with  the  apex  somewhat  i)()iuted,  shining 
ochreous,  posteriorly  with  hardly  perceptible  darker  articulations  ;  cilia 
pale  ochreous,  the  tips  somewhat  fuscous.  Posterior  wings  with  Iho 
apex  rather  poinicd,  darh  (jrcji ;  cilia  at  first  grey,  then  pale  ochreous. 

A  single  specimen,  in  the  coUeelion  of  ^Fr.  Carter,  of  ^Fan- 
chcstcr. 

I.  pilella,   W.   V.    112.    C.    (1770);    Fab.;    Hiib.  ;   Treit.;  Zell.;     (p( ,  TT 
H.-S.;   Sta.;   T)up.?;     Zett.?      -Mis   anticis   hrcvinscnlis  sericeis   dilnlc      ^  /  J^ 
fuscis,  obscuriorc-retieulatis,  ciliis  griseo-fuscis ;  alis  posticis  gris(>o-fus- 
cis,  cUiis  sdtnrale  (jriseis.      I';\p.  al.  S  lin. 

Head  dark  ochreous.      l''ac-e  and  [)ali)i  whitish.      Antenna'  whitish. 


48  TINEID-E. 

Anterior  wings  rallier  sJiorl,  witli  the  apex  slightly  rouiRlcd,  shining, 
palef/i.scoHS,  with  darker  reticulations  ;  cilia  greyish-fuscous.  Posterior 
wings  greyish-fuscous,  with  a  slight  violet  gloss,  nui/i  dark  r/rej/  cilia. 

Not  common ;  appears  in  June.  Mr.  Weaver  has  met  witli  it 
in  Scotland. 

5.  Metaxelia,  llilb.  Tin.  413  (1816);  Treit. ;  Dup. ;  Zell.;  Sta. 
— Robertelhi,  Step.  ?  Alls  anticis  brcviiiscidis,  apice  rotnndato,  sericeis 
dilnte  ochreis  obsolete  fnscescente-reticulatis,  ciliis  dilute  ochreis,  ex- 
terue  fuscis;   alls  posticis  griseis,  ciliis  ochreis.     Exp.  al.  7-7  a'  lin- 

Head  dark  ochreous.  Face  and  palpi  whitish.  Antcnujc  white. 
Anterior  wings  rallier  short,  witli,  the  apex  rounded,  shining,  pale  ochre- 
ous, obscurely  reticulated  with  pale  fuscous,  and  a  faint  fuscous  spot 
at  the  tcj-mination  of  the  discoidal  cell;  cilia  pale  ochreous,  with  the 
tips  somewhat  fuscous.     Posterior  wings  grey,  with  ochreous  cilia. 

Not  uncommon  in  chalky  places^  in  May  and  June. 


Genus  XIII.     ADELA. 


n,  t"-' 


Adela,  Lat.  II.  N.  xiv.  253  (1805) ;  7.Q\\.—Jlucita,  Lat.  E.  A.—Jli/- 
cila  p.,  Pab. — Capilhiria  p..  Haw. — Adela  p.,  Treit.  ;  Curt.  ;  Step.; 
Dup.;  Zctt. 

Caput  snperne  hirsutnm,  ejiisloiiiio  plerumquc  heviijato.  Ocelli  ntdli. 
Palpi  niaxillares  nuUi.  Palpi  labiales  cylindrici,  ini'ra  hirsuti.  Haus- 
tellum  mediocre.  Ocnli  in  ulroque  se.vu  valde  distaules.  Antennas 
corpore  vinlto  lomjiores,  basini  versus  iucrassatfB,  5  Ijreviores  basi 
villosa.  Al;c  anteriores  oblong%T,  vcnis  (luinquc  in  marginem  pos- 
ticum  exeuntibus ;  alaj  posteriorcs  oblongo-ovata^,  mcdiocriter  ci- 
liatK. 

Head  above  hairy ;  the  face  ■mo^\X\i  smooth.  Ocelli  none.  Maxillary 
palpi  none.  Labial  palpi  cylindric,  beneath  hairy.  Tongue  of  uiodc- 
rate  length.  Eyes  remote  in  both  sexes.  Antenn;x3  nuich  longer  than 
the  body,  slightly  thickened  towards  the  base ;  in  the  $  shorter  and  at 
the  base  downy.  Anterior  wings  oblong.  Posterior  wings  oblong- 
ovate,  with  moderate  ciUa.  From  the  discoidal  cell  of  the  anterior 
wings,  five  veins  run  into  the  hinder  margin. 

The  perfect  insects  of  this  genus  frequent  ilowers  and  trees,  and 
delight  to  fly  in  the  sunshines  A.  vlridcJla  ilies  in  swarms  like 
gnats  round  the  twigs  of  caks.  A.JibnIeUa  often  abounds  on  the 
ilowei's  of  Veremica  Chaviccdrijs  in  the  middle  of  the  day,  l)nt  con- 
ceals itself  securely  before  evening.  None  of  the  larva;  have  yet 
been  detected,  exce])ting  that  of  //.  BegcereJla  (figured  by  Fischer 
von  li(')slerstamni),  which  lives  in  aflat  case,  under  fallen  leaves  in 
the  winter,  and  feeds  in  the  early  spring  on  Anemone  n.eniorom, 
Umne.r,  and  Alsine  media. 


ADELA.  -ty 

T})is  i^-ouiis  ccrtaitily  rcqiiins  subdivision,  Imrdly  two  species 
showing  an  entire  aecordnnee  ;  the  British  s])ecies  may  be  arranged 
in  tlie  Ibllowing  table  : — 

a.  Antenna^  not  much  longer  than  tlu;  body,  in  botli  sexes  nearly  of 
equal  length.  Faec  rougldy  haired  nearly  to  the  mouth.  Species  1. 
'  a.  Antenna!  considerably  longer  than  the  body,  in  the  ?  generally 
shorter  than  the  ^  .  Ymv,  at  least  l)eneatli,  clothed  with  smooth 
scales. 
d.  Head  densely  haired.     Anteniue  of  the  $  nearly  as  long  as  in  the 

(J  ;  only  the  lower  part  of  the  lace  smooth.     Species  2. 
d  h.  Head  tiiinly  haired.    Antenna;  of  the  J  n-nj  long,  of  the  ?  much 

shorter.      l''aec  quite  smooth.      S])eeics  3,  \. 
(I  It  (I.  Autenuie  long,  in  the  $  shorter,     i'aee  and  legs  of  the  (^  very 
hairy. 
c.  Tongue  and  basal  joint  of  the  anteniue  of  the  (^  very  hairy.     The 

basal  half  of  the  antenn:e  of  the  ?  nnieh  thickened  ;  face  of  the  ? 

smooth.     Species  5. 
c  c.  Tongne  and    basal  joint  of  the  antenna^    in  the  (^  not    hairy. 

The   basal   half  of  the  antenna'  of  tiie  ?  not  tlnekened  ;   face  of 

the  $  liairy.      Species  (i. 
Several  olher  species  arc  known  on  llie  continent. 

1.  Fibulslla,  W.Y.  113.  33  (177G);  Dup. ;  II.-S.;  Zell.  ;Fab.?  (Jf.]T^  ^^ 
— TrhcIiU,  Haw. —  Latn'llhlhi,  Step.?     Alis  antieis  cupreo-fuseis,  ma- 
cula dorsi  pone  medimn  transversa  dilute  lutca.     Exp.  al.  \\  lin. 

Head,  face,  and  jjalpi  black.  Antenn;^  black,  the  last  fourth  white. 
Anterior  wings  cop^iery-fuscous,  with  a  pah;  yellowish  spot  near  the 
base,  not  touching  cither  margin  (sometimes  wanting),  and  on  the 
inner  margin  beyond  the  middle  a  transvcrrse  pale  yellowish  spot,  fre- 
(piently  reacliing  more  than  half  across  the  wing;  cilia  coj)pery-fuscou3. 
Posterior  wings  dark  violet -fuscous,  with  paler  cilia. 

Abundant  in  Afay  and  .lunc  on  the  llowers  of  Veronica  Chn- 
iihalr^s. 

■2.  rufimitrella,  Scoji.  V.  C.  2:A.  G19  (1703);  Zcll.  L.  E.  viii. 
—  Frisrht'lhi,  Hiib.  ;  Treit. ;  Hu]).  :  /ell.  Isis,  1839. — Ih'ainuurdlri, 
Step.?  Alis  antieis  saturate  viridi-;eneis,  costam  versus  pauUulum  cu- 
preo-tinctis.     Exp.  al.  I.\  b'n. 

Head  behind  greyisli-oehreous  ;  in  front  and  the  face  dark  fuscous, 
inclining  to  black.  Antenna"  purplish-black.  Anterior  wings  dark 
bronzy-green,  towards  the  costa  rather  coppery  ;  cilia  bronzy-grey. 
Posterior  wings  wings  dark  violet-fuscous,  with  (hn-k  grey  cilia. 

Common  in  May,  in  meadows,  on  the  ilowers  of  ('(trthimine 
pratenHh. 

3.  Sulzella,  W.  Y.  113.21  (1770);  Hiib.;  Treit.;  Step.;  Hup. 
—S/dL~ii,  U-dw.—  S/ii;cricI/a,  H.-S.  ;  'ML—Poc/m-l/a,  Hon.;  Limi.? 
Alis  antieis  luteis,  saturate  violaceo-fusco  striatis,  fascia  paullidum  pone 

VOL.  in.  H 


^H-l' 


tlIl->' 


50  TlNKID.li. 

nicdinin  lutra  (;ut  ilorsuiu  latiorcj  saturate  violaceo  marginata.  E\p.  al. 
(•sY'.f)  G  liu. 

ilead  dark  ^reyisli-nclireous.  Face  silvery-grey.  Aiitciiim;!  towards 
the  base  black,  then  white  (in  the  ?  the  basal  half  is  imich  thickened 
with  violet-l'uscoiis  scales).  Anterior  wings  yellow,  with  the  base  and 
nmncrous  longitudinal  streaks  to  the  middle  dark  violet-fuscous;  a 
i'ltlle  beyond  the  middle  is  a  slightly  curved  yellow  fascia,  broadest  on 
the  inner  margin,  li()rd('red  on  each  side  by  dark  violet  fasci;e ;  the 
apical  portion  of  the  wiug  is  yellow,  with  the  veins  and  all  the  margins 
dark  violet -fuscous ;  cilia  dark  violet-fuscous.  Posterior  wings  dark 
]Hir])lish-fuscous,  with  paler  cilia. 

On  chalky  soils  in  the  south  of  England;  not  uncounnon  in 
,lune. 

I Q.  t.  Degeerella,  Linn.  F.  S.  lo".io  (1701);  Fab.;  Lat. ;  Treit. ; 
Stej). ;  F.  V.  E..  pi.  G6  ;  IHip. ;  Zell.  ;  Zett. —  G'(WY'//f/,  Hill). — Uajeerii, 
Haw. — Croesclld,  Se(i[).- — driatcllti,  Faix — $  SiiJt:eUa,  Linn.?  Alls 
anticis  ochreo-fuscis,  obscure  luteo-striatis,  fascia  y;os//m  lutca  saturate 
violaceo-fusco  mai'ginata.     Exp.  al.  {iiovem)  i)  lin. 

Head  dark  yellow.  Face  silvery-violet.  Autennre  towards  the  l)ase 
violet-fuscous,  then  white  (in  the  $  the  basal  half  is  nuieh  thickeneil 
and  violet-black).  Anterior  wings  violet-fuscous,  streaked  with  dingy- 
yellow,  with  a  nearly  straight  bright  yellow  fascia,  dccidedli/  beyond  the 
middle,  slightly  exiianded  on  the  inner  margin,  and  bortlered  on  each 
side  with  dark  violet-fuscous  ;  tlie  a})ical  portion  of  the  wing  is  entirely 
violet-fuscous,  except  the  space  between  the  veins,  which  is  frecpiently 
dark  yellow  ;  cilia  dark  violet-fuscous.  Posterior  wings  dark  violet- 
fuscous,  with  dark  grey  cilia. 

A  common  s]iccics  in  June  in  woods  in  the  south  of  England; 
also  at  Keswick ;  generally  Hies  in  small  companies  of  half-a- 
dozen  (male)  individuals.  The  larva  feeds  in  iiat  cases  under 
fallen  leaves  on  the  wood  anemone,  and  other  low-growing  plants, 
in  the  spring. 

-C  5.  viridella,  Sco]).  F.  C.  250.  GJS  (17G3) ;  W.  V. ;  Treit. ;  Step.; 
Zell.  ;  11. -S. — virldh.  Haw. — v'uuMla,  Fab. — SjdiiiH/lclId,  II lib. — Rcriu- 
ifiiircUd,  Dup. ;  Clerck?  Alls  anticis  niiidi-'i  vb-idl-a'iici.s,  costa  pone 
]ucdium  cupreo-tincta.     Exp.  al.  7i  lin. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  black.  Antenna'  white,  towards  the  base 
spott('(l  with  black  (in  the  $  the  head  is  dark  grey,  ami  tlie  slightly 
thickened  autenuai  viol(;t-black  at  the  base).  Anterior  wings  brhjlit 
Iji-oiKif-i/reoi,  with  a  slight  coppery  tinge  along  the  costa  beyond  the 
middle;  cilia  bnmzy-fuscous.  Postc'rior  wings  dark  violet -I'uscous, 
with  dark  grey  cilia. 

Abundant  in  most  oak-woods;  the  males  Hying  in  little  swainis 
(if  about  twenty  individuals  roiuul  the  ends  of  ilie  oak-houghs;  at 
tluj  end  of  May  aiui  beginning  of  June. 


XFMOTOIS. 


G.  cuprella,  Fab.;  Trcit. ;  Dup. ;  Zell. ;  Sta. ;  II. -S. ;  W.  V.P 
lliil).  r  ^^Icp.  r — (^  rcncclld,  Zt-tt. —  ?  crinilclia,  /ctt. — Hcnuinnrclln, 
Linn.  ?  Alls  anticis  viridi-a^neis,  c.upn'o-v'iohu-m-luiciU,  i)ra"ci[)U('  cos- 
tani  ct  niargincni  posticuui  versus.      Kxp.  al.  7  ^  lin. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  hlaek  (in  tlu;  ?  ferruginous).  Antenniu  wliitc, 
towards  the  base  spotted  with  black.  Anterior  win,i>s  bron/v-green, 
icllh  a  coppery -viuhd  tiul,  especially  towards  the  costa  and  hinder  mar- 
gin ;  cilia  bronzy-fuscous.  Posterior  wings  dark  pur|)lish-fuseous,  witli 
slightly  paler  cilia. 

Appears  at  the  end  of  Ai)ril,  fre([aciiiiiig  tin;  sallows  while  in 
bloom;  occurs  on  AYiiiibledon  Comtnoii. 


Genus  XIV. 


NEMOTOI3.    (Pf.lT.  ^ 


(Tv-t. 


Xkmotois,  Zell.;  Dup.  Cat.  Jlncilii  p.,  I'ab.  Cap///i/r/"  [>.,  llaw. 
Jdcln  p.,  Treit.  ;  ( 'url.  ;  Step  ;  Hup.  L.  F.  ;  Zelt.  Ep'ihipli'ia  el 
Xciiiolois  p.,  1 1  ill). 

Caput  superne  hirsutuni,  i'pi.slo,ino  lan-'ii/alo.  OvvXW  ludli.  I'alpi  niaxil- 
lares  nuUi.  Palpi  labiales  cylindrici,  itdVa  liirsuti,  $  breviores. 
llaustelluin  mediocre.  Oculi  (^  nia(jni,  (ijipro.riijuili :  V  ininores,  vahh; 
distantes.  Antenn;e  corporc  iiinllo  Io)i(ji()ir.s,  basini  versus  iiu'rassata", 
ac  plerumque  barbabe ;  ?  breviores.  Also  anteriorcs  oblongie  ;  venis 
quincpie  in  margineni  posticum  excuntibus.  A  he  posteriores  ob- 
longo-ovatie  medioeriter  ciliattc. 

Head  above  hairy;  the  face  .suioolh.  Ocelli  none.  Maxillary  pal])i 
none.  Labial  palpi  cylincb-ic,  beneath  hairy  (in  some  species  extremely 
so),  in  the  $  shorter.  Tongue  of  moderate  length.  I*'yes  of  the  (^  litrijc 
and  approximat'uKj ,  of  the  ?  smaller  and  remote.  Anfenme  vcrii  con- 
fiiilerabhj  lour/er  than  the  body,  thickened  towards  the  base,  and  not 
unfre([uently  with  })rojecting  scales;  in  the  9  shorter.  Antcn'ior  wings 
oblong.  Posterior  wings  oblong-ovatc,  with  moderate  cilia.  Prom  the 
discoidal  cell  of  the  anterior  wings,  five  veins  run  into  the  hinder  margin. 
The  perfect  insects  of  this  genus  are  mostly  s|)len(li(l  beyond 
description;  they  fre(iuent  (lowers  in  the  sunsliiiu\  Of  the  habits 
•and  food  of  the  hTrva  nothing  is  known;  the  acuminate,  elongal(; 
abdomen  of  the  ?  of  iV.  Sea fjiose/ lies  would  imply  that  the  eggs 
were  deposited  iu  some  substance,  and  Zcller  has  (jbserved  them 
boring  into  the  llowxu's  of  Sca/jiom  arfcmis  (as  though  with  a 
view  of  depositing  their  (>ggs  there). 

The  genus  is  susceptible  of  subdivision^,  from  the;  struct mn;  of 
the  abdomen  of  the  ?  .  The  British  spi'cit'S  may  be  easily  dis- 
tinguished as  follows  : — 

a.  Abdomen  of  the  ?  V(;ry  narrow;   the  terminal  half  nearly  bare.     .\n- 
tcrior  winjis  with  no  dark  fascia  ;   vellowi-h-brnn/e.      Sixcii-   1  . 


a-c 


5  a  TINEII)/E. 

a  a.  Abdomen  of  the  $  rather  narrow,  with  the  ovipositor  bare.     An- 
terior wings  with  a  shadowy  dark  fascia. 

b.  Antenna?  of  the  $  ,  towards  the  base,  thickened.     Species  3. 
b  b.  Antenna^  of  the  5*  ,  towards  the  base,  not  thickened.      Sp.  3,  4. 

1.  Scabioseilns,  Scop.  F.  C.  2.50.  611  (1703);  Treit. ;  Dup.  ; 
Zett. ;  H.-S.;  'Li^W.—ciipreu,  llaw.—FnscheUa,  Curt.  B.  E.  fo.  463; 
Step.  Alis  anticis  JlavkJo-cenvh,  costara  versus  saturatioribus,  apiceni 
versus  ilavido-suftusis.     Exp.  al.  9  lin. 

Head  ferruginous.  Face  silvery-grey.  Palpi  oclircous-fuscous.  An- 
ternia^  at  the  base  violet-bhick  and  rather  thickened  ;  the  last  two-thirds 
white.  Anterior  wings  yclloirhh -bronze,  along  tlie  costa  ratlicr  darker, 
towards  the  apex  more  yellowish ;  cilia  bronzy-fuscous.  Posterior 
wings  dark  purplish-fuscous,  with  cilia  oi"  the  same  colour. 

Not  uncommon  (but  rather  local)  in  June,  frequenting  tlie 
Howcrs  of  Scahkmi  arvensis  and  Colnmhana. 

2.  cupriacellus,  Iliib.  Tin.  4  t5  (1822)  ;  Zcll. — cijpriaceJIa,  Dup.; 
H.-S ;  Treit.  ?  $  Alis  anticis  antice  viridi-aurcis,  postice  nilide  cu- 
preis,  fascia  media  saturatiore  obsolcta  ;  antennis  dinn'dio  basali  'ui- 
craasat/s.     Exp.  al.  7  lin. 

Ihiiale.  Head  ferruginous.  Face  brilliant  metallic.  Palpi  pale  fer- 
ruginous, mixed  with  fuscous.  Antenna?  towards  the  base  rather 
tliirkened,  bluish-black,  with  the  last  third  white.  Anterior  wings 
golden-green  nearly  to  the  middle,  there  brilliant  coppery,  with  only  a 
faint  indication  of  a  darker  fascia ;  cilia  coppery-fuscous.  Posterior 
wings  purplish-fuscous ;  cilia  the  same  colour. 

I  am  uimcquainted  with  the  male  of  tliis  species.  Mr.  Douglas 
took  several  fine  spechnens  (all  females)  at  Sanderstead  in  June. 

3.  fasciellus.  Fab.  S.  E.  G70.  18  (1775);  ^[^^.— fascia,  Haw.— 
(Pf.U.  ^'>l   SchiJIh-iuiilU'rella,  W.  Y. ;  Hiib. ;  Treit.;  Hup.;  ll.-^l—ScJiiJfermlh'- 

]  rc'I/as,  Zcll.  L.  E.  viii.  Alis  anticis  nitidc  cupreis  ipsa  basi  viridi- 
aurea,  linea  brevissima  basali  costam  versus  mi^ra,  fascia  satumle  vio- 
lacea  pauUulum  pone  medium ;  alis  posticis  griseo-fuseis ;  ?  alis 
posticis  saturate  violaeeo-fuseis,  antennis  tiou  incraasalis.  Exp.  al. 
7  lin. 

Male.  Head,  face  and  palpi  black.  Antenna' white ;  the  basal  and 
several  of  the  succeeding  joints  black.  Anterior  w  ings  brilliant  coppery, 
at  the  extreme  base  greenish-golden,  with  a  fcri/  .s/zo/i  black  streak  at 
the  base  near  the  costa;  a  little  beyond  the  middle  is  a  wcll-dcfi ned , 
dark  viohd  fancia,  rather  expanded  towards  the  costa;  cilia  coppery. 
Posterior  wings  greyish-fuscous,  with  paler  cilia.  Femah'.  Head  fer- 
ruginous. Face  brilliant  metallic.  Palpi  grcyish-oehreous.  Autenuio 
hot  Ihickoicd,  black,  with  the  last  third  white.  Posterior  wings  dark 
violet-fuscous,  with  similarly  coloured  cilia. 

Apparently  scarcer  than  formerly;  I  know  of  no  recent  speci- 
mens.    Erecjuents  flowers  in  -lune  and  Jul_y. 


NKMOTOIS.  r)3 

4.  minimellus  (Mann),  Sla.  Cat.  p.  10  (ISM));  Zoll.  L.  K.  viii. 
7(5;  H.-S.  ? — var.  (^?  J)in,/cr//('//r/,  ^ia.  c?  -^''^  anticis  viritli-aureis 
postice  cupvcis, //«m  Oa.ia/l  costaiii  versus  nig-ra,  fasi-ia  urbnlom.  satnratc 
violacea  poiic  incdiinn  ;  alis  postiris  violacco-g'riscis  (inlcrihun  albido- 
griseis,  apicc  violacco-grisco) ;  $  alis  anticis  saUiratiorilius ;  alis  ))os- 
ticis  saturate  violaceo-griseis;  autonnis  noa  bicrassnik.    l<L\p.  al.  S.V  lin. 

Male.  Head,  face,  and  pal[)i  black.  Antenna^  wliitc;  the  basal 
joint  and  several  of  the  succeeding  joints  black.  Anterior  wings  green- 
isli-golden,  towards  the  ape.x.  coppery,  witii  a  black  .s/rea/c  at  the  base 
near  the  costa,  and  beyond  the  nii(l(lle  an  obscure  deep  violet  fascia, 
outwardly  concave  and  rather  expanded  on  the  costa  ;  cilia  cojipery- 
golden.  Posterior  wings  greyish-violet ;  cilia  pale  grey.  (In  sonic  s])c- 
ciniens  the  posterior  wings  are  whitisli,  with  only  tin;  apex,  violet-grey). 
Feiiiah.  Head  ferruginous.  Antenn;e  not  Ihicl.nwd.  Anterior  wings 
darker  tlian  in  the  males.  Posterior  wings  dark  violet-grey,  with  the 
cilia  a  little  paler. 

Occurs  in  moist  places  in  'ruly,  among  ScaJ/iosa  succisa,  in 
Scotland  ;  also  in  the  hilly  field,  near  Mickleliam,  (The  8i)eci- 
mcns  with  dark  underwinii-s  agree  i)recisely  with  th(-  continental 
species;  and  those  with  light  nnderwings  I  am  (piitc  unable  to 
distinguish  specilically;  all  have  the  characteristic  hlai  k  streak  al 
the  base  well-defined.  The  discovery  of  the  larva-  will  throw 
liglit  on  this,  at  present,  "  vexata  qua-stio") 


Family  III.     Tl  Y  P O  N  0 ^1 E  U T I D.E,  S/a. 

Palpi  labiales  luediocres.  I'alpi  niaxillarcs  desunt.  Caput  lanatum 
vel  hevigatum.  Ocelli  nulli.  Haustelluni  mediocre,  rarius  scpiania- 
tnra.  Al;e  anteriores  eU)ngala^,  ciliis  incdiocriI)Us.  I.arva  sa'pe 
gregaria. 

I.abial  palpi  of  moderate  length.  Maxillary  palpi  wanting.  Head 
rough  or  smooth.  Ocelli  none.  Tongue  of  moderate  length,  mostly 
naked.  Anterior  wings  elongate,  with  moderate  or  rather  short  cilia. 
Larva  frequently  gregarious,  living  in  a  conuuon  tent. 

Although  the  species  composing  this  family  ai)pear  to  have, 
considerable  affinities  with  each  other,  it  set'ms  impossible  to 
bring  them  under  any  general  definition. 

The  two  first  genera  have  been  placed  with  Thiea,  but  are  in 
many  respects  very  discordant  there;  moreover  a  coiniecting  link 
between  Scijlhropia  and  Jf///joiioiiieula  is  furnished  by  the  conti- 
nental species  JF//jjoiiOii/eiila  rnJiniUrcl/iis,  Zell.,  which,  though  in 
other  respects  a  true  H///jonoiaet(la,  has  a  roiu/h  head  ;  the  larvae 


54  HYPONOMEUTID^E. 

of  Sci/thropia  being  gregarious,  fiiniislics  anoi]\cr  point  of  resem- 
blance with  Ilyponomenta. 

The  six  genera  of  this  family  may  be  easily  distinguislied,  as 
follows  : — 

a.  Head  rough. 

h.  Y\\\\)\  porrectcd.     1.  Savammerdamia. 
h  h.  Valpi  drooping.     2.  Scythropia. 
a  a.  Head  smooth. 
c.  Palpi  reflcxed. 

d.  Terminal  joint  blunt. 

e.  Posterior  wings  witli  a  hyaline  patfli  at  tlic  l)asf.     3.  Ilvro- 

NOMEUTA. 

e  e.  Posterior  wings  witli  no  hyaline  pal  eh  at  th(;  base.       (>. 
Prays. 
d  d.  Terminal  joint  pointed.     4.  Anesychia. 
c  c.  Palpi  porrectcd,  short.     .5.  Chalybe. 


Genus  I.     SWAMMERDAMIA.  Jf-^T-?^ 


a-^ 


Ennbiea  p.,  Haw.  Lifa  p.,  Trcit.  Telea  p.,  Step.  Tiiien  ]).,  Dup. ; 
Zell.     Molilalia  \s.,  Telu'iuia  p.,  et  SwaiiuiierJainiit  p.,  Hiib. 

Capilli  hirsuti.  Ocelli  nulli.  Palpi  labialcs  ^;o;vY'r/i,  breves,  iiliformes, 
subattenuati.  Haustellum  breve,  nudum.  Al;c  anteriores  elongat;x3, 
mediocriter  ciliata3.  Ahr;  postcriores  elongato-ovata^, /oz/ro/r/  lii/alina 
basali.  Alpe  anteriores :  vena  apicalis  sim])lcx  ante  apicem  exit, 
infra  cam  tantum  rami  qninqiie ;  stigma  disthietum  ;  vena  sid)dorsalis 
simplex;  submediana  a  mediana  distat,  in  tine  incrassata ;  poste- 
riores  :  ccUula  costalis  subito  coarctata,  ante  mcdlnm.  deaineiile ;  vena 
mediana  bifida;  cellula  diseoidalis  obtusa. 

Head  rough.  Ocelli  none.  Labial  palpi  porrectcd,  sliort,  flliforni, 
rather  attenuated.  Tongue  short,  naked.  Anterior  wings  elongate, 
with  moderate  cilia.  Posterior  wings  elongate-oval,  iriih  a  Injuline 
patch  at  the  base.  In  the  anterior  wings  a  simple  apical  vinu  nms 
into  the  costa  before  the  apex,  below  it  are  only_//»f'  veins  to  the  hinthn- 
margin ;  the  stigma  is  distinct ;  the  subdorsal  vein  simple  ;  the  sid)- 
mcdian  vein  remote  from  the  median  vein  is  posteriorly  thickened.  In 
the  posterior  wings  the  costal  cell  is  suddenly  narrowed,  and  terniinales 
before  the  middle  of  the  whuj ;  the  median  vein  is  tiifut,  and  the  diseoidal 
cell  obtuse. 

The  perf(;et  insects  of  this  genus  have  a  pleasant  wavy  zigzag 
(light,  and  fre(]ucntly  disport  tlienisclves  during  the  hot  sunshine. 
\\  hen  (liey  repose,  it  is  with  the  abdomen  consulerably  elevated, 
so  that  they  a])pear  to  stand  somewhat  on  their  heads;  this  posi- 
tion, their  greyish-white  colour,  aiul  their  cyliiulric  form  when  llic 
wings  arc  closed,  cause  them  to  be  easily  mistaken  for  the  heces 


S\VA>IMEUL)AMIA.  55 

of  small  birds.  .S'.  ajjicel/n  mid  -S'.  Pijrclld  appenr  in  the  first 
biirsi  of  spring-,  and  are  indelibly  associated  in  the  niiiul  of  the 
collectors  with  those  few  uarui  days  at  the  end  of  Ajjril,  "too 
briu'ht  to  last."  The  ofher  species  do  not  appear  till  considerably 
later;  ])robably  all,  with  the  exception  of  «S'.  apicella,  arc  donble- 
broodcd.  The  larvtc  of  this  genus  are  long  and  slender  (espe- 
cially anteriorly),  with  sixteen  feel,  and  reside  singly  in  webs  on 
the  ii})per  surface  of  the  leaves  of  hawthorn,  apple,  pear,  birch, 
etc.  They  are  easily  frightened  from  their  place  of  abode,  and 
readily  descend  to  the  ground  l)y  their  silken  thrcnds;  when  full- 
fed  they  spin  rather  dense  cocoons  of  very  line  white  silk.  Tlie 
11  ve  British  species  are  all  rather  closely  allied. 

1.  apicella,  Don.  J>.  !.  ii.  pi.  T)/  (17'J2). — cohipfella,  lliil).;  Step.  ; 
Zcll. ;  Jl.-S. — corn})ta.  Haw.- — anroJiii'UcJla,  Dup.  Alls  anticis  albicHs 
grisco-oclircisvc,  sfpiamis  I'uscis  in  sericbus  longitudinalibus  dispositis, 
iiiacula  costro  ante  apieem  albicla,  apicc  ocJtreo  Inti^rnc  fmco-morglnato. 
Exp.  al.  S  liii. 

Head  and  fane  wliiie,  with  a  few  grey  hairs.  Palpi  dark  grey;  ter- 
minal joint  white.  AiitcniKe  dark  grey.  Anterior  win<i;s  white  or 
grLyish-ochrcous,  witli  the  extreino  base  dark  oehreous;  along  the  disc 
are  several  longitudinal  rows  of  dark  liiscous  scales  ;  a  spot  on  the 
costa  before  the  apex  is  whitish ;  tin'  culirc  apex  of  the  wbif/  is  hrhjlit 
oehreous,  warjiuicd  iulernaUi/  lnj  some  dark  fiiscons  scales  ;  cilia  dark  cop- 
pery-grey, at  the  anal  angle  pale  grey.  Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  with 
paler  cili;i. 

This  insect  appears  at  the  end  of  April  and  beginning  of  .May; 
not  uucomnuju  in  mixed  hedges  in  the  south  of   Knglaud. 

2.  Caesiella,  lliib.  172  et  :jr,o  (ISO!  et  ISIO);  Licnig;  II.-S.   ipC.ir-,V' 
— IL-roldidUt,  Treil.  ;  P.  v.  Iv.  pL  1:5;  Dup. — Infarea  var.  y,  Haw. — 
li'farclla,  Step.  ?     Alis  anticis  griseis,  atoiuis  I'uscis  in  seriebus  lougi- 
ludiualibus  dispositis,  dorso  albido,  macula  dorsaU  saturate  fusca  ante 
nxcxWwm,  plicaiii  uon  trauseiuile,  nebula  saturate  fusca  paullulum  postc- 

riorc,  macula  parva  costic  saturate  fusca  a)iiceui  versus,  inter  scpiamas 
albas  posita;  wWi  \)Oii'\Q'\i  di lute  grtscJs ;  capillis  c//ii  .«ilbidisvc.  Kxp. 
al.  T)  hu. 

Head  and  face  ichite  or  whitish.  Palpi  dark  grey,  tip  of  the  ter- 
minal joint  white.  Antennae  with  tlie  basal  joint  white,  remainder  grey. 
Anterior  wings  grey,  with  a  slight  violet  tint,  with  several  longitudinal 
rows  of  fuscous  atoms  ;  the  inner  margin  is  whitish,  interrupted  before 
the  middle  t)y  a  dark  fuscous  spot,  ich'ieh  does  not  cross  Ihejbld;  rather 
beyond  this,  towards  the  costa,  is  an  obscure  dark  spot ;  a  small  dark 
fuscous  spot  lies  on  the  costa  bcfon;  the  apex,  and  is  prcceihHl  and  fol- 
lowed by  .some  whitish  scales;  below  the  latter  arc  some  black  scales, 
i'ormiii";  a  short  streak,  and  at  tlu'  cxtrrmitv  of  the  fold  are  a  few  dark 


KCi  IIYPONOMEUTID.E. 

fuscous  scales;   cilia  coppery-grey.      Posterior  wings  pale  ffre//,  with 
pale  greyish-fuscous  cilia. 

Common  among  mixed  hedges  in  June  (and  I  think  again  in 
August)  ;  the  larva  in  September  is  not  uncommon,  and  appears 
polyphagoiis,  unless  we  have  several  closely  allied,  yet-to-be-dis- 
tinguislied  species;  I  have  found  it  on  birch. 

3.  griseocapiteilaj  Sta.  Sup.  Cat.  p.  2  (1851). — oxynccuithdla, 
11. -S.?  Alis  auticis  saturate  griseis,  atomis  saturate  fuscis  in  seriebus 
oljsoletis  longitudiualibiis  dispositis,  dorso  avgnde  albido,  nebula  trans- 
versa dorsl  ante  medium,  macula  parva  albida  costal  ante  apiccm  ;  alis 
l)Osi\e[s  ffr/seO'fuscis ;  cn])'\\\[s  saturate [/riseo-fusc/s.    Exp.  al.  Bj-Glin. 

Head  (lark-iireylsli  fuscous.  Face  whitish.  Palpi  dark  grey,  tip  of 
the  terminal  joint  white.  Antenn;c  whitish,  annulated  with  fuscous. 
Anterior  wings  rather  darl-  grey,  M'ith  a  slight  violet  gloss,  with  several 
rather  indistinct  longitudinal  rows  of  dark  fuscous  atoms;  the  inner 
margin  is  uarroidy  \vliitish,  interrupted  before  the  middle  by  a  dark 
i'useous  fasciaforw  tjlolcli. ;  on  the  costa  before  the  apex  is  a  small 
whitish  spot ;  cilia  dark  coppery-grey.  Posterior  wings  greyish-fus- 
cous, with  paler  cilia. 

Abmidant  in  -June  among  birches,  in  Torwood,  Stirlingshire; 
the  larva  (almost  gregarious)  on  the  birches  in  September. 

4.  Ititarea,  Haw.  L.  1^.  515  (183!)). — oxyacantliella,  Sta. — com- 
pmictelta,  H.-S.  Alis  auticis  griseis,  atomis  saturate  fuscis  in  seriebus 
obsoletis  longitudinalibus  dispositis,  nebula  basali,  altera  transversa 
ante  medium,  tertia  ad  apiccm  saturate  fuscis,  macula  otjsoteta  ali)ida 
costa^,  ante  apiccm;  alis  posticis  griseis;  cnpillis  albiJis.  I'^ixp.  al.  6^ 
lin. 

Head  and  face  yeltuwish-white.  Palpi  dai'k  grey  ;  tip  of  the  ternunal 
joint  white.  Antenn;T3  dark  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  grey,  with  a 
slight  violet  tint,  with  dark  fuscous  atoms  arranged  rather  indistinctly 
in  rows  longitudinally,  and  with  some  dark  fuscous  clouds,  one  at  the 
base,  one  arising  on  the  inner  margin  before  the  middle  ixndfasciafonu, 
and  another  at  the  apex ;  on  the  costa  before  the  apex  is  a  faiut  white 
blotch,  inunediately  below  which  are  a  few  black  scales ;  cilia  coppery- 
grey,  at  the  anal  angle  grey.     Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Not  commoidy  met  witli,  probably  often  confounded  with  S. 
Ckes'ielld. ;  apijcars  in  July  and  August. 

5.  Pyrella,  Vill.  E.  L.  ii.  515.  1030  (\l%'i).—  CerasieUa,  Hiib. ; 
'J'reit. ;  F.  v.  R.  pi.  It ;  Hup. ;  H.-S.— 6V«V/,  \\:\\\.~-CcmeUa,  Step.  ? 

,cv  Alis  auticis  saturate  griseis,  atomis  fuscis  obsoletissinic  in  seriebus  dis- 
positis, macula  transversa  obliqua  ante  medium  dorsi  saturate  fusca, 
maculM  parva  costa?  ante  a])iccm  albida,  c^;/^  cujireo-griseo ;  alis  pos- 
ticis dilute  griseis,  basiui  versus  atbidis ;  capilHs  albidis.  Exp.  al.  5- 
5.\  Hn. 

Head  and  i'ac<'  whitish.      I'alpi  dark  ii'rey  ;  tip  of  the  terminal  joint 


scYTHRom.v.  57 

whitish.  Aiitoniim  (hirk  I'lisoous.  Anterior  wings  rather  dark  f/rcij, 
witli  a  slight  violet  tinl,,  witli  very  faint  indieations  of  longitudinal  rows 
of  fuscous  atoms;  before  the  middle  of  the  whitish  inner  margin  is  a 
dark  fuscous  spot,  which  apjiears  to  be  continued  oblii|uely,  nearly 
across  the  wing;  a  small  whitish  spot  lies  on  the  costa  before  the  apex  ; 
opex  of  the  wing  aiul  cilia  copjH'ry-rjrcy.  Posterior  wings  rather  pale 
grey,  towards  the  base  whitish,  with  pale  greyish-fuscous  cilia. 

An  abundaut  species  in  hedges  and  gardens,  aj)pearing  in  Ajiril 
and  ^lay,  and  again  in  August.  The  larva  feeds  on  hawthurn, 
apple,  pear,  etc.,  in  July  and  iSepteiuber. 


Genus  II.     SOYTHROPIA.   W^TK. 


A-O 


Scythropin  p.,  Iliib.     Yponoiuenta  p.,  Treit.      Tdea  \,.,  Step.      Tinea  p., 
Dup.  ;   Zcll. 

f 'apilli  hirsuti.     Ocelli  nulli.     llaustelluni  brevissinium,  nudum.     Palpi 
labiales  breves,  tiliformes,  pendvJi.     Ahe  antcriores  clongata:",  medio- 
criter  ciliata?.     ALt  posteriorcs  oblongo-ovata', /oiro/«  hyalina  nulla. 
Al;e  antcriores  :   vena  a])icalis  simplex  ante  a)iiecra  exit,  infra  earn 
rami  sex ;  vena  subdorsalis  furcata,  sed  furcc  rauuis  superior  debilis  ; 
posteriorcs  :  ccllula  costalis  clongata,  coaretata  ;  vena  mediaua  trifida. 
Head  rough.      Ocelli  none.      Tongue  very    short,   naked.     Labial 
palpi  short,  filiform,  drooping.    Anterior  wings  elongate,  with  moderate 
cilia.     Posterior  wings  oblong-ovate,  not  with  a  hyaline  patch  at  the 
base.    In  the  anterior  wings  the  simplex  apical  vein  runs  into  the  costa 
before  the  apex  ;  below  it  six  veins  run  to  the  hinder  margin  ;  the  sub- 
dorsal vein  is  furcate,  but  the  upper  branch  of  the  fork  is  rather  obso- 
lete.     In  the  posterior  wings  the  costal  cell  is  WMXVtw -awA  elongate ; 
the  median  vein  is  trijid. 

This  genus  only  contains  one  species,  of  whicli  the  larva  is 
gregarious,  thus  apjjroacliing  in  habit  towards  the  following 
genus. 

1.  Cratsegella,   Linn.   8.   X.  (12)    SS.').    ?>:,?,    (I7()7);    W.  V.;   i}^C    111 
Fab.;  Hub.;   Godart ;  Treit.;  Step.;    Frey. ;    Dup.;    Zell.      Alis   an- 
ticis  albis,   fuscescente-irroratis,  faseiis  duabus  obli([uis  oehreo-fuscis,        * 
niarginc  postico  apieeque  costa'  fuseo-punctatis.      lv\p.  al.  7  lin. 

Head  and  face  white,  mixed  with  pale  fuscous.  Palpi  pale  fuscous; 
the  terminal  joint  with  a  ring  near  the  base,  and  the  apex  white.  An- 
tcnucic  greyish-fuscous.  Anterior  wings  white,  irrorated  with  pale  fus- 
cous, with  an  ochreous-fuscous  fascia  placed  rather  obliquely  in  the 
middle,  and  sometinuis  not  reaching  to  the  costa  ;  beyond  the  middle 
is  another  oi)liquc  fuscous  fascia  begiiuiing  on  the  costa  beyond  the 
middle,  and  t(!ruiinating  at  the  anal  angle;  the  hinder  margin  and 
apex  of  the  costa  arc  sj)otted  with  fuscous  ;  cilia  whitish,  with  a  pale 
fuscous  line.     Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  with  pale  greyish-fuscous  cilia. 

VOL.   III.  1 


a-t_. 


58  HYPONOMEUTID.E. 

Not  uncommon  in  July ;  the  gregarious  larva  feeds  on  haW' 
thorn  in  June. 


Genus  III.     HYPONOMEUTA.  (pf.Tll 


0 


Hyponomeuta/  Zell.  Isis,  1844.  p.  199.  I'ponomeuta,  Step.;  Dup. 
Ni/gmht,  Hiib.     Yponomeida  p.,  Lat. ;  Trcit.     Erminea  p.,  Haw. 

Capilli  depress!.  Ocelli  nuUi.  Palpi  labiales  breviusculi,  reflexi,  _///- 
formes,  suhacnti.  Haustellum  mediocre,  w/«//r«?..  Alse  clongata?,  bre- 
viter  ciliatac ;  posteriores  foveola  Injalhm  basali.  Ala)  anteriores : 
vena  apicalis  simplex  ;  cellula  sccuiularia  perj'ecta  ;  vena  subdorsalis 
fiu'cata ;  posteriores :  ccUula  costalis  in  medio  contracta ;  vena  me- 
diana  bifida. 

Head  smooth  (in  a  single  continental  species,  //.  riifimifrellns,  Zcll., 
rough).  Ocelli  none.  Labial  palpi  rather  short,  reflexed,  filiform, 
hardly  imnted.  Tongue  of  moderate  length,  naked.  Wings  elongate, 
with  short  cilia ;  the  posterior  wiih  a  Injaline  patch  at  the  base.  In  the 
anterior  wings,  the  apical  vein  is  simple ;  the  secondary  cell  is  com- 
plete; the  subdorsal  vein  furcate.  In  the  posterior  wings,  the  costal 
cell  is  contracted  in  the  middle ;  the  median  vein  is  bifid. 

The  perfect  insects  of  this  genus  are  readily  known  by  tlie  nu- 
merous small  black  spots  on  the  white  or  grey  anterior  wings ; 
their  flight  is  sluggish.  Only  one  species,  //.  vi(jlntipu)ictatus,  is 
double-brooded ;  of  all  the  others  there  is  only  one  brood  each 
year.  This  is  fortunate;  for  the  gregarious  habits  of  the  larvas,  and 
their  numbers,  render  them  extremely  destructive  to  our  fruit- 
trees  and  hedges.  A  spindle-tree  or  an  apple-tree,  stripped  of  its 
leaves  in  the  middle  of  summer,  and  covered  with  white  webs 
formed  by  these  larvro,  is  no  uncommon  sight.  The  larvae  of  most 
of  the  species  are  hatched  in  the  autumn,  but  remain  under  a  glu- 
tinous covering  during  the  winter,  ami  do  not  commence  their  de- 
predations till  the  appearauce  of  the  young  leaves  in  spring,  when 
a  sudden  LligH  changes  the  face  of  vegetation,  or  in  other  words 
these  larvfic  ([uit  their  winter- f[uarters,  having  been  fixed  through- 
out the  winter  on  the  very  same  twigs  where  their  ravages  now 
become  so  conspicuous.  The  larvae  remain  in  company  during 
the  whole  period  of  their  existence,  and  spin  their  cocoons  in  close 
proximity  with  each  other. 

Much  confusion  has  prevailed  with  the  synonymy  of  two  of  tlic 
species  of  this  genus,  Linnffius  having  described  the  larva  of  one 
s})ccies,  naming  the  insect  from  its  habits,  whereas  the  ])erfect 
insect  he  describes  is  a  distinct  species;  it  therefore  becomes  an 


IIYPONOMEUTA.  59 

impossibility  now  to  discovci-  n:h\ch  species  he  intended  hi/  the 
name  of  Evoiij/me/la ;  and  Scopoli  liaviiig  correctly  dcscribeil, 
under  that  name,  the  larva  and  imago  of  one  species,  I  have  had 
no  hesitation  in  adopting  his  name,  as  the  earliest  name  to  which 
no  doubt  is  attached.  Almost  every  succeeding  writer  has  fol- 
lowed the  bad  example  of  Liiuueus,  without  attempting  to  prove 
the  correctness  of  his  assertions. 

Of  this  genus  we  have  six  liritish  species  (two  others  are  known 
on  the  continent)  which  may  be  easily  distinguished  as  follows: — 

n.  Auterior  wings  leaden-grcy. 

d.  With  a  black  spot  in  the  cilia  of  the  hinder  margin.     Species  1. 

tj  b.  With  no  black  spot  in  the  cilia  of  the  hinder  margin.    Species  4 
(some  varieties). 
a  a.  Anterior  wings  white. 

c.  With  dark  blotches  or  clouds.     Species  2,  3,  4  (some  varieties). 

c  c.  AVith  no  dark  blotches  or  clouds.     Species  .5,  (!. 

1.  vigintipunctatus,  lletz.  U.  et  S.  52.  153  (1783);  Zell.  Tsis,  ^  kT.  ^ 
1844. — SedeJla,  Trcit. ;  Dup. ;  Step.   Zool.  1844.  p.  087;  Sta.  Zool.  ^"-^    I 
1848.  p.  2272.   Alis  antieis  sat/ny/te p/n))/deo-r/rl'ieis,SQriehus  tribus  lon- 
gitudinalihus  punctorum  nigroruin,  ciliis  dilute  griseis,  macula  infra 

apicciii  saturate  ftisca.     Exp.  al.  7  lin. 

Head  and  face  dark  grey.  l'al[)i  pale  grey.  Antcnn;c  greyish-fus- 
cous. Anterior  wings  rather  dnrii  leaden-yrei/,  with  three  longitudinal 
rows  of  black  spots ;  the  tirst  near  the  costa  terminating  rather  beyond 
the  middle,  the  other  two  on  each  side  of  the  fold  not  reaching  to  the 
liindcr  margin;  cilia  ]iale  grey,  witli  some  darli  fuscous  scales  inime- 
diatehj  below  the  apex.  Posterior  wings  groyish-fuscous,  with  })aler 
cilia. 

Almost  unifpie  in  this  country;  one  specimen  taken  by  ^\v. 
Stephens  at  Norwood.  The  perfect  insect  is  double-brooded,  ap- 
pearing in  April  and  l\ray,  and  again  in  August.  The  larva  ap- 
pears in  June  and  July,  ami  again  in  September  and  October;  it 
feeds  on  the  Scdiun,  Tetejthiinn. 

2.  plumbellus,  W.  V.  13*).  31.  (1770);  Fab.;  Iliib. ;  Godart ; 
Treit.;  Step.;  Dup.;  Zell.;  Frey.  N.  B.  v.  pi.  420. — plumbea.  Haw. 
Alis  antieis  alhis,  grisesccnte-sun'usis,  apice  saturate  fusco,  seriebus  qua- 
tuor  longitudinalibus  punctorum  nigrorum,  pnnctulis  nigris  marginem 
posticuni  versus,  macula  nlyra  in  medio  plica; ;  eiliis  saturate  fuscis,  an- 
gulum  analcm  versus  albidis.     T^xp.  al.  8.\-9  lin. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  whitish.  Antenujc  dark  fuscous.  Anterior 
wings  wliite,  with  a  slight  greyish  tint,  with  four  longitudinal  rows  of 
black  spots,  two  near  tlic  costa  and  one  on  each  side  of  the  fold  ;  near 
the  hinder  margin  is  a  transverse  row  of  small  l)lark  spots,  preceded 
by  a  few  black  sj)ots  irregularly  placed  ;  in  tlte  middle  of  tlie  fold  is  a 


fiO  IIYPONOMEUTID.E. 

conspicuous  black  blotch,  and  the  apex  of  the  whig  is  dark  fuscous ;  cilia 
dark  fuscous,  at  the  anal  angle  whitish.  Posterior  wings  greyish-fus- 
cous, with  paler  cilia. 

Not  uncommon  in  hedges  in  the  south  of  Enghind,  in  July  and 
August,  llie  larva  feeds  on  the  spiiuUe  {J^uo//j/j/ius  Earojjceiis) 
in  June. 

3.  irrorelluSj  Iliib.Tin.  93(1801);  GJodart;  Treit. ;  Step.;  Dup.; 
ZcU. — irrorea.  Haw.  Alls  anticis  albidis,  seriebus  tribus  longitudina- 
libus,  serieque  curvata  marginem  posticura  versus,  punctorum  nigrorura, 
nebula  plicfB  ante  medium,  )iebulaque  inajore  clongata  disci  po}ie  medium, 
fuscis.     Exp.  al.  11^  lin. 

Head  and  face  white.  I'alpi  beneath  dark  grey,  above  white.  An- 
tcnnai  whitish.  Anterior  wings  whitish,  with  three  longitudinal  rows 
of  black  spots ;  one  near  the  costa  and  one  on  each  side  of  the  fold, 
and  a  curved  row  of  spots  near  the  hinder  margin  ;  on  the  fold  before 
the  middle  is  a  fuscous  blotch,  and  a  larger  elongated  one  is  on  the  disc  be- 
yond the  middle;  hinder  margin  clouded  with  grey;  cilia  }iale  grey. 
Posterior  wings  greyish-fuscous,  with  paler  cilia. 

A  scarce  species,  appearing  in  July,  among  Euonymus ;  the 
larva,  gregarious  when  young,  feeds  on  that  plant  in  June. 

Qw,—.  ^.^c-C       i-  Fadellus,  Linn.  S.  N.  (10)   535.  240  (1758);  Scop.;  Fal). ; 

^  ill  ^-         Itiib. ;   Step.;  l)ui). ;   Guen. — xniriabilis,   Zell.   Isis,   1811. — var.  ?  >/ifl- 

Utorella,  Sta.  Cat.     Alis  anticis  albis  grisescente-suJI'usis  vel  plumbeo- 

grlseis,  seriebus  tribus  longitudinalibus,  serieque  transversa  marginem 

■    posticum  versus,  punctorum  nigrorum  ;  ciliis  dilute  griseis,  ulbisve  api- 

cibus  dilute  griseis.     Exp.  al.  7-10  lin. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  white.  Antennre  whitish.  Anterior  wrings 
white,  irith  a  more  or  less  decided  gregish  tinge,  sometimes  with  a 
greyish  blotch  extending  from  the  costa  to  the  I'old  {frequentlg  the 
wings  are  entirely  grey),  with  three  rows  of  black  spots,  one  near  the 
costa,  and  one  on  each  side  of  the  fold ;  towards  the  hinder  margin  is 
a  I'ow  of  small  black  spots,  generally  preceded  by  a  few  irregularly 
placed  ;  cilia  pale  grey,  or  white  with  the  tips  pale  grey.  Posterior  wings 
greyish-fuscous,  with  paler  cilia. 

An  abundant  species,  on  hawthorn  and  apple  (if  indeed  tlie 
apple  species,  viariooreUa,  be  really  identical),  appearing  in  .Inly 
and  August.  The  larvtc  appeal-  about  the  middle  of  May,  and 
contiiuie  tlieir  devastations  throughout  June. 

5.  Evonymellus,  Scop.  F.  C.  210.  031  (1763) ;  Schr. — Econymi, 

C<r9n(i.uW.tvj   /,;1I.  Isis,  jSl. !.. — cagnagella,  Hiib. — cognatella,  Step.;   Duj).  ;   Fnsyer; 

(PC-lXE  1 '^     Ivaiz. ;    (iui'nee.     Alis    aniicis   albis,   seriebus   tribus  longitudinalibus, 

serie([U(^  transversa  marginem  posticum  versus,  pvuictoruni  nigrorum  ; 

ciliis  albis.      i'jxp.  al.  11  lin. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  white.  Antennae  whitisii.  Anterior  wings 
ichile,  with  three  longitudinal  njws  of  black  spots,  one  near  the  costa, 


ANESYCHIA.  61. 

and  one  on  each  side  of  tlic  fold,  the  lower  one  consistiiii^  of  about_//i't' 
or  six  spots ;  before  tlie  hinder  margin  is  a  row  of  smaller  black  sjiots, 
preceded  by  a  few  spots  irregularly  jjlaced ;  cU/'a  white.  Posteiior 
wings  dark  greyish-fuscous,  with  paler  cilia. 

Plentiful  in  the  i>outli  of  England  among  spindle  {Enon/jwus 
EurojJceus),  in  July  and  August.  The  larva  defoliates  the  sjjindle 
in  June;  when  they  have  devoured  all  tlic  leaves,  hunger  compels 
them  to  gnaw  the  bark  of  the  young  stems. 

fi.  Padi,  Zcll.  Isis,  ISf-t.  p.  225. — Evouymella ,  lliib. ;  Freyer ; 
Guc'uL'c;  Linn.?;  Fab.?;  llaw.?;  Godart?;  Step.?  ])Lip.?.  Alls  au- 
ticis  albis,  seriebus  qualuor  longitudinalibus,  duabus  transversis  mar- 
ginem  posticuni  versus,  puuctorum  nigrorum  ;  ciliis  albis.  ]l\j).  al. 
Hi  lin. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  white.  AntrniKC  whitish.  Anterior  wings 
icldte,  with  four  longitudinal  rov.s  of  black  spots,  two  near  the  eosta, 
and  one  on  each  side  of  the  fold,  the  lower  one  consisting  of  from  ten 
to  ticelve  spots ;  towards  the  hinder  margin  is  a  row  of  small  black 
spots,  preceded  by  a  short  row  nearly  ])arallel  to  it ;  cilia  white. 
Posterior  wings  dark  greyish-fuscous,  with  [)aler  cilia. 

Not  uncommon  where  the  food  of  the  larva  grows;  appearing 
in  July  and  August.  The  larva  feeds  on  the  bird-cherry  {Erun/zs 
Fadii.8),  iu  June. 


Genus  l\ .     AMESYCHIA.     ^'^HT-  3. 

Anesychia,  Step.  H.  iv.  23U  (1S;M).  Yponohietda  p.,  Trcit.  ;  Curt. 
Jidia  p.,  l)up.     Psccadia  j).,  Zell. 

Capilli  dcpressi.  Ocelli  nuUi.  Antenna)  (^  articulis  snIxhMUatis,  pu- 
bescente-ciliatis.  llaustellum  mediocre,  s(pianiatum.  Palpi  labiales 
mediocres,  rejlcxi,  articuto  tertlo  acinninato.  Abe  oblonga;  vel  elou- 
gata?,  brcviter  ciHatte.  Alix;  anteriores  :  veii;e  ix^ixcwXi'-,  farcatce  ramus 
inferior  ante  vel  in  apicem  exit ;  cellula  seemidaria  lantmn  hul'icata  ; 
rami  infra  vcnam  furcatam  quincpu;  se])arati;  vena  snbdorsalis  fur- 
cata  ;  postcrion^s  :  vena  mediana  trijida ;  cellula  costalis  elongata, 
in  medio  non  coaretata. 

Head  smooth.  Ocelli  none.  Antenna'  of  the  male  with  Ihc  joints 
rather  dentate  and  pubescent-ciliated.  Tongue  of  moderate  length, 
clothed  with  scales  towards  the  base.  Labial  palpi  moderately  long, 
rejlexed,  with  the  third  joint  pointed.  Wings  oblong  or  elongate,  with 
short  cilia  (the  posterior  with  no  hyaline  patch  towards  tiu;  base),  in 
the  anterior  wings  the  lower  brancli  of  the  forked  apical  vein  runs  into 
the  costa  before  or  at  the  apex  ;  below  it  are  five  separate;  veins  Irom 
the  discoidal  cell;  the  secondary  cell  is  ouli/  indicated;  the  subdorsal 
vein  is  furcate,  in  the  posterior  wings  the  median  vein  is  trijid,  and 
the  elongated  costal  cell  is  not  contracted  iu  tlie  middle. 


03  HYPONOMEUTID.-E. 

The  species  of  this  genus^  many  of  wliicli  are  higlily  beautiful, 
seem  exclusively  attached  to  the  Boraginca,  on  which  their  larvse 
feed.  One  species,  A.  hqmncteUa,  is  known  to  be  double-brooded, 
but  others  probably  have  also  two  generations  in  the  year. 

Of  the  four  British  species,  two  remain  at  present  extremely 
rare,  though  by  no  means  scarce  on  the  continent,  where  a  fifth 
species  also  occurs. 

1.  pusiella,  Eocmer,  G.  I.  22.  pi.  23.  f.  9  (1789);  Panzer;  Go- 
dart  ;  Cm't. ;  Step. ;  Dup. — sequella,  VV.  V. — LltJiosj)ermeUa,  Hiib. ; 
Treit. — scalella,  Zell. ;  Scop.  ?  Alls  auticis  albis,  vUla  media  irregii- 
lari  nigra,  f[uasi  maculis  tribns  utrinque  conflucntibus,  uiaciilis  puuc- 
tisque  nigris,  abdominc  albo.     Exp.  al.  13i  lin. 

Head  and  face  wliite.  Palpi  white ;  the  Ijase  of  the  second  and 
terminal  joints  black.  Antenna'  dark  luscous.  Anterior  wings  white, 
ivilh  an  irregular  blaclc  streak  running  along  the  middle  of  the  wing,  from 
the  base  of  the  costa  to  near  the  hinder  mnrgiu ;  its  irregular  form  ap- 
pears to  arise  from  three  pair  of  spots  being  attached  to  it,  of  which  those 
towards  the  costa  are  placed  posteriorly  to  the  others ;  near  the  costa 
towards  the  base  is  an  oblong  black  spot,  and  a  small  round  black 
spot  lies  beyond  and  below  it ;  in  the  middle  of  the  costa  is  a  black 
blotch,  and  beyond  the  middle  are  two  small  black  spots  obliquely 
])laccd,  and  beyond  them  are  three  black  spots  obliquely  placed ;  near 
the  inner  margin  towards  the  base,  and  below  the  fold  towards  the 
middle,  are  two  other  black  spots ;  the  binder  margin  and  apex  of  the 
costa  are  spotted  with  black ;  cilia  white,  with  a  black  dash  imme- 
diately below  the  apex.  Posterior  wings  pale  fuscous ;  towards  the 
inner  margin  white;  cilia  white.     Abdomen  white. 

Jh'itish  specimens  are  cxtrcnnely  rare;  the  insect  appears  in 
June  and  -Inly;  the  larva  feeding  on  Llthospermum  and  Fnlmo- 
naria  in  May. 

2.  bipunctella,  Pab.  S.  E.  668.  7  {\lir,).—EcJ,ieIIa,  W.  V. ; 
lliib.;  (jiodart;  (Au't. ;  Trcit.  ;  Step.;  Dup.;  Zell. — Ilocliemcartiella, 
Rossi.  Alis  anticis  costani  versus  saturate  fuscis,  dorsum  versus  albis, 
margine  postico,  apiceque  costixi  nigro-punctatis,  atjdomine  tiiteo.  Exp. 
al.  ill  lin. 

Head  and  fiicc  white.  Palpi  black  ;  terminal  joint  white.  Antcnnre 
fuscous.  Anterior  wings  dark  fuscous  along  the  costa ;  along  the  inner 
margin  Khite,  with  two  dark  fuscous  spots  in  the  fold,  one  before  and 
one  iu  the  middle,  attached  to  the  dark  half  of  the  wing;  beyond  the 
nnddle  the  white  projects  a  little  into  the  dark  fuscous,  but  immedi- 
ately beyond  is  again  a  dark  fuscous  projection  into  the  white ;  the 
hinder  margin  and  apex  of  the  costa,  which  latter  is  white,  are  spotted 
with  I)laek;  ciHa  whitish,  with  a  dark  fuscous  dash  immediately  below 
the  apex.  Posterior  wings  whitish-grey,  with  paler  cilia.  Abdomen 
dirty  yellow. 


AXESYCIIIA.  G3 

This  pretty  species  is  no  coiiimuiier  with  us  th;in  the  preceding; 
it  appears  in  May  and  August;  the  larva  feeds  on  {Kc/ihau  vvt- 
(jare)  viper's  bugloss  in  July  and  October. 

3.  funerella.  Fab.  Man.   ii.   2t7.   71-   (1787);    Iliib.  ;    Godart ;   ^.    UT 
Treit. ;    Step.;    Diip. ;    Zell. — -fiiiierea,   Haw.     Alls   auticis   latioribus     ^q-c_ 
albis  jjostice  Aligns,  coda  pmeter  maeulara  albam  pone  medium  late  Irre- 
f/uluritcr(j^ue  nigra,  nunctis  duobus  basim  versus  nigris.     Exp.  al.  7i 
lin. 

Head  white ;  in  the  middle  black,  race  white.  Palpi  dark  grey  ; 
terminal  joint  black.  Antcnntc  dark  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  rather 
broad,  white,  with  deep  l)lack  spots  and  markings  ;  at  the  base  of  the 
eosta  is  an  oblong  spot,  and  short  streak  immediately  beyond  it  on  the 
costa ;  beyond  is  an  irregular-shaped  costal  blotch  (leaving  only  a  trian- 
gular white  spot  on  the  costa  beyond  the  middle),  v:hich  projects  to- 
wards the  base  and  toicards  the  inner  margin,  and  generally  unites  with 
the  black  apical  portion  of  the  wing ;  in  the  latter,  towards  the  hinder 
margin,  are  a  few  whitish  scales ;  towards  the  base,  near  the  inner 
margin,  are  two  round  black  s})ots  obliquely  placed  ;  cilia  dark  grey, 
with  the  tips  whitish.  Posterior  wings  dark  fuscous ;  towards  the 
inner  margin  whitish,  with  paler  cilia. 

Long  doubted  as  a  British  species ;  recently  taken  in  tolerable 
plenty  in  the  Candnidgesliirc  fens  in  June. 

■t.  decemguttella,  Iliib.  Tin.  303  (ISKi) ;  'J'rcit. ;  Frey.  ;  Dup. ; 
Zcll. — dodecea,  Ilaw. ;  Step.  Alls  anticis  albis  grisesccute-sull'usis, 
piinclis  nndecim  magnis  irrcgularibus  atris.     hjxp.  al.  10  lin. 

Head  and  face  white.  Palpi  black ;  internally  whitish ;  terminal 
joint  whitish,  with  a  black  ring  at  the  base  and  another  towards  the 
apex.  Antenna;  dark  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  white,  with  a  slight 
greyish  tint,  with  eleven  rather  large  dark  black  spots,  viz.  two  small  at 
the  base,  one  on  the  subcostal  vein,  and  one  on  the  Ibid;  nearly  fol- 
lowing the  line  of  the  fold  arc  four  others,  the  first  in  the  fold  not  hu' 
from  the  base,  the  second  a  little  below  the  fold,  the  third  is  larger, 
and  lies  in  the  fold  about  the  middle  of  the  wing,  the  fourth  and  largest 
is  above  the  fold  towards  the  anal  angle;  on  the  disc  before  the  middle 
are  two  spots,  the  anterior  nearer  to  the  costa  ;  in  a  line  with  the  lower 
one  on  the  disc  are  two  others,  one  beyond  the  middle,  the  other  to- 
wards the  hinder  margin,  and  near  the  eosta,  nearly  between  these  two, 
is  another  spot;  cilia  whitish.  Posterior  wings  dark  greyish-fuscous, 
with  paler  cilia. 

Not  common;  the  perfect  insect  ai)pears  in  ]\lay  and  dune, 
sitting  on  the  tops  of  the  Uowcrs  of  the  JAl/iospermnin  (according 
to  the  interesting  account  of  its  habits  given  by  ]\[r.  Harding,  in 
the  'Zoologist'  for  TSfS,  p.  2832).  The  larva  feeds  on  that 
plant  in  September  and  October. 


64  IIYPONOMEUTIB.E. 

Genus  V.     CHALVBE.       iv4>  {v'^;i-^\ 
CiiALYBE,  Dap.  L.  F.  X.  343  (1836).     Psecaclia  p.,  Zcll. 

The  nincli  shorter,  porrected,  not  reflexcd  palpi,  as  well  as  the 
general  fades  of  the  insect,  point  this  ont  as  distinct  from  xine- 
sych'ia ;  the  want  however  of  a  series  of  specimens  for  investiga- 
tion prevents  me  from  giving  the  generic  characters  more  in  de- 
tail. Whereas  in  Anesi/cliia  the  ground-colour  of  the  anterior 
wings  is  ivhite,  with  black  spots  and  markings,  in  this  genus  the 
ground-colour  is  hlach  or  hlue-hlacic,  with  deep  black  spots.  Tive 
very  closely  allied  species  are  known  on  the  continent,  one  of 
which  was  detected  in  Sutherlandshire  last  May,  by  Mr.  Buxton. 

1.  pyrausta,  Pallas,  Reisen,  i.  170  (1774) ;  Zell.  (Ent.  Ztg.  IS  J4). 
— a(7-opiii,cldhi,  VVenner  (Tlunib.).  Alis  anticis  atro-fumosis,  puuctis 
Irihns  atris  JoiKjitndlnallter  dispositis  ;  alis  posticis  fumosis  ;  ano  luteo. 
Exp.  al.  8  lin. 

Head,  face,  palpi,  and  antenna;  black.  Anterior  wings  sooli/ -black, 
with  three  deep  black  spots,  placed  nearly  in  a  line  longUudbialli/,  the 
first  not  far  from  tlie  base,  the  second  a  little  before  the  middle,  both 
on  the  fold,  the  third  and  most  conspicuous  at  the  termination  of  the 
discoidal  cell ;  cilia  sooty-black.  Posterior  wings  and  cilia  dark  smoky- 
grey.     The  posterior  lialf  of  the  abdomen  yellow. 

A  single  specimen  of  this  conspicuous  species  w^as  taken  in 
Sutherlandshire,  last  May,  by  Mr.  Buxton.  Sv\)«ASUAA(P>wfVv,x  Lmth.^a-^) 


Genus  VI.     PRAYS.      ^HI.  -\ 


a'C=-_. 


I'raijs  p.,  lliib.      Telea  p.,  Step,     xl'^dia  p.,  Dap.      Q<lcopliora  p.,  Zell. 

Caput  ol)tusura,  pilis  appressis.  Ocelli  nulli.  Palpi  labiales  brevins- 
c\\\\,JlliforiiH's,  apiccm  versus  viv  alteunati.  Maustellum  mediocre, 
nndmn..  Abe  anteriores  oblonga'^,  posteriores  latiuscula?  breviter  ci- 
liatic.  Ahu  anteriores  :  stigma  distinctum  ;  vena^  apicalis  ramus  in- 
ferior sub  apicem  exit ;  subdorsalis  longissime  furcata  ;  posteriores  : 
cellula  costalis  ahbreviata. 

Head  obtuse,  smooth.  Ocelli  none.  Labial  pah'i  rather  ^xwi,  Jlli- 
form,  hardhj  attenuated  towards  the  ajicx.  Tongue  of  moderate  length, 
naked.  Anterior  wings  oblong;  ])osterior  rather  broad,  with  short 
cilia.  In  tlic  anterior  wings  the  stigma  is  distinct ;  the  lower  branch 
of  the  apical  vein  runs  into  the  lander  viar<jln ;  the  subdorsal  vein  is 
furcate  for  a  considerable  length.  In  the  posterior  wings  tlie  costal 
cell  is  abbreviated. 

The  perfect  insect  of  the  only  species  in  the  genus  has  a  con- 
siderable prima  facie  resemblance  with  Ancst/c/iia.      Its  larva 


I'l.lTKM.IDT..  G5 

feeds  on  the  biuls  of  the  ash-treo,   and  forms  an  open  network 
cocoon,  but  its  liabits  Iiave  not  yet  been  fully  investigated. 

1.  Curtisellus,  Don.  P..  I.  ii.  pi.  03  (1793);  Step.— CWWm/V,   vK- JlT 
Haw. — macnic'lla.  Fab.- — C(cnobUdl((,  Jliib.;  l)up. — -fruxhidla,  Bjerk.?     ^a-c 
— var.  rndiea.  Haw.     Alis  anticis  albis,  luacula  magna  costali  nigra, 
basim  versus  attenuata,  in  medio  plicam  superante,  dorso  basim  versus 
striis  abbreviatis,  transversis,  fuseis,  margiue  postieo  uigro  nebulosis 
(var.  alis  anticis  unicoloribus  obscure  fuscis).     Exp.  al.  7.V  lin. 

Head  aud  face  white.  I'alpi  dark  fuscous  ;  tips  of  the  teruiiual  joiut 
white.  Antenuje  dark  fuscous.  Anterior  wiugs  white,  with  a  dark 
fuscous,  almost  black  blotch  on  the  costa,  extcndiug  from  the  base  to 
beyond  the  middle  of  the  wing;  at  the  base  it  is  extremely  narrow, 
but  in  the  middle  it  reaches  across  the  fold ;  in  it,  ou  the  costa  be.youd 
the  middle,  is  a  small  whitish  spot;  ou  the  inner  luargiu  near  the  liase 
arc  some  short  transverse  fuscous  streaks,  along  the  hiuder  margin  are 
several  dark  fuscous  or  black  blotches ;  cilia  dark  fuscous.  Posterior 
wnngs  greyish-fuscous,  with  jialcr  cilia.  In  tiu;  variety  rmtlca  of  11a- 
worth,  the  head  aud  face  arc  dirty  ochrcous,  aud  the  anterior  wiugs 
unicolorous,  dingy  fuscous.  Intermediate  specimens,  in  which  the  cos- 
tal blotch  is  dimly  shadowed,  occur. 

Not  uncommon  among  ash-trecs  in  June  aiul  -luly.  ]\Ir.  Henry 
Doubleday  found  the  full-fed  larva?  descending  from  the  trees  by 
their  threads,  and  bred  from  them  both  tlie  tyjiical  insect  aiul  the 
variety.  Mr.  Preston  had  previously  found  the  larva  feedintr  on 
the  hardly-developed  leaf-buds  of  the  ash. 


Family  IV.     PLUTELLIlliE. 

Caput  hirsutum.  Palpi  labialcs  articulo  sccundo  infra  in  fascieulum  pro- 

ducto.     ^'Jiilouuc  ill  quii'te  j)ofrcct(T;.     Larca  fusiformis,  7io)i,  sacco- 

pJiora. 

Head  rough.  Labial  palin  with  the  second  joiut  furnished  beneath 
with  a  projecting  tuft  of  scales.  Jntcmuc  pornclcd  in  repose.  Larca 
fusiform,  not  liviiuj  in  a  case. 

The  porrected  antenna)  of  these  insects  give  them  a  certain  re- 
semblance with  the  Coicojj//ori//a;  from  whicb  the  bi-oader  j)ost(rior 
wings  and  rough  head  suHieiently  distinguish  lliem,  iiuh  pendent 
of  the  ditl'erence  in  the  habits  of  the  larva;. 

The  greater  breadth  of  the  anterior  wings  of  the  only  sp(>eies 
known  in  the  first  genus,  does  not  interfere  with  its  ailinities  in 
other  respects,  and  its  true  place  is  certaiidy  here. 

The  four  genera  in  this  family  may  be  easily  distinguished 
thus  : — 

VOL.   III.  K 


()C  PLUTKT.LTD.?;. 

a.  Antennas  thickened  witli  scales,  towards  the  base.     1.  Eidopiiasia. 
a  a.  Antennpe  not  thickened  with  scales,  towards  the  base. 
b.  Posterior  wings  with  moderate  cilia. 

c.  Posterior  wings  rather  narrow.     3.  Plutella. 
c  c.  Posterior  wings  rather  broad.     3.  Cerostoma. 
b  b.  Posterior  wings  with  long  cilia.     4.  Tiieuistis. 

Genns  I.     EIDOPHASIA.     fC-^.^'^^' 

Eidopiiasia,  Step.  Entom.  418  {Add.  et  Corrhj.  1842).  Parasemia, 
Step.  Ent.  202. 

Caput  hirsutum.  Antennre  sujn'a  basim  squamis  incrassatce,  coeterani 
crenato-dentatse,  articulis  subelongatis.  llanstellum  breve,  squama- 
tum.  Palpi  maxillarcs  nuUi.  Palpi  labiales  tenues,  articulo  sc- 
cundo  infra  in  fasciculum  tenuem  producto,  tertio  aculeiformi.  Aire 
oblonijfp,  mediocriter  cilialac;,  upice  ohtuso.  Alse  anteriores :  vena 
apicalis  simplex  ante  apicera  exit,  infra  earn  rami  sex,  quorum  in- 
iimus  cum  pcnultimo  non  coalescit ;  cellula  secundaria  bene  indicata: 
vena  subilorsalis  longe  furcata  ;  ala;  postcriores  :  cellula  costalis  clon- 
gata ;  vena  subcostalis  simplex  supra  apiccm  exit,  cum  scquente  non 
coalescit ;  vena  mediana  trifida. 

Head  rough.  Antennae  tJuckened  with  scales  to?oards  the  base,  the 
remainder  almost  dentate,  with  rather  elongate  joints.  Tongue  short, 
clothed  with  scales.  INIaxillary  palpi  undeveloped.  Labial  palpi  slen- 
der, with  the  second  joint  produced  beneath  in  a  slender  tuft ;  third 
joint  acuminate.  Wings  oblong,  with  moderate  cilia ;  the  apex  obtuse. 
In  the  anterior  wings  the  simple  apical  vein  runs  into  the  costa  before 
the  apex  ;  below  it  six  veins  run  into  the  hinder  margin,  of  which  the 
lowermost  is  not  united  with  the  penultimate ;  the  secondary  cell  is 
well  indicated  ;  the  stibdorsal  vein  is  forked  for  a  considerable  length. 
Tn  the  posterior  wings  the  costal  cell  is  elongate,  the  simple  subcostal 
vein  runs  into  the  costa  before  the  apex,  and  is  not  united  with  the  fol- 
lowing ;  the  median  vein  is  trifid. 

Only  one  species  is  yet  known  in  tins  genus,  find  of  the  habits 
of  that  but  little  has  been  observed ;  according  to  Mr.  Sirconi's 
remarks,  it  flies  in  woods  among  oaks  at  dusk,  keeping  very  near 
the  ground. 

1.  Messiiigiella,  E.  v.  E.  193.  pi.  68.  f.  3  {\>^Z^S).—transwrseUa, 
il-i  Step,  (bjutoni.)  Alis  auticis  fuscis,  fascia  fere  recta  costara  versus  at- 
toiiuata,  dilute  lutea,  macula  costal  pone  medium,  fere  obsoleta,  pallida. 
Exp.  al.  T)  lin. 

Head  and  face  ochreous-fuscous.  Palpi  fuscous;  terminal  joint 
paler.  Aiiteiiii;e  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  fuscous,  with  a  nearly  straight 
pale  yellow  fascia,  almost  in  the  middle,  attenuated  on  tlie  costa,  where 
it  is  rather  nearer  to  the  base ;  a  small  nearly  obsolete  pale  spot  lies  on 
the  costa  beyond  the  middle;   cilia  pale  fuscous.    Posterior  wings  grey- 


■Ck-C- 


I'HTKLl.A.  07 

i'^li-fuscous,  witli  paler  cilia,  lii  some  specimous  tiie  fascia  of  tin;  an- 
terior wings  is  abbreviated,  lianlly  reaching  beyond  tlie  Ibkl,  apjiearing 
as  a  spot  on  the  iinicr  iiiargin. 

A^ot  common;  the  perlcct  insect  appears  in  June. 


Genus  II.    PJLUTSLLA.    ^^HT.   L^''   '  ' 

Pi.i-TELLA,  Schr.  F.  P..  ii.  KU)  (1S0;2)  ;  Zett.  Cin-odoma,  Curt. ;  Stej). 
Aluclta  p.,  Fab.;  Lat. ;  Dup.  Anadeiia  p.,  iliib.  VpHobjpht'ii  p., 
Haw.  Vlaldla  p.,  Trcit. ;  Zell. 
(Japut  hirsutuea.  Aiitciuia.'  siniplioes,  artieulis  valdo  ilistiiiclis.  llaus- 
telluin  mediocre,  nudum.  J'aipi  inaxillares  iilifbrmes,  breves.  I'alpi 
labiales  articulo  secundo  infra  in  faseiculum  sul)atteuuatuni  producto, 
tertio  erccto,  aculeifornii.  Abe  eloiiguUc,  ciliis  longiuseulis  infra 
alarum  apicem  non  inii)rcssis,  podcnurcs  lmtceolal(C.  Ahe  anteriores: 
vena  apiealis  simplex  ante  apicem  exeurrit,  infra  cam  rami  sex,  quo- 
rum intimns  a  penultimo  longe  distat ;  pL-iudlhuua  ct  autcpennlluiiufi 
ex  eodem  piuicto  prodemit ;  ccllula  secuuilaria  iudieata ;  vena  sub- 
dorsalis  longe  furcata  ;  ala.'  posteriorcs  :  cellula  costalis  sid)ito  at- 
tenuata  ;  \ena  apiealis  iv'/z/yy/cf ;  vena  subapiealis  fureata.  FoUieulus 
larvfu  rc'licnUformis. 

Head  rough.  Antenn;e  not  thickened  with  scales,  with  the  joints 
very  distinct.  Tongue  of  moderate  length,  naked.  ]\Iaxillary  palpi 
short,  iilifonn.  Labial  palpi  with  the  second  joint  prolonged  beneath 
in  a  rather  slender  tuft;  the  thu'd  joint  erect,  acuminate.  Wings  elou- 
(jdlc,  with  rather  long  cilia  not  indented  below  the  apex;  i\\c poslerior 
/ch/r/s  lancc'olnfe.  In  the  anterior  wings  the  simple  a[)ieal  vein  runs 
into  the  costa  before  the  apex;  below  it  are  six  veins  from  the  discoidal 
cell,  of  which  the  lowermost  is  remote  from  the  penultimate,  aitd  llie  pe- 
nidthuate  and  autepenuUimaU'  proceed  from  the  name  po'ud ;  the  second- 
ary cell  is  faintly  indicated  ;  the  subdorsal  vein  is  i"u.rcate  for  a  consi- 
derable distance.  In  the  posterior  wings  the  costal  cell  is  suddenly 
attenuated,  the  apical  vein  is  shiipJe,  and  the  subapical  vein  furcate. 
The  larva  constructs  an  ojmi,  network  cocoon.  (/-•.  Dahlia  shows  se- 
veral discrepancies  from  the  generic  characters  above  given  :  the  maxil- 
lary jjalpi  are  rather  long  ;  the  secoiul  joint  of  the  labial  palpi  is  scarcely 
jiroduced  to  a  tuft ;  and  in  the  ))osterior  wings  the  costal  cell  is  more 
gradually  attennated,  and  the  subapical  vein  is  simple.) 

The  insects  of  litis  genus  make  but  sltort^  rather  straight  ilights, 
speedily  settling  again  on  the  low  herbage.  P.  jiorrcclcUa  appears 
solely  attached  to  the  Jlcsjieris  maLroiial'is,  but  1\  Cruaferarum 
cats  with  avidity  most  of  the  Crueiferotis  jjlants.  Iti  the  year 
1851  this  insect  was  excessively  abundant  throughout  the  country, 
atid  from  Southend  in  Essex,  to  Belfast,  the  same  enormous 
multiplication  of  the  species  was  observed;    the  turnip-growers 


68  PLUTELLID^. 

tlioTiglit  some  new  liliglit  had  fallen  upon  their  crops,  but  for- 
tunately subsequent  years  have  not  shown  a  continuance  of  the 
inordinate  numbers  of  this  species,  which  was  probably  checked 
by  a  timely  increase  of  its  parasitic  foes. 

There  are  only  four  British  species,  of  which  the  first  three  are 
very  similar  in  markings.  ^  ,_ 

^p  _^  1.  Cruciferarum,   Zell.  Ent.   Ztg,   1813.  p,   283. — Xi/losMla, 

\H-  iQ"        lliib. ;  Treit. ;  Step.;  l)up. —  '^  macHripenms,Qmi.;  Step.;  Sta.    Alis 

^a  _  c        auticis  griseo-fuscis,  saturate  fusco  punctatis,  dorso  dilute  ochreo,  deu- 

tibus  tribiis  rotundatis  plicam  superantibus  (  $  dorso  vix  distincte  di- 

vf-U-  ?•     hitiore,  ncbulis  plicfc  fuscis).     Exp.  al.  7i  liu. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  greyish-ocin-eous.  Antenufe  whitish,  amiulated 
with  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  greyish-fuscous,  spotted  with  dark  fus- 
cous ;  the  inner  margin  pale  ochreous,  with  three  rounded  projections 
across  the  Ibid  (in  the  $  the  inner  nuu-gin  is  less  decidedly  paler,  and 
there  are  some  fuscous  spots  along  the  fold) ;  cilia  grey,  varied  with 
fuscous,     Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Always  common,  and  sometimes  very  abundant  among  cab- 
bages and  other  Cruciferous  plants ;  the  perfect  insect  appears  in 
May  and  August;  the  larva  in  June,  July,  and  September. 

2.  p©rrectella,  Linn.  S.  N.  (10).  B-IO.  282  (1758);  W.  V. ; 
'i'rcat. ;  Step. ;  Dup. — llesperhlella,  Hiib. — lleaperidis.  Haw. — FetUe- 
nleUus,  Dahlb.  (N.  A.  H.)  Alis  auticis  albidls,  ochreo  vel  fascesceate 
striatis,  dorso  dilutiore,  vitta  sinuata  supra  plicam  saturate  fusca,  mar- 
(jbie  postico  fusco  mgro-pnnctato.     Exp.  al.  7  lin. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  whitish.  Antenua;  wliitish.  Anterior  wings 
whitish,  streaked  with  ochreous  or  pale  fuscous,  the  inner  margin  paler; 
a  sinuated  fuscous  streak  above  the  told  runs  from  the  base  uearly  to 
the  apex ;  the  hinder  margin  is  fuscous,  spotted  with  blactc,  and  along 
the  costa  and  inner  margin  arc  some  small  (hu'k  fuscous  spots ;  cilia 
whitish,  varied  with  black.     Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  ciUa. 

Common  in  gardens  among  Hesjjeris  matronalis  in  May  and 
July.     The  larva  feeds  on  that  plant  in  April  and  June. 

3.  annulatella.  Curt.  B.  E.  fo.  420  (1832);  Step. — hicingnlata, 
H.-S.  vVhs  anticis  dilute  griseo-ochreis,  costam  versus  valde  fusco- 
suifusis,  dorso  dilutiore,  dentibus  dnabus  plicaju  superantibus,  vitta  si- 
nuata plictC  usque  ad  medium  saturate  fusca,  margine  postico  fusco- 
puuetato.     Exp,  al.  8  lin. 

Head  and  face  grcyish-ochreous.  Palpi  pale  ochreous.  Antenna) 
ochreous-fuscous.  Anterior  wings  pale  greyish-ochrcous,  much  suf- 
fused with  fuscous  towards  the  costa ;  tlie  inner  margin  paler,  with  tico 
j)rojeetious  across  the  fold,  the  first  in  the  viiddle,  the  other  towards 
the  anal  angle ;  a  siimated  dark  fuscous  streak  runs  above  the  fold  to  a 
little  before  the  middle;  the  hinder  margin  is  spotted  with  fuscous; 
cilia  pale  grcyish-ochreous.     Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 


CEHOSTOMA.  09 

A  northern  species,  in  few  collections :  my  specimens  were 
taken  on  the  coast  near  Belfast  in  September. 

4.  Dalella,  Sta.  Cat.  p.  11  i\SV,)).—vl(Mla,  Hub.  Tin.  IGt.  Alls 
anticis  gri-scis,  griseo-fusco  mavmoratis,  posticc  albido-sqiianialis,  triaa- 
gulis  tribus  dorsi  dihitioribus,  spatiis  iiiterjcctis  saturate  grisco-fiiseis, 
niaculis  diiabus  costic  pone  mediuiu  i'ascis,  apicc  luargiiiis  postici  nigi'o- 
jjinictato.     Exp.  al.  10  lin. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  dark  greyish-fuscous.  Antcnnic  dark  fuscous. 
Anterior  wings  grey,  luarbleil  with  greyish-fuscous,  posteriorly  with 
sonic  whitish  scales;  on  the  inner  margin  arc  three  pale  triangles,  Ihc 
first  near  the  base  very  small,  the  second  in  the  middle  rcacliing  to  the 
fold,  and  sometimes  produced  posteriorly  beyond  it,  and  the  third  be- 
yond the  middle  reaching  beyond  the  fold ;  the  spaces  between  tliesc 
triangidar  marks  are  dark  greyish-fuscous ;  on  the  costa  beyond  the 
middle  are  two  fuscous  spots ;  towards  the  apex  of  the  hinder  nun-gin 
are  two  or  three  black  sjjots ;  cilia  greyish-fuscous,  with  two  darker 
lines.     Posterior  wings  grey,  with  jjalcr  cilia. 

Not  nncommon  in  the  north  of  England  and  Scotlaiul,  in  Scp- 
Iciuber.  j\rany  specimens  have  been  taken  near  liiiddirsfiehl  by 
the  Rev.  J.  Johnson. 


Genus  HI.     CEROSTOMA.         W-HT-  ^i 

Cj-.kostoma,  Lat.  11.  N.  xiv.  217  (1802).  Ilarp/jj/eri/x  p..  Curt. 
Plntella  ]).,  Zell.  Ili/psulopha,  lUi'mosia  ]i.,  et  .//arj)ip/<'/-i/.v\).,  Treit.  ; 
T)up.     JJarpipleri/x,  lIi/ps(Aopha,  ct  CluetockUns,  Step. 

Caput  hirsutum.  Ant{>nna)  simpliccs,  vix  crcnulatic.  Ilaustellum  me- 
diocre, nudum.  Palpi  maxillares  distiucti,  filiformcs.  Palpi  labialcs, 
articulo  secundo  infra  in  fasciculum  producto,  tertio  erecto  aculei- 
formi.  Ahie  antcriores  elongatic  vel  oblongiu,  intcrdum  caiuhdic ; 
ala'  postcriorcs  ante  angulum  analem  levitcr  retuscc,  lanceolata\  me- 
iViocriter  cUlatcp.  ;  al:c  antcriores:  vena  apicalis  furcata  supra  ct  infra 
apiccm  cxcurrit,  infra  cam  rami  (piinciuc;  ccllula  seeuiulariaywytr/a; 
alie  posteriores :  ccllula  costalis  elongata,  posticc  atleuuata ;  vena 
a))icalis/«rcr//«.     Pollieulus  larvae  mlidm. 

Head  rough.  Antenna)  not  thickened,  slightly  indented  between 
the  joints.  The  tongue  of  moderate  length,  naked.  Maxillary  p;dpi 
distinct,  filiform.  Labial  palpi  with  the  second  joint  i)r()l()nged  be- 
neath in  a  tuft;  terminal  joint  erect,  acuminate.  Anterior  wings  elon- 
gate or  oblong,  sometimes  caiulatc ;  posterior  wings  slightly  emargi- 
nate  before  the  anal  angle,  lanceolate,  with  modcratdij  lout/  cilia.  In 
the  anterior  wings  the  furcate  apical  vein  runs  out  above  and  below  the 
apex;  below  it  are  five  veins  from  the  discoidal  eell ;  tlie  secondary  cell 
is  complete.     In  the  posterior  wings  the  elongate  costal   cell  is  postc- 


70  TLUTELLID.E. 

riorly  attenuated  ;  tlie  apical  vein  is  furcate.  The  larva  forms  a  close 
silken  cocoon. 

The  insects  of  tliis  genus  appear  at  the  end  of  summer  and  au- 
tumn ;  many  of  the  late  species  hybernating,  and  being  again  met 
with  in  the  sprmg;  when  at  rest  they  are  easily  disturbed,  but 
generally  drop  ouly  from  one  portion  of  the  busli  or  hedge  to 
another,  and  rarely  make  use  of  their  wings.  The  larva  of  C. 
a-ylodclla  (green,  with  a  broad  red  stripe  on  the  back)  is  the  most 
g(!nerally  met  with  :  it  is  attenuated  anteriorly,  extremely  active, 
and,  when  full-fed,  constructs  a  very  firm,  close  silken  cocoon. 

The  iieuration  of  the  anterior  wings  is  not  identical  in  all  the 
species,"  as  may  be  seen  from  the  following  table  : — 

A.  Apical  vehi  furcate;  below  it  five  veins  from  the  discoidal  cell. 
B.  The  three  lowermost  of  these  v(,nus  are  not  miited  at  their  origin. 

Species  1-5. 
B  n.  The  two  lowermost  of  these  veins  are  united  at  their  orii^'iu. 
Species  11,  12. 
A  A.  Apical  vein  simple ;  below  it  six  veins  from  the  discoidal  coll. 
c.  The  tlsree  lowest  of  these  veins  are  not  united  at  their  origin. 

Species  7. 
c  c.  The   penultimate  and  antepenultimate  of  these  veins,  proceed 
from  the  same  point.     Species  G,  8-10. 

The  t,welve  British  species  may  (v/ithout  denuding  the  wings) 
be  placed  in  the  following  table : — 

a.  The  cilia  of  the  anterior  wings  not  retuse  below  the  apex.     Sp.  1-4. 
a  a.  The  cilia  of  the  anterior  Avings  retuse  below  the  apex.     Sp.  5-7. 
a  a  a.  The  anterior  wings  slightly  caudate.     Species  8-10. 
n  a  n  a.  The  anterior  wings  caudate.     Species  11,  12. 

1.  seq^ella,  Clerck,  I.  Thx.f.  11(1759);  Linn.;  Tab.;  Godart; 
Haw.;  Treit.;  Step. ;  Dup. — mjctenierella,^ .^ .;  Fab. — pnMclla,\J\\\\\.'^ 
Alis  anticis  albis,  vitta  dentata  dorsali  nigra,  striis  nuraerosis  costa3  ab- 
brcviatis  nigris,  apice  costa;  margincque  postico  nigrescente-punctatis. 
Exp.  al.  8  lin. 

.llca(b  tace,  and  palpi  white.  Antenme  blackish.  Anterior  wings 
while,  with  an  indented  black  hlotch  on  the  inner  margin,  reaching  be- 
yond the  middle ;  at  the  base  and  between  the  indentations  it  touches 
the  fold,  and  at  its  hinder  end  it  crosses  the  fold ;  along  the  costa  are 
several  short  black  streaks,  a  more  conspicuous  one  in  the  middle, 
slo])ing  inwardly,  reaches  nearly  half  across  the  wing,  and  an  irregular 
black  mark  beyond  the  middle  of  the  costa,  almost  unites  with  the  ter- 
mination of  tlie  blotch  on  the  inner  margin  ;  along  the  apex  of  the  costa 
and  hinder  margin,  and  at  the  anal  angle,  are  some  black  or  hlackish 
marks;  cilia  wliite  at  the  apex,  in  the  middle  of  the  hinder  margin 
and  at  the  anal  angle  hlackish.     Posterior  wings  grey,  witii  paler  cilia. 


CFR()STO>rA.  71 

Nut  common,  a])pe;irs  iii  .Inly  and  Auu'ust.  Tlio  larva  (ac- 
cording" to  iMadame  Liciiig)  feeds  on  limes  ami  sallows,  in  M;iy 
and  June. 

2.  vittella,  Linn.  S.N.  (10)  53S.  2G1  (1758);  CI. ;  Fab.;  ITau".; 
Dup. — vilidla,  Hiib.;  Step.;  ZcU. — si  si/ mh  re  1 1  a,  W.  V. — \ar.  n/a/arl/n^t. 
Step.  Alis  anticis  ^mr/.v  satunitiorc  variogaiis,  vitta  deutata  dorsali  ni- 
gra, puncto  ad  angulum  aualcni,  stria([uc  apieis  uigris.    Exp.  al.  S.^  liii. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  (/re^.  Antenna;  dark  fnseous.  Anterior  wings 
ffrei/,  mottled  with  darker,  with  a  black  blotch  on  the  inner  margin, 
from  near  the  base  to  beyond  the  middle,  indented  or  interrapted  iu 
the  middle  and  not  reaching  to  the  fold  ;  a  small  spot  at  the  anal  angle 
and  a  streak  at  the  apex  of  the  wing  black ;  cilia  pale  grey,  opposite 
the  apical  streak  dark  grey.  Posterior  wings  ])ale  grey,  paler  towards 
the  base,  with  paler  cilia.  In  the  variety  viaurcUus,  Step.,  the  entire 
dorsal  half  of  the  anterior  wings  is  blackish,  only  a  narrow  space  along 
the  costa  being  greyish-ochreous. 

Sometimes  not  uncommon  among  elms  iu  July  and  August. 
The  larva  feeds  in  May  on  elm,  beech,  and  (according  to  Madame 
Lieuig)  honeysuckle. 

3.  radiatella,  Don.  B.  I.  iii.  pi.   77   (179 1);  Step.  —  racUalns,    (Jv.  jjy 
Haw.- — varudla,   lliib.  ;   Step. — varlaiis.  Haw. — -JisseUa,  Hiib.;  Step.; 
Treit. ;  Dnp.  ;  Zell.— ^.s.s«s.  Haw.    Alis  anticis  ochreis,  griseo  vel  rnfo     '^'^ 
mixtis,  fnseisve,  puncto  satm-ate  fusco  pone  medium  supra  plicam  ; 
interdum  vitta  media  saturate  fusca,  interduin  striis  numerosis  pallidis. 
E.xp.  al.  S  lin. 

A  hiosl  variable  species.  Head,  face,  and  paljM  greyish-ochreous  or 
fuscous.  Antcnnre  pale  or  dark  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  either  grey- 
ish-ochreous, pale  ochreous,  rcddish-ochrcous,  or  fuscous,  with  a  dark 
fuscous  spot  above  the  fold  beyond  tlu;  middle ;  sometimes  with  a  thick 
dark  fuscous  streak  along  the  middle  of  tiie  wing,  sometimes  with  nu- 
merous pale  streaks  npon  a  dark  ground  ;  cilia  usually  paler  than  the 
wing,  frccpiently  with  the  apex  dark.  Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler 
cilia. 

Abundant  among  oaks  iu  August  ami  September;  hybernalcd 
specimens  arc  not  uniVequent  iu  the  spring.  The  larva,  which 
(according  to  Madame  Ijicnig)  is  almost  as  variable  as  the  perfect 
insect,  feeds  on  oaks  in  May. 

4.  COStella,  Fab.  S.  E.  (iGS.  10  (1775);  Haw.;  Treit.;  Step.; 
Dup. — 'niaculella,  Fab.?  Alis  anticis  griseo-ochrcis,  vel  ruib-ochrcis, 
7nacuJa  basalt  props  coslam  alba,  raro  ol)Soleta,  interdum  ])uncto  pone 
medium  supra  plicam  saturate  fusco,  apicc  nuu'giuis  postici  fusco  punc- 
tate.    Exp.  al.  S  lin. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  vvhitish-ochrcons.  .\utenua'  whitish,  with  fus- 
cous annulations.  Anterior  wings  variablt;  in  colour,  gnyish-ochreoiis, 
reddish-ochrcous,  or  almost  dark  brown,  wilh  a  white  blotch  (rarely  ob- 


c 


72  PLUTELIJD.E. 

solete)  towards  the  costa  extending  from  the  hase  to  the  middle  of  the 
toing ;  there  is  frequently  a  conspicuous  dark  fuscous  spot  above  the 
fokl  beyond  the  middle,  and  the  costal  half  of  the  wing  is  frequently 
spotted  with  fuscous ;  at  the  apex  of  the  hinder  margin  are  some  fus- 
cous spots ;  cilia  paler  than  the  wing,  with  a  fuscous  streak  in  the 
apex.     Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

The  perfect  insect  occurs  from  the  end  of  July  to  September, 
among  oaks,  less  commonly  than  the  preceding, 

5.  sylvella,  Linn.  S.  N.  (12)  893.  413  (1767);  Fab.;  liiib. ; 
Treit. ;  Step. ;  Dup. — bifasciatus,  Haw.  Alis  anticis  dilute  ochreis, 
vix  fusco  reticulatis,  fasciis  duabus  obliquis,  cosiam  versus  ijiterniptis, 
saturate  fuscis.     Ex]).  al.  9  lin. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  pale  ochreous.  Antenna;  whitish-ochreous, 
annulated  with  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  pale  ochreous,  slightly  reticu- 
lated with  fuscous,  with  two  oblique  dark  fuscous  fasci(B  (one  before, 
the  other  beyond  the  middle),  somewhat  interrupted  towards  the  costa ; 
cilia  pale  ochreous.     Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Not  uncommon  among  oaks  in  August  and  September.  The 
larva  feeds  (according  to  Madame  Lienig)  on  the  oak  in  June. 

6.  alpella,  W.  V.  135.  30  (1776);  Fab.;  Tlxdi.—persicellus, 
Step.  ?  Alis  anticis  dilute  ochreis,  obsolete  fuscescente-reticulatis, 
striis  duabus  dorsi  obliquis,  plicam  vix  snperautibus,  fuscis.  Exp.  al.  S 
lin. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  pale  ochreous.  Autcnnrc  whitish-ochreous, 
annulated  with  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  pale  ochreous,  indistinctly 
reticulated  with  pale  fuscous,  with  two  oblique /«sco«.s  streaks  from  the 
if/ner  v/arffi)/.  (one  before,  and  one  beyond  the  middle),  neither  reaching 
more  than  half  across  the  wing ;  cilia  pale  ochreous.  Posterior  wings 
grey,  paler  towards  the  base,  with  pale  greyish-ochreous  cilia. 

Not  scarce  among  oaks  in  August. 

'c  7.  lucella.  Fab.  S.  E.  667.  4  (1775) ;  ^dw.—antennetla,  W.  V.; 
Treit.;  Step.;  Diqi. — retusana,  Borgst.  —  mucronelta,  Hiib.  ;  Haw. 
Alis  anticis  ochreis  fuscescente-reticulatis,  dorso  obsolete  albo  usque 
pone  medium  ;  capite  albo.     Exp.  al.  8  lin. 

Head  and  face  icliite.  Palpi  white  ;  second  joint  beneath  ochreous. 
Autennrc  white,  annulated  with  black.  Anterior  wings  ochreous,  reticu- 
lated with  pale  fuscous,  with  the  inner  margin  indistinctly  white  to  be- 
yond the  middle  ;  near  the  inner  margin  are  two  liark  ochreous  blotches, 
one  towards  the  base,  the  other  beyond  the  middle ;  cilia  pale  retldish- 
ochreous.  Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 
Not  uncommon  in  many  localities  in  July. 

8.  horridella,  Treit.  E.  S.  x.  iii.  191  (1835);  Dup. ;  Guenee?— 
falcella,  Ste|i. — snlij'alcatella.  Curt.  Alis  anticis  saturate  fuscis  violaceo 
tiuctis,  maculis  tribus  scabris  sub  plicam  nigris,  macula  sinuata  obsoleta 
dorsali  saturate  fusca.     Exp.  al.  9  lin. 


fEUOSTOMA.  73 

Head  and  face  greyish-fusooiis.  Palpi  pale  grey ;  second  joint  be- 
neath greyish-fuscous.  Antenna;  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  dark  fits- 
coits,  with  a  d'ujid  violet  tint,  with  three  tufts  of  elevated  black  scales 
below  the  fold,  and  an  obsolete  sinuated  dark  fuscous  blotch  along 
the  inner  margin  ;  cilia  greyish-fuscous.  Posterior  wings  pale  greyish- 
fuscous,  with  paler  cilia. 

Taken  occasionally  in  tlic  New  Forest  in  July,  among  the  wild 
apple-trees. 

9.  scabrella,  Linn.  F.  S.  14 IG  (1701);  Pab. ;  Trcit. ;  Step. ;  Curt.  ^_  Jff 
Ufissdla,  Vs.  X.—pteroJadijlella,  11  iib. ;  1  law. — IlehciijcUa,  Pab.  ?    A  lis      ^  //  ^^ 
aiiticis  dilute  griseo-ochreis,  fusco-striatis,  maculis  tribus  scabris  sub      j* 
plicam  nigris,  macula  sinuata  dorsali  saturate  fusca,  margine  postico 
saturate  fusco-punetato.     Exp.  al.  10  lin. 

Head  pale  greyish-oehreous  ;  in  the  micWlc  fuscous.  Pace  jjalc  grcy- 
ish-ochrcous.  I'alpi  pale  greyish-oehreous;  second  joint  beneath  dark 
fuscous  ;  termiual  joint  with  a  fuscous  ring  near  the  base.  Antenna- 
jiale  ochrcous.  Anterior  wings  jude  greijlisli-ochrcous,  streaked  with 
fuscous;  towards  the  inner  nun-gin  almost  sull'used  with  dark  fuscous, 
with  three  tufts  of  elevated  black  scales  below  tlu-  fold,  and  a  sinuated 
dark  fuscous  blotch  along  the  iiuier  margin  ;  hinder  margin  spotted 
with  dark  fuscous  ;  cilia  greyish-fuscous.  Posterior  wings  pale  greyish- 
fuscous,  with  paler  cilia. 

Not  scarce  in  the  New  Forest  and  near  I'ristol,  in  Jnly  and 
Augu.st.     The  larva  feeds  on  ap[)le-trccs  in  May. 

*  10.  asperella,  Linn.  P.  S.  1117  (l/Gl);  AV.  Y. ;  Pab.  :  Haw.  ; 
Treit. ;  Step. ;  l)up. — ClairviUella,  F-ah.—falcatclla,  Don.  Alls  anticis 
luteo-albis,  dilute  fusco  nebulosis,  uiacida  ,iKujna  Iriaugnlan  interne 
scabra  in  medio  dorsi,  fmca  et  candco-nicjra,  puneto  marginis  postiei 
ca^rulco-nigro.     Pxp.  al.  10  lin. 

Head,  face,  and  i)alpi  yellowish-white.  Autennte  yellowish-white, 
with  pale  fuscous  annulations.  Anterior  wings  i/elhncish-u-hite,  clouded 
with  pale  fuscous,  with  a  larrje  triaufjular  blotch  on  the  middle  of  the 
inner  rnarf/in,  consisting  of  several  tuits  of  raised  scales,  palefnscoits  on 
the  fold,  and  blnish-blaek  along  the  inner  margin  ;  in  the  middle  of  the 
hinder  margin  is  a  small  bluish-black  spot  ;  cilia  yellowish-white,  b(>- 
low  the  apex  dark  fuscous.     Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia.^ 

This  beuntiful  insect  is  extremely  rare  with  ns;  it  app(>ars  from 
the  end  of  August  to  October.  The  larva  feeds  on  apple-trees  in 
June. 

11.  nemorella,    Linn.   S.  N.   (10)    530.    217    (1758);    -Wenner     \^^  ^ 
(Thun.)  ;   Step.— /'r/z/i^-Z/f^   11  iib.  ;   Treit.  ;    Hup. — cnllrea,   Www .      Alis  ^ 

anticis  albidis,  veuis  oehrco  fuseove  striatis,  ))uneto  plica;  ante  medium   h  '    a-l- 
nigro.     Exp.  al.  11  lin.  ' 

Head  and  face  whitish.  Paljii  whitish  ;  second  joint  beneath  pale 
fuscous.     Antenna;  whitish,  annulated  with   pale   fuscous.      Anterior 

VOL.  III.  I' 


71  I'LUTELLID/E. 

wings  whitish,  with  the  veins  streaked  with  ochreous  or  fuscous,  and 
with  numerous  scattered  fuscous  scales ;  on  the  fold  before  the  middle 
is  a  black  spot ;  cilia  pale  greyish-ochreous.  Posterior  wings  pale  grey, 
Avith  pale  greyish-ochreous  cilia. 

Not  scarce  in  the  neighbourhood  of  Iluddcrsfield :  the  imago 
appears  in  June  and  July.  The  larva  feeds  on  the  bark  of  the 
honeysuckle  in  May. 

(Pl.ni  12-  Xylostella,  Linn.  S.  N.  (12)  890.  389  {ll(Sl).—deiitdla, 
Fab. ;  Haw. ;  ^iQi^.—liarpella,  W.  V. ;  Hiib. ;  Treit.  ;  Dup. ;  ZelL— 
harnalus,  Fab.  Alis  anticis  rufo-brunneis,  dorso  late  luteo-albo,  stria 
tenuissima  obliqua  pone  medium,  plicam  superante.     Exp.  al.  10  lin. 

Head  and  face  yellowish-white  ;  at  the  sides  brown.  Palpi  yellowish- 
white  ;  second  joint  beneath  brown.  xVntennae  white,  annulated  with 
black.  Anterior  wings  reddish-brown,  darkest  above  the  fold  and  in 
the  middle  of  the  wing,  posteriorly  paler  and  of  a  greyish  tint ;  the 
inner  margin  rather  broadly  yellowish-white,  with  an  extremely  narrow 
oblique  white  streak,  running  half  across  the  wing  beyond  the  middle  ; 
in  the  extreme  apex  is  a  fuscous  streak ;  cilia  pale  fuscous.  Posterior 
wings  dark  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Common  in  gardens  and  hedges  among  honeysuckle  in  July 
and  August.  The  larva  feeds  on  the  leaves  of  the  honeysuckle  in 
May. 


r 


(K-Tii 


Genus  IV.     THERISTIS.     (?(-E'-§^~^ 


Theristis  p.,  Hiib. ;  Step.     Ilarpipteri/x  p.,  Treit. ;   Curt. ;  Dup.     Pln- 
tella  p.,  Zell. 

Capilli  hirsuti.     Antenna?  simpliccs.     Haustellum   mediocre,  nudum. 
Palpi  maxillares  tiliformes.     Palpi  labiales,  articulo  secuudo  in  fasci- 
culum  tenuem  Ivnyum  producto,  articulo  tcrtio  erccto  hrevl  aculei- 
formi.     Aliie  anteriores  elongata;  acuminaUe ;  ahc  posteriores  (ante 
angukuu  analem  levitcr  retusix;)  lanceolata%  lovge  ciliatfe. 
Head  rough.     Antennto  simple.    Tongue  of  moderate  length,  naked. 
Maxillary  palpi  slender,  filiform.     Labial  palpi  with  the  second  joint 
prolonged  into  a  Ioikj  slender  tuft;  the -third  joint  mncli  shorter  \.\\wa. 
this  tuft,  erect,  acuminate.     Anterior  wings  elongate,  acuminate  ;  pos- 
terior wings  (slightly  cnmrgiuatc  before  the  anal  angle)  lanceolate,  with 
long  cilia. 

Oidy  one  species  is  known  in  this  genus;  it  np])ears  in  the 
autumn^  and,  hybernating,  is  again  seen  in  spring. 

1.  caudella,  Linn.  S.  N.   (12).  891.  417   {ViCu).—Pnnzerelta, 
Don. ;  Curt. — citttrella,  Hiib. ;  Treit. ;  Dup. — acinncidelta,  Hiib.;  Step. 
^  Alis  anticis  dilute  griseo-ochrcis,  stria  supra  plicam  ex  basi  usque  ad  me- 

dium, maculaque  plicic  ante  medium,  saturate  fuscis.     Ex}).  al.  13. V  lin. 


GKLECIIID.T"..  7') 

Head  and  face  pale  jiTevish-ocliiTous.  Pal])!  pale  gToyisli-ochreous  ; 
tuft  of  the  sccoinl  joint  bcncatli  pale  iuscous.  Antenna-  pale  greyisli- 
oclireous.  Anterior  winu's  pale  greyish-ochreous,  with  a  dark  fuscous 
streak  above  the  fold,  from  the  base  to  beyond  the  middle,  a  dark 
fuscous  spot  on  the  fold  before  the  middle,  and  another  on  the  disc 
beyond  the  middle ;  cilia  pale  ochrcous.  Posterior  wings  whitish-grey, 
with  whitish-ochreous  cilia. 

In  the  variety  acinackh'Ua  of  lliibner,  the  anterior  wings  are  very 
much  streaked  with  dark  fuscous,  and  there  is  an  ailditional  dark  fus- 
cous spot  towards  the  inner  margin  near  the  base. 

Not  common;  most  frec|neiitly  found  on  tlie  chalk  ;  a])pears  in 
August  mill  Se]jtembcr,  and  again  in  spring.  The  larva  feeds  on 
the  spindle  in  June  and  July. 


Family  Y.     CIELECHID.E. 


Cnput  Iceve.  PaJpl  labiales  recurvati,  raro  breves,  interdura  articulo 
secundo  in  fasciculum  produeto.  AJa;  posteriorcs  Iatiusc!d)V,  StCpe 
trapezoidales  vel  ovato-hiiiceolatit;,  raro  acuminatcc  {FaucaHa,  Biitalls). 
Larva  pedibus  10  pnedita. 

Head  smouth.  Labial  palpi  recurved,  generally  long,  sometimes  with 
the  second  joint  prolonged  as  a  tuft.  Posterior  wi)igs  rather  broad, 
often  trapezoidal,  or  ovate-lanceolate,  rarely  acuminate  {Fancalia,  Bit- 
talin).     Larva  with  sixteen  feet. 

There  is  great  discrepancy  between  llie  species  composing  the 
family,  and  no  doubt  future  investigations,  and  the  study  of  exo- 
tic forms,  will  enable  us  to  subdivicle  it.  Many  individual  genera 
are  perhaps  only  types  of  extensive  families,  which  have  no 
other  representativ^es  in  the  temperate  climate  of  Europe;  and 
the  discovery  of  species  in  India,  lirazil,  etc.,  may  hereafter  show 
that  these  isolated  species  are  tliere  represented  more  numerously, 
just  as  we  find  to  be  the  case  among  the  Noctuin.v  with  Ca/jje 
Thalictri  and  Calijptra  liljalri.r,  which,  thougli  anomalous  among 
our  European  species,  are  the  representatives  of  extensive  tropical 
families. 

The  genus  Gclech'ia,  which  forms  so  important  a  part  of  this 
famih',  is  far  more  numerous  in  s])ecies  than  any  other  genus  of 
TiXEiNA  with  which  we  are  ac(praintetl.  In  some  of  tlie  geiuTa 
of  this  family  {P/uhafoccra,  lldrjjella,  Jli/jjcrcallia,  and  IJas^ccra), 
the  species  are  remark al)!/^ for  tlieir  gay  colouring;  but  the  great  S^ 
bulk  of  the  species  in  the  other  genera,  would,  in  ordinary  par- 
lance, be  termed  inconspicuous  insects.  ]\lany  of  the  species  keep 
themselves  so  well  concealed,  that  they  arc  rarely  met  with  in  the 


7fi  GELECHID/E. 

perfect  state.  Harpel/a,  sonic  of  tlie  (Jicophone,  and  (Jelechue 
ilj  in  the  early  mornings  but  most  of  tlie  species  fly  in  the  even- 
ing dusk. 

The  twenty-five  genera  represented  in  this  country,  may  be  ar- 
ranged in  the  following  table  : — 

a.  Posterior  wings  broad,  or  cmnrgiuate  before  the  apex. 
b.  Second  joint  of  the  palpi  not  very  long. 
c.  Second  joint  of  the  palpi  thin. 
d.  Anterior  wings  truncate. 

e.  Antenna)  shorter  than  the  anterior  wings.    1 .  Orthot.'elia. 
e  e.  Antennas  longer  than   the   anterior  wings,     4.  PniBA- 

LOCERA. 

d  d.  Anterior  wings  ovate.     2.  Semioscopis. 
c  c.  Second  joint  of  the  palpi  considerahh/  thickened  beneath  with 
scales. 

/:  Anterior  wings  ovate,  with  raised  tnfts.     3.  Enicostoma. 
//.  Anterior  wings  emarginate  below  the  apex.    5.  EXiERETiA. 
///.  Anterior  wings  ovate,  smooth.     6.  Depressaria. 
c  c  c.  Second  joint  of  the  palpi  dUjldhj  thickened  beneath  with 
scales. 
(J.  Terminal  joint  of  the  palpi  thin.     8.  Gelechia. 
(J  (J.  Terminal  joint  thickened  above  with  scales. 

li.  Posterior  wings  dtrphj  eraarginate  before  the  apex.    9.  Pa- 
ha si  a. 
li  li.  Posterior  wings  slhjldhj  emarginate  before  the  apex. 
/.  Anterior  wings  smooth.     11.  Chelaria. 
i  i.  Anterior  wings  rough.     7.  P^oricoptera. 
c  c  c  c.  Second  joint  of  tiic   palpi   with   loose  projecting    scales. 

10.  Cleodora. 
recce.  Second  joint  of  the  palpi  with  a  projecting  tuft. 
/>•.  Anterior  wings  not  eraarginate  below  the  apex. 
/.  Anterior  wings  rather  acute.     12.  Anarsia. 
I  I.  Anterior  wings  rounded.     13.  Ypsolopiius, 
/f  k.  Anterior  wings  emarginate  below  the  apex. 

VI.  Terminal  joint  of  the  palpi  concealed  in  the  scales  of  the 

second  joint,     l-l.  Aplota. 
j«  VI.  Terminal  joint  of  the  palpi  projecting  beyond  the  scales 
of  the  second  joint. 
n.  Cilia  of  the  anterior  wings  without  markings.     15.  No- 

TURIS. 

u  n.  Cilia  of  the  anterior  wings  with  markings.     IG.  So- 

PURONIA. 

I)  h.  Second  joint  of  tlie  ])a]pi  very  long. 

0.  Second  joint  of  tlie  palpi  very  much  thickened  with  scales. 
[1.  Anterior  wings  elongate.     17.  Pleurota. 
I) ]).  Anterior  wings  oblong.     18.  Harpella. 


ORTIIOT/KLIA.  77 

0  0.  Second  joint   of  tlie  palpi  not  nmcli  tliickcncd  with  scales. 
19.  IIypehcallia. 
a  a.  Posterior  wings  narrow,  ovate  or  ovate-lanccolatc. 

(J.  Antennae  thickened  with  scales  towards  the  base.   20.  Dasvceha. 
q  q.  Antennie  not  thickened  with  scales  towards  the  base. 

;•.  Posterior  wings  with  a  transparent  patch  at  the  base.     23.  En- 

DKOSJS. 

r  r.  Posterior  wings  with  no  transparent  patch  at  the  base. 
s.  Posterior  wings  not  acutely  i)ointed. 
t.  Antenna  slender.     21.  LEcopiioka. 
1 1.  Antcnnpe  rather  thick.     22.  (Egoconia. 
s  s.  Posterior  wings  acutely  pointed ;  body  thick. 

i(.  Anterior  wings  unicolorous,  grey,  or  bronze,  or  with  white 

spots  and  marks.     24,  IiUTalis. 
71  u.  Anterior  wings  reddish-orange,   with  gold   sj)ots.     25. 
Paxcalia. 


Genus  I.     ORTHOT.ffiI.IA.    l?\-3ir.  Q 


^ 


OuTiroTiELiA,  Step.  H.  iv.  195  (1834).  Jgonlopkryx,  Treit.  Cau- 
loblus,  l)up.     llccmijlls,  Zell. 

Ca])illi  depressi.  Ocelli  nulli.  Antcnntc  mediocres,  articulis  distinctis, 
^  microscope  ciliatis,  Ilaustellum  hm'mimuiii,  nudum.  Palpi 
niaxillares  brevissimi,  distincti.  Palpi  labialcs  hremuscuU,  rellexi, 
cvlindrici,  tenues,  acuminati,  articulo  tertio  secundo  longiorc.  Jh- 
doiiien  eloiirjalnm.,  convexum.  Alne  oblonga:>,  brcvitcr  ciliata\  aute- 
riores  postice  dilatata,  trnncaUn ;  postcriores  ante  angulum  analem 
non  sinuatap. 

J  lead  smooth.  Ocelli  none.  Antennae  of  modc'ratc  length,  with 
distinct  joints,  microscopically  ciliated.  Tongue  vcnj  shoii,  naked. 
Maxillary  palpi  very  short,  distinct.  Labial  palpi  rnUtc)'  short,  rcflexed, 
cylindrical,  slender,  pointed ;  the  third  joint  longer  than  the  second. 
Alnhnimi  elonr/atc,  convex.  Wings  oblong,  with  short  cilia;  Uie  anterior 
dilated  posteriori y  and  truncate ;  the  posterior  not  sinuated  b(;fore  the 
anal  angle. 

Only  one  species  is  known  in  this  singular  genus ;  it  Hies  at 
dusk  among  Sparr/cuiium,  heavily  and  sluggishly.  The  larva, 
when  young,  mines  the  leaves,  and  afterwards  bores  down  the 
stems  of  tlie  Hpar(jaiuum  ;  it  is  dirty  greyish-white,  remarkably 
elongated,  with  a  ])ceuliarly  llattencd  tail;  it  changes  lo  a  pupa 
inside  the  stem  of  the  plaid. 


1.  Sparganella,  Wenner  (Thun.)  I.  S.  7.  83  {Xl^X) .—Spargani-  ^-B-^'] 
ella,  Trent.;   Dup.  ;   Zell. — venosa,  llaw. ;   Step. — tostella,  lliib.      Ali-^  rv, -^ 
anticisochreis,  dcn-so  ae  vitta  media  saturate  fnscis,  venis  onniibus  dilute  ift  \  10,  \ 
luteis,  punctis  plicui  saturate  fuseis.     Ex}).  al.  10-11  ,j  lin. 


C 


78  GELECHID^. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  pale  oclircous.  Anlennre  oclireous,  with  darker 
annulations.  Anterior  wings  oclireous,  with  the  inner  margin  and  a 
broad  space  between  the  fold  and  the  costa  dark  fuscous,  in  which 
however  all  the  veins  are  conspicuous  as  pale  oclireous  streaks ;  along 
the  fold  are  four  or  five  dark  fuscous  spots,  of  which  the  two  first  are 
the  most  conspicuous,  and  on  the  disc  beyond  the  middle  is  a  dark 
fuscous  blotch  ;  cilia  fuscous.  Posterior  wings  white,  with  a  pale  fus- 
cous cloud  near  the  base ;  cilia  whitish. 

In  some  specimens  the  anterior  wings  are  of  a  luiiform  purplish-fus- 
cous, with  only  the  costa  narrowly  pale  oclireous. 

Not  scarce  among  Sparganium  iu  July  and  August.  The  larva 
feeds  in  the  Sparganium  in  May  and  June. 


Genus  II.     SEMIOSGOPIS.  ^-IB  ■  |o       ^ 

SEMioscons,  Hiib.  V.  403(1810);  Step.;   Zell.     EpigrapJua,T>\x]). 
Lcviihiaioi^hlla  p.,  Treit. 

Capilli  appressi,  iu  conulum  frontalem  producti.     Ocelli  parvi,  pone 
oculos.     Antenna;  crassiusculcc,  ^  pubescentes.     liaustellum  breve, 
squamatuin.     Palpi  labiales  arcuatl,  arllcido  seciindo  squamis  appres- 
sis,  articulo  tertio  acuminato.    Ahc  mediocriter  ciliatae,  anteriores  oh- 
longo-ovat(C,  posteriores  ovatre.     Alfe  anteriores :  venas  apicalis  fur- 
cata,'  ramus  inl'crior  supra  vel  in  apicem  exit,  infra  earn  vena)  quin- 
que,  ultima  interdum  cum  pcnultima  connexa,  valde  curvus ;  vena 
subdorsalis   furcata ;    alse    posteriores :    vena   apicalis    ante   apicem 
exit,  infra  earn  venae  dua)  e  venula  transversa,  vena  mediana  bifida. 
Head  smooth,  the  scales  prolonged  in  front,  forming  a  little  cone. 
Ocelli  small,  behind  the  eyes.     Antenufe  rather  thick,  in  the  $  pubes- 
cent.    Tongue  short,  clothed  with   scales.     Labial  palpi  arched ;  the 
isecond  joint  with  ((^pressed  scales ;  the  third  joint  acuminate.     Wings 
with  moderately  long  cilia;    the  anterior  oblong-ovate;    the  posterior 
ovate.     In   the  anterior  wings,  the  lower  branch  of  the  forked  apical 
vein  runs  out  in  or  above  the   apex ;  below  it  are  five  veins  from  the 
discoidal  cell,  the  last  much  curved,  sometimes  united  with  the  penulti- 
mate ;  the  subdorsal  vein  is  furcate.     In  the  posterior  wings  the  apical 
vein  runs  out  before  the  apex,  below  it  are  two  veins  from  the  trans- 
verse vein  ;  the  median  vein  is  bifid. 

There  arc  only  two  Britisli  species  in  this  genus^  although  two 
others  are  known  on  the  continent.  They  both  appear  in  the 
early  spring,  and  being  sometimes  met  with  on  ])aliiigs  and  on 
the  trunks  of  trees,  arc  the  objects  of  many  a  heaUhrul  walk  to 
the  young  collector. 

The  structure  of  the  palpi  allbrds  sujllcient  character  at  once  to 
recognize  our  species. 


ENICOSTOMA.  7'.l 

a.  Terminal  joint  of  the  palpi  almost  porrcctod,  short,  naked.      t^|).  1. 
a  a.  Terminal  joint  of  the  palpi  erect,  rather  lony,  clothetl  with  scales. 
Species  2. 

1.  Avellanella,  llilb.Tin.  27  (ISOl);  Trcit.;  Step.;  Dap.;  Kvers.    ^^  ill 
Alls  aiiticis  dilute  "■riseo-ochreis,  i'nsco-irroratis,  drki  basali  plica,  ante        ,     '  _ 
r/iedium  angxdata  et  in  medio  disci  desiiieiife,  mluralc  fn^ca.     Exp.  al.        '^ 

11  lin. 

Head  and  face  greyish-ochrcons.  Palpi  dark  fuscous ;  second  joint 
internally  at  the  base  pale  oclircous  ;  terminal  joint  entirely  pale  ochre- 
ous.  Antennie  greyish-fuscous.  Anterior  wings  ])ale  greyisli-ochreous, 
somewhat  irrorated  with  fuscous,  iciUi,  a  d(irk  /k-scohs  slrcnk  from  the 
base  along  the  fold,  unijnlatod  Uncarda  the  casta,  and  tcrminatiiKj  on  the 
disc  ahont  the  middle  of  the  wing ;  on  the  costa  beyond  the  middle  is  a 
pale  fuscous  blotch,  and  an  angulatcd  fuscous  mark  lies  at  the  termina- 
tion of  the  discoidal  cell;  hinder  margin  and  apex  of  the  costa  spotted 
with  dark  fuscous ;  cilia  pale  grey.  Posterior  wings  pale  greyish-fus- 
cous, with  paler  cilia. 

Not  cominon;  appears  at  llic  end  of  ^Farcli  and  beginning  of 
April  among  birclies. 

2.  Steinkellneriana,  "W.  Y.  130.  16  (177(>);  Schr. ;  Lienig.— 
Stcinhelnerana,  J:'ab. ;  Step. — Sleinkelneri, llaw. — SleinJiellnerella,  Treit. ; 
Dup. — characlerella,  Hiib.  Alis  anticis  grisco-fuscis,  vix  rosco-tinctis, 
macula  angidata,  disci  ante  mediiuii  (angulo  dorsum  versus),  striolaque 
postica  angiflala  (angulo  apicem  versus)  nigris.     Exp.  al.  10  lin. 

Head  and  face  greyish-fuscous.  Palpi  greyish-fuscous;  terminal 
joint  somewhat  ochreous,  with  a  dark  fuscous  ring  before  the  apex. 
Antennfc  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  greyish-fuscous,  with  a  slight  rosy 
tinge,  with  a  small  black  spot  near  the  base  on  the  subcostal  vein ;  be- 
fore the  middle  is  an  angulatcd  Iduck  murk  on  the  disc  (with  the  angle 
towards  the  inner  margin),  beyond  it  is  a  dark  fuscous  cloud  on  the 
costa,  below  which  is  a  small  angulatcd  black  mark  (the  angle  of  which 
is  turned  towards  the  apex  of  the  costa);  the  hinder  margin  and  apex 
of  the  costa  arc  delicately  spotted  with  black ;  cilia  greyish-fuscous. 
Posterior  wings  pale  greyish-fuscous,  with  pale  fuscous  cilia  internally 
darker. 

Not  scarce  in  April.  The  larva  feeds  (according  to  ]\ladame 
Lienig)  in  August  and  Sc^ptcmber,  on  liawlliorn  and  mountain- 
ash,  between  turned-down  leaves. 

Genus  III.     ENICOSTOMA.     (RlV.  1^'"^ 

Ekicostoma,  Step.  II.  iv.  22(5  (1S31).      Uelechia  p.,  Zoll. 

Capilli  superne  suberecti,  in  conulum  frontalcm  producti.  Ocelli  nuUi. 
Antenrnxi  setacea;.  Ilaustellum  mediocre,  si[uanuitum.  Palpi  la- 
bialcs  arcuati ;  articulo  secundo  longo,  squamis  appressis ;  tcrtio  licvi. 


(H- 

LU. 

10^' 

.'^^ 

80  gelechid-t;. 

adscendente,  aciuninato.  Ala;  raediocriter  ciliata;,  anteriores  latins- 
cidfB  ovatce,  postcriores  ovatfe  ante  apicera  levissime  retusfe.  Ala? 
anteriores :  vena  apicalis  furcata  ante  apicem  exit,  infra  cam  venpe 
quinque,  vena3  submedianas  apex,  medianam  valde  approximans,  in- 
crassatus  ;  vena  subdorsalis  furcata.  Alte  postcriores  :  vena  apicalis 
simplex  ante  apicem  exit,  infra  earn  veuse  duEe  e  venula  transversa ; 
vena  mediana  tritida. 

Head  almost  rough ;  scales  produced  in  front  in  a  little  cone.  Ocelli 
none.  Antennaj  setaceous.  Tongue  of  moderate  length,  scaled.  La- 
bial palpi  nrcJied ;  the  second  joint  long,  with  appressed  scales  ;  the  third 
joint  smooth,  ascending,  pointed.  Wings  with  moderate  cilia  ;  the  an- 
terior rather  broad,  ovate ;  the  posterior  ovate,  very  slightly  refuse  be- 
fore the  apex.  In  the  anterior  wings  the  furcate  ajiical  vein  runs  out 
before  the  apex ;  below  it  are  five  veins  from  the  discoidal  cell ;  the 
apex  of  the  submedian  vein,  which  closely  approximates  to  the  median, 
is  thickened ;  the  subdorsal  vein  is  furcate.  In  the  posterior  wings 
the  simple  apical  vein  runs  out  before  the  apex,  below  are  two  veins 
from  the  transverse  vein ;  the  median  vein  is  trifid. 

Only  one  species  is  known  in  this  genus ;  it  is  occasionally  beaten 
out  of  hedges,  and,  both  in  jflight  and  when  first  seen  in  the  net, 
has  some  resemblance  to  a  Sciaphila.  The  pale  green  larva  feeds 
in  August  and  September,  on  the  underside  of  the  leaves  of  the 
sloe,  spinning  a  slight  web,  and  causing  the  leaves  to  assume  a 
slightly  dellexed  form. 

n^^j^  1.  lobelia,  W.  V.  138.  9   (1770);  Iliib. ;  Schr. ;    Treit.— TZ/mm- 

^  *"        '     hergana,  Tab. ;  Step. — Thunhergii,  Haw. — luguhrella,  Dnj).     Alis  an- 
-j^K-C-       ticis  saturate  griseis,  punctis  quinque  scabris  (tribus  fere  tasciam  obli- 
quain  ante  medium  formantibus,  duobus  disci  oblique  positis  pone  me- 
dium) nigris.     Exp.  al.  8  lin. 

Head  and  face  dark  grey.  Palpi  dark  grey  ;  terminal  joint  whitish, 
with  the  base  and  a  ring  before  the  apex  black.  Antennae  dark  I'us- 
cous.  Anterior  wings  dark  grey,  with  five  spots  of  elevated  black 
scales,  three  before  and  two  beyond  the  middle ;  the  first  three  are 
placed  obliquely  in  a  transverse  line,  the  other  two  are  placed  obliquely 
on  the  disc  (the  lower  one  being  the  posterior)  ;  the  hinder  margin  is 
spotted  with  dark  fuscous,  and  there  are  some  small  dark  fuscous 
clouds  along  the  costa ;  cilia  pale  grey.  Posterior  wings  pale  grey, 
with  paler  cilia. 

Not  scarce,  in  hedges  in  June.  The  larva  plentiful  in  August 
and  September  on  the  sloe. 


Genus  IV.     PHIBALOCERA.    iR-IS;.!' 


-c 


PlIlBALocEiiA,  Step.  H.  iv.  192    (1831).      Carcina,  Zell.      Carcina  p., 
Hiib.     Linnprofi  j).,  Treit. 


PIlIBALOCEnA.  81 

Capilli  deprcssi,  frons  ol)tu<a.     AiiU'iuid^  alis  rnulto  longiores,  articiilis 
corapressis.     Haustelluin  mediocre,  sfpiamatum.     I'alpi   maxillares 
brevissiiui.     Palpi  labiales  iiiediocres,  adsccudentes,  articulo  secuudo 
longiorc  infra  pilis  appressis,  apieem  versus  iiicrassato,  tertio   siilj- 
erccto,  teiiui,  aciiiuiuato.  Aire  ollaiif/(r,  iiiediooriter  ciliat;e,  antL-riunnii 
casta  convcwa,  ap'ice  acuLo.     Alic  anteriorcs  :  vensx)  apicalis  rami  supra 
et  infra  apiccm  exeunt ;  cellida  secundaria  iiulicata ;  vcna^  median;e 
ramus  primus  a  sccundo  loiujhmnc  distat,  secundus  et  tcrtius  in  fur- 
cam  coaliti.     Ahii  postcriores  :   cellula  eostalis  latimcidu  ;  vena  api- 
calis a  secpiente  separata ;  vena  mcdiana  trilida. 
Head  smooth,  in  front  obtuse.    Aiilcnnrp  mm-li  loiiger  tliaa  the  livings; 
the  joints  compressed.     Tongue  of  moderate  length,  sealed.    jMaxillary 
palpi  very  short.     Labial  palpi  moderately  long,  ascending ;  the  longer 
second  joint  with  appressed  scales  iieneath,  thickened  towards  the  apex, 
third  joint  nearly  erect,  slender,  pointed.    AVings  oUoiig,  with  moderate 
cilia;  the  cosla  of  the  anterior  n:iiigs  convex;  the  apex  acute.     In  the 
anterior  wings,  the  branches  of  the  apical  vein  run  out  above  and  below 
the  apex  ;  the  secondary  cell  is  indicated ;  the  first  branch  of  the  me- 
dian vein  is  very  reriiote  from  the  second ;  the  second  and  third  arc 
imited  into  a  fork.     In  the  posterior  wings  the  costal  cell  is  rather 
broad;  the  apical  vein  is  unconnected  with  the  following;  the  median 
vein  is  tritid. 

This  genus  contains  only  one  British  species  (another  is,  I  be- 
lieve, known  on  the  continent);  it  is  frequently  beaten  from  hedges 
and  bushes,  when  it  may  bo  observed  Hying  sluggishly,  or  rather 
falling  to  the  ground ;  for  indeed  it  only  appears  to  make  use  of 
its  wiugs  to  break  its  fall.  Tlie  larva  is  polyphagous,  feeding 
under  a  web  on  the  underside  of  the  leaves  of  the  oak,  beech, 
pear,  bramble,  etc. 

1.  Quercana,  Fab.  S.  E.  652.  39  (1775);  Don.;  Haw.;  Step.—    r^j)  Ty 
Tugana,  AV.  V.;  lliib. ;  Schr. — Fatjanella,  Treit. — cancclla,  Jliil).    Alis    ^^^  —  • 
anticis  dilute  griseo-rufis,  costiu  basi,  macula  (puidrata  costic  pone  nu> 
dium  eiliisque  dilute  flavis.     Exp.  al.  9  lin. 

Head  and  face  pale  rosy-grey.  Palpi  pale  reddish-oehreous,  inter- 
nally paler.  Antenna)  pale  rosy-grey.  Anterior  wiugs  ])ale  rosy-grey, 
somewhat  sufTused  with  rosy,  with  an  obscure  obli([ue  dark  striga  be- 
fore the  middle,  and  two  fuscous  spots  on  the  disc,  one  in  the  middle, 
the  other  beyond  the  middle,  sometiuies  united  to  a  fuscous  blotch  on 
the  fold  ;  the  base  of  the  eosta,  and  a  quadrate  sjiot  on  the  cosia  be- 
yond the  middle,  are  pale  yellow  ;  the  hinder  margin  and  apex  of  the 
costa  rosy-fuscous  ;  cilia  pale  yellow,  at  the  anal  angle  i)alo  rosy-grey. 
Posterior  wings  whitish,  with  a  slight  rosy-fuscous  tint,  with  paler  cilia. 

An  abundant  species  in  July  and  August.  The  larva  poly- 
phagous  in  ]\Iay  and  June. 


„ia-c- 


83  GEI;ECHID/E. 

Genus  V.     EX^RETIA.    ^HI    ll'^' 

Ex^RETiA,  Sta.  Ent.  Trans,  v.  152  (1849). 

Capilli  dcpressi.    Ocelli  nulli.    Antennae  {^)  puhescode-ciUati^.    Haus- 
tellnm   mediocre,  squaniatnm.     Palpi  niaxillarcs  brevissinii.     Palpi 
labialcs  mediocres,  rellexi,  articulo  secundo   infra  scoj)ifornii,  tertio 
teniii,  loevi,  acuto.    Ala;oblonga3  brevius  ciliatte,  anteriorcs  cost  a  levi- 
ter  sinnata,  cilils  sub  aplceni  leviter  retusis,  posteriores  niargine  pos- 
tico  ante   angulum   analem  rotnndatum   sinuato.     Alie  anteriores : 
venfc  apicalis  furcatae  ramus  inferior  in  apicem  exit ;  infra  earn  rami 
quinque ;  vena;  medianfc  rami  duo  primi  in  fuream  conjuncti ;  sub- 
mediana  a  mediana  distat,  apice  incrassato.     Ate  posteriores  :  venic 
subdorsals  ires,  tertia  in  basi  plicasformis ;  vena  mediana  trifida  ; 
ccllula  costalis  sensim  coarctata ;  vena  apicalis  simplex. 
Head  smooth.     Ocelli  none.     Antennfe   (of  the  male)  pubescent. 
Tongue  of  moderate  length,  scaled.     Maxdlary  palpi  very  short.     La- 
bial palpi  moderately  long,  reilexed ;  the  second  joint  beneath  resem- 
bling a  brush ;  the  third  joint  slender,  smooth,  pointed.     Wings  ob- 
long, with  short  cilia ;  the  casta  of  the  aidenor  rolrigs  sllghtty  slnuated, 
and  the  cilia  heloto  the  apex  very  slightly  emarginate ;  the  hinder  margin 
of  the  posterior  wings  sinuated  before  the  rounded  anal  angle.     In  the 
anterior  wings  the  lower  branch  of  the  furcate  apical  vein  runs  into  the 
apex;  below  it  are  five  veins  from  the  discoidal  cell;    the  two  first 
branches  of  the  median  vein  are  united  into  a  fork ;  the  apical  portion 
of  the  submcdian,  which  is  remote  from  the  median  vein,  is  thickened. 
In  the  posterior  wings  are  three  subdorsal  veins ;  the  third  thin  to- 
wards the  base  ;  the  median  vein  is  trifid  ;  the  costal  cell  is  perceptibly 
narrowed,  and  the  apical  vein  is  simple. 

Of  this  peculiar  genus  only  one  species  is  known,  wliicli  till 
last  year  Avas  very  rare ;  it  appears  more  frequent  in  the  northern 
counties  of  England,  but  one  specimen  was  taken  in  Norfolk  by 
Mr.  Wing.  The  species  is  thought  to  frcqnent  the  Artemisia 
vulgaris. 

1.  Allisella,  Sta.  Ent.  Trans,  v.  153.  pi.  17.  f.  1  (1811)).     Alls 
(pC    TTJ[      anticis  plumbeo-griseis,  stria  obliqua  costali  pone  njcdium  ruib-grisea, 
„_'^  .      in  qua  macula  disci  saturate  fusca.      Exp.  al.  10  lin. 
'  \  Head  reddish-grey.     Pace  Icaden-grey.      Pal])i  reddish-gi-ey,  inter- 

nally leadcn-grey.  Antenua3  dark  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  leaden- 
grey,  with  a  reddish-grey  blotch  near  the  inner  margin  towards  the 
base,  a  short  reddish-grey  oblicjue  streak  from  the  costa  before  the 
middle,  terminating  in  a  small  dark  fuscous  spot,  and  an  oblif/ue  reddish- 
grey  streak  from  the  casta  a  tittle  beyo)id  the  tt/iddle,  reaching  nearly 
half  across  the  wing;  /;/.  this  streak  on.  the  disc  is  an  oljlique  dark  fiis- 
cans  spat ;  the  apical  portion  of  the  wing  is  rather  clouded  with  reddish- 
grey,  and  there  arc  some  reddish-grey  spots  along  the  apex  of  the  costa  ; 


DEPRESSAKIA. 


83 


cilia  Icaden-grey,  with  a  ^^liulil    rcddisli  tinge.     Posterior  wings  pale 
grevish-fiiscous,  with  paler  cilia. 

Occurs  in  the  north  of  Englanti  in  July;  taken  also  on  the 
coast,  in  Xorfolk  and  Kent. 


Genus  VI.     DEPRESSARIA.  ^-W.    1^ 

Depressaria,  Haw.  L.  B.  505  (1812) ;  Curt.;  Step.;  Zcll.      Iffemi/- 
lis,  Dup.     II<e)i>)/Hs  p.,  Trcit. ;  Zett. 

Capilli  depress!.     Ocelli  nulli.     Antenmic  articulis  confertis,  vix  denti- 
culatis.     llaustcllum  lucdioerc,  squamatum.     Palpi  uiaxillares  bre- 
vissimi.     Paljvi  labiales  mediocrcs,   retiexi,  articulo   sccundo   infra 
scopiforidi,  tertio  leuui,  lavi,  acuio.     Abdonien  planum.,  sqnamis  raar- 
(j'malmn.     Ahx;  obloiigre  mcdiocritcr  cihata?,  posteriores  mcmjine pos- 
tlco  ante  anf/ulum  analem  roliindalum  plcruraque  sbmato.     Aliiu  antc- 
riores  :  venro  ajjicalis  fiu'cata;  ramus  inferior  ante  apiccm  exit ;  infra 
eani  rami  ([uinque ;  veufc  mcdianse  rami  duo  primi  in  furcam  cou- 
juucti ;  subniediaua  a  mediaua  distat,  apice  iucrassato.     Ahc  poste- 
riores :  ven;e  subdorsales  tres,  tcrtia  in  basi  plicfeformis  ;  vena  nu> 
diana  trifuhi ;  cellula  costalis  sensim  coarctata,  vena  apicalis  simplex, 
llead  smooth.     Ocelli  none.     Antcnnfc  with  the  joints  eoin])ressed, 
hardly  denticulate,  not  pubescent.    Tongue  of  moderate  length,  scaled. 
Maxillary  palpi  very  short.     Labial  palpi  moderately  long,  retlexed ; 
the  second  joint  beneath  rem'rnhlhuj  a  hrmli ;  the  third  joint  slender, 
smooth,  pointed.  Abdomen  flat,  with  projecting  scales  at  the  sides.  Wings 
oblong,  with  moderate  cilia ;  tlie  anterior  not  emarginate  on  the  costa, 
slightly  rounded  at  the  apex ;  the  posterior  wings  generally  with  the 
hinder  margin  emarginate  before  the  rounded  anal  angle.     In  the  ante- 
rior wings  the  lower  brancli  of  the  furcate  apical  vein  runs  iuto  the 
costa  before  the  ajiex ;  below  it  arc  live  veins  from  the  discoidal  cell ; 
the  two  first  branches  of  the  median  vein  are  united  into  a  fcu'k  ;  the 
apical  portion  of  the  subraedian,  which  is  remote  from  the  median  vein, 
is  thickened.     In  the  posterior  wings  are  three  subdorsal  veins,  the 
third  attenuated  at  the  base  ;  the  median  vein  is  triful ;  the  costal  cell 
perceptibly  narrowed ;  the  apical  vein  is  simj)le. 

An  extensive  bnt  very  natural  genus,  of  which  wc  have  no  less 
than  thirty-seven  British  species,  and  rnmuj  others  arc  known  on 
the  continent.  The  perfect  insects  of  several  species  are  extremely 
retired  in  their  habits,  and  keep  themselves  so  well  concealed  that 
they  arc  rarely  or  never  seen  :  some  come  out  from  their  lurking- 
places  after  dusk,  and,  crawling  up  the  stems  of  the  ])lants  on 
which  they  feed,  may  be  seen  by  the  aid  of  a  lantern,  but  readily 
take  alarm  and  drop  again  to  the  ground;  a  fe\v,  such  as  applana, 
are  less  anxious  for  concealment,  and  may  be  nu;t  with  plentifully 


84  ~  geleciiid.t;. 

in  the  early  sjiring,  Hitting  about  the  leafless  hedges.  Most  of 
the  species  appear  at  the  end  of  summer,  and,  after  having  hyber- 
nated,  are  met  v\'iLh  in  March  and  April  in  rather  wasted  condi- 
tion. There  is  a  peculiarity  in  the  perfect  insects  of  this  genus, 
that  they  have  the  power  of  sliding  about  when  laid  on  their 
backs,  shooting  forwards  much  in  the  style  of  NocUm  Tragojiogonis. 
2^-ct>cc.)5'--i-n  <>'}'''■  The  larva3  are  extremely  active,  and  feed  on  a  variety  of  sub- 
^\X.  M  ll'^  stances,  some  feeding  in  roUed-up  leaves  of  composite  plants, 
some  in  the  leaves  and  others  in  the  umbels  of  the  Uiiibelll/vra  ; 
many  of  the  latter  descend  from  the  plant  on  the  slightest  agita- 
tion of  it,  and  considerable  caution  is  necessary  in  the  attempts  to 
collect  them.  The  full-fed  larvffi  descend  to  the  ground,  and 
change  to  the  pupa  state  among  the  fallen  leaves  ;  the  larva  of 
Heradiana  frequently  enters  the  stem  of  the  Heraclinm  Sjjliotuhj- 
lium,  undergoing  its  changes  there. 

The  extreme  similarity  of  many  of  the  species  renders  the  deter- 
mination of  them  a  matter  of  some  difliculty,  and  unfortunately 
the  genus  hardly  admits  of  a  good  subdivision;  the  best  I  have 
been  able  to  accomplish  is  by  the  following  table : — • 

a.  Anterior  wings  dusted  and  spotted,  or  veined,  but  not  with  nmiie- 

rous  short  longitudhial  streaks. 

h.  Anterior  wings  wliitish.     Species  11. 

h  h.  Anterior  wings  pale  greyish-ochreous.     Sp.  6,  12,  19,  20,  24. 

h  b  h.  Anterior  wings  ocln-eous.     Species  1,  2,  3,  4,  5,  8,  9,  10. 

h  h  h  h.  Anterior  wings  reddisb-ocln-cous.     Species  7,  17,  18. 

h  h  b  b  h.  Anterior  wings  reddish-fuscous.     Species  21,  22,  23. 

b  b  b  b  b  b.  Anterior  wings  purphsh-t'uscous.      Sp.  13,  14,  15,  16. 
a  a.  Anterior  wings  with  numerous  short  longitudinal  streaks.    Species 

25-37. 

1.  costosa.  Haw.  L.  B.  508  (1812);  Step.;  ^ta.  —  SparUmia, 
Hiib. — dqntJicleUa,  Hiib. ;  Treit. ;  l)up.  Alls  aiiticis  acutiusculis,  dilute 
ocln-eis,  rufo-l'usco  nebulosis,  punetis  duobus  disci  ante  medium  nigris, 
ticbida  pone  medium  t'ere  eostam  tangcntc  saturate  fusca,  in  ea  puncto 
disci  albo ;  clUis  riifu-fuscix,  angulum  analeiu  versus  griscis.  Exp.  al. 
10  lin. 

Head  and  face  pale  ochreous.  Palpi  pale  ochrcous ;  second  joint 
beneath  fuscous ;  terminal  joint  with  a  narrow  ring  before  the  apex, 
and  the  extreme  apex  fuscous.  Antenna3  fuscous.  Anterior  wings 
rather  acute,  pale  ochrcous,  clouded  with  reddish-fuscous,  with  an  ob- 
lifpie  dark  fuscous  streak  near  the  base  of  the  iimer  margin,  not  reach- 
ing to  the  subcostal  vein  ;  on  the  disc  belbrc  the  middle  arc  two 
black  sjjots,  of  wliieli  the  anterior  and  uj^pcr  one  is  fre([uently  obsolete ; 
beyo)id  the  middle  Is  a  dar/r  reddish-fi(scous  blotch,  almost  touching  the 
casta,  and  in  it  t)n  tlie  disc  is  a  white  spot;   tlu)  pale  hinder  fascia  is 


J)F.PRES9AniA.  85 

rather  iiulisliiiot,  and  not  acutely  ani>ulated ;  the  veins  posteriorly  are 
more  or  less  distinctly  indicated  by  fuscous  streaks ;  cilia  ?r(hlis//-f/(s- 
coiis,  towards  the  anal  angle  grey.  Posterior  wings  whitish-grey,  a 
little  darker  posteriorly,  with  whitish  cilia. 

Common  in  July  and  August  among  broom  and  furze  {Vleo: 
Europci'Hs),  on  wliicli  })lants  the  larva  feeds  in  June. 

2.  liturella,  AV.  V.  137.  4  (177(5) ;  Schr. ;  Treit. ;  Dup. ;  Sta.— 
Spn mi/ a II //i (/;/(/,  Tab. ;  Step. — -JlavcUa,  lliib. — -Jlavosa,  llaw.  Alis  anticis 
latimculls  dilute  ochreis,  saturate  ochreo-nebulosis,  punctis  duobus 
disci  nigris,  stria  salurafe  oclirea  oblitpia  in  tlorso  prope  basini  ineijii- 
ente,  in  nebular,i  parcam  pone  iwdiWmw  fuscaiii  desiuente.  Kxp.  al.  10 
lin. 

Head  and  face  pale  ochrcous.  Palpi  pale  ochreous  ;  second  joint 
beneath  pale  fuscous.  Antennto  dark  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  rather 
hroad,  pale  ochreous,  with  some  darker  ochreous  clouds ;  on  the  inner 
margin  near  the  base  is  a  small  dark  fuscous  spot ;  on  the  disc  are  two 
black  spots,  one  before,  the  other  beyond  the  middle ;  beneath  the 
latter  is  a  small  fmcom  blotch,  in  which  a  Jarh  ocltreom  streak  from  the 
inner  margin  near  the  base  appears  to  terminate ;  beyond  is  a  pale  fus- 
cous obli(|ue  streak,  often  Axry  indistinct ;  hinder  margin  spotted  with 
fuscous;  cilia  very  pale  ochreous.  Posterior  wings  whitish-grey,  with 
some  dark  spots  towards  the  apex  of  the  hinder  margin;  cilia  whitish. 

A  common  .species,  appearing  in  July  and  August ;  tlic  larva 
feeds  iji  rulled-up  leaves  of  the  knapweed  {Centaurea  nigra)  in 
June. 

3.  pallorella,  Zcll.  Isis,  1839,  p.  105;  Sta.  Alis  anticis  «??y2<,s'- 
tiilis  dilute  ochreis,  punctis  duobus  disci  nigris,  stria  lata  fusca  -prope 
dorsum  ante  medium  incii)iente,  costani  versus  subcurvata,  pioiio 
punetum  secundum  desiuente,  venis  postice  saturate  fuseis.  Exp.  al. 
10  lin. 

Head  and  face  })ale  ochreous.  Palpi  pale  ochreous;  second  joint 
beneath  i)ale  fuscous.  Antennae  dark  i'uscous.  Anterior  wings  rather 
narrow,  pale  ochreous,  with  a  black  spot  near  the  iiuier  margin  towards 
the  base ;  on  the  disc  are  two  black  spots,  one  before,  the  other  beyond 
the  middle ;  a  broad  fiiscons  streak  arises  near  the  inner  margin  not  far 
from  the  base,  and,  curving  a  little  upwards,  terminates  rather  bei/oiul 
the  second  spot  of  the  disc;  all  the  veins  are  posteriorly  indicated  by 
dark  fuscous  scales  ;  the  liinder  uuu'gin  is  spotted  with  black  ;  cilia  very 
pale  ochreous.  Postericn*  wings  greyish-white,  with  a  slight  fuscous 
tinge  ;  some  spots  towards  the  apex  of  the  hinder  margin  rather  darker  ; 
cilia  whitish. 

Taken  in  the  autunnr  in  several  places  on  the  coast;  at  Dover 
and  the  Isle  of  AVight. 

1-.  Umbellaua,  Step.  11.  iv.  197  {\^'ii).—  Ulicetelta,  Sta.     Alis 


80  OELECHID^.. 

anticis  dilute  oehreis,  jiuiintis  duobus  disci  nigris,  venis  ovinlhns  c(orso(piL' 
mtnrafej'uscls.     Exp.  al.  10  lin. 

Head  and  Aice  pale  oclireous.  Palpi  fuscous,  internally  pale  ochi'e- 
ous  ;  terminal  joint  pale  oclireous,  with  the  tip  dark  fuscous.  Antenntc 
fuscous.  Anterior  wings  j)ale  ochreous,  wltlt-  all  tlic  veins  and  iJie  inner 
margin  darJc  fiiscons ;  on  the  disc  are  two  black  spots,  one  before,  the 
other,  smaller,  beyond  the  middle ;  hinder  margin  spotted  with  black ; 
cilia  pale  grcyish-ochreous.  Posterior  wings  whitish-grey,  a  little 
darker  posteriorly,  with  some  dark  fuscous  spots  at  the  apex  of  the 
hinder  margin  ;  cilia  whitish. 

Not  uncommon  among  furzc-buslies  from  August  to  October. 

5.  assimilella,  Treit.  E.  S.  ix.  1.  259  (1832);  P.  v.  R.  ;  Dup. ; 
Zell. ;  Sta.  —  irrorella,  Step.  —  atomcUa,  Step.  ?  Alis  anticis  dilate 
ochrcis,  fusco-ncbulosis,  nebula  dorsali  prope  basim  saturate  fusca, 
imnclo  disci  ante  medium  nigro,  nebula  fusca  in  medio  obsoletius  plicam 
versus  producta ;  ciliis  dilute  oehreis.     Exp.  al.  9  lin. 

Head  pale  ochreous.  Pace  whitish.  Palpi  pale  ochi-eous ;  second 
joint  slightly  fuscous  beneath ;  terminal  joint  with  a  dark  fuscous  ring 
before  the  apex.  Antenna?  dark  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  pale  ochre- 
ous, clouded  with  fuscous,  with  a  darJc  fascons  blotch  on  the  inner  mar- 
rftn  near  the  base,  hardly  reaching  across  the  fold ;  a  black  spot  on  the 
disc  before  the  middle  is  followed  by  a  fuscous  blotch,  of  which  a  paler 
continuation  extends  to  the  fold ;  hinder  margin  spotted  with  dark  fus- 
cous ;  cilia  pale  gret/ish-ochreons.  Posterior  wings  whitish-grey,  a  little 
darker  posteriorly,  with  the  apex  of  the  hinder  margin  spotted  with 
dark  fuscous  ;  cilia  whitish. 

Common  among  broom  in  June  and  July  ;  the  larvre  feed  be- 
tween united  twigs  of  broom  in  March  and  April. 

6.  nanatella,  Sta.  Ent.  Trans,  v.  134.  pi.  17.  f.  2  (181-9).  Alis 
anticis  breviusculis,  albido-ochreis,  fusco-irroratis,  postice  fusco-suffusis, 
puncto  disci  ante  medium  nigro,  nebula  fusca  in  medio,  costani  fere 
tangente  ;  alis  post  ids  griseo-fuscis.     Exp.  al.  7  lin. 

Head  and  face  whitish-oehreous.  Palpi  very  pale  ochreous;  terminal 
joint  spotted  with  fuscous  below  the  apex.  Antennnc  pale  fuscous. 
Anterior  wings  rather  short,  whitish-oehreous,  irrorated  with  fuscous ; 
towards  the  apex  much  suffused  with  fuscous;  on  the  disc,  a  little  be- 
fore the  middle,  is  a  black  spot ;  be_yond  which,  and  almost  touching 
the  cosla,  is  a  fuscous  blotch ;  the  hinder  margin  and  apex  of  the  costa 
are  spotted  with  pale  ochreous  ;  cilia  pale  greyish-ochrcous.  Posterior 
wings  greyisJi -fuscous,  with  j)aler  cilia. 

Not  common;  has  occurred  at  Charhon^  Micklcham^  and  near 
Dover,  in  August. 

7.  atomella,  W.  V.  137.  fi  (1770);  Hiib. ;  ^i^.—atomosn.  Haw. 
— pulverell((,  Treit.  ;  P.  v.  It. — respersella,  Treii. — intennediella,  Sta. 
Alis  anticis  oehreis  rufo-griseo  fere  sulfusis,  stria  obliqua  dorsali  prope 


DKl'Kr.SSAlUA.  87 

basiin  saturate  fusca,  pHuctis  diio/jits  disci  ante  medium  nigris,  i^itnclifi 
(/nodus  dkci  pone  medium  alOis  u/jvolelis,  sul)  uebula  parva  I'usca.  Exp. 
al.  9Vlin. 

Head  greyisli-ochrcous.  Face  pale  oclircous.  I'alpi  reddisli-grcy, 
interually  pale  oclircous  ;  termiual  joint  pale  oclircous,  with  a  ring-  at 
the  base,  a  ring  before  the  apex,  aud  the  extreme  apex  dark  fuscous. 
Antenn;i;  pale  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  ochreous,  somewhat  suil'uscd 
with  reddish-grey,  ■/cil/t  an  oblique  dark  fuscous  streak  near  the  base  of 
the  inner  mart/in,  reaching  only  half  across  the  wing ;  on  the  disc  before 
the  middle  are  two  black  spots  (the  anterior  nearer  to  the  costa),  followed 
by  a  few  white  scales,  and  in  a  line  with  the  lower  one  are  two  faint 
tohite  spots,  above  which  is  a  small  fuscous  blotch;  the  pale  hinder 
fascia  is  not  sharply  angulatcd  aud  very  indistinct  ;  aloug  the  hinder 
margin  are  some  dark  I'uscous  spots  ;  cilia  greyish-ochreous.  Posterior 
wings  pale  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Not  common ;  appears  in  August  and  Septemlu'r.  The  larva 
feeds  on  broom  ami  (jcmsta  tlncluria  in  ilay  aud  J  une. 

8.  arenella,  \V.  V.  137.  3  (177^.);  Tieit.  ;  T.  v.  li.;  ])np. ;  Sta. 
—f/ilcella,  Iliib. — yilvosa.  Haw. — var.  imviiaculana,  Stcj).  Alis  anticis 
dilute  ochreis,  saturate  fasco  maculatis  et  nebu.losis,  stria  ol)lic|ua  dorsali 
prope  basim  saturate  fusca,  punctis  duobus  disci  ante  medium  nigris, 
nebula  in  medio,  j)uiictoque  posteriore  saturate  fuseis.     Exp.  al.  10  lin. 

Head  ochreous.  Eace  pale  oclircous.  i^-d\\)[  ochreous,  interually 
paler  ;  terminal  joint  with  a  ring  at  the  base,  a  ring  before  the  a])ex, 
and  the  extreme  apex  dark  fuscous.  Antenna)  dark  fuscous.  Anterior 
wings  pale  ochreous,  spotted  and  clouded  with  dark  fuscous ;  on  the 
inner  margin  near  the  base  is  an  oblique  dark  fuscous  streak,  reaching 
nearly  to  the  subcostal  vein  ;  on  the  disc  before  the  middle  are  two 
black  spots  (the  anterior  nearer  to  the  costa),  followed  by  a  dark  fus- 
cous blotch,  beyond  which  and  further  from  the  costa  is  a  dark  fuscous 
spot  ;  the  indications  of  a  pale  hinder  fascia  arc  very  indistinct ;  tlie 
costa  is  spotted  with  dark  fuscous,  and  there  arc  some  black  spots  along 
the  hinder  margin  ;  cilia  pale  ochreous.  Posterior  wings  whitish-grey, 
with  some  dark  fuscous  s]:)ots  towards  the  apex  of  the  hinder  margin  ; 
cilia  yellowish-white. 

Common^  apjiearing  in  August ;  liybernated  specimens  are  not 
unfre(|uent  in  April.  The  larva  feeds  on  Centanrca  n'ujra  in  June 
and  July. 

9.  propinquella,  Tieit.  E.  S.  x.  3.  181-  (LS35)  ;  E.  v.  K. ;  Sta. 
— fjilcosa  var.  j-i.  Haw.  Alis  anticis  breviusculis,  dilute  ochreis,  saturate 
ochreo-marmoratis,  stria  obli(pia  dorsali  prope  basim  saturate  fusca, 
punctis  duobus  disci  ante  medium  nigris,  nebula  in  medio  saturate 
fusca  nifjrave  costam  fere  taugcute.     Exp.  al.  8!  lin. 

Heacl  and  face  pale  greyish-ochreous.  I'alpi  pale  fuscous,  inter- 
nally pale  ochreous  ;  terminal  joint  i)ale  oclircous,  with  a  fuscous  ring  at 
the  base  and  a  dark  fuscous  ring  before  the  apex.     Antemue  pale  fus- 


88  CJKLECIJID.E. 

oous.  Anterior  wings  rather  short,  pale  oohreons,  marhled  lo'dh  darker 
ocItreoHS ;  near  the  base  of  the  inner  margin  is  an  oblique  dark  fuscous 
streak  reaching  nearly  to  the  subcostal  vein  ;  on  the  disc  before  the  mid- 
dle are  two  small  black  spots  (the  anterior  nearer  to  the  costa),  beyond 
is  a  dark  fuscous,  almost  black  blotch  reaching  nearly  to  the  costa;  the 
indications  of  a  pale  hinder  fascia  arc  extremely  indistinct ;  the  costa 
and  hinder  margin  are  spotted  with  dark  fuscous ;  cilia  pale  greyish- 
ochreous.     Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  witli  pale  yellowish-grey  cilia. 

Not  uncommon ;  appearing  in  September  and  October.  The 
larva  feeds  on  the  underside  of  the  leaves  of  thistles  {Cirsium  lan- 
ceolatnm,  etc.)^  making  a  gallery  of  silken  web^  in  July  and  Au- 
gust. 

10.  subpropinqueila,  Sta.  Eut.  Trans,  v.  1.56.  pi.  17.  f.  3(1849). 
— Herndiclla,  Dup.  ?  Alls  anticis  longiusculis  hrunneo-ocltrels,  stria  ob- 
liqua  dorsali  prope  basim/f/r  ohsolda  fusca,  punctis  duobus  disci  ante 
medium  nigris,  nebula  fusca  in  medio,  pnncto  fusco  interdum  obsoleto 
pone  medium.     Exp.  al.  10  lin. 

Head  greyish-ochreous.  Face  pale  greyish-ochreous.  Palpi  pale 
fuscous,  internally  pale  ochreous ;  terminal  joint  pale  ochreous,  with  a 
ring  at  the  base,  a  ring  before  the  apex,  and  the  extreme  apex  dark 
fuscous.  Antenna3  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  brouvush-ochreous,  with 
an  almost  obsolete  fuscous  oblique  streak  on  the  inner  margin  near  the 
base ;  on  the  disc  before  the  middle  are  two  black  s])ots ;  the  anterior 
nearer  the  costa  and  beyond  is  a  fuscous  {rarehj  dark  fuscous)  blotch, 
beyond  which  and  further  from  the  costa  is  a  fuscous  spot,  sometimes 
obsolete;  the  hinder  margin  is  spotted  with  dark  fuscous;  cilia  grey- 
ish-ochreous. Posterior  wings  pale  fuscous,  towards  the  base  paler ; 
cilia  pale  yellowish-grey. 

Common  near  Folkestone^  in  Se])tember ;  also  occurs  at  Eppitig; 
and  last  summer  Mr.  Shield,  of  Ihiblin,  bred  a  specimen  from  a 
larva  which  fed  (like  that  oi prophuiJiella)  on  the  underside  of  the 
leaves  of  thistles  in  June,  producing  the  perfect  insect  in  August. 

_^  11.  Alstrcemeriana,  Clerek,  I.  pi.  x.  f.  1  (1759) ;  Linn.  (S.  N.); 

ir(  ■  ]}S--^^  Htej). — Ahlnrmlaua,  Linn.  (P.  S.) ;  Pab. — Alstrcemeri,  Haw. — Alstros- 
merella,  Preit.  ;  Dup. — mouilella,  W.  V. — pnella,  lliib. — albidella, 
Evei's.  Alis  anticis  aUns,  dilute  (jrlseo-oclireo  irroralis,  macula  dorsali 
propc  basim  dilute  fusca,  punctis  duobus  parvis  disci  ante  medium  ni- 
gris, nebula  in  medio  satm*ate  fusca  costam  tangcnte,  iu  viaculam  satu- 
rate rufam  termlnata.     Exp.  al.  8  lin. 

Head  and  face  white.  Palpi  pale  grey,  internally  white ;  terminal 
joint  with  a  ring  at  the  base,  a  ring  before  the  ajiex,  and  the  extreme 
a])ex  fuscous.  Antcnnre  dark  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  vldte,  Irrorated 
with  })ale  greijish-ochreous ;  on  the  inner  margin  near  the  base  is  an  ob- 
lique pale  fuscous  blotch  reaching  nearly  to  the  subcostal  vein ;  on  the 
disc  before  the  middle  are  two  small  black  spots  (of  which  the  anterior 


DEPUESSARIA.  89 

is  nearer  to  the  costa)  ;  beyond  is  a  dark  fuscous  blotch  touching  the 
costa,  and  tc.nmii(di)i(j  in  a  dark  red  spot ;  the  indications  of  a  pale 
hinder  fascia  are  extremely  slight ;  alf)iig  the  costa  are  some  short  dark 
fuscous  streaks,  anil  at  the  apex  of  the  hinder  margin  ;n-e  a  few  black 
spots ;  cilia  pale  greyish-oclireous.  Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  towards 
the  apex  rather  darker,  with  whitish-grey  cilia. 

Not  a  common  species;  aj)pears  in  August,  and  hybcruated 
specimens  sometimes  occur  in  April.  Mr.  Harding  discovered 
the  larva  last  summer,  feeding  in  the  umbels  of  hemlock  {Coniam 
maculatnii/). 

12.  ciniflonella,  l.ienig  et  Zell.  Isis,  184G.  p.  2S0  ;  Sta.  Alis 
anticis  ruj'o-ijrmh,  alljido-irroratis,  basi  eostaque  us(jue  ad  medium  albis, 
stria  dorsali  prope  basim  saturate  fusca,  puuetis  duobus  disci  srrpe  cun- 
iiexis  nigris,  postcriore  ct  inferiore  douguto,  drifjtdls  daahm  abhrevlalis 
disci  pone  medium  nigris,  Sfppa  in  macidam  coi/nexis.     Exj).  al.  Di  lin. 

Head  and  foce  white,  mixed  with  reddish-grey.  Palpi  fuscous,  in- 
ternally whitish ;  terminal  joint  whitish,  with  a  fuscous  ring  at  the 
base,  and  a  broad  black  one  beibre  the  a])ex.  Antenna;  fuscous.  An- 
terior wings  n'ddhh-gn'y ,  irroratcd  iclth  wliUkli,  with  the  base  and  the 
costa  to  near  the  middle  white ;  on  the  inner  margin  near  the  base  is  a 
dark  fuscous  streak  reaching  to  tlu;  fold;  on  the  (Use  Ijcfore  the  middle 
are  two  black  s,\wtsfreq>(eii//^  connected,  the  lower  and  posterior  one  is 
rather  etongated ;  on  the  disc  beyond  the  middle  are  tico  short  black 
streulcs, frequentty  united  into  a  blotch;  at  the  extrenuty  of  the  lower 
one  is  a  white  spot;  the  whitish  hinder  fascia  is  not  sharply  angulated; 
the  costa  is  spotted  with  fuscous,  the  hinder  margin  with  dark  fuscous; 
cilia  reddish-grey.     Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

This  elegant  species  has  been  met  with  by  Mr.  Weaver,  at 
Rannoch,  on  the  trunks  of  lir-trees. 

13.  purpurea.  Haw.  L.  B.  .511  (1812);  Step. — vaccinella,  lliib.; 
Treit. ;  Dup.  Alis  anticis  rnfo-fnscis,  basi  abrupte,  maculiviue  costali- 
bus  tnteo-griseis,  puuetis  duobus  disci  ante  medium  nigris,  neb/da  magna 
in  medio  saturate  fusca  costam  tangentc.     Exj).  al.  8  lin. 

Head  yellowish-grey,  mixed  with  dark  fuscous.  Pace  i)ale  yellow- 
ish-grey. Palpi  greyish-fuscous,  interiuilly  whitish ;  terminal  joint 
whitish,  with  two  rings  and  the  extreme  tip  dark  fuscous.  Antenna; 
dark  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  reddish -fuscous,  irrorated  with  pale  yel- 
lowish-gret/  along  the  costa ;  the  base  is  almost  entirely  pale  yello^\•ish- 
grcy,  abruptly  terminated  by  an  ol)li(pu'  streak  from  the  inner  margin 
extending  to  the  subcostal  vein ;  on  the  disc  before  the  middle  are  two 
black  spots  (the  anterior  nearer  the  costa),  th(!y  are  followed  by  some 
white  scales;  beyond  them  is  a  large  daric  fuscous  blotch  loucliing  the 
costa,  after  which  is  a  small  wliite  spot  on  the  disc  surrounded  with 
dark  fuscous ;  the  pale  hiiuler  fascia  is  very  iudislinet,  aud^  rather 
acutely  angulated  ;  cilia  reddish-fusinnis.  Posterior  wings  pale  fuscous, 
whitish  towards  the  base,  with  i)aler  cilia. 

VOL.  III.  N 


i'O  CtELECIIIDA^>. 

Not  rare,  but  nowlicre  abundant;  widely  distributed,  appear- 
ing in  August ;  lijbernated  spcciuiens  not  uncommon  in  April. 

It.  capreolellaj  Zell.  Isis,  1839.  p.  196. — caprella,  Sta. — Zephij- 
rclla,  lliib.?  Alis  ixwim^  fjrisco-ochreis,  dorsuni,  versus  rvfo-siijj'nsis, 
basi  diliitiore,  punctis  duobus  disci  ante  medium  nigris,  ditohiis  loiigl- 
tnfJ'nialiter  positis  pone  medium  albis.     Exp.  ab  7  lin. 

Head  j)ale  greyish-ochreous,  with  some  fuscous  scales.  Face  pale 
gi-eyisli-ochreous.  Palpi  pale  fuscous,  internally  pale  ochrcous ;  ter- 
minal joint  j)ale  ocbreous,  with  a  fuscous  ring  at  the  base  and  another 
before  the  apex.  Antenna;  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  (jreylsh-oclireous, 
along  the  inner  margin  7oitlt  a  sJigJit  reddish  thit ;  on  the  inner  margin 
near  the  pale  greyish-ocinvous  base  is  an  oblicpie  fuscous  streak  reach- 
ing to  the  subcostal  vein ;  on  the  disc  before  the  middle  are  two  black 
spots  (of  which  the  anterior  is  nearer  the  costa),  they  are  followed  by 
some  white  scales,  and  beyond  in  a  line  with  the  lower  one  are  two 
lohitish  sjjots  siuTounded  by  some  dark  fuscous  scales ;  the  pale  hinder 
fascia  is  very  indistinct  and  not  acutely  angulated ;  the  hinder  margin 
spotted  with  dark  fuscous ;  cilia  greyish-fuscous.  Posterior  wings 
greyish-fuscous,  towards  the  base  paler,  with  greyish-white  cilia. 

i'ew  specimens  of  this  have  hitherto  been  taken ;  most  of  those 
have  been  beaten  out  of  old  thatch  in  September. 

15.  Hypericella,  Hiib.  Tim  411  (181G);  Treit. ;  Dup. ;  Sta.— 
Utnrella,  Hub.?  Step.? — llturosa,  Haw.?  Alis  antieis  rufo-fuscis, 
carnleo-nigro  (prfecipue  costam  versus)  siijfnsis  (basi  sa?pe  lutea),  stria 
curvata  disci  ante  medium  nigra,  macidis  dnabus  costa  dilute  luieis ; 
thorace,  caiiillis,  palpi sque  jlavidis.     Exp.  al.  9  lin. 

Head  and  face  pale  yellow,  intermixed  with  brownish.  Palpi  pale 
yellow,  with  a  few  fuscous  scales ;  the  terminal  joint  with  a  black  ring 
iminedicdely  before  the  apex.  Antennai  dark  fuscous.  Anterior  wings 
red,  with  a  slight  fuscous  tinge,  sujl'used  loilh  bluish-black,  especially 
towards  the  costa ;  tlie  extreme  base  and  the  basal  portion  of  the  costa 
is  frequently  pale  yellow  ;  on  the  disc  before  the  middle  is  a  curved 
black  streak,  followed  by  a  few  pale  yellow  scales ;  above  it  is  a  p)(il<i 
yellotc  blotch  on  the  costa,  and  beyo)id  the  middle  of  the  costa  is  another 
pate  yellow  blotch,  which  forms,  as  it  were,  the  commencement  of  a 
pale  angulated  hinder  fascia ;  the  hinder  margin  dark  fuscous ;  the 
apex  of  the  costa  dark  fuscous,  spotted  with  pale  yellow ;  cilia  dark 
greyisli-fuseous.  Posterior  wings  grey,  a  little  })aler  towards  the  base, 
with  paler  cilia. 

The  perfect  insect  is  rarely  seen.  The  larva  is  connnon,  feeding 
in  the  tops  of  llyperlcu in  perforatum,  \\\  May  and  June. 

IC).  contermjinella,  Zell.  Isis,  IS.'JU.p.  19G;  Sta. — curvipunctosa. 
Haw.?  Step.?  Alis  nwucXs  rifo-fuscis,  dilute  luteo-griseo  irroratis  (basi 
sRipe  dilute  luteo-grisea),  punctis  duobus  disci  ante  nuuHum  iu  striani 
curvatam  connexis,  scpiamis   dilute   lutco-griscis  secpieiitibus,   puncto 


DErUKSSAUIA.  1)1 

disci  poiic  medium  dilute  luteo-^-riseo,  iiigvo-cincto ;  tlioracc,  capi!/i-s\ 
paljjisqne  intanlum  dilule  hUco-gri%'i>i.     Exp.  al.  I)  liu. 

Jlcad  Olid  face  pale  yeUowisJt-fjrci/,  mixed  with  dark  fuscous.  Palpi 
reddish-fuscous,  internally  pale  yellowish  ;  terminal  joint  with  a  dark 
fuscous  ring  before  the  ])alc  yellowish  apex.  Antenmu  fuscous.  An- 
terior wings  )-eddis/i-/'/i/icoi(s,  irrorulcd  2cUIi  pale  yeUoichh-yrey ;  the 
pale  ycUowish-grey  base  contains  a  small  dark  fuscous  sjxit  on  the 
inner  margin;  on  the  disc  before  the  middle  are  two  black  spots  united 
into  a  curved  streak,  they  are  followed  by  some  ])ale  yellowish-grey 
scales,  and  beyond  the  middle  on  the  disc  is  a  yellowish-grey  spot  en- 
circled with  black ;  the  pale  hinder  fascia  is  rather  ohlio^ehj  m\^v\-AiQ.i\. 
and  somewhat  iudistirict ;  the  hinder  margin  and  apex  of  the  costa 
spotted  with  dark  fuscous ;  cilia  greyish-fuscous.  Posterior  wings 
whitish-grey,  darker  towards  the  apex,  with  paler  cilia. 

Occurs  occasionally  among  sallows  in  July  and  August.  The 
larva  pleutiful  in  the  terminal  shoots  of  sallows  and  osiers  in  May 
and  June. 

17.  Angelicella,  Iliib.  Tin.  337  (ISIG);  Trcit. ;  Zell. ;  Sta.— 
ruhldella,  J)up.  Alls  anticis  dilute  lutels,  r/i/o-siijf/fsis,  puncto  disci  ante 
medium,  puncto  postcriore  pliciu  nigris,  nebula  tiujra  disci  pone  niediuui; 
})alporum  articulo  tertio  hnniaculalu  llavido.      Exp.  al.  S.l  lin. 

Head  and  face  pale  yellow.  Pal])i  pale  yellow,  mixed  with  fuscous; 
terminal  joint  entirely  pcde  yellow.  Anteunre  fuscous.  Anterior  wings 
pale  yellow,  suffused  irilJi  reddish,  with  a  dark  fuscous  spot  at  the  base 
of  the  costa,  a  reddish-fuscous  streak  from  the  inner  margin  reaching 
nearly  to  the  costa,  bordering  the  pale  yellow  base  of  the  wing ;  on 
the  disc  before  the  middle  is  a  black  sj)ot,  and  a  little  posterior  i3 
another  on  the  fold ;  beyond  the  middle  is  a  black  blotch  on  the  disc 
(which  sometimes  appears  as  though  phiced  in  an  oblicpie  cloudy  lascia); 
the  hinder  margin  and  apex  of  the  costa  are  spotted  with  dark  fuscous; 
cilia  pale  reddish-yellow.  Posterior  wings  whitish-grey,  with  paler 
cilia. 

Not  uncommon  in  the  fens  of  Cambridgeshire,  and  near  Bristol, 
among  Angelica  sj/lves/ris;  the  perfect  insect  appears  in  July,  the 
larva  feeding  on  the  Anyeiica  in  June  (1  am  credibly  informed 
that  the  larva  feeds  also  on  sallow). 

18.  Carduella,  Iliib.  Tin.  i3!)  (ISIG);  Stc\).—r>djidella,  lliib.  ? 
Alls  antieis  dilute  ruJ'o-ochreis,fusco-irroratis,  punctis  duobus  disci  ante 
medium  nigris,  duobus  aliis  ])one  medium  minus  ap])roxiniatis  (ante- 
riore  fere  obsoleto).     Exp.  al.  7o  lin. 

Head  pale  reddish-ochreous.  Face  i)ale  oehreous.  Palpi  pale  rcd- 
dish-ochreous,  intcriudly  pale  ochrcons ;  terminal  j"i'it  pale  oehreous, 
with  a  ring  at  the  base,  a  ring  before  the  apex,  and  the  extreme  aj)ex 
i'uscous.  AntenncU  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  pale  reddish-ochreous,  with 
numerous  scattered  fuscous  scales;  irom  the  inner  margin  near  the  base 
is  an  obli(pie  dark  fuscous  streak  reaching  only  half  across  the  wing; 


92  gelechiDjE. 

on  the  disc  before  the  middle  are  two  black  spots  (of  which  the  an- 
terior is  nearer  the  costa)  ;  beyond  the  middle  are  two  more  remote,  of 
which  the  anterior  is  rather  obsolete ;  a  pale  hinder  fascia  is  hardly  in- 
dicated at  all ;  the  hintler  margin  spotted  with  dark  fuscons  ;  cilia  pale 
greyish-ochreons.     Posterior  wings  whitisli-grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

A  scarce  species,  hitherto  only  taken  singly  in  various  localities 
in  the  south,  in  July  and  August. 

19.  ocellana,  Fab.  S.  E.  653.  40(1775);  ^ie^i.—cJiaractereUa, 
W.  v.;  Treit. ;  Dup. ;  Sta. — siijiiella,  Hi'ib.  —  s/t/nosa,  Haw.  AHs 
anticis  dilutissime  griseo-ocln-eis,  squarais  sparsis  fuscis,  punctis  dno- 
bus  disci  ante  medium  satnratc  fuscis,  macula  fitsca  in  medio  infra  coc- 
ciueo-sfpiamato,  pnncto  posteriore  albo  coccineo-eincto.  Exp.  al.  10-11 
lin. 

licad  and  face  pale  greyish-ochreous.  Palpi  pale  greyish-ochreons, 
internally  pale  ochreons ;  terminal  joint  pale  ochreons,  with  a  ring  at 
the  l)ase,  a  ring  before  the  apex,  antl  the  apex  itself  fnscons.  Antennae 
fuscous.  Anterior  wings  very  pale  greyish-ochreous,  with  numerous 
fuscous  scales,  with  a  rcddish-l'uscous  cloud  on  the  inner  margin  near 
the  base,  extending  rather  obliquely  towards  the  subcostal  vein ;  on 
the  disc  before  the  middle  arc  two  dark  fuscous  sjiots  (of  which  the 
anterior  is  nearer  the  costa,  and  the  ]iosterior  is  rather  elongated) ;  in 
a  line  with  the  upper  spot  is  a  fuscous  blotch,  below  which  are  some  crim- 
son scales,  which  also  encircle  a  white  spot  beyond,  and  Jiearly  in  a  line 
with  the  lower  of  the  first  two  spots;  the  pale  angulated  hinder  fascia 
is  rather  indistinct ;  the  hinder  margin  and  costa  are  spotted  with  dai-k 
fuscous  ;  cilia  pale  greyish-ochreous,  with  a  slight  reddish  tinge.  Pos- 
terior wings  whitish,  with  paler  cilia. 

Not  uufrequent  among  sallows  in  the  spring.  The  perfect  in- 
sect appears  in  August,  but  is  then  rarely  met  with.  The  larva 
feeds  on  sallows  in  July. 

20.  Yeatiana,  Fab.  S.  1.  ii.  286.  60  (1781);  Sta.— Fw/w/,  Haw. 
Yealsana,  Step .— pu.tr idella ,  Haw. ;  Step.  ;  W.  V.  ?  Hiib.  ? — Boieella, 
Freyer. — albidana,  Don.? — adspersella,  Treit.?  Alis  anticis  dilute  (jriseo- 
ochreis,  punctis  duobus  disci  ante  medium  nigris,  macula  fusca  in  medio 
costam  versus,  pnncto  posteriore  alljo  fusco-cincto  {i^enis  omnibus  i?iter- 
dujnfuscescei/tibus).     Ex[).  al.  9.V  lin. 

Head  pale  greyish-ochreous.  Face  ]iale  ochreons.  Palpi  pale  ochre- 
ons ;  second  joint  externally  pale  fuscous ;  terminal  joint  with  a  ring 
at  the  base,  a  ring  before  the  apex,  and  the  apex  itself  fuscous.  An- 
tenna; fuscous.  Anterior  wings  pale  (jrei/ish-ochreons,  with  a  dark  fus- 
cous streak  from  the  iimer  margin  near  the  base,  extending  oblitpiely 
nearly  to  the  subcostal  vein  ;  on  the  disc  before  the  middle  are  two 
black  spots  (the  anterior  nearer  the  costa)  ;  they  are  clnsi^Iy  followed 
by  a  fuscous  blotch,  bc^yond  which  and  nearly  in  a  line  with  the  lower 
of  \\\v.  first  two  spots  is  a  white  spot  surrounded  by  fuscous  ;  hinder 
margin  s^jottcd  with  dark  fuscous  {in  som.e  specimens  all  the  veins  are 


DEPTIESSAKIA.  93 

indicated  by  fnscous  streaks) ;  cilia  pale  greyisli-oclireous.  Posterior 
wings  pale  grey,  towards  the  base  wliitisli,  with  paler  eilia. 

Taken  in  many  places  near  London  in  the  autumn,  by  beating 
thatch. 

21.  applana.  Fab.  G.  T.  291   (1776);  Haw.;  Step.;  Sta.— r//;-  (^,  jV 
planella.  Fab.  (E.  S.  Sup.) ;  F.  v.  R.—  Cmfolii,  Reiz.—Cic/iMh,  1  liib. ;  ^  ^  _  <^ 
Treit. ;  Dup.     Alis  aiitieis  rnfo-fums,  fusco-nebidosis,  punetis  diiobus  ^ 
disci  ante  medium  nigris,  Sf/ua/u.is  seqnenliius  aldis,  punetis  duobus  in 

eadeni  linca  cum  puncto  inferiore  all)is,  saturate  fusco-cinctis  ;  ciliis  ala- 
rum posticarum  albido-griseis,  apicibi/s  non  rufo-linctis.  Exp.  al.  10  lin. 

Head  and  face  greyisli-ochreous,  mixed  with  fuscous.  I'alpi  fuscous, 
internally  pale  greyisli-ochreous  ;  terminal  joint  pale  ochreous,  with  a 
ring  at  the  base,  a  ring  before  the  apex,  and  the  extreme  apex  dark 
fuscous.  Antemuie  fuscous,  more  than  two-thirds  the  lemrth  of  the 
anterior  wings.  Anterior  wings  reddish-fiificon-s,  clouded  with  fiisconx ; 
the  blotch  near  the  base  of  the  inner  margin  is  sharply  defined  towards 
the  pale  greyisli-ochreous  base  of  the  wing,  but  less  shar])ly  defined  to- 
wards the  subcostal  vein,  where  it  terminates;  on  the  disc  before  the 
middle  arc  two  black  sjiots  (of  which  the  anterior  is  nearer  the  eosta)  ; 
i/tei/  are  (jenerally  followed  hij  a  few  wlilte  scales,  and  l)eyond,  in  a  line 
with  the  lower  one,  arc  two  white  spots,  surrounded  by  some  dark  fus- 
cous scales;  the  pale  hinder  fascia  is  indistinct  and  obtusely  angulatcd  ; 
the  costa  and  hinder  margin  are  spottctl  with  dark  fuscous ;  cilia  red- 
dish-fuscous. Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  paler  towards  the  base ;  cilia 
whitish-grey,  with  the  lips  not  rtfuas. 

A  most  abundant  species^,  Hitting  merrily  along  the  h;a(less 
hedges  in  the  early  spring.  The  perfect  insect  appears  in  July, 
and  during  the  autumn  is  frequently  met  vvitli  "by  those  beating 
thatch  for  the  rarer  species  of  the  genus,  but  is  rarely  seen  on  the 
wing  of  its  own  accord.  The  hirva  feeds  in  June  on  the  leaves 
of  Aalln-iscns  sylccslris,  CheropkijUnm  temulcntum,  and  several 
other  IJniheHifcrfe,  turning  over  a  small  portion  of  the  leaf;  it  is 
extremely  active, 

22.  ciliella,  Sta.  Ent.  Trans,  v.  1()1.  pi.  17.  f.  7  (lSt9).  Alis 
anticis  dilule  nfo-hrnuneis,  punetis  diiobus  disci  ante  medium  nigris, 
squamis  seqiientibus  albls,  punetis  duobus  in  cadem  linea  cum  ]mneto 
inferiore  albis,  saturate  fusco-cinctis;  ciliis  alarum  posticarum  albido- 
griseis,  apicibus  rifo-lihctis.     Exp.  al.  1 1  lin. 

Head  and  face  reddish-brown.  Palpi  reddish-brown,  internally  pale 
ochreous;  terminal  joint  dirty  ochreous,  with  a  ring  at  the  ])ase,  a  ring 
before  the  apex,  and  the  apex  itself  dark  fuscous.  Anteiiiue  fuscous. 
Anterior  wings  pale  reddish-broirti,  with  a  darker  blotch  on  the  inner 
margin  near  the  base,  reaching  to  the  subcostal  vein  (the  space  betwecu 
it  and  the  base  being  fre([uently  paler  than  the  rest  of  the  wing)  ;  on 
the  disc  before  the  middle  are  two  black  spots  (the  anterior  nearer  the 


94  GELECHID.'E. 

costa) ;  tJiey  are  followed  hy  some  white  scales,  and  beyond,  in  a  line 
with  the  lower  one,  are  two  white  spots  surrounded  by  some  dark  fus- 
cous scales  ;  the  pale  hinder  fascia  is  indistinct  and  obtusely  angidated  ; 
the  costa  and  hinder  margin  are  spotted  with  fuscous ;  cilia  re(hlish- 
fnscous.  Posterior  wings  pale  greyish-fuscous,  paler  towards  the  base ; 
the  cilia  paler,  with  the  tips  tinged  with  rufous. 

Not  common ;  sometimes  obtained  by  beating  old  thatch  in  the 
autumn.  The  larva  feeds  (according  to  Mr.  Allen  Hill)  in  July, 
on  the  leaves  and  umbels  of  Angelica  s^lvestris. 

23.  granulosella,  n.  sp.  Alls  anticis  griseo-ochreis,  fusco-uebido- 
sis,  punctis  duobus  disci  ante  medium  nigris,  inferiore  paullulum  elon- 
gato,  puncto  pone  medium  subobsoleto  albo.     Exp.  al.  8  lin. 

Head  greyish-ochreous.  Face  ]xale  ochreous.  Palpi  pale  fuscous,  in- 
ternally pale  ochreous ;  terminal  joint  pale  ochreous,  with  a  ring  at  the 
base,  a  ring  before  the  apex,  and  the  extreme  apex  dark  fuscous.  An- 
tennae fuscous,  little  more  than  half  the  length  of  the  anterior  wings. 
Anterior  wings  greyish-ochreous,  clouded  withfuscons,  with  a  dark  fuscous 
blotch  on  the  inner  margin  near  the  base,  sharply  defined  towards  the 
base,  less  so  at  the  subcostal  vein,  where  it  terminates ;  on  the  disc 
before  the  middle  are  two  black  spots  obliquely  placed,  the  lower  and 
posterior  one  is  rather  elongated ;  in  a  line  with  it,  beyond  the  middle, 
is  an  almost  obsolete  white  spot ;  indications  of  a  pale  hinder  fascia 
are  not  perceptible ;  costa  spotted  with  dark  fuscous,  hinder  margin 
with  a  few  fuscous  spots  ;  cilia  pale  greyish-ochreous.  Posterior  wings 
pale  grey,  with  whitish-grey  cilia. 

Taken  at  Deal,  in  September. 

24.  rottindella,  Dougl.  Zool.  1270.  f.  8  {l^^(j). —pL'loritanella, 
Zell.  Alis  anticis  augustulis  dilute  griseo-ochreis,  puncto  prope  basini 
dorsum  versus,  puncto  disci  ante  medium,  ])uncto(|ue  (dorso  propiore) 
disci  pone  medium  saturate  fuscis.     Exp.  al.  Ih  lin. 

Head  and  face  pale  greyish-ochreous.  Palpi  dirty  ochreous,  internally 
whitish  ;  terminal  joint  pale  ochreous,  with  a  ring  at  the  base,  and  an- 
other before  the  apex,  pale  fuscous.  Antenuic  pale  fuscous.  Anterior 
wings  rather  narrow,  pale  greyish-ochreous,  with  a  spot  towards  the 
inner  margin  near  the  base,  a  spot  on  the  disc  before  the  middle,  and 
anotlier  (rather  nearer  the  inner  margin)  beyond  the  middle  dark  fus- 
cous ;  at  the  ajiex  of  the  hinder  margin  are  a  few  dark  fuscous  spots  ; 
cilia  pale  greyish-ochreous.  Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  towards  the 
base  whitish,  with  paler  cilia. 

Taken  in  September  at  Micklcham,  Sanderstead,  and  near  Folk- 
f^toiie;  also  near  Dover,  and  in  the  Isle  of  Wight.  Mr.  Harding 
has  bred  a  specimen  (I  believe)  of  this  species,  from  a  larva  feed- 
ing on  the  lK)wers  of  Echiiim  vulgarc. 

25.  depressella,  Iliib.  Tin.  m  (ISlfi);  \^\\\).—depressana,  Zell. ; 
Sta.  ;  Eab.? — Btuntii,  Cnrt. ;  Ste[). — collarella,  Zett.  Alis  anticis /«i-6-o- 


DEPUKSSAIilA.  '.».") 

rvfis,  dorsum  versus  saturatinribus,  Hqiiamis  sparm  (Vilnic  hdch,  macula 
dorsaVi  pone  rnediioii,  fasciaciuo  postica  angulata  (infra  iilicam  oljsoleta 
costaiu  versus  vix  irulicata)  dilnlc  lufais.     Exp.  al.  7  lin. 

Head  and  face  pale  yellow.  I'alpi  dirty  yellow,  internally  wliitisli  ; 
terminal  joint  pale  yellow,  with  a  ring  at  tbc  base  and  another  before 
the  apex,  fuscous.  Antcnn;r.  reddish-fuscous.  Anterior  wings  reddish- 
fuscoas,  darker  towards  the  inner  nuirgin,  with  some  scattered  pale  yel- 
low scales,  and  beyond  tJie  middle  of  the  inner  maryin  is  a  large  pale  yel- 
lowish spot,  followed  by  a  pale  yellowish  angulated  fascia,  of  which  that 
portion  only  from  the  middle  of  the  disc  to  the  fold  is  distinct  (of  the 
costal  half  especially  only  a  few  scales  are  present)  ;  cilia  pale  reddish- 
grey.     Posterior  wings  pale  fuscous,  with  jxder  cilia. 

JFew  Britisli  specimens  have  yet  been  taken.  I\h-.  Blunt  met 
with  it  at  Southchurcli,  Essex,  in  -luly,  and  ^!r.  Douglas  took  it 
at  rolkstone  in  October.  The  hirvu  feeds  on  the  seeds  of  the 
carrot  and  parsnep  in  July  and  August. 

2G.  Pimpinellse,  Zell.  Isis,  1S39.  p.  196;  Sta. — Vimpinella, 
Dup. — puherella,  Evers. — characterosa.  Haw.?  Step.?  Alls  antieis 
nn^wsinYi?,  fitscescentibus,  cost  am  versus  rufescentihus,  scpiamis  sparsis  al- 
bidis,  striolis  nuraerosis  disci  saturate  fuseis,  qnaruiii.  una  ante,  altera 
pone  medium  conspicuce.     Exp.  al.  S-8J  lin. 

Head  and  face  reddish-fuscous.  Palpi  reddish-fuscous,  internally 
pale  ochreous ;  terminal  joint  reddish  or  pale  fuscous,  with  a  ring  at 
the  base  and  another  before  the  pale  ochreous  apex,  dark  fuscous. 
Antenna?  dark  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  rather  narrow,  rather  pale  fus- 
cous, towards  the  costa  reddish,  with  several  scattered  white  scales ;  to- 
wards the  inner  margin  near  the  base  is  a  dark  fuscous  dash ;  on  the 
disc  are  numerous  short  dark  fuscous  streaks,  of  which  one  before  and 
one  beyond  the  middle  are  conspicuous ;  the  pale  hinder  fascia  is  very 
indistinct  and  rather  sharply  angulated  ;  the  hinder  mai-gln  and  apex 
of  the  costa  are  spotted  with  dark  fuscous  ;  cilia  reddish-fuscous.  I'os- 
tcrior  wings  greyish-fuscous,  towards  the  base  whitish,  with  pale  grc^y- 
ish-fuscous  cilia. 

Not  a  common  species  ;  taken  near  Stoat's  Nest  by  ls\v.  Bedell, 
by  beating  ohl  thatch,  in  September.  The  huva  feeds  in  July 
and  August  on  Pmpinella  saxifraga. 

27.  albipunctella,  Hiib.  Tin.  149  (1801);  Treit. ;  Step.;  Dup.; 
Zell.;  Sta. — albipnncla.  Haw.  Alis  awixchfusco-rufis,  saturatiusf/sco- 
nebulosis,  stria  obliqua  abbreviata  disci  ante  medium  saturate  fuscu, puncto 
disci  pone  medium  albo,  fascia  postica  dilutiorc  angulata,  inter  nebulas 
fuscas  posita.     Exp.  al.  8.V  lin. 

Head  and  face  dark  reddish-fuscous.  I'alpi  d;u-k  reddish-fuscous, 
internally  whitish  ;  terminal  joint  entirely  dark  fuscous,  cxeej)t  the 
pale  ochreous  apex.  Anterior  wings  reddish -fuscous,  clouded  with  dark 
fuscous,  especially  towards  the  base   (whereby  the  ordinary  dark  spot 


96  GELECHID/E. 

on  the  costa,  and  larger  dark  spot  towards  tlic  inner  margin  near  the 
base,  arc  almost  lost  in  the  dark  gronnd-colour) ;  on  ihe  iIIhc  before  the 
middle  is  a  short  ohlique  dark  fnscons  streak,  and  beyond  the  viiddle  is  a 
white  spot  on  the  disc,  closely  followed  by  the  pale,  not  acutely  angu- 
lated  fascia,  which  is  placed  between  two  fuscous  clouds ;  the  hinder 
margin  and  apex  of  the  costa  are  spotted  with  dark  fuscous ;  cilia 
greyish-fuscous.  Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  towards  the  apex  inclining 
to  fuscous,  with  paler  cilia. 

Not  a  scarce  species ;  formerly  I  used  to  take  it,  at  sugar,  iu 
July  and  August. 

28.  emeritella  (v.  Heyd.),  Sta.  Ent.  Trans,  v.  167  (1849).  Alis 
anticis  f/isco-r/ijis,  Ijasim  versus  saturatioribus,  sqnainis  sj)a?'s/s  albidis, 
puncto  elongato  ante,  pmtcto  rotundo  disci  pone  medium  albidis,  spatio 
interjccto  saturate  fusco,  fascia  postica  ])aUida  acute  angulata,  infra  pli- 
cam  valde  obsoleta ;  thorace  ac  capite  dilute  luteis.     Exp.  al.  11  lin. 

Head  and  face  pale  yellow,  with  a  slight  reddish  tinge.  Palpi  red- 
dish-fuscous ;  internally  and  the  tip  of  the  terminal  joint  pale  yellowish. 
Antenu;e  dark  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  reddish-fnscous,  towards  the 
base  darker  (whereby  the  dark  spot  at  the  base  of  the  costa  and  the 
ilark  dash  towards  the  inner  margin  near  the  base  are  almost  oblite- 
rated), with  numerous  whitish  scales ;  on  the  disc  before  the  middle  is 
an  elonyated  whitish  spot,  (aid  beyond  the  middle  is  a  round  whitish  spot, 
the  space  between  them  being  dark  fuscous ;  the  pale  hinder  fascia 
formed  of  whitish  scales,  begins  on  the  costa  rather  before  the  iniddle, 
is  rather  sharply  angulated  and  becomes  very  indistinct  below  the  fold; 
cilia  })alc  reddisli-grcy.  Posterior  wings  whitish-grey,  with  paler  cilia, 
with  a  slight  n;ddish  tint. 

A  specimeuof  this  conspicuous  species,  unique  as  British,  is  in 
Mr.  Shepherd's  collection.  The  perfect  insect  appears  in  August. 
The  larva  feeding  on  the  tansy  {Tanacctiun  vn/yare)  in  July. 

29.  pulcherrimella,  Sta.  Ent.  Trmis.  v.  164.  pi.  17.  f.  8  (1819). 
Alis  anticis  J'nsco-riijis,  sqnamis  niiinerosis  albidis,  striolis  multis  disci 
satiu'ate  fuscis,  quarum  una  obliqua  disci  ante  medium  cum  squamis  se- 
(juentibns  albidis  conspicua,  puncto  albldo  pone  st/uun  alteram  pone  me- 
dium, fascia  postica  ]:)allida  acute  angulata ;  thorace  ac  capite  dilute  rufo- 
griseis.     Exp.  al.  8tj  lin. 

Head  and  face  pale  reddish-grey .  Palpi  reddish-fuscous,  internally 
whitish  ;  terminal  joint  fuscous,  with  a  ring  at  the  base  and  another 
before  the  pale  ochrcous  apex,  dark  fuscous.  Antenme  dark  fuscous. 
Anterior  wings  reddish-fnscous,  with  numerous  whitish  scales;  a  small 
sjxit  al.  the  base  of  the  costa  and  a  dash  towards  the  inner  margin  near 
the  base  dark  fuscous ;  on  the  disc  are  several  short  dark  fuscous 
streaks,  of  which  an  obluiue  one  before  the  middle,  followed  by  some 
whitish  scales,  is  conspicuous;  beyond  a  fuscous  streak  on  the  disc  be- 
yond the  middle  is   a   small   whitish  spot;    the  pale  hinder  fascia  is 


DEPRl'SSAUIA.  97 

wliiti^li  1111(1  rnllu'i"  aoiitcly  ;iiigiilatcd  ;  the  hinder  ninrgiu  and  apox  of 
the  costa  are  spotted  with  dark  fuscous;  cilia  reddish-grey.  Pos- 
terior wings  grey,  paler  towards  the  base ;  cilia  pale  grey,  with  a 
slight  reddish  tinge. 

Occurs  sparingly  at  Saiulcrstead  and  j\licklcliani  in  July. 

30.  Douglasella,  Sta.  Eut.  Trans,  v.  1G5  (1S49).  Alis  antieis 
grisco-fuscis,  sq/taa/is  uparnis  allihik,  striolis  numerosis  saturate  fuscis, 
rjuarum  una  oblhuia  diHcl  ante  medium  mu(jls  coiisjjicKa,  sqHcimis  albis 
sequentibus,  punclido  albldo  pone  strlam  satnrcde  f/lscaui,  disci  pone 
tnedium,  fascia  postica  albida  obtuse  angulata,  ad  costam  in  inacu- 
1am  saturate  fuscara  exeunte ;  Uiorace  ac  capite  ulbis.  Exp.  al.  81 
lin. 

Head  and  face  w//de.  Palpi  fuscous,  internally  pale  ochrcnus ;  ter- 
minal joint  fuscous,  with  a  dark  fuscous  ring  at  the  base  and  another 
before  the  pale  oclireous  apex.  Anteunn;  dark  fuscous.  Anterior  wings 
grei/ish-fuscous,  tcith  scatlercd  whitish  scales,  with  a  small  dark  fuscous 
spot  at  the  base  of  the  costa,  and  a  dark  fuscous  dash  towards  the 
inner  margin  near  tlie  base ;  on  the  disc  are  numerous  short  dark  fus- 
cous streaks,  of  which  an  oblique  one  before  the  middle  is  cousj)icuous, 
being  follotced  by  some  tchitish  scales,  and  beyond  another  dark  fuscous 
streak,  on  the  disc  beyond  the  middle,  is  a  sniall  ichitish  spot ;  the  whitish 
hinder  fascia  is  almost  obtusely  angulated,  and  terminates  in  a  dark 
fuscous  blotcb  on  the  costa ;  the  hinder  margin  and  apex  of  the  costa 
are  spotted  with  dark  fuscous  ;  cilia  greyish-fuscous.  Posterior  wings 
grey,  towards  the  apex  somewhat  fuscous,  with  paler  cilia. 

A  scarce  species,  a])peariug  in  July  and  August;  it  has  been 
takeu  ut  Micklcham,  lolkstone,  iJover,  and  the  Isle  of  Wight. 

31.  "Weirella,  Sta.  Eut.  Trans,  v.  16.5.  pi.  17.  f.  5  (1S49).— «;;/os«, 
Haw.?  Alis  auticis/«.sco-?v<//.s',  saturatiusfusco-nebalosis,  sfjuamis  spar- 
sis  albidis,  stria  ante,  puncto  jione  disci  mediutn,  squatnis  ulbidis  nolato 
saturate  fuscis,  fascia  postica  acute  angulata  obsokita ;  utis  posticis  al- 
bidis, apicem  versus  fusccsccntibus.     Exj).  al.  9t  lin. 

Head  and  face  greyish-fuscous.  Palpi  dark  reddish-fuscous,  inter- 
nally pale  ochreous  ;  terminal  joint  paler,  with  a  dark  fuscous  ring  be- 
fore the  pale  ochreous  apex.  Antennrc  dark  fuscous.  Anterior  wings 
redclish-fnscous,  clouded  with  darker  fuscous,  and  with  scattered  whitish 
scales ;  on  the  disc  before  the  middle  is  a  dark  fuscous  streak,  followed 
beyond  the  middle  by  a  dark  fuscous  spot,  in  which  are  some  whitish 
scales ;  the  hinder  fascia  is  indistinct  and  hardly  acutely  angulated  ; 
the  hinder  margin  and  apex  of  the  eosta  are  spotted  with  dark  fuscous; 
cilia  ])ale  fuscous,  varied  with  darker  fuscous.  Posterior  winys  ichitish 
at  the  base,  towards  the  apex  pale  fuscous,  with  paler  cilia. 

The  perfect  insect  appears  in  July,  but  is  hardly  ever  seen;  a 
few  specimens  have  been  obtained  by  healing  tluilch  in  tlie  au- 
tumn.    The  larva  (which  1  have  found  abundantly)  feeds  on  An- 

VOL.  III.  o 


98  OELECIIID.E. 

thrisctis  ,y/hestris  in  May  and  June,  cuvling  down  a  })iccc  of  I  lie 
leaf;  it  closely  resembles  the  larva  of  D.  app/ana. 

32.  Chserophylli,  Zell.  Isis,  1839.  p.  196;  Sia.—Heracleinut, 
Fab.  (E.  S.  iii.  2). — dadia,  Haw.  ?  Alls  anticis  (jriseo-fiiscis,  vnicula 
ohlonga  coda  hasuli  rufo-fttsca,  striolis  nuraerosis  iiigris,  squamis  albidis 
iutermixtis,  fascia  postica  pallida  acute  angulata.     Exp.  al.  9^  lin. 

Head  and  face  dark  greyish-fuscous.  Palpi  dark  fuscous  ;  the  second 
joint  iaternally  and  at  the  tip  pale  ochreous ;  terminal  joint  dark  fus- 
cous, with  the  tip  pale  ochreous.  Antennae  dark  fuscous.  Anterior 
wings  (/m/ish-fnscoiis,  with  the  extreme  base  of  the  costa  and  an  ob- 
lique dash  from  the  base  to  the  inner  margin  dark  fuscous ;  towards 
the  base  of  tlie  costa  is  a  large  reddlsh-J'nscons  blotch ;  along  the  disc 
are  numerous  short  black  streaks  interspersed  with  whitish  scales,  and 
beyond  the  middle  is  a  pale  acutely  angulaied  fascia,  of  which  the 
costal  arm  reaches  nearly  to  the  middle  of  the  wing  ;  the  hinder  margin 
and  apex  of  the  costa  are  spotted  with  dark  fuscous ;  cilia  pale  fuscous. 
Posterior  wings  pale  greyish-fuscous,  with  paler  cilia. 

Not  an  luiconimon  species,  appearing  in  August.  The  larva, 
wdiicli  is  extremely  lively,  feeds  in  July,  in  tlie  umbels  of  Cluero- 
pliijUum  temuhntani,  devouring  inditl'ei'eidly  the  llowcrs  or  seeds. 

33.  ultimella,  Sta.  Ent.  Trans,  v.  160.  pi.  17.  f.  0  (18i9).  Ahs 
anticis  griseo-fiiscis,  dilute  riifo-tiitctis,  striolis  numerosis  saturate  fuscis, 
puncto  elongato  ante,  puncto  pone  disci  medium,  saturate  fuscis,  squa- 
mis nonuullis  albidis  interjectis,  fascia  postica  pallida  acute  angulata,  fere 
obsoleta.     Exp.  al.  9  lin. 

Head  and  face  greyish-ochreous.  Palpi  fuscous,  internally  pale  ochre- 
ous; the  terminal  joint  with  the  base  and  a  ring  beibrc  the  pale  ochreous 
apex,  dark  fuscous.  Antenna;  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  grei/ish-fascous, 
with  a  reddish  tinge,  with  numerous  longitudinal  dark  fuscous  streaks ; 
at  the  base  of  the  costa  is  a  dark  fuscous  spot,  and  another  larger  to- 
wards the  inner  margin  near  the  base ;  ou  the  disc  before  the  middle 
is  an  elongated  dark  spot,  and  a  shorter  dark  spot  follows  it  beyond 
the  middle,  between  these  spots  are  some  whitish  scales  ;  the  pale  hinder 
fascia  is  acutely  angulated,  but  rather  indistinct ;  the  hinder  margin 
and  apex  of  the  costa  are  spotted  with  dark  fuscous  ;  cilia  greyish- 
fuscous.  Posterior  wings  jjale  whitish-grey,  posteriorly  inclining  to 
fuscous,  with  paler  cilia. 

Ap])ears  in  September,  when  the  species  may  sometimes  be  met 
with  by  beating  old  thatch ;  occurs  at  Lewes  and  IVdkstouc. 

34.  nervosa,  Haw.  L.  P..  rA)i\  (IS  12);  Stej). ;  ^ia.— Da /icclla, 
W.  V.  ?  Treit.  ?  Zell.  ?—apiella,  lliib.  2—apiceUa,  8tep.  ?  Alis  anticis 
griseo-fiiscis,  dilute  rufesceute-tiuctis,  striis  munerosis  saturate  fuscis, 
punctis  duobus  disci,  altero  ante,  altcro  post  medium  saturate  fuscis 
atbido-cinctis,  fascia  postica  pallida  valde  angulata,  a2}ice  suo  ad  alee 
(tpicem  accedente.      Exp.  al.  10-11  lin. 


DEI'KKSSAHIA. 


99 


IToad  and  face  greyish-fuscous.  Talpi  dark  fuscous,  internally  jialc 
grcyish-oclireous  ;  terminal  joint  rather  paler,  with  the  base  and  a  ring 
before  the  pale  ochreous  apex,  dark  fuscous.  Antennse  fuscous.  An- 
terior wings  (jrei/ish-fnscous,  loitJi.  a  vl'Tij  sU(/7it  reddish  tlwje,  with  nu- 
merous longitudinal  fuscous  streaks ;  the  base  of  the  costa  and  a  small 
spot  near  the  inner  margin,  towards  the  base,  are  dark  fuscous ;  on  the 
disc  are  two  dark  fuscous  spots  (one  before,  the  other  l)eyond  the  mid- 
dle), surrounded  by  some  whitish  scales ;  the  pale  hinder  fascia  is  ex- 
trcmdtj  aiigidaied,  and  its  apex  approximates  towards  the  apex  of  the 
iciiir/ ;  the  hinder  margin  and  a])ex  of  the  costa  are  spotted  with  dark 
fuscous;  cilia  greyish-fuscous.   Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

^lauy  specimens  have  been  obtained  in  various  j)arts  of  the 
country  in  September^  by  beating  old  thatch.  The  larva  feeds 
(according  to  Mr.  Allen  Hill)  in  July  in  the  umbels  of  Clcnta 
r'rrosa.  (//the  contuiental  BanccJIa  (^6' identical,  the  larva  also 
feeds  on  PheUandrlam  aqnalicuvi,  changing  to  the  pupa  state 
within  the  stem  of  that  plant.) 

35.  badiella,  ITiib.  Tin.  92  (ISOl);  Treit.;  Zell. ;  Sta.  ;  Step.? 
Alis  anticis  latiusculis  saturate  fmco-lyrimneis,  striis  uunierosis  saturate 
fuscis,  punctis  duol)us  disci,  altero  ante,  altero  pone  medium  saturate 
fuscis,  sqnaiiiis  altndis  interjectis,  fascia  pallida  postica  angulata  obsoleta. 
Exp.  al.  11  Hn. 

Head  and  face  greyish-fuscous.  I'alpi  dark  fuscous,  internally  pale 
greyish-ochreous ;  terminal  joint  paler,  with  the  base,  and  a  ring  before 
the  pale  ochreous  apex,  dark  fuscous.  Aritcrior  wings  rather  lu'oad, 
darh  fu.scoHS-broicn,  with  some  obscure  darker  longitudinal  streaks  ;  to- 
wards the  inner  margin  near  the  base  is  a  large  dark  fuscous  blotch  ; 
on  the  disc  is  a  dark  fuscous  spot  before  the  middle,  and  another  be- 
yond the  m\<\i\\Q,  yeneralli/  accompanied  with  some  whitish  scales  ;  a  pale 
angulated  hinder  fascia  is  indistinctly  indicated  by  some  whitish  scales; 
the  hinder  margin  and  apex  of  the  costa  are  spotted  with  dark  fuscous ; 
cilia  pale  fuscous.     Posterior  wings  grey,  with  greyish-fuscous  cilia. 

A  variety  occurs  of  which  the  brush  beneath  the  second  joint  of  the 
palpi  is  bright  ochreous. 

Occurs  at  Sanderstead  and  Stoat's  Nest  among  the  juniper- 
bushes  in  August. 

36.  Pastinacella,  Dup.  L.  F.  xi.  153.  pi.  291.  f.  4  (1S3S);  Sta. 
Alis  anticis  uiifjustidis  dilute  griseo-fnscis,  punctis  tribus  ante  medium 
saturate  fuscis,  punctis  duobus  disci,  altero  in  medio,  altero  ])oue  medium 
saturate  fuscis,  spatio  interjecto  dilutiore,  fascia  postica  jjallida  obsoleta 
angulata.     Exp.  al.  \\\  liu. 

Head  and  face  pale  greyish-ochreous.  Palpi  pale  greyish-ochreous; 
terminal  joint  with  the  base,  and  a  ring  Ix^fore  the  pale  yellowish  apex, 
dark  fuscous.  Antcnnai  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  rather  narrow,  pale 
(jreyish-fuscous,  with  a  dark  fuscous  spot  at  the  base  of  the  costa,  and  a 


100  GELECHID^. 

dark  fuscous  blotch  near  the  inner  margin  towards  the  base ;  lefore  the 
middle  are  three  dark  fuscous  spots  (one  on  the  fohl,  one  above  it  on  the 
disc,  and  one  rather  anterior  a  httle  towards  the  costa) ;  in  a  line  with 
the  micklle  one  are  two  other  dark  fuscous  spots  oh  the  disc,  the  space 
Ijetween  which  is  (/eneralli/  paler  than  the  ground-colour  of  the  wing ; 
beyond  is  the  pale  rather  indistinct  angulatcd  fascia ;  the  hinder  mar- 
gin and  apex  of  the  costa  are  spotted  with  fuscous ;  cilia  pale  greyish- 
ochreous.  Posterior  wings  whitish-grey,  posteriorly  fuscesceut,  with 
very  pale  greyish-ochreous  cilia. 

Not  common  ;  occurs  at  Mickleham  and  Tolkstone,  in  Septem- 
ber. 

37.  Heracliana,  De  Geer,  ii.  1.  407  (1771) ;  Step. — Ileracleana, 
Zell. ;  Sta. ;  Lhni.  ? — Ileraclei,  Rctz. ;  'Ravf.—iniibelhma,  ¥ab.  ?  Alls 
anticis  latiusculis  griseo-ochreis,  striis  numerosis  fuscis,  pvnctis  trihus 
disci  (primo  ante,  secuntlo  et  tertio  post  medium)  saturatioribiis  alhido- 
chictis,  fascia  postica  pallida  angulata.     Ex)).  al.  12-13  lin. 

Head  and  face  greyish-ochreous.  Palpi  fuscous,  internally  pale 
ochreous ;  terminal  joint  with  a  dark  fuscous  ring  before  the  pale  yel- 
lowish apex.  Antenna;  greyish-ochreous,  with  fuscous  annulations. 
Anterior  wings  rather  broad,  (jreyish-ochreous,  with  numerous  short 
fuscous  longitudinal  streaks ;  at  the  base  of  the  costa  is  a  fuscous  spot, 
and  a  fuscous  dash  lies  near  the  inner  margin  towards  the  base ;  on  the 
disc  are  three  darker  spots  (one  before,  the  others  beyond  the  middle), 
surrounded  by  soine  whitish  scales;  the  pale  hinder  fascia  is  rather 
acutely  angulated  ;  the  hinder  margin  and  apex  of  the  costa  are  spotted 
with  dark  fuscous ;  ciba  pale  greyish-ochreous,  varied  with  fuscous. 
Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Generally  distributed  throughout  the  country;  appearing  in 
August  and  September,  but  liybernated  specimens  are  more  fre- 
(luently  met  with  in  April.  The  larva  feeds  on  the  leaves  and  in 
tlie  umbels  of  Henicleioii,  Spliondijlmm,  changing  to  the  pupa 
either  on  the  ground  or  within  the  stem  of  that  plant. 


Genus  Vll.     PSORICOPTERA.  (P(-I2.  4 

PsoRicoPTKRA,  u.  g.     Gelechia  p.,  Zell. 

Capilli  depressi.  OcelU  nulli.  Antenna;  articulis  confertis.  Haustel- 
lum  mediocre,  squamatum.  Palpi  maxillares  brevissimi.  Palpi  la- 
bialcs  mediocrcs,  rcllexi,  articulo  secundo  infra  scopiformi,  tertio 
Icnni,  acuto,  supra  squamis  projicientibns.  A  he  antcriorcs  elongata\ 
tubcrculata;,  mediocritcr  eiliatsc ;  posteriores  trapezoidalcs,  margine 
|)ostico  ante  angulum  aualem  leviter  siiuuUo,  ante  apiccm  leviter 
cmarginato,  lougius  ciliata;. 


GEIECIIIA.  101 

Head  smooth.  Ocelli  none.  Antonnrr  with  the  joints  thickly  set. 
Tongue  of  inodcrate  lengtli,  clothed  with  scales.  ]\Iaxillary  jialpi  very 
short.  Labial  ])alpi  inodcrately  long,  rcdcxcd  ;  the  second  joint  bc- 
neatli  resembling  a  brush  ;  the  tcrnihiai  joint  thin  and  pointed,  aljove 
icith  projcctinr/  scales.  Abdomen  rather  depressed.  Anterior  Avings 
elongate,  with  raised  tufts  of  scales ;  the  cilia  moderately  long.  I'os- 
tcrior  wings  trapezoidal,  the  hinder  margin  slightly  sinuated  before 
the  anal  angle,  and  slightly  emarginatc  below  the  apex,  with  longer 
cilia. 

Only  one  species  is  at  present  known  in  this  genus. 

1.  gibboseUa,  Zell.  Tsis,  1839.  p.  202.— Zeph/retia,  Step.?     Alls  (p(- 15^ 
anticis  griseo-marmoratis,  costam   versus  dilutioribus,  ipsa  basi  dorsi  t  C- 

albida,  striga  obliqua  juxta  basim  nigra,  macula  objonga  cosla,^  medite 
fusca,  fascia  postica  augulata  albida  obsoleta,  maculis  tril)us  scabris 
supra  jjlicam  fuscis.     Exp.  al.  8  lin. 

Head  and  face  greyish-fuscous.  Falpi  yellowish  ;  terminal  joint  fus- 
cous, except  the  apex.  Antenufe  fuscous,  with  ])aler  annulations.  An- 
terior wings  raarbled-grey,  with  the  extreme  base  of  the  inner  margin 
whitish,  and  an  oblique  black  streak  very  near  the  base  (as  in  many  of 
the  Depress  ft)- ice) ;  the  costal  half  of  the  wing  is  generally  i)aler,  but 
there  is  a  conspicuous  fuscous  blotch  on  the  costa  about  the  mi(hlle  ; 
the  pale  angulated  fascia  is  rather  indistinct ;  along  the  fold  are  three 
fuscous  tufts  of  elevated  scales  ;  cilia  greyish-fuscous.  Posterior  wings 
fuscous,  paler  at  the  base,  with  greyish-fuscous  cilia. 

Not  common;  has  occurred  in  Ilainault  Forest  in  July.  Tlic 
larva  (according  to  Lienig)  feeds  in  .lunc,  on  sallows,  turning 
down  a  corner  of  a  leaf. 


Genus  VIII.     GELECHIA. 


(H.IT, 


,  -c\  -  <^ 


Gelechia  p.,  Zell.  Tsis,  1830,  p.  1!)7.  Beeurvaria  p.,  Haw.  Anacamp- 
sis  p.,  Curt.  Jlcemylis  \^.,  Lita  p.,  ct  (Ecophora  p.,  Treit.  Anacamp- 
sis  p.,  ylconipsia,  et  Ilnrpcujns,  Step.  Anncmnpsis,  Acompsia,  et  Lita, 
Du]!.  Mesopldeps  p.,  Acompsia  p.,  NotJtris  p.,  ScijtJiropia  p.,  Gele- 
chia, Brachmia  p.,  ct  Chionodes  p.,  lliib, 

Capilli  depress!.  Ocelli  nuUi.  vVutenna^  articulis  confertis.  Ilaustel- 
lum  mediocre,  squamatum.  Palpi  maxillares  brevissimi.  Palpi  la- 
biates mcdiocrcs  vel  longi,  reflexi,  articulo  sccundo  infra  vi.v  scopi- 
formi  (interdura  Iscvi),  tertio  tenui,  Irevi,  acuto.  Ala:*  anteriores  ob- 
longju  vel  elongata^,  mcdiocriter  ciliatre ;  posieriores  trapczoidales, 
ante  apicem  leviter  vel  multo  emarijinutfe .  Akc  anteriores  :  vena  api- 
calis  furcata  ante  apicem  exit,  infra  cam  vena;  quiiupie  (rarius  vena 
apicalis  tritida  ante  et  infra  apicem  exit,  infra  cam  venx  quatuor)  ; 
posteriores :  vena  apicalis  furcata  supra  et  infra  apicem  exit,  infra 


102  OELECHID.E. 

eain  vena  miica,  c  vcnula  transversa  (vol  vena  apicalis  simplex  in 

apieem  exit,  infra  earn  veivce  duta  c  vcnula  transversa) ;  vena  niediana 

trifida. 

Head  smootli.  Ocelli  none.  Antenna;  with  the  joints  thickly  set. 
Tongue  of  moderate  length,  clothed  with  scales.  Maxillary  palpi  very 
short.  Labial  palpi  moderately  long,  or  long,  reflexed ;  the  second 
joint  beneath  slightly  broader,  with  appressed  scales,  hardhj  resembling 
a  brush,  sometimes  quite  smooth  ((?.  ncEmfereJlci) ;  the  third  joint  slen- 
der, smooth  and  pointed.  Anterior  wings  oblong  or  elongate,  with 
moderately  long  cilia ;  tJie  posterior  loiuys  trapezoidal,  dightlij  or  deeply 
emanjinate  beloio  the  apex.  In  the  anterior  wings  the  furcate  apical  vein 
terminates  in  the  costa  before  the  apex ;  below  it  are  five  veins  from 
the  discoidal  cell;  more  rarely  {G.  leucatelta,  hifractetla,  etc.)  the  apical 
vein  is  trifid,  the  third  branch  running  into  the  hinder  margin  below 
the  apex,  and  below  it  are  only  four  veins  from  the  discoidal  cell.  In 
the  posterior  wings  the  apical  vein  is  furcate,  terminating  above  and 
below  the  apex ;  below  it  is  only  one  vein  from  the  transverse  vein ;  or 
else  (costella,  iricolorella,  etc.)  the  apical  vein  is  simple,  and  below  it 
are  two  veins  from  the  transverse  vein ;  the  median  vein  is  tritid. 

A  genus  of  great  extent^  and  comprising  a  great  diversity  of 
species,  but  which  unfortunately  we  cannot  subdivide  into  other 
genera.  In  this  country  we  have  no  less  than  ninety-five  s])ecies, 
and  probably  as  many  more  are  known  on  the  continent. 

As  might  be  expected,  there  is  considerable  diversity  in  the 
habitats  of  the  species ;  some  frequenting  stems  of  trees,  otlier 
taking  slielter  in  the  grass.  All  the  species  are  extremely  active 
in  the  perfect  state,  and  tlicir  flights  are  only  for  a  short  distance 
at  a  time;  when  they  settle,  they  frequently  immediately  seek  a 
place  of  concealment,  whereby  the  collector  is  often  baulked  in 
his  pursuit  of  some  rarity.  The  habits  of  the  larvrc  are  extremely 
varied :  that  of  G.  TopnleUa  rolls  up  the  leaves  of  the  poplar  and 
sallow  much  like  a  Tortrix-X^x^'A ;  that  of  (/.  rnfescens  twists  up 
grass-leaves,  bleaching  them  by  eating  them  half  through ;  that  of 
G.  MalreUa  feeds  in  the  seeds  of  tlic  hollyhock,  proceeding  re- 
gularly through  tlic  circular  row  of  seeds,  much  to  the  annoyance 
of  the  liorticultui'ist ;  \X\i^i  Q>i  G.  iiiutlucUa  enters  the  unopened 
llower-buds  of  the  furze  and  broom,  and  devours  the  incij)ient 
fructification  of  the  flower,  after  having  eaten  which  it  proceeds  to 
the  next  flower  and  repeats  the  process;  that  of  G.diJJiiiis,  which 
is  extremely  active,  feeds  near  the  root  of  the  dwarf  sorrel  [Bnmex 
Acetosel/a);  that  of  G.  aenni'inaleUa  mines  in  the  leaves  of  the 
thistle ;  that  of  G.  notatdla  burrows  in  the  woolly  substance  on 
the  underside  of  the  leaves  of  the  sallow ;  that  of  G.  scriptclla 
turns  down  a  jjiece  of  maple-leaf,  fastens  it  in  its  position  l)y  se- 
veral silken  cables,  and  eats  the  leaf  ludf  through;  that  of  G.fra- 


(iKLKClIIA.  1('3 

terndla,  a  fat  slug-gish  larva^  feeds  in  the  young  slioots  of  iSlel- 
laria  n/igiiiosa,  which,  from  tlic  presence  of  the  larva,  assume  a 
pccuhar  knobbed  and  contorted  a[)pearance;  that  of  (LbifracicUa 
feeds  in  the  seeds  of  the  Conijza  squarrosa,  which  it  by  some  means 
unites  together,  forming  a  In-m,  almost  impenetrable  substance, 
within  which  it  is  completely  sheltered  from  all  the  vicissitudes  of 
the  weather;  that  of  ii.  CercaleUa  (according  to  lieauinur)  feeds 
in  the  interior  of  grains  of  barley  and  wlieat,  entering  the  grain 
immediately  it  is  hatched,  and  remaining  within  till  it  has  un- 
dergone its  transformations,  and  only  coming  out  in  the  per- 
fect state;  that  of  G.  mhoceJlea  (in  otlier  respects  the  most  aber- 
rant species  of  the  genus)  feetls  on  the  ilowers  of  tlic  maijoram 
{()rhjanv.in  viihjare),  of  which  it  constructs  a  case,  thereby  re- 
sembling the  Culeopliorce.  The  si)ecies  that  feed  in  buds  and 
shoots  are  of  course  mostly  in  the  larva  state  in  spring  and  the 
begiiniing  of  summer,  those  that  feed  in  or  on  leaves  are  met 
with  in  summer  and  autumn,  and  those  that  feed  on  seeds  do  so 
in  the  autunni  and  winter.  The  perfect  insects  are  successively 
to  be  met  with  from  April  to  October,  and  several  species  arc 
known  to  hybernate. 

It  is  not  easy  to  tabulate  the  species  of  this  geiuis ;  the  best  \ 
have  been  able  to  accomplish  is  as  follows : — 

a.  Anterior  wings  not  roiuidcd  at  tlic  n])ex. 

b.  Anterior  wings  unicolorous.     Species  1,  2. 
h  b.  Anterior  wings  witli  spots.     Species  3,  4. 

a  a.  Anterior  wings  rounded  at  the  apex. 

c.  Posterior  wings  broader  tlian  the  anterior  wings.     Species  5-^9. 

c  c.  Posterior  wings  as  narrow   as,  or  narrower  than   tlic  anterior 
wings. 

d.  Anterior  wings  with  no  slinrp  markings  in  the  cilia. 
e.  Anterior  wings  without  markings.     Species  70,  71. 
e  e.  Anterior  wings  with  a  single  white  fascia.     Species  72-7  t. 
e  e  e.  Anterior  wings  with  one  or  more  dark  spots  on  the  disc. 

Species  73-Si). 
e  e  e  e.  Anterior  wings  with  oblique  silvery  streaks   from  the 

costa.     Species  1)0-92. 
e  e  e  e  e.  Anterior  wings  with   longitudinal  dark  streaks  (like  a 
Culeophora).     Species  93,  9  !■. 
d  d.  Anterior   wings   with    sliarj)    markings    in    the    apical    cilia. 
Species  9.5. 

1.  cinerella,  iaiin.  1".  S.  11 1-5  (1701);  Pab. ;  Treit. ;  Step.; 
Dup. ;  lliib.? — ciiiere((,  Haw. — ai'delicUa,  Jtiib.  .Mis  antieis  nitidis 
luleo-cinereis  inniiacHtalis.      Vj\\).  al.  8-9  lin. 

Head  and  face  ycllowisli-grey.    Palpi  yellowish-grey,  internally  paler. 


.31. 

-fv-C 


104-  GELECHID.E, 

Antenna^  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  shining,  yellowhh-groy,  without  awj 
markings;  cilia  rather  paler.  Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  with  greyish- 
fuscous  cilia. 

Appears  in  June  and  July,  in  bushy  places  of  mixed  growth ; 
not  uncommon. 

2.  rufescens.  Haw.  L.  B.  55.5  (1829);  Step.;  Qwxi.—tinctdla, 
Step. — diapliandta ,  Lienig. — Isnhelta,  Zcll.  Alis  anticis  rufo-ocJireis, 
veil  is  vi.v  dilutioribns,  puncto  fuscescente  obsoleto  disci  pone  medium. 
Exp.  al.  8  lin. 

Head  and  face  reddish-ochreous.  Palpi  reddish-ochreous,  internally 
pale  ochreous.  Antennre  pale  ochreous,  annulated  with  pale  fuscous. 
Anterior  wings  reddisJi-ocJireoiis,  with  all  the  veii/s  slighttij  paler,  and 
some  faint  indication  of  a  fuscous  spot  on  the  disc  beyond  the  middle ; 
cilia  pale  ochreous.  Posterior  wings  whitish-grey,  with  whitish-ochre- 
ous  cilia. 

Not  uncommon  in  Juno  and  July  in  grassy  banks,  but  very  re- 
tired in  its  habits.  The  larva  is  abundant  in  April  and  May  in 
rolled  grass-leaves,  and  is  probably  identical  with  that  figured  by 
Fischer  as  the  larva  of  (J.  terreJIa. 

3.  inomatella,  Dougl.  Ent.  Trans,  i.  n.  s.  65  (1850).  Alis  an- 
ticis dilnte  grisco-ochreis,  punctis  tribus  nigris  (uno  plica^  altero  disci 
posteriore  aide  medium,  tertio  disci  pone  medium),  nebula  fusca  costse 
pone  medium,  maculis  o]opositis  obsoletis  dilutioribns  marginem  posti- 
cum  versus.     Exp.  al.  G^  lin. 

Head  and  face  pale  greyish-ochreous.  Palpi  pale  grcyish-ochreons, 
internally  rather  paler ;  terminal  joint  with  a  fuscous  ring  before  the 
apex.  Antennas  greyish-ochreous,  annulated  with  fuscous.  Anterior 
wings  pale  grei/ish-ochreoiis,  with  three  black  spots  (one  on  the  fold, 
one  rather  jiosterior  to  it  on  the  disc,  both  Lefore  the  middle,  and  one  on 
the  disc  beyond  the  middle) ;  above  the  latter  is  a  slight  fuscous  cloud 
on  the  costa ;  very  near  the  hinder  margin  are  two  pale  opposite  spots, 
which  nearly  form  a  straight  fascia,  attenuated  in  the  middle,  imme- 
diately beyond  are  a  few  black  scales ;  the  hinder  margin  is  spotted 
with  dark  fuscous,  and  in  the  apex  of  the  wing  is  a  slight  fuscous 
cloud ;  ciUa  pale  yellowish.  Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  with  paler 
ciha. 

Not  uncommon  in  the  Cambridgeshire  fens  in  June. 

4.  gerronella,  Zell.  Ent.  Ztg.  1850.  p.  155;  Dougl.  AUs  an- 
ticis ochruci'is  fusco-nebulosis,  pra^cipue  costam  et  marginem  posticum 
versus,  fascia  indistincta  ohliqua  fasca  pone  medium,  fascia  angulata 
dilutiore  in  nebulam  posticam,  7;?<Me^i6'  tribus  {\)Y\vao  pliccC  ante  nuuHum, 
secundo  disci  in  medio,  tertio  disci  pone  medium)  nigris.  iixp.  al.  5-G 
lin. 

Head  and  face  ochreous.  Palpi  pale  ochreous  ;  terminal  joint  with 
a  fuscous  ring  before  the  apex.     Antenna?  ochreous,  amudatcd  with 


OELECHIA.  105 

fuscous.  Autcrior  wings  ocJ/n'onSy  cloiuh'd  vitli  fuscous,  especially  to- 
wards tlic  costa  and  liiudor  niargiu  ;  an  uhliiiiu;  ratlicr  indistinct yrt.SY'^;/^',' 
fascia  goes  froi/i  Lhc  uiiddle  of  the  costn  lo  the  anat  ojir/te ;  near  the  hinder 
margin  is  an  indistinct  pale  angulatctl  fascia  ;  on  the  disc  are  three  tAack 
spots  (one  on  the  fold  before  the  middle,  one  on  the  disc  in  the  middle, 
and  the  third  on  the  disc  at  the  commencement  of  the  oblique  fuscous 
fascia) ;  cilia  ochreous.     Tosterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Occurs  at  Dartford  Heath  and  AVest  Wickliaui,  auioiig  fern,  in 
July. 

5.  vilella,  Zell.  Isis,  184-7.  p.  S15;  Dougl. — suJjchicrea,  Haw.? 
Step?  Alis  aiiticis  ani/ustulis  dilute  rjriseo-ochreis,  scjuamis  luuncrosis 
fuscis,  pra^cipuc  apicem  versus,  pnncto  basati  costce,  pnncto  prope  dorsum 
JHxta  basim,  puncto  minorc  basali  jilica^  nli/ris,  pnnctis  duolms  dilutis 
disci,  in  quibus  siiuamie  nouuullai  fusea;.     Exp.  al.  9}  liu. 

Head  and  face  pale  ochreous.  I'alpi  pale  ochreous,  internally  wliitisli; 
terminal  joint  pale  ochreous,  with  a  dark  fuscous  ring  before  the  a[)ex. 
Antenufie  fuscescent,  darker  at  the  base.  Anterior  wings  rather  narrow, 
pale  (jreyisli-ochreons,  with  lunnerous  fuscous  scales,  especially  towards 
the  apex,  loith  a  black  spot  at  the  base  of  the  costa,  and  one  near  the  inner 
margin  close  lo  the  base;  at  the  base  of  the  fold  are  a  few  black  scales ; 
on  the  disc  are  two  pale  spots  (one  before,  the  other  beyond  the  mid- 
dle), in  the  centre  of  each  are  a  few  fuscous  scales,  giving  them  an 
annulated  appearance ;  cilia  pale  ochreous.  Posterior  wings  whitish- 
grey,  with  grcyish-ochreous  cilia. 

This  occurs  in  company  with  the  Depi-essar'ue,  which  it  some- 
what resembles,  in  old  thatch  at  Folkslonc  in  September;  also  in 
the  Isle  of  Wight.  ^I  have  a  specimen  taken  at  Lewisham  in  June; 
hence  the  species  is  jn'obalily  double-brooded. 

G.  basalis,  Dougl.  n.  s. — llippophaiilla,  Schr.  ?  Alis  anticis  dilute 
(jriseo-ochreis,  niacula  obloncja  costre  basali  nigra,  punetis  tribus  (uno 
plica^,  altero  majore  disci  ante,  tertio  obsolcto  disci  i)one  medium)  ni- 
gris,  fascia  pallida  angulata  pone  medium.     Exj).  al.  S  hn. 

Head  and  face  grcyish-ochreous.  Palpi  gnsyish-oehrcous ;  terminal 
joint  with  two  faint  fuscous  riugs,  one  at  tlu;  base,  the  other  below  the 
apex.  Antcnuaj  grcyish-ochreous.  Anterior  wings  pale  (jreyish-ochre- 
ons,  vnth  an  oblonr)  black  spot  at  the  base  of  the  costa ;  near  the  base  of 
the  inner  margin  is  a  minute  black  spot ;  a  small  black  spot  lies  on  the 
fold,  and  a  larger  one  beyond  it  on  the  disc  before  the  michlle ;  an  al- 
most obsolete  black  spot  lies  on  the  disc  beyond  the  middle ;  beyond 
this  is  a  faintly  indicated,  pale,  angulatcd  fascia  ;  on  the  hinder  margin 
are  a  few  black  spots ;  cilia  grcyish-ochreous.  Posterior  wings  pale 
greyish-fuscous,  with  pale  ochreous  cilia. 

Taken  at  Deal  in  September. 

7.  Malvella,  lliib.  Tin.  2S1  (1S12);  F.  v.  K.   pi.  40;  Dup. ;    r^-r~ 
Zell.;  Dougl. — Lisleri,  Haw.? — Lislercdlu,  Qiep.?     Alis  imi'ich  dilute   v'JA- 

VOL.   111.  p 


lOG  GELECHID.^. 

hrnnneo-ocltreh,  apicem  versus  fusco-suffusis,  pimctis  tribus  (primo 
])lica',  secundo  ])osteriore  disci  ante  medium,  tevtio  disci  pone  medium) 
hx'icis,  fascia  pone  ittcdiumfusca  ad  costam  et  dorsum  saturatlore,  posticc 
in  medio  pvoducta,  fnsciaque  postica  angulata  pallida.     Exp.  al.  fl  lin. 

Head  and  face  pale  ochrcous.  Palpi  pale  ochreous,  internally  whitish. 
Antenna?  fuscous,  annulated  with  ochreous.  Anterior  wings  i^ale  hrotcn- 
ish-ocJircoHs ;  before  the  middle  are  two  fuscous  spots,  one  on  the  fold, 
tlie  other  posterior  on  the  disc ;  beyond  the  middle  is  another  fuscous 
spot  on  tlie  disc  ;  it  is  followed  by  a  fuscous  fascia,  which  is  most  distinct 
on  fJie  costa  and  inner  uiargin,  in  the  middle  it  is  a  little  produced  pos- 
teriorly ;  beyond  it  is  a  pale  angulated  fascia  of  the  ground-colour,  the 
apical  portion  of  the  wing  Ix'ing  suffused  with  fuscous ;  tlie  hinder 
margin  and  aj)ex  of  the  costa  are  alternately  fuscous  and  pale  ochrcous  ; 
cilia  pale  greyish-ochreous,  intersected  by  a  fuscous  line.  Posterior 
wings  pale  grey,  with  greyish-ochreous  cilia. 

A  common  species  in  gardens,  frequenting  hollyhocks  in  June 
and  July.  The  larva  feeds  in  the  seeds  of  the  hollyhock  in  Sep- 
tember and  October;  when  full-fed  descending  to  the  earth,  in 
which  it  constructs  a  cocoon,  and  remains  unchanged  throughout 
the  winter. 
'  TTT  8.  Populella,  Linn.  F.  S.   1142   (17G1)  ;   Fab.;  Treit. ;   Step,  j 

'  -^  ■  Dup. ;  F.  V.  11.  pi.  76.  pi.  77.  f.  l.—PopuU,  lli\vf.—tremclla,  W.  V.— 
^^~'^     LlattaricUa,  lliib. — JunipereUa,  Step. — TrenmlcUa,  Dup.     Alis  anticis 
cinereis,  dorsum  versus  fusco-suj/'usis,  fusco-maculatis,  fascia  postica  diluta 
angulata,  costam  versus  dcntata.     Exp.  al.  8  lin. 

Head  greyish -fuscous.  Face  i)aler.  Palpi  greyish-fuscous,  internally 
pale  ochreous.  Antenna  whitish,  annulated  with  dark  fuscous.  An- 
terior wings  (jreyish-fuscous,  clonded  with  fuscous  along  the  inner  mar- 
gin, and  with  several  dark  fuscous  spots  (of  which  one  at  the  base  of  tlie 
costa,  one  above  the  ibid  not  far  Irora  the  base,  one  on  the  fold,  and 
one  posterior  to  it  on  the  disc  before  the  middle,  and  one  on  the  disc 
beyond  the  middle,  which  is  fretiuently  followed  by  two  others,  one 
rather  towards  the  costa,  and  the  other  a  little  above  the  fold) ;  beyond 
the  middle  is  a  pale  angulated  fascia,  which  is  indented  below  the  sub- 
costal vein ;  beyond  it  is  a  fuscous  cloud ;  the  hinder  margin  and  apex 
of  the  costa  are  spotted  with  black  ;  cilia  pale  greyish-fuscous.  Pos- 
terior wings  greyisli-fuscous,  with  paler  cilia. 

Extremely  variable  in  the  colour  and  intensity  of  the  markings  of 
the  anterior  wings.  In  one  variety  (of  not  unfrecjuent  occurrence)  the 
anterior  wings  are  almost  entirely  suH'used  with  dark  fuscous,  leaving 
only  the  costa  of  the  pale  ground-colour,  and  the  hinder  fascia,  remaining 
of  the  usual  colour,  is  remarkably  conspicuous. 

Abundant  among  poplars  ami  sallows,  resting  on  the  trunks, 
or  on  ])alings  in  the  vicinity;  the  perfect  insect  appears  at  the 
end  of  Juno,  and  keeps  out  a  long  while.  The  larva  feeds  at  the 
end  of  May  and  beginning  of  June,  in  roUed-up  leaves  of  poplar, 
sallow,  and  bircli. 


OELECHIA.  107 

9.  nigra,  Tfaw.  L.  ]?.  550  (1S20);  Dongl—riis/iccUa,  Step.— 
cautella,  Zell. ;  Dup.  Alls  iiiiticis  snlnrak'  fuscis,  aJhldo->iqn((i,i(d.ls,  ■sir/is 
Iridus  in  medio  nigr is,  fascia  puslica  valdc  obsoleta,  s(piamis  albidis  com- 
posita.     Exp.  al.  1\  lin. 

Head  dark  fuscous.  Face  wliiti.sli.  I'alpi  dark  fuscous,  iutornally 
whitisli;  terminal  joint  wliiUsli,  with  two  broad  fuscous  rings.  An- 
tcnnoe  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  dark  fuscous,  with  some  obscure  darker 
markings,  and  with  numerous  whitish  scales;  the  most  distinct  of  the 
dark  markings  arc  three  elongate  Idack  spots  in  the  middle  (one  on  tlu; 
foUl,  one  on  the  disc,  and  one  towards  the  costa) ;  beyond  the  niiddh' 
the  whitish  scales  form  an  indistincit  angulated  fascia  ;  cilia  greyish- 
white.     Posterior  wings  ]iale  grey,  with  greyish-fuscous  cilia. 

Not  uucommon  in  June  and  July  on  the  stems  of  the  wliite 
poplar  trees  at  Wanstead ;  it  is  difficult  to  secure,  as  on  the  ap- 
proach of  the  collector  it  flies  away. 

10.  temerella,  Lienig,  Isis,  181G.  p.  284-. — perni(jrella,  Dougl. 
Alls  auticis  nigris,  punctis  tribus  atris  obsoletis,  fascia  postica  nebulosa 
atra.     Exp.  al.  5.V  lin. 

Head  black.  Eace  dark  fuscous.  Palpi  grey,  internally  whitish ; 
terminal  joint  externally  dark  fuscous.  Antennte  dark  fuscous.  An- 
terior wings  lilack,  with  tliree  rather  indistinct  deep  black  spots  (one  on 
the  fold,  one  posterior  to  it  on  the  disc  before  the  middle,  and  one  on 
the  disc  beyond  the  middle)  ;  Leijond  the  middle  is  a  deep  Hack  cloudy 
fascia;  and  on  the  hinder  margin  and  apex  of  the  costa  are  some  deep 
black  spots  ;  cilia  blackish.  Posterior  wungs  dark  greyish-fuscous,  with 
paler  cilia. 

Hitherto  found  only  in  Lancashire  and  Cheshire,  where  it  is 
not  unfrequent  among  sallows  in  July.  The  larva  feeds  in  the 
terminal  shoots  of  the  sallows  in  June. 

11.  lentiginosella  (Tischer),  Zcll.  Isis,  1831).  p.  198;  E.  v.  W. 
pi.  SO.  f.  3;  Dougl. — obscurella,  Hub.?  Treit.  ?  Alls  auticis  saturate 
brunneo-fuscis,  punctis  tribus  (uno  i)lie;c,  altero  posteriorc  disci  ante 
medium,  tertio  disci  pone  medium)  nigris  rufescode-cinctis,  maculis  pos- 
ticis  oppositis  dilute  rufesecntibus,  costali  distinctiore.      Exp.  al.  7i  lin. 

Head  and  face  dark  fuscous.  Palpi  dark  fuscous,  internally  pale 
ochreous.  Antennro  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  dark  brownish-fuscous, 
with  three  black  spots  (one  on  the  fold,  a  second  jwsterior  to  it  on  the 
disc  before  the  middle,  the  third  on  the  disc  beyond  the  middle),  each 
surrounded  by  reddish-ochreous ;  beyond  tlu;  middle  are  two  small  pale 
reddish-ochreous  opposite  spots,  of  which  that  on  the  costa  is  the  more 
distinct ;  ciha  pale  fuscous.  Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  with  pale  grey- 
ish-fuscous cilia. 

The  perfect  insect  has  very  rarely  been  met  with  ;  it  a])pears  in 
July  and  August  among  (h-nlsta  tinetoria,  and  has  occurriul  near 
Bristol,  Epping,  and  Tunbridge  AV'clls.     The  larva  feeds  in  May 


108  GELECHIDvi:. 

and  June  on  the  Genista  thictona,  drawing  together  the  terminal 
shoots. 

12.  velocella  (Tischev),  Dup.  L.  F.  xi.  287.  pi.  297.  f.  3  (1838); 
F.  V.  Iv.  pi.  77.  f .  4  ;  Zell. ;  Dougl. — snhseijuella ,  Treit.  kWs  anticis 
saturate  fnscis,  punctis  tribus  (iino  plica",  altero  posteriore  disci  ante, 
tertio  disci  pone  medium)  saturate  fuscis,  sithscaljris,  maculis  posticis 
oppositis  alljidis,  costali  distinctiore  intrors/nii  spectante.  Exp.  al.  7-1 
lin. 

Head  and  face  dark  fnscons.  Palpi  dark  fuscous,  internally  pale 
yellowish.  Antenna?  dark  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  dark  fuscous,  with 
three  dark  fuscous  spots  (one  on  the  fold,  one  posterior  to  it  on  the 
disc  before  the  middle,  and  one  on  the  disc  beyond  the  middle),  sligJitly 
raised ;  beyond  are  two  irJntisJ/.  ill-defnied  oppofiite  spots,  that  on  the 
costa  Ijcing  the  more  distinct,  and  with  its  apex  pointbuj  ratJier  i>ncards  ; 
along  the  hinder  margin  are  some  dark  fuscous  scales ;  cilia  pale  fus- 
cous.    Posterior  wings  grey,  with  greyish-fuscous  cilia. 

Appears  at  the  end  of  April  and  beginning  of  May,  and  again 
in  August ;  frequent  on  Barnes  Common,  flying  freely  in  the  hot 
sunshine  in  the  middle  of  the  day. 

13.  fumatella,  Dougl.  Ent.  Trans,  i.  n.  s.  G7  (1850).  Alls  anti- 
cis griseo-fitacis,  apiceni  versus  saturate  fuscis,  puncto  elongato  plica?, 
puncto  posteriore  disci  ante,  puncto  disci  pone  n)edium  uigris,  squamis 
pnccedentihus  ac  seqnentiljus  albldis,  maculis  posticis  ojipositis,  fere  fas- 
ciam  vix  angnlatam  formantibus,  snhocliraceis.     Exji.  al.  7  lin. 

Head  greyish-fuscous.  Pace  pale  greyish-ochreous.  Palpi  fuscous, 
internally  pale  ochreous ;  terminal  joint  pale  ochreous,  with  the  base 
and  a  ring  before  the  apex  dark  fuscous.  Antenna^  fuscous.  Anterior 
wings  grcijish-fnscous,  i)osterior]y  much  suft'used  with  dark  fuscous,  with 
three  black  spots,  one  on  the  fold,  rather  elongated,  one  on  the  disc  pos- 
terior to  it  before  the  middle,  and  the  third  on  the  disc  beyond  the 
nuddle ;  these  spots  are  preceded  and  foltowed  hg  some  whitish  scales; 
the  two  pale  dingy  ochreous  opposite  spots  almost  form  a  slightly  angu- 
lated  fascia ;  the  hinder  margin  and  apex  of  the  costa  are  varied  with 
black  and  whitish  ;  cilia  greyish-fuscous.  Posterior  wings  grey,  with 
greyish-fuscous  cilia. 

A  scarce  species,  hitherto  only  met  with  among  the  sand-hills 
of  the  Cheshire  coast,  and  at  Dawlish  Warren. 

14.  ericetella,  riiib.  Tin.  470  {\%2'd).—BetHtea,  Haw.;  Step.— 
gatlinella,  Ti-eit. ;  Dup. ;  Zell. — lanceolella,  Step.  Alls  anticis  fuscis, 
'])unctis  (juatnor  saturate  fuscis,  nigrisve,  ante  et  post  squamas  albas 
(primo  supra  plicam  basim  versus,  secundo  plica),  tertio  disci  ante, 
quarto  disci  pone  medium).      Exp.  al.  71  hn. 

Head  and  face  dark  fuscous.  Palpi  dark  fuscous,  internally  whitish. 
Antenna^  dark  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  fuscous,  toith  four  dark  fuscous 
or  hlaclc  spots,  each  preceded  and  followed  fjy  some  whitish  scales ;  the 


GELECIIIA.  109 

first  is  above  the  fold  not  far  from  the  base,  the  second  on  the  fold,  tlic 
third  on  the  disc  is  larger  and  licfore  the  middle,  the  fonrtli  is  on  the 
disc  beyond  the  middle ;  the  hinder  margin  and  apex  of  the  costa  arc 
spotted  with  black,  with  a  few  whitish  scales ;  cilia  fnscous,  with  a 
central  darker  line.  Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  with  pale  greyish-fus- 
cous cilia. 

Abundant  among  heather  in  j\lav,  June,  and  July,  in  most  parts 
of  the  country. 

15.  mulinella  (Tischer),  Zell.  Isis,  183'J.  p.  199;  Dougl. — inter- 
rupta.  Haw. — inlerrnptdla,  Step.  ?  Alls  anticis  (jriseo-ochreis,  stria  ba- 
sali  prope  costara,  Nb'ia  latiuscida  lAiccn  pone  vicdlum  desinenle,  stria  disci 
ante  mediuni,  incipiente,  usque  ad  apiceni  producta,  saturate  fitscis.  Exp. 
al.  6.\  lin. 

Head  and  face  greyish-ochreous.  Palpi  pale  ochreous ;  terminal 
joint  slightly  spotted  Avith  fuscous.  Antennie  fuscous.  Anterior  wings 
f/reijiah-ochreoics,  with  a  ilark  fuscous  streak  at  the  base  near  the  costa, 
and  the  costa  clouded  with  fuscous  (narrowly  at  first,  but  broader  be- 
yond the  middle) ;  a  rather  hroad  dark  fuscous  streak  runs  alonr/  the 
fold  to  beyond  the  middle,  it  is  connected  with  a  dark  fuscous  streak  on 
the  disc  bef/iiini)ig  before  the  middle  and  runnini/  to  the  apex;  in  the 
latter  is  an  appearance  of  a  darker  fuscous  s])ot  beyond  the  middle ; 
the  apical  portion  of  the  wing  is  much  suH'uscd  with  fuscous ;  the 
hinder  margin  and  apex  of  the  costa  are  spotted  with  dark  fuscous ; 
cilia  greyish-ochreous,  varied  with  fuscous.  Posterior  wings  pale  grey, 
with  greyish-ochreous  cilia. 

Ycry  common  among  broom  and  furze  in  July  and  August. 
The  Larva  feeds  in  April  and  May  in  the  Dowers  of  those  plants. 

10.  divisella,  Dougl.  Ent.  Trans,  i.  n.  s.  CO  (1850).  Alis  anticis 
costam.  versus  dilute  ochreis,  dorsum  versus  dilute  fuscis,  divisione  cotoris 
fere  lineatj/.  rectam  ex  lusi  usque  ad  apicem,  formante,  ipsa  costa  pone 
medium  breviter  fusca,  puncto  plica}  ante  medium,  alteroque  disci  pone 
medium  saturate  fuscis.     Exp.  al.  7o  lin. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  pale  oclireous.  Antennpc  pale  ochreous,  annu- 
lated  with  ])ale  fuscous.  Anterior  wm^?,  pale  ochreous  toicards  the  costa, 
pale  fuscous  towards  the  inner  margin,  the  division  of  the  colour  forming 
nearly  a  straight  line  from  the  middle  of  the  base  to  the  apex  of  the  wing ; 
on  the  costa  beyond  the  middle  is  a  short  fuscous  line ;  a  dark  fuscous 
spot  lies  on  the  fold  before  the  middle,  and  another  on  the  disc  beyond 
the  middle,  and  there  are  frequently  a  few  dark  scales  on  the  subcostal 
vein  near  the  base  ;  cilia  ochreous.  Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  with 
greyish-ochreous  cilia. 

Not  common;  occurs  in  June  in  the  Cambridgesliire  fens. 

17.  palustrella,  Dougl.  Ent.  Trans,  i.  n.  s.  proc.  11  (1850). 
Alis  anticis  dilute  griseo-ochreis,  venis  fere  onuiibus  saturate  fuscis,  pos- 
tice  interdum  in  maculam  saturate  fuscaui  conlluentibus,  puncto  clou- 


lln  GELECHID^. 

gato  disci  in  medio,  punctoque  rotuiido  pone  medium  nigris.  Exp. 
al.  8i  lin. 

Head  and  face  pale  grcyish-oclireous.  Palpi  fuscous,  iiitcrually  pale 
greyish-oclireous ;  terminal  joint  pale  grcyish-ochreous,  with  a  fuscous 
ring  before  the  apex.  Antennse  dark  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  pale 
grei/ish-ocJireous,  toith  nearly  all  the  veins  indicated  hy  dark  fuscous 
streaks,  those  below  the  apex  of  the  wing  most  strongly  marked  and 
sometimes  confluent,  forming  a  dark  fuscous  blotch ;  on  the  disc  in 
the  middle  is  an  elongate  black  spot,  and  beyond  the  middle  is  a  nearly 
round  black  spot ;  cilia  pale  greyish-ochreous,  tinged  with  fuscous. 
Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  with  pale  fuscous  cilia. 

But  few  specimens  have  yet  occurred,  aud  all  those  in  the 
Cambridgeshire  fens  in  July. 

18.  sororculella,  lliib.  Tin.  440  (181G);  Treit. ;  Prey;  Zell. ; 
Dougl.  Alis  anticis  f/riseo-fnscis,  dorsum  versus  saipe  dilutioribus, 
puncto  uigro  elongato  plic.c  ante  medium,  linea  loncjitudinali  disci  nigra, 
ocello  albido  ante,  punctoque  albido  post  medium  interrupta,  fascia  postica 
angulata,  vix  indentata,  cincrea.     Exp.  al.  7  lin. 

Head  and  face  greyish-fuscous.  Palpi  dark  fuscous,  interually  pale 
ochreous.  Antenna?  dark  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  (jreijisJi-fuscous, 
with  the  inner  margin  usually  paler,  with  an  elongate  black  spot  on  the 
fold  before  the  middle,  a  longitudinal  hlacli  line  on  the  disc  interrupted 
before  the  middle  bg  a  whitish  ocellus,  and  begond  the  middle  by  a  ivhitish 
spot ;  the  hinder  fascia  is  somewhat  cinereous,  angulated  and  slightly 
indented  ;  the  hinder  margin  and  apex  of  the  costa  arc  spotted  with 
dark  fuscous  and  whitish  ;  cilia  greyish-fuscous.  Posterior  wings  pale 
greyish-fuscous,  with  paler  cilia. 

Not  rare  among  sallows  in  July.  The  larva,  wliich  is  more 
easily  met  with,  feeds  in  the  shoots  of  the  sallow  in  May  and 
June. 

19.  cusieatella  (Zell.),  Dougl.  Ent.  Trans,  i.  n.  s.  243  (1853). 
Alis  anticis  griseofuscis,  striis  longiludinalibus  cuia'ifori/iibus  nigris, 
cpiatuor  in  medio  conspicuoribus,  oblique  pone  squamas  albidas  positis, 
fascia  ])allida  angulata,  plicam  versus  cxtroi'sum  curvata.  Exp.  al.  7^ 
lin. 

Head  greyish-fuscous.  Pace  whitish.  Palpi  grcyish-fnscous,  inter- 
nally whitish  ;  terminal  joint  internally  whitish,  with  a  dark  fuscous 
ring  before  the  apex.  Antennro  greyish-fuscous.  Anterior  wings 
gregish-fuscous,  with  several  longitudinal  dark  fuscous  wedge-shaped 
streaks;  of  which  four  in  the  middle  of  the  wing  placed  oblicpiely  be- 
yond some  whitish  scales  arc  conspicuous ;  beyond  some  rather  con- 
spicuous streaks  near  the  costa  beyond  the  middle  is  the  pale  angulated 
fascia,  which  towards  the  fold  bends  outwardly  ;  the  hinder  margin 
and  apex  of  the  costa  arc  spotted  with  black  ;  cilia  i)ale  greyish-fuscous, 
I'osterior  wings  pale  fuscous,  with  paler  cilia. 


GELKCIIIA.  Ill 

A  specimen  is  in  Mr.  BedeH's  collection,  taken  in  Tower-street, 
some  years  back.  IMr.  Boyd  took  two  specimens  among  willows 
at  Hackney,  last  September. 

20.  peliella,  Treit.  E.  S.  x.  3.  198  (1S35) ;  Dap.;  Zcll. ;  Dougl. 
Alis  anticis  fiir/riraul/fj/is,  pio/clo  pUcce  hasba  versus,  punotis  duobus 
ante  medium  (altero  plic;i},  altcro  vix  postcriorc  disci),  uigris,  squamis 
sequentibus  alhidls,  puncto  disci  ])onc  medium  nigro  albido-ciucto,  ma- 
culis  posticis  oppositis  alb'uUs,  dorsali  jmsteriore.     Exp.  al.  7  bn. 

Head  dark  fuscous.  Eace  pale  ochrcous.  Palpi  dark  fuscous ;  in- 
ternally and  tlic  tip  of  the  terminal  joint  pali;  ochreous.  Antenna! 
fuscous.  Anterior  wings  dcn'k  greijish-fuscous,  with  a  black  spot  on  the 
fold  not  far  from  the  base,  and  two  black  spots  a  little  before  the  mid- 
dle, one  on  the  fold  and  one  hardly  posterior  on  the  disc,  both  Ibllowed 
by  some  whitish  scales ;  on  the  disc  beyond  the  middle  is  a  black  spot 
almost  encircled  by  some  whitish  scales ;  beyond  are  two  whitish  oppo- 
site spots,  which  almost  form  an  angulated  fascia,  that  on  the  inner 
margin  is  posterior  to  the  costal  spot ;  in  the  apex  of  the  wing  are  a  few 
whitish  scales  ;  cilia  greyish-fuscous.  Posterior  wings  greyish-fuscous, 
with  paler  cilia. 

Hitherto  only  taken  at  A\'est  AVickhani  AVood,  in  June  and 
July. 

21.  alacella  (Zcll.l,  Dup.  L.  F.  xi.  29().  pi.  2')7.  f.  12  (1838); 
Zell. ;  Dougl.  Ms  anticis  crt'/«/'c6ce«/6--nigricantibus,  puuelis  duobus 
ante  medium,  altero  pliccc,  altcro  disci  pauUo  posteriore,  scpiamis  se- 
quentibus lutescentibus,  puncto  disci  pone  medium,  squamis  lutescen- 
tibus  utrinque  marginato,  nigris,  guttula  dorsi,  lunulaque  posteriore 
costce,  lutescentibus.     Exp.  al.  fi.V  lin. 

Head  very  dark  fuscous.  Face  paler.  Palpi  dark  fuscous  ;  tip  of  the 
terminal  joint  jjale  ochnious.  Antcmuc  dark  fuscous.  Anterior  wings 
blackish,  icith  a  bluish  tinge,  with  two  black  spots  before  the  middle, 
one  on  the  fold,  and  one  rather  posterior  on  the  disc,  both  Ibllowed  by 
some  pale  yellowish  scales,  and  a  black  spot  on  the  disc  beyond  the 
middle,  preceded  and  followed  by  some  pale  yellowish  scales  ;  beneath 
it  is  a  snuill  j)ale  yellowish  spot  on  the  inner  margin,  and  beyond  it  on 
the  costa  is  a  larger  luuular  jiale  yellowish  spot ;  the  hinder  nuirgin  and 
apex  of  the  costa  are  spotted  with  blaek  and  ))ah;  yellowish ;  cilia  dark 
fuscous.     Posterior  wings  greyish-l'uscous,  with  paler  cilia. 

A  scarce  species  ;  has  occnrred  near  Leallierhcad  in  J  uly. 

22.  longicornis,  Curt.  P..  E.  ib.  IS!)  (1S27) ;  Step. — histrionella, 
Hiib. ;  \)\\\i.—:ebreUa,  Treit.  Alis  anticis  albido-griseis,  rufo-suj/'usis, 
basi  dorsi,  stria  obli(jua  costic  propc  basim  saturate  fuscis,  fascia  in 
medio  recta,  saturate  fusca,  in  i[\rd pnnctu  duo  ovata  saturatiora(alterum 
plicrc,  alterum  disci),  puncto  ovato  disci  pone  medium  saturate  fusco. 
Exp.  al.  71  lin. 

Head  dark  fuscous.     Face  greyish-ludcous.     Palpi  greyish-fuscous, 


113  OELECHID^, 

internally  whitish.  Antcnnre  fuscons.  Anterior  wings  pale  wldthli- 
grey,  much  suffiisod  with  reddish,  with  the  base  oi"  the  inner  margin  and 
an  oblif[iie  streak  from  near  the  base  of  the  costa  dark  fuscons ;  in 
the  middle  is  a  dark  fascia,  in  which  are  two  darler  ovate  spots  (one  on 
the  fold,  and  one  on  the  disc) ;  beyond  the  middle  is  a  dark  fuscous 
ovate  spot  on  the  disc,  and  l)eyond  it  are  two  other  dark  fuscous  spots, 
one  on  the  costa,  ami  one  on  the  inner  margin ;  parallel  to  the  hinder 
margin  is  a  long  fuscous  spot ;  the  hinder  margin  and  apex  of  the 
costa  are  spotted  with  fuscous ;  cilia  grey.  Posterior  wings  greyish- 
fuscous,  with  paler  cilia. 

Common  on  the  moors  in  tlie  north  of  England,  in  May  and 
June. 

23.  diffinis,  Haw.  L.  B.  ,551  (1820);  8\o.p.?—dissimi/eIta,  Dup. 
pi.  297.  f.  I. — scaljidelln,  Zell. — neJjulea,  Haw.?  Step.?  Alis  anticis 
rufo-brnnneis,  stria  oljlupua  costali  prope  basim,  saturate  fusca,  ami  ma- 
ada  traHsversati  dorsi  scahra  conjiuente,  punctis  duobus  disci,  in  nebu- 
1am  fuscam  costalem  inclusis,  saturate  fuscis,  macula  postica  costa?, 
maculaquc  minorc  dorsi  fuseis,  fascia  postica,  fere  obsoleta,  angulata 
ochrea.     Exp.  al.  1\  lin. 

Head  and  face  greyish-fuscous.  Palpi  greyish-fuscous,  internally 
paler;  terminal  joint  pale  yellowish,  with  two  dark  fuscous  rings.  An- 
tenn;ie  pale  greyish-fuscous,  with  darker  amudations.  Anterior  wings 
reddish-broivii  (sometimes  with  a  slight  violet  tint),  with  an  otdique  dark 
fuscous  streak  near  the  base  of  the  costa,  meetiiuj  in  the  fold  a  tuft  of  dark 
fuscous  raised  scales,  situated  perpendicularti/  on  the  inner  marrjin ;  in 
the  middle  arc  two  or  three  small  tufts  of  dark  fuscous  scales,  connected 
with  the  costa  by  a  fuscous  blotch ;  beyond  the  middle  is  a  small  fus- 
cous spot  on  the  costa,  and  a  smaller  one  opposite  to  it  on  the  inner 
margin ;  immediately  beyond  them  is  a  rather  indistinct  angtdated 
ochreous  fascia  (sometimes  interrupted  by  a  dark  fuscous  streak)  ;  the 
hinder  margin  and  apex  of  the  costa  are  spotted  alternately  with  pale 
and  dark  fuscous  ;  cilia  fuscous.  Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  with  grey- 
ish-fuscous cilia. 

Common  on  Dartford  Heath,  Barnes  Common,  etc.,  in  May, 
June,  and  August  (?).  The  hirva  feeds  in  Ajiril  on  liurncx  Jce- 
tosella,  forming  a  burrow  down  towards  the  root  of  the  2)lant. 

24.  terrella,  W.  \M10.  49  (177G);  Hiib. ;  Trcit. ;  Hup.;  Zell.; 
P.  V.  11.  pi.  80.  f.  1.  pi.  S){\.—Iutarea,  Haw.;  ^i(i\^.—:ephyrella,  Treit. 
Alis  anticis  ochrco-brunneis,  punctis  tribus  (uno  plicae,  altero  postcriore 
disci  ante,  tertio  disci  pone  medium)  nigris,  fascia  postica  angulata  ob- 
soleta dilutiore.     Exp.  al.  7^  lin. 

Head  and  face  greyish-fuscous.  Palpi  fuscous,  internally  pale  ochre- 
ous. Antenna;  fuscous,  with  paler  annulations.  Anterior  wings  oehre- 
ous-brown  (varying  considerably  in  the  shade  of  colour),  with  three 
black  spots  (one  on  the  fold,  one  posterior  to  it  on  the  disc  before  the 
middle,  and  one  on  the  disc  beyond  the  middle) ;  beyond  this  is  a  rather 


oEi.F.rniA.  113 

indistinct  pale  angulatod  fascia;  tlic  hinder  maij;in  and  ajicx  of  tlic 
costa  are  spotted  witii  dark  fuscous;  cilia  rather  paK'r  lluin  the  wint;:. 
Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  with  greyish-fuscous  cilia. 

A  most  abundant  S})cci('s  everywhere  among  grass,  in  Jnne  and 
July.  The  hirva  figured  by  riseher  appears  lo  hv  that  of  d'.  /•/f/'os- 
cens ;  the  larva  of  (I.  ti'rrcUa  still  i-cniains  to  be  discovcacd. 

25.  desertella{Kdl.),  Dougl.  Kut.  Traus.  i.  u.  s.  (',3  (1850).  Alis 
anticis  dilute  ochreo-hrunneis,  yy/o/(:r/o  jtlicfc  prope  Ijd.siai  fusco,  jjunctis 
duobus  ante  medium  (altcro  ])lica',  altero  posterioro  disci)  puncto([UO 
disci  pone  mcidium  nigris,  fascia  postica  dilutiore  ohsoh'tinsiiiKi.  Ex[), 
al.  (i  {acx)  lin. 

Head  pale  greyisli-ochreous,  darker  in  the  mi(Ulle.  Face  pale  grey. 
Palpi  pale  fuscous,  internally  pale  ochrcous.  Anteinae  fuscous,  with 
paler  annulations.  Anterior  wings  pule  ochreons-brown,  n-ilh  a  fusroiis 
upot  on  the  fuld  near  Uia  haae,  two  black  spots  l)efore  the  middle  (one 
on  the  fold,  the  other  a  little  posterior  on  the  disc),  and  one  on  the 
disc  beyond  the  middle;  the  indications  of  a  jiale  iiinder  fascia  are 
lutrdhj  pcrrqjliljh' ;  the  liintler  margin  and  apex  of  the  costa  are  spotted 
with  dark  fuscous  ;  cilia  pale  fuscous  or  pale  ochrcous.  Posterior  wings 
pale  grey,  with  pale  greyish-fuscous  cilia. 

Common  on  the  .sand-hills  of  the  Cheshire  coast,  and  in  the 
Tsle  of  Portland,  in  June  and  July. 

20.  politella  (Dougl.),  Sta.  8up.  Cat.  p.  4  (18.51)  ;  Dougl.  Alis 
anticis  nitidis,  (^  vlivaccu-griHeis,  (  $  augustioribns  dilute  vel  brunneo- 
ochreis,)  punctis  tribus  (nno  plica-,  altero  posteriore  disci  ante,  fertio 
disci  pone  medium)  (^  sidjodaoletis  hii^cis  (  ?  distiuetis  sidan'uris).  K\\i. 
al.  (J  71;  ?  fii  lin. 

Head  and  face  greyish-fuscous.  Palpi  fuscous,  internally  pale  ochrc- 
ous. Antennae  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  shining  olivdccous-ijrcij,  with 
a  spot  on  the  fold,  one  on  the  disc  rather  posterior  Ijefore  the  middle, 
and  one  on  the  disc  beyond  the  middle,  fuscous,  but  ralJwr  indistinct ; 
the  hinder  margin  and  apex  of  the  costa  are  s])otted  with  fuscous  ;  cilia 
pale  fuscous.      Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  with  greyish-fuscous  cilia. 

The  female  has  the  head,  face,  palpi,  ;uul  narrower  anterior  wings 
pale  oclu'cous,  or  pale  brownish-ochreous,  and  the  spots  on  the  anterior 
wings  more  distinct  and  almost  black. 

Common  at  the  foot  of  Skiddaw,  among  heather,  in  June,  1  S  Iti ; 
since  taken  by  3.1r.  Logan,  on  the  Pentlands, 

27.  acuminatella,  Sircom,  Zool.  1  850,  App.  Ixxii. ;  Pogul.— C/>- 
siella,  Sta. — jtnlliginclla,  Sircom  ?  Alis  anticis  dilnti'  hrnnin-is,  f/isco- 
svjO'nsis,  plica  lincacpie  superiorc  parum  suifusis,  j)niicto  ])lica',  puucto 
posteriore  disci  {intcnhtm  in  duo  cnnciformia  diciso)  ante;  medium, 
punctocpie  disci  pone  medium  nigris,  maculis  op]msitis  dilutioribus  fere 
fasciam  subangulatam  formanlibus.      I'Ap.  al.  (\\  lin. 

Head  greyish-fuscous.      Face  pale  greyish-ochreous.     Palpi  pale  fus- 
cous, internally  pale  oebrcous  ;  tcnninal  joint  pale  ochrcous,  with  a  i'us- 
voL.   III.  Q 


114  GKLKcirio.f;. 

onus  ring"  before  the  npcx.  Auteiiiire  I'uscoiis,  heiicatli  spotted  with 
pale  oclireous.  Anterior  wings  (in  the  $  rather  acuminate)  pale  brown, 
very  mnch  suifused  with  fuscous,  the  ibid  and  a  line  above  it  being  al- 
most the  only  uusufl'used  portions  of  the  wing;  a  black  spot  lies  on 
the  fold  before  the  middle,  and  on  the  disc  a  little  posterior  is  another, 
tioiiu't lines  dlvkhd  Into  two  wedf/e-sJiaped  spots ;  on  tiic  disc  beyond  the 
middle  is  another  black  spot ;  beyond  are  two  pale  opposite  spots, 
which  appear  to  form  a  slightly  angulated  fascia ;  between  them  is 
sometimes  a  dark  fuscous  elongated  spot ;  the  hinder  margin  and  apex 
of  the  costa  are  almost  nninterruptedly  dark  fuscous  ;  cilia  pale  fuscous. 
Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  with  greyish-ochreous  cilia. 

Not  uncommon ;  appearing  in  May  and  August.  The  larva, 
■wliich  is  more  easily  seen,  mines  the  leaves  of  the  thistle  iClrs'nim 
fanceolatuni)  in  July  and  September. 

28.  Artemisiella  (Tischer),  Trcit.  E.  S.  ix.  2.  97  (1833);  F.  v. 
Iv.  jil.  30.  f.  3;  lUip. ;  Zell. ;  Dougl.  Alls  auticis  rnfo-hrnnneh,  dorso 
dlliiliore,  pnnctls  d/iob/rs  pliccp,  dnoljiisqite  disci  oJAupiL'  positis  posterht-s 
u/i/ris.     Exp.  al.  5-5i  lin. 

Head  greyish-fuscous.  Eace  paler.  Palpi  dark  fuscous,  internally 
paler;  terminal  joint  with  two  fuscous  rings.  Antenna)  fuscous,  with 
paler  annulations.  Anterior  wings  reddish-limioi,  with  the  inner  margin 
paler ;  on  the  fold  are  tii:o  hlack  spots,  one  heiiuj  in  the  middle,  and  one 
ttei/ond ;  ohliquehj  f)ei/ond  these  are  tico  others  on  the  disc ;  on  the  hinder 
margin  and  a])ex  of  the  costa  arc  some  black  spots ;  cilia  greyish-ochre- 
ous.    Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  with  greyish-fuscous  cilia. 

Common  in  June  and  July  among  the  short  grass  in  sandy 
aiul  gravelly  places,  near  Epsom,  13ox  Hill,  Dawlish  Warren,  the 
Cheshire  coast,  etc.  The  larva  (according  to  Tischer)  feeds  in 
May  in  the  terminal  shoots  of  Artemisia  camjjeslris. 

29.  sexiectella  (F.  v.  E.),  Zell.  Isis,  1839.  p.  199;  Dougl.  Alls 
auticis  dilute  (jriseo-oehreis,  fnsco-sujl'asis  (sa-pe  omuino  fuscis),  viacnla 
hasali  cosUc,  macula  mhiore  costre  pone  vtedinm,  pnnctoriue  elongatnlo 
plica; prope  basiin,  fuscis,  puneto  uno  plicic,  altero  posteriorc  disci  ante, 
tertio  disci  i)ouc  medium  nigris,  fascia  postica  diiutiorc  anguluta  sub- 
distincta.      Fxp.  al.  5.}  lin. 

Head  pale  greyish-ochreous.  Face  pale  oehreous.  Palpi  pale  oehre- 
ons ;  terminal  joint  beneath  sjjottcd  with  fuscous.  Antcnn;e  fuscous. 
Anterior  wings  pale  f/reijish-ochreons,  considerahhj  siijj'nsed  witli.  fuscous 
(sometimes  entirely  so),  with  a  da rh  fuscous  spot  at  the  Ijase  oj'  the  costa, 
a  smaller  one  on,  the  costa  beyond  the  'udddle,  and  a  rather  eloiif/nted  otie 
on  the  fold  near  the  base;  on  the  fold  is  a  black  spot,  and  another  pos- 
terior to  it  on  the  disc  befon;  the  middle,  a  third  being  on  the  disc  be- 
yond the  middle  ;  beyond  this  is  a  rather  distinct  pale  angulated  fascia  ; 
cilia  pale  grtiyish-ochreous.  I*osterior  wings  pale  grey,  with  ))ale  grey- 
isli-fuscous  cilia. 

\ot  raiv  in  dry  places  among  fern,  in  -lulv;    Dariford  lleat.li. 


(.K1,K(I1IA.  IK) 

oO.  mundella,  ])ougl.  luit.  Trans,  i.  n.  s.  (i  !•  (185(1).  Alls  aiiti- 
cis  dilute  iKtescenU'-yrlsels,  p/mc/i-s  si'x  ,//)/r/s,  (juoruni  duo  iiiimita  Inisalia 
c'ostam  ct  dorsum  versus,  duo  ])licic  ())riiis  jjvopc  basim,  postcrius  ante 
medium),  duoijue  disci;  marline  postieo  i'usco.      Isxp.  al.  5  liii. 

Head  and  laec  pale  yellowisli-i-rcy.  rali)i  yellouish  ;  terminal  joint 
ruscous.  Auteume  fuseous,  witli  paler  annulaLions.  Anterior  wings 
pa/e  iii'Uovmh-(jre}i,  with  six  tjlack  a/jotfi,  two  very  minute  at  the.  base 
(one  near  the  costa,  the  other  on  tlie  inner  margin),  two  on  the  fold 
(one  near  the  base,  the  other  before  the  middle),  and  tuo  on  the  dise 
(the  first  being  in  the  middle  of  the  wing)  ;  hinder  margin  luseous  ; 
eilia  greyish-fuscous.  Posterior  wings  wiiiti-:h-grey,  with  yellowish- 
grey  cilia. 

This  pretty  little  species  occurs  anu)iig  the  sand-hills  at  Now 
J3righton,  and  elsewhere  on  the  Cheshire  coast,  in  .May  and  June. 

31.  similis.  Dough  n.  sp.  Alls  anlieis  tialuratv  tjnuiJiru-fnscifi, 
jjHiictis  duofjii.)!  dougatis  ante  nuHlium  (allcro  plie;e,  altero  j)Osteriore 
disci),  puncto  tertio  rotundo  disci  pone  medium,  obsoletis  nigris,  fascia 
|)i«tica  angndata  obsolcta  lutcseente,  ad  covlani  didinctiore.  Exp.  al.  G 
hn. 

Head  dark  fuscous,  h'aee  greyish-oehreous.  Palpi  greyish-oehre- 
ous;  second  joint  externally  brownish;  terminal  joint  dark  fuseous. 
Anterior  wings  dark  broiciii^h-f/'Hcous,  icilli  tiro  doin/uli',  rather  obso- 
lete black  spots  before  the  nuddle  (one  on  the  fold,  the  other  posterior 
to  it  on  the  disc) ;  an  obsolete  round  black  spot  is  on  the  dise  beyond 
the  middle ;  b(y-oiul  this  is  a  faint  pale  angulated  fascia,  mod  didiiicl 
on  the  costa,  where  it  appears  as  a  })ale  )(;lli)wish  spot;  eilia  greyish- 
brown.     Posterior  wings  pah;  grey,  with  p.ile  fuseous  eilia. 

Taken  by  ]\Ir.  Douglas  in  .Inly,  at  stoat's  Nest,  Charlton,  and 
near  iMieklehani,  Hying  in  the  evening  anu)ng  tliaieh. 

;>2.  a£Sims,  Haw.  L.  15.  r).".!  (IS;]'.));  Step.-;  Doug!.-— «///i;usY'//^/, 
Zell.  ;  ])up.  ?  Alls  autieis //(-sxv'.v,  p/fi/rtis  quatiior  nigris  cxterne  uttjo- 
sqiiamatis,  primo  plicix;  basim  versus,  secundo  jjliccC  medi;e,  duobus  disci 
pone  medium,  macidis  posticis  oppositis,  dorsati  posteriore,  albidis.  I'iXp. 
al.  .5i  Ihi. 

Head  dark  fuscous.  Face  whitish.  Palpi  ochreons  ;  tcrnunal  joint 
fuscous,  with  one  or  two  pale  ochreons  spots.  Antenn;x3  unannuhited, 
fuscous.  Anterior  wings  fuscous,  with  four  black  spots,  each  fodou-cd 
1)1/  some  white  scales ;  the  first  is  on  the  fold  near  the  base,  the  second 
in  the  middle  of  the  fold,  the  other  two  are  on  the  disc  beyond  the 
middle;  towards  the  hinder  margin  arc  two  opposite  whitish  spots,  of 
which  that  on  the  inner  margin  is  rather  posterior ;  in  the  apex  of  the 
wing  are  a  few  white  scales;  cilia  greyish-fuscous.  Posterior  wings 
pale  grey,  with  greyish-fuscous  cilia. 

Taken  in  various  loealilies  in  .lidy.  I  once  bred  it  from  a 
larva  found  (when  full-fed)  crawling  on  a  mossy  wall,  in  Feb- 
niarv. 


116  OELECHID.i;. 

33.  boreella,  Dougl.  Eut.  Trans,  i.  n.  s.  105  (1851).  Alis  anticis 
nitidis  (jriseo-fiiscis,  punctis  duobus  ante  raedimn  (altero  plictC,  altevo 
posteriore  disci)  punctoqne  disci  pone  medium  nigris,  squamis  iioi/unllis 
lutesceidibiis  pone  piuictnm  plicae  et  inter  pancta  disci,  fascia  postica  an- 
gulata  et  dentata  lutescenta.     Exp.  al.  G^  lin. 

Head  dark  fuscous.  Eace  dark  fuscous,  rather  shining.  Palpi  dark 
fuscous,  iuterually  a  little  paler.  Antenna3  dark  fuscous,  beneath 
spotted  with  pale  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  shinincj  (jreyisli-fascous, 
with  two  black  spots  before  the  middle  (one  on  the  fold,  the  other, 
posteriorly  placed,  on  the  disc),  and  a  Ijlack  spot  on  the  disc  a  little 
beyond  the  middle  ;  hei/ond  the  spot  of  the  fold  and  between  the  two  spots 
of  the  disc  are  some  yellowish  scales,  and  beyond  the  middle  is  a  some- 
what indented,  slightly  angulated  pale  yello\msU  fascia  ;  the  hinder  mar- 
gin and  apex  oi'  the  costa  are  dark  fuscous ;  cilia  greyish-i'uscous. 
Posterior  wings  jiale  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

I  have  a  single  spcciinen,  talcen  in  a  boggy  ]olace  near  Dunoon, 
in  the  middle  of  July. 

34.  galba^ella  (E.  v.  11.),  Zell.  Isis,  1839.  p.  200;  Dougl.  Alis 
anticis  latiiiscidis  Inlco-yriseis,  punctis  duobus  ante  medium  (altero 
plica"',  altero  posteriore  disci),  punctoque  disci  pone  medium  nigris, 
spatio  pone  punclum  plica^,  et  inter  puncta  disci  fere  lutescente  absque 
griseo,  fascia  postica  siibobsoleta  angulata  no)i  dentata  dilutiore.  Exp. 
al.  7i  lin. 

Head  yellowish-grey.  Eace  paler.  Palpi  externally  dark  fuscous, 
internally  pale  ochreous.  Antenna;  yellowish-grey,  annulated  with 
dark  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  rather  broad,  yellowish-grey,  with  two 
black  spots  before  the  middle  (one  on  the  fold,  and  one  rather  posterior 
on  the  disc),  and  a  black  spot  on  the  disc  beyond  the  middle;  the 
space  1)eyond  the  spot  on  the  fold  and  between  the  spots  on  the  disc  is 
pale  yellowish,  with  hardly  any  grey  scales ;  the  pale  hinder  fascia  is 
rather  indistinct,  not  indented,  and  slightly  angulated ;  the  hinder  mar- 
gin and  apex  of  the  costa  arc  spotted  with  dark  fuscous;  cilia  grey. 
Posterior  wings  grey,  with  greyish-fuscous  cilia. 

Taken  by  T\lr.  Weaver,  in  the  lUack  Forest,  in  Perthshire,  in 
July, 

35.  basaltinella,  Zell.  Isis,  1S39.  p.  198;  Dougl. — domestica, 
var.  /3,  Haw.  Alis  anticis  fascis,  ])unctis  quatuor  nigris  (primo  pliciu 
basim  versus,  seeundo  plicie,  et  tertio  approximato  disci  ante  medium, 
(juarto  disci  ])oue  nie(liuni),  spatio  interjecto  dilutiore,  niacnlis  posticis 
ojipositis  (dorsali  nonnihil  posteriore)  dilute  ochrcis,  i'erefasciam  rectam 
fornianlibus.     Exp.  al.  5.j  lin. 

Head  dark  fuscous.  Eace  pale  greyish-ochieous.  Palpi  dark  fus- 
cous, iuicrnally  ])al(;  ochreous.  Antenme  dark  fuscous,  wdth  paler  an- 
nulalious.  Anlcrior  wings /«5co«s,  with  four  black  spots,  one  on  the 
fohl  not  far  from  tiic  base,  two  a  little  before  tlie  middle  (one  on  the 
fohl,  the  oiKer  very  near  it  on   the  disc),  and  fine  on   ihe  disc  beyond 


GEI.ECHIA.  117 

tlic  middle;  tlie  space  hctwcen  these  spots  is  paler  than  the  rest  of  the 
wing ;  beyond  tlie  fourth  spot  are  hco  pale  ochrcous  op})os'de  spots 
(that  on  the  inner  margin  being  slightly  posterior),  aliiiost  forming  a 
straight  fascia ;  cilia  fuscous.  Posterior  wings  grey,  with  greyish- 
fuscons  cilia. 

Taken  by  ]\Ir.  Bedell,  among  old  thntcli  at  Addington,  in  June 
and  July ;  also  by  Mr.  Douglas,  in  a  similar  locality. 

3G.  domestica,  Haw.  L.  B.  551  (1829);  Step.  Alis  anticis 
ochreo-griseis,  fitsco-mixtis,  puncto  humerali  nigro,  puncto  cost*  pone 
medium  saturate  fusco,  punctis  (piatuor  nigris  (primo  plicte  basini 
versus,  secuudo  plicae  tertio  approximate  disci  ante  medium,  (|uarto 
disci  pone  medium),  spatio  interjeeto  dilutiorc,  fascia  jiostica  subdis- 
tincta  dilutiorc  angulata.     Exp.  al.  G  lin. 

Head  pale  grey.  Pace  whitish.  Palpi  whitish  ;  terminal  joint  cx.- 
ternally  with  a  few  fuscous  spots.  Antennro  dark  fuscous,  with  pale 
grey  annulations.  Anterior  wings  greijish-oclircoHs,  more  or  less  dusted 
icit/if /(SCO/IS,  with  a  small  black  spot  at  the  base  of  the  costa,  and  a 
dark  fuscous  spot  on  the  costa  beyond  the  middle ;  a  black  spot  lies 
on  the  fold,  not  far  from  the  base,  another  is  on  the  fold,  and  a  third 
just  above  it  on  the  disc  a  Httle  before  the  middle,  and  a  fourth  on  the 
disc  beyond  the  middle ;  the  space  between  these  sjiots  is  pah'r  than 
the  rest  of  the  wing;  towards  the  hinder  margin  is  a  tolerably  well- 
defined  y;ff/6'  augidated  fascia ;  cilia  pale  grey.  Posterior  wings  whitish- 
grey,  with  pale  greyish-fuscous  cilia. 

(Jccurs  in  July  and  August,  most  freqnently  in  houses ;  rarely 
on  fences  in  the  country. 

37.  rhombella,  Iliib.  Tin.  277  (1812);  Treit. ;  Dup. ;  Dough; 
VV.  v.? — rhoiidjca,  Haw.  Alis  anticis  cinereis,  macula  Ijasali  cost(C  nigra, 
puncto  postico  costtc  saturate  fusco,  puncto  plica3  prope  basim  fusco, 
punctis  duobus  disci  {primo  in  medio,  secundo  majore  pone  medium.)  sa- 
turate fuscis,  nebula  dorsi  pone  medium  fusea,  fascia  postica  indistincta 
tlilutiore  angulata.     Exp.  al.  G.V  lin. 

Head  and  face  greyish-fuscous.  Palpi  dark  fuscous,  internally  pale 
ochrcous.  Anteun;c  very  pale  fuscous,  with  dark  fuscous  annulations. 
Anterior  wings  ashy-grey,  with  a  long  lAack  spot  at  the  base  of  the  costa, 
and  a  smaller  dark  fuscous  sjjot  beyond  the  middle  of  the  costa ;  near 
the  base  towards  the  inner  margin  is  a  fuscous  spot,  and  another, 
rather  indistinct,  lies  on  the  disc  a  Httle  beyond ;  in  the  middle  of  the 
disc  is  a  dark  fuscous  spot,  and  another,  rather  larger,  is  on  the  disc 
beyond  the  middle ;  a  fuscous  blotch  is  on  the  inner  nuargin  ])cyond  the 
middle ;  beyond  this  there  are  faint  indications  of  a  ])ale  angulatcd 
fascia ;  on  the  hinder  margin  and  apex  of  the  costa  are  some  snuill 
dark  fuscous  spots;  cilia  greyish-oehrcous.  Posterior  wings  pale  grey, 
with  paler  cilia. 

(Jeeurs  among  ajtple-trees  in  July;  taken  I'oniierly  by  Mr.  S. 


118  GELECUlD.i:. 

Stevens,  at  Haramcrsmith ;  not  connnon.  The  larva  (according 
to  Licnig)  feeds  on  apple,  in  l\lay  and  June,  turning  down  a 
corner  of  the  leaf. 

38.  proximella,  Hiil).  Tin.  228  (1801);  Treit. ;  Dup. ;  ZcU. ; 
Dougl. — rltomhdla,  Step.  ? — piilluleUa,  Dup.  ?  Alis  auticis  cauescenii- 
h/(s  teiiernme  ohscurius  h'roratis,  pinictis  stviolisve  sparsis  nigris,  litura 
cosfali  post  medium  fuscescente.     Exp.  al.  8  liu. 

Head  and  face  pale  g'rcy.  Paljn  pale  grey  ;  terminal  joint  wbiliyji, 
with  the  base  and  two  rings  black.  Antennte  pale  grey,  annu- 
iated  with  dark  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  hoarij-ynnj,  icith  iinuieruii-s 
blue!;  streaks  ciiid  spots  ;  a  black  streak  from  the  base  of  the  wing  near 
the  eosta,  a  short  black  streak  on  the  costa  in  the  middle,  and  a  dark 
j'uscous  blotch  on  the  costa  beyond  the  middle;  on  the  inner  margin  is 
a  dark  fuscous  blotch  near  the  mitldle,  and  a  smaller  one  beyond  the 
middle ;  very  near  the  base  on  the  fold  is  a  smaller  black  spot,  and  be- 
fore tlie  middle  are  two  black  spots,  one  on  the  fold,  the  other  anterior 
on  tlie  disc ;  in  the  middle  are  two  rather  long  black  spots  (the  smaller 
one  on  the  fold,  the  larger  and  ratlier  posterior  on  the  disc) ;  beyond 
the  middle  on  the  disc  are  two  small  round  black  spots,  followed  l)y  a 
short  black  streak ;  the  apical  portion  of  the  wing  is  clouded  with  dark 
fuscous,  and  the  hinder  margin  and  a])ex  of  the  costa  are  sjiotied  with 
black  ;   cilia  ]xde  grey.     Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Coninion  among  birclies  in  ]\Iay  and  June.  The  larva  feeds 
between  united  leaves  of  birch  in  JSepteniber. 

39.  notatella,  lliib.  Tin.  341  (181G);  Treit.;  Lienig ;  Dougl. — 
proximella,  var.  {i.  Zell.  Alis  auticis  grlseis,  saturattus  nebnlosis,  ncbu- 
lis  tribus  costre,  prima  basali,  secundo  ante,  tertia  pone  medium,  ne- 
bula majore  dorsi  (in  rpio  puncta  duo  ante  medium),  punctis  duobus  in 
medio,  duobuscpic  disci  pone  medium  nigris.     Exp.  al.  6^-7  lin. 

Head  and  fiice  grey.  Palpi  grey  ;  terminal  joint  paler,  with  the  base 
and  two  rings  black.  Antenmc  pale  grey,  annulated  with  dark  fuscous. 
Anterior  wings  grey,  with  nuiiierous  dark  grey  clouds,  three  of  which  are 
on  the  costa  (one  at  the  base,  one  before,  and  the  third  beyond  the 
middle)  ;  almost  at  the  base  on  the  fold  is  a  small  black  spot ;  a  large 
cloud  occupies  nearly  the  whole  of  the  inner  margin,  on  it  are  two  bhick 
spots  l)efore  the  middle  (one  on  tin;  fohl,  the  other  anterior  on  the 
(iisc)  ;  in  tlie  uiicuUc  are  two  other  bhick  s)iots,  one  on  the  fold,  the 
other,  above  it,  rather  elongate  on  the  disc  ;  beyond  the  middle  are  two 
otiier  small  black  spots  on  the  disc ;  on  the  hinder  margin  and  a))ex  of 
the  costa  are  some  small  dark  fuscous  spots ;  cilia  grey.  Posterior 
wings  grey,  with  pale  grey  cilia. 

Not  uncommon  among  sallows  in  ]\Iay.  The  larva  fecxls  on 
sallows  in  8e})tenibcr,  between  united  leaves  of  the  smooth-leaved 
species,  and  burrowing  in  tlie  wool  on  the  umlcrside  of  the  leaves 
of  the  woolly-leaved  Sj)ecies. 


c.ET.F.ririA.  '        lit' 

•1-0.  humeralis,  Zcll.  Isi?,  is;);),  p.  200  ;  Vour^l.- -L?/eIie^Ia  (Curt.); 
Westw. — (k'con'//(f,  Haw.':'  Alls  auticis  avgitslulis,  nlbidis  (intoixluiu 
omniuo  fuscis),  sfriola  Jnimi'mJi  coslali  nigra,  puncto  cost;p  mc(li;c  i)ni-vc) 
fusco,  macula  i)oiie  medium  costtv  saturate  fusca,  striola  ei  opposita 
transvcrsali  disci,  puncto  auteriore  oblongo  supra  plicam,  puncto  allero 
basim  versus,  his  punctis  saturate  I'uscis  in  macHlarn  magncon  dorsalem 
iutej'dum  inchtsis.     Exp.  al.  01  lin. 

Head  and  face  yellowish  or  dark  fuscous.  Palpi  yellowish  ;  terminal 
joint  with  a  fuscous  ring  before  the  apex,  frecpicntly  with  another  fus- 
cous ring  near  the  base.  Anteiuia)  fuscous,  unannulated.  Anterior 
wings  rallier  narrow,  of  variable  ground-colour,  from  yellowish-white 
to  dark  fuscous,  with  a  hhic/c  shrak  at  the  L((sc  of  the  coda ;  in  the 
middle  of  the  costa  is  a  small  fuscous  cloudy  spot,  and  beyond  it  a 
more  distinct  dark  fuscous  spot ;  opposite  the  latter  is  a  dark  fus- 
cous transverse  spot  on  the  disc,  bcibre  which  is  an  oblong  dark 
fuscous  spot  above  the  fold ;  between  this  and  the  base  is  a  some- 
what irregular  dark  fuscous  s])ot  on  the  fold ;  the  tad  three  spots  are 
sometimes  inctiided  in  a  large  darlc  hJotcli  on  the  inner  margin  ;  on  the 
hinder  margin  and  apex  of  the  costa  are  some  fuscous  spots ;  cilia 
greyish-fuscous.     Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  with  greyish-fuscous  cilia. 

All  extremely  variable  insect;  appears  in  July  ami  August; 
not  uiifrcqueut  in  the  Xew  J-'orest ;  scarce  in  other  localities. 

11.  vulgella,  IM).  Tin.  31G  (ISlfi);  Zell. ;  AV.  V.?  Dup.?— 
aspera,  Haw.;  Step.  Alls  anticis  griscis,  nebulis  tribus  costa^,  nebula- 
(|ue  in  medio  dorsi  saturate  griseis,  punctis  diiohus  in  medio  scatjris  ni- 
gris  albido-cinctis,  macula  iransversali  scabra  nigra  ad  angulum  analem, 
fascia  postica  indistincta  aiigulata  dilutiore.     Exp.  al.  6  lin. 

Head  grey.  Face  paler.  Palpi  grey;  terminal  joint  pale  ochreous, 
with  two  fuscous  rings.  Anteniuo  fuscous,  with  paler  anmdaiions. 
Anterior  wdngs  greg,  with  three  dark  grey  clouds  on  the  costa  (the 
hrst  near  the  base,  the  second  in  the  middle,  the  third  beyond  the 
middle),  and  a  dark  grey  cloud  near  the  middle  of  the  inner  margin ; 
in  the  middle  of  the  wing  are  tico  raised  blaeh  spots,  snrrouiuled  by 
whitish  (one  on  the  disc,  the  other  rather  jjosterior  on  the  fold)  ;  above 
the  anal  angle  is  a  transverse  raised  blacJc  sjjot  reaching  more  than  half 
across  the  wing ;  beyond  is  a  faintly  indiealed  jiale  an<>;ul;'.ted  fascia ; 
the  hinder  margin  and  a[)ex  of  the  wing  are  spotted  with  black;  cilia 
grey.     Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Common  among  hawthorn  in  .Juno  and  -fuly.  The  larva  I'MCih 
(T  believe)  in  tin;  young  slioots  of  hawthorn  in  ^fay. 

•12.  luculella,  iliib.Tin.  3',I7(1S1G);  Dup.;  Zc\\.—sid>rosea,Ui\\v.; 
Step. — Inctnella,  Step.  Mis  anticis  nigris,  macula  magna  curvata  sv.l)- 
rosea  ante  medinm  codfC  iere  plicam  tangente,  n\aculam  miiiorem  ni- 
grarn  costaj  includente,  maculis  posti(;is  oppositis,  costali  majore,  albidis. 
Kxp.  al.  G  lin. 

Head  and  face  grey.     Paljji  greyish-fu>cous  ;  the  terminal  joint  with 


120  GELECiriD.F.. 

two  pale  ochreous  rings.  Anfonna";  fuscous,  with  indistinct  paler  an- 
nulations.  Anterior  wings  black,  with  a  large  curved  pale  yellow  blotch 
before  the  middle  of  the  casta,  reaching  half  across  the  wing,  where  it  is 
tinged  with  rosy  ;  on  the  costa  it  includes  a  small  black  spot ;  towards 
the  hinder  margin  are  two  whitish  opposite  spots,  of  which  that  on  the 
costa  is  the  larger ;  cilia  very  dark  grey.  Posterior  wings  greyish-fus- 
cous, with  paler  cilia. 

Very  comnion  round  London,  on  the.  stems  of  oaks  in  June. 

43.  scriptella,  Hiib.  Tin.  133  (1801);  Treit. ;  Zell. ;  Dup.  ?— 
Blattarire,  Haw.  —  treniella.  Step.  Alis  anticis  albls,  costam  versus 
exalbidis,  maculis  costaj  tribus  (prima  basali,  sccunda  media,  tertia  pone 
medium)  nigris,  dorso  usrpie  pone  medium  late  fusco,  yancto  oblongo 
j)lica;  Viiedue,  striola  posteriore  dive!,  striolaipic  traitsversali  diaci  pone 
■medium  scahris  nigris.     Ex|).  al.  Gi  lin. 

Head  and  face  white.  Palpi  whitish;  terminal  joint  with  two  black 
rings.  Antenufc  whitish,  annulated  with  dark  fuscous.  Anterior  wings 
white,  towards  the  costa  with  a  slight  ochreous  tinge,  with  the  base  of 
the  costa,  a  spot  in  the  middle,  and  a  larger  spot  beyond  the  middle  of 
the  costa  black ;  the  inner  margin  is  broadly  fuscous  from  near  the  base 
to  beyond  the  middle  ;  in  the  middle  of  the  fold  is  a  long  black  spot  of 
raised  scales,  a  short  curved  streak  lies  on  the  disc  rather  beyond,  and  a 
transverse  streak  is  on  the  disc  opjjosite  to  the  last  costal  spot,  but  not 
reaching  beyond  the  fold ;  these  are  likewise  composed  of  raised  black 
scales ;  the  apical  portion  of  the  wing  is  clouded  with  fuscous,  with 
some  darker  spots  towards  the  hinder  margin  ;  cilia  whitish.  Posterior 
wings  pale  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Common  among  maples  in  May  and  June.  The  larva  feeds  on 
the  leaves  of  the  maple  in  September,  turning  clown  a  portion, 
securing  the  leaf  in  its  folded  position  by  several  strong  cables  of 
silk,  and  then  devouring  the  folded  portion  half  through ;  they 
arc  extremely  suljject  to  the  attacks  of  the  Icltiieumonidce. 

44.  fugitivella,  Zell.  Isis,  1839,  p.  200;  T)o\\g\.  —  pnllatella, 
Evers.  ?  Alis  anticis  cinereis,  saturate  fusco-nebulosis,  basi  dorsi,  api- 
ceqne  cxceptis,  nebulis  tribus  costa;  (prinui  basali,  secuiula  ante,  tertia 
pone  medium)  punctis  duobus  subscabris  pliciiB  (altero  ante  medium, 
altero  in  medio)  nebulaque  dorsali  prope  basim  nigris.     Exp.  al.  fi  lin. 

Head  and  face  grey.  Palpi  grey;  terminal  joint  with  two  dark  fus- 
cous rings.  Antenna)  grey,  annulated  with  dark  fuscous.  Anterior 
wings  ashy-grey,  much  clouded,  with  dark  fuscous,  only  a  small  patch  at 
the  base  of  the  inner  margin,  and  towards  the  apex  of  the  wing  remain- 
ing unclouded ;  along  the  costa  arc  thrc^^  almost  black  blotches,  one  at 
the  base,  one  before,  and  one  beyond  the  middle,  and  in  the  fold  are 
two  black  rather  raised  spots,  one  before  and  one  in  the  middle ;  on 
the  inner  margin  not  far  irom  the  base  is  a  small  black  blotch ;  a  fus- 
cous cloud. lies  in  the   grey  apical  portion  of  the  wing,  and  sciveral 


CKLKCHIA.  121 

fuscous  spots  are  on  the  liiudcr  margin  ;  cilia  greyisli.     i'osterior  wings 
g-reyish-fuscous,  witli  palor  cilia. 

iS^ot  scarce  among  elms  in  .lunt;  and  July,  The  larva  (accord- 
ing to  Lieuig)  feeds  on  nut,  maple,  and  elm,  in  lAlay. 

45.  ^thiops  (West.),  Hump,  and  West.  ]3.  j\L  ii.  192.  pi.  107. 
f.  13  (lSl.o)  ;  ])ougl.  Alis  anticis  niijris,  puiicl'iH  sca/jris  uif/rh  (primo 
disci  ante  medium,  secundo  majorc,  tertio(pie  minore  ]iliea',  (juarta  ob- 
liqua  disci  in  medio,  quinto  pone  medium  transversali),  fascia  postica 
angulata  diluta  ohsoh'tmiuni.     Yj\\).  ai.  8  liu. 

Head  and  face  black.  I'alpi  black,  internally  rather  paler;  ti'rminal 
joint  with  a  grey  ring  before  the  apex.  Antenn;e  black.  Anterior  wings 
black,  ic'dh  several  raised  ti'f/s  of  hlaelc  scales,  one  before  the  middle  on 
the  disc,  a  second  more  conspicuous,  a  little  posterior  on  the  fold,  two 
are  in  the  middle  (one  on  the  fold,  the  other  rather  obliquely  placed  on 
the  disc):  a  lifth  is  transversely  placed  beyond  the  middle  rather  above 
the  fold;  beyond  arc  some  e.rtri'un'l)/  Jhlut  indications  of  a  ])ale  angu- 
lated  tascia  ;  cilia  dark  grey.  Posterior  wings  pale  greyish-fuscous, 
with  greyish-fuscous  cilia. 

Occurs  on  moors  in  the  north  of  i'jnglaiid,  in  June,  sit  ling  on 
the  black  places  that  have  been  burnt. 

46.  solutella  (!•.  v.  K.),  Zell.  Isis,  1S39.  p.  191);  l^up.  ?— /)^//;o- 
selhi,  Hougi.  Alis  anticis  sidiiralissihie  fnscis,  pintdis  qi'ddior  iiiijris, 
primo  |)licce  prope  basim,  seenndo  plica^,  tcrtio  disci  paullo  ante  medium, 
quarto  disci  pone  medium,  fascia  postica  diluta  angulata  obsoletissima. 
Exp.  al.  9i  lin. 

Head,  face,  palpi,  and  antenna'  dark  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  rcr)/ 
dark  fuscous,  tcitJt  foi'r  black  sjiols ;  tlie  lirst  on  the  fold  not  far  from 
tlie  base,  the  second  on  the  fold,  ami  the  third  on  the  disc,  a  little  be- 
fore the  middle,  the  fourth  on  the  disc  beyond  the  niiddli;;  there  arc 
hardly  any  indications  of  a  pale  angulated  fascia;  cilia  pah;  ochreous, 
intersected  by  a  dark  fuscous  line.  Posterior  wings  ])ale  grey,  with 
greyish-ochrcous  cilia. 

A  single  specimen  was  taken  in  1851,  by  Mr.  AYeaver,  in  Perth- 
shire; it  is  in  i\rr.  Doubleday's  colleciion. 

47.  distinctella,  Zell,  Isis,  1839,  p.  199;  F.  v.  U.  pi.  SO.  f.  2; 
Dougl. ;  Dup.  't  Alis  ■M\['\c\^l'iisco-l)rHinieis,  ])i'nclo  ohtiijito  cosLali  ])rope 
hasLiii,  macula  costali  poiu!  medium,  satiuMte  fuseis  (intcrdum  obsoletis), 
puncto  uno  plicLe,  altero  ])osteriore  disci,  tcrlio(|ue  disci  pone  medium, 
nigris  alhidu-uotalis,  fascia  postica  sidja)i(julala  dibit  lore  saho/jsolela. 
Exp.  al.  11  lin. 

Head  and  face  greyish-fuscous.  Palpi  grcyisli-fuscous,  internally 
pale  ochreous;  the  tip  of  the  ternnnal  joint  pale  ochreous.  Antennie 
i'nscous.  Anterior  wings  dark  hroiriiish-fiiscons,  wiili  an  oljlii/ae  dark 
fascOMS  blotch  from  near  ll'e  Ijase  of  the  cost  a,  and  a  dark  fuscous  blotc  U 
on  the  costa  beyond  the  middle  (these  markings  are  sometimes  almost 

VOL.  ]]i.  a 


123  GELECHli).F;. 

lost  ill  tlic  dark  ground-colour) ;  on  tlie  fold  is  a  black  spot,  and  an- 
other, rather  posterior,  on  the  disc  before  the  middle,  a  third  is  on  the 
disc  beyond  the  middle  ;  these  fipots  are  genevciWy  preceded  and  followed 
hy  some  tcJtifish  scales ;  towards  the  hinder  margin  is  a  slhjMly  anrjU' 
lated  paler  but  not  very  distinct  fascia;  on  the  hinder  margin  and  apex 
of  the  costa  are  some  scattered  black  scales,  and  a  few  vjhitisli  scales  lie 
lowards  the  apex  of  the  hinder  margin;  cilia  fuscous,  intersected  by  a 
darker  line.     Posterior  wings  grey,  with  greyish-fuscous  cilia. 

Occurs  on  the  downs  beyond  Croydon,  among  the  junipers,  in 
July  and  August ;  also  in  the  Isle  of  Portland,  but  not  common. 

48.  celerella  (Dongl.),  Sta.  Sup.  Cat.  p.  5  (18.51);  Dougl.  Alis 
anticis/«sco-^m(?/s,  stria  obliqua  costtp  prope  basiui,  macula  magna  tri- 
angulari  in-  medio  costce  hferins  in  plicarn  terniinata,  maculaipm  costce 
subtransversali  p)one  viedium  satwate  faseis,  piuicto  uno  plica;,  altero 
postcriore  disci  ante,  tertio(pie  disci  pone  medium  nigris,  albido-notatis, 
fascia  tenni  postica  dilutiore  fere  recta.     Exp.  al.  -5-6^  lin. 

Head  and  face  greyish-fuscous.  Palpi  greyish-fuscous,  internally 
pale  ochreous  ;  tip  of  the  terminal  joint  pale  ochreons.  AntenuEe  fus- 
cous. Anterior  wings  greyish-fuscous,  with  a  short  oblique  fuscous  streak 
from  the  costa  near  the  base,  a  large  triangular  fuscous  blotch  in  the 
middle  of  the  costa,  terminating  on  the  fold,  and  beyond  the  middle  is 
a  dark  fuscous  costal  blotch,  almost  reaching  across  the  wing;  a  black 
spot  lies  on  the  fold,  a  second  rather  posterior  on  the  disc  before  the 
middle,  a  third  on  the  disc  beyond  the  middle ;  they  are  generally  ^;rt'- 
ceded  and  followed  by  some  whitish  scales  ;  towards  the  hinder  margin 
are  two  pale  opposite  spots,  almost  united  into  a  slender  straight  fascia  j 
in  the  dark  apex  of  the  wing  are  a  few  whitish  scales ;  cilia  pale  fus- 
cous, intersected  by  a  darker  line.  Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  with 
greyish-fuscous  cilia. 

A  few  specimens  have  been  taken  in  September  among  the  sand- 
hills of  the  Cheshire  coast,  by  Mr.  Cooke  and  Mr.  Grcgson. 

49.  costella  (Step.),  Hump,  and  West.  B.  M.  ii.  192.  pi.  107.  f. 
15  (1845);  Dougl.  Alis  anticis  rnfo-ochreis,  apieem  versus  fusco-suf- 
fusis,  macula  magna  costrc  fere  ex  bnsi  usque  ad  fascia)n  posticamproducta, 
ante  medium  phcam  taugcnte,  postice  angustata,  nigra,  fascia  postica 
distinete  angulata  dilute  rufo-ociu'ca.     Exp.  al.  GJ  liu. 

Head  dark  greyish-ochrcous.  l'\iee  ])ale  greyish-ochrcous.  Palpi 
reddish-fuscous,  internally  whitish  ;  terminal  joint  pale  ochreous,  with 
two  dark  fuscous  rings.  Antenna^  fuscous,  with  paler  aiuudations. 
Anterior  wings  reddish-ochreous,  with  a  large  black  blotch  on-  the  costa, 
beginning  not  far  from  the  base,  and  reaching  to  the  hinder  fascia,  it  is 
broadest  belbrc  the  middle,  where  it  touches  the  fold,  and  is  attenuated 
posteriorly  ;  the  pale  hinder  fiiscia  is  distinctly  angulated,  redcHsh- 
ocln-eous  ;  tiie  a])ical  portion  of  the  wing  is  much  suifused  with  fuscous  ; 
and  the  hinder  margin  and  apex  of  the  costa  arc  alternately  fuscous 
and  reddish-ochreous ;  cilia  fuscous.  Posterior  wings  greyish-fuscous, 
witli  j)aler  cilia. 


(iELKCiiiA.  1:2;) 

Not  uncommon  in  liedgcs  wlicrc  Solauaui  JJidcai/iam  grows,  in 
j\lay,  August,  and  September.  The  larva  mines  the  leaves,  and 
feeds  in  the  berries  and  stems  of  the  Solanua/,  m  July  and  August. 

50.  maculea,  Ihuv.  L.  1?.  553  (IS2!)). — luaculella,  Step. — hlan- 
ih'lla,  Dougl.  Ent.  Trans,  ii.  n.  s.  77.  pi.  x.  f.  2.      Alis  anticis  albidis 

fnsct'SCi'ide-su[fnsis,  apicem  versus  fusco-suH'usis,  atomis  uigris  propc 
basini,  macula  ohlon(ja  nirjra  aide  huxlluni.  coslce,  pVicam  fcrc  taiujndc, 
■police  prodticfa,  puuctis  duobus  disci,  altera  ante,  altcro  pone  iiicdiuni 
nigris,  fascia  postica  alba  uonnihil  angulata  ct  dontata.  Exp.  al.  5.', 
lin. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  crcamy-wliitc.  Antenna:;  whitish,  amndatcd 
with  dark  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  whifidi,  m,iicich(d  SKjfnfit'd  w'dlt  jnde 
faacous ;  a  few  black  dots  lie  near  the  base,  an  obUqife  blach  streak  arises 
be/ore  the  middle  of  the  cosla,  reaches  nearli/  to  the  fold,  and  is  rather 
jtrodnced posteriorli/ ;  above  its  apex  is  a  small  black  spot  on  the  disc, 
and  l)oy()nd  tlie  middle  is  another  small  black  spot  on  tlie  disc ;  tiic 
paii;  hinder  fascia  is  white,  slighlly  angulated  and  indented;  the  apical 
portion  of  the  wing  is  more  sulVused  with  fuscous,  the  hinder  margin 
and  apex  of  the  costa  arc  varied  with  black  and  white  scales  ;  cilia  ]iale 
grey.      PosliM'ior  wings  pale  grey,  with  gre_\  ish-fuscous  cilia. 

Not  unconunon  in  July  in  hedges  where  StcUaria  holosfca  grows. 
The  Uu'va,  when  young,  mines  the  leaves,  afterwards  feeds  in  the 
terminal  shoots,  and  at  n  later  ]Kriod  feeds  in  the  seeds  of  the 
Slcllarla  holoslea  ;  it  may  be  met  with  in  May  ami  June. 

51.  tricolorella.  Haw.  Tr.  I'hit.  i.  o-'is  (IfSl'i);  Step. — cuiiH(/uu, 
Haw.  ;  Step.  ;  J)ougL  ihit.  Trans,  ii.  n.  s.  76.  pi.  x.  f  i.  Alis  anticis 
dilide  rufu-brnnueis,  basi  fusca,  stria  brevi  cost;e  jiropc  hasim  exalbida, 
iiiacula  vuujua  iiif/rn  coslre  a  stria  usque  ad  fasciam  podicam  extensa, 
])h"cani  tangeutc  posticc  angustala,  striam  ad  dorsum  pone  rnediuin  emit- 
tenle,  macalls  posticis  opposltls  exalbidis,  fasciam  angulata m  for niaidihas, 
costali  inajorc  ac  posleriore.     Exp.  al.  G  lin. 

Head  dark  fuscous.  I'^icc  greyish-ochreous.  I'alpi  dark  biscous ; 
iiiteriudly,  and  the  tij)  of  the  terniiual  joint,  pale  ochreous.  Anlennie 
biscous.  Anterior  wings  rather  ])ale  reddish-brown,  with  the  base  fus- 
cous ;  a  short  oblicpic  streak  Ironi  the  costa  near  the  base  is  yellowish- 
white;  beyond  this  is  a  large  black  costal  blotch,  udiich  extends  to  the 
hinder  fascia,  it  reaches  to  the  fold,  but  is  jiosteriorly  narrower,  and 
beyond  the  middle  it  emits  a  blade  streak  to  the  inner  margin  ;  the  ijel- 
lowish-tch'de  opposite  spots,  of  which  that  on  the  costa  is  the  larger  and 
posterior,  form  an  angulated  fascia ;  the  apical  portion  of  the  wing  is 
l)lack,  the  hinder  nun-gin  and  ajjcx  of  the  costa  being  alternately  black- 
ish and  whitish;  cilia  dark  biscous,  with  the  tips  pali'r.  I'oslcrior 
wings  greyish-fuscous,  with  paler  cilia. 

Not  scarce  in  July  in  hedges  where  Htellarln  holostea  grows. 
The  larva,  when  young,  mines  the  leaves,  afterwards  feeding  in 


124  GELECIIIU^;. 

the  terminal  shoots,  and  devouring  the  flower-buds  of  the  Stellaria 
Jiolostea,  in  the  beginning  of  spring. 

52.  fraternella,  Doiigl.  Eut.  Trans,  i.  u.  s.  101  (1851);  Id.  Eut. 
Trans,  ii.  n.  s.  77.  \i\.  x.  f.  3.  Alis  auticis  riiJ'o-hnin)ms,fusco-snll'usls, 
puncto  supra  plicain  prope  basim,  nebala  ohliqiia  ante  medimn  costce  pU- 
cam  taiKjchte,  nebula  pone  luediuni  dorsi  (apice  ciun  puncto  uigro  disci 
coniic.xo),  sal  urate  fmch,  macuhs  oppositis  albldis  I'ere  t'asciara  vix  mif/u- 
latavi  fornwintibus,  ea  costali  vix  posteriore.     Exp.  al.  5-51  bn. 

1  b'jid  redcbsh-browu.  Face  pale  greyish-ochreous.  Palpi  tuscoiis, 
internally  pule  ochreous ;  terminal  joint  dark  fuscous,  internally  and 
the  tip  pale  ochreous.  Antennre  dark  fuscous,  with  paler  anuLdntions. 
Anterior  wings  reddish-brown,  more  or  less  siijfased  with  fuscous,  with  a 
dark  i'uscous  spot  above  the  fold  near  the  base,  a  dark  fuscous  tjtotch 
from  the  casta  before  the  middle,  e.vtendi)ig  obliquely  to  the  fold,  and  a 
dark  fuscous  blotch  on.  the  inner  margin  beyond  the  middle,  at  the  apex 
of  \rhich  is  a  black  spot  on  the  disc;  beyond  are  two  ■whitish  oppo- 
site spots,  almost  forming  a  sliijhily  auyulated  fascia  (that  on  the  costa 
is  rather  posterior) ;  the  apical  portion  of  the  wing  is  almost  entirely 
dark  fuscous;  cilia  pale  grey,  varied  with  fuscous.  Posterior  wings 
pale  grey,  with  greyish-fuscous  cilia. 

Not  uncommon  in  July,  in  hedges  and  weedy  banks  where  Stel- 
laria vJifjinosa  grows,  but  very  retired  in  its  habits,  and  not  easily 
dislodged.  The  larva  feeds  in  May  in  the  young  terminal  shoots 
of  Stellaria  ulhjhiosa,  which  thereby  assume  a  singular  knobbed 
and  contorted  ap])earance. 

53.  maculiferella  (Maun),  Dougl.  Eut.  Trans,  i.  n.  s.  103 
(1851). — [iroxima.  Haw.;  Step.  Alis  auticis  ^nVo-fuscis,  costam  ver- 
sus rulb-brunueo  sutfusis,  macula  obliqua  nigra  ante  ■medium  costce,  pU- 
cam  tungeute,  interne  cum  puncto  uigro  plicce,  externe  cum  puncto  nigra 
disci  conuexa,  puncto  disci  pone  medium  cum  striola  transversali  supra 
plicam  connexo,  nigris, /«6f/rt!  postica  dilute  ochrea  intcrrnjita  subangu- 
lata.     Exp.  al.  5  liu. 

Head  dark  fuscous.  Face  pale  ochreous.  Palpi  dark  fuscous,  in- 
ternally pale  ochreous.  Antenn;e  pale  fuscous,  aunulated  with  dark 
fuscous.  Anterior  wings  greyish -fuscous,  somewhat  suil'used  with  red- 
dish-lu'ovvn  towards  tiie  costa,  u-ith  a.  broad  oblique  black  streak  from  the 
costa  before  the  middle,  not  reaching  beyond  the  fold,  connected  internally 
with  a  black  spot  on  the  fold,  and  externidly  with  a  black  spot  on  the 
disc ;  beyond  tlu;  inicklle  is  a  l)lack  spot  on  the  disc,  connected  with  a 
short  transverse  streak  ratlier  above  the  fold ;  the  pale  ochreous  hinder 
fascia  is  interrupted  and  .■^tightly  angulated ;  bcyoiul  it  the  apex  of  the 
wing  is  dark  fuscous  ;  the  liinder  margin  and  aj)ex  of  the  costa  being 
varied  with  (hirk  fuscHms,  and  pale  ochreous;  ciha  grey.  Posterior 
wings  p;ile  grey,  with  pah;  greyish-fuscous  cilia. 

Taken  occasionally  in  -Inly  in  weedy  baidvs,  but  scarce. 


(iELECniA.  125 

54.  junctella,  Dougl.  Ent.  Trau  s.  i.  n.  s.  103  (1S51).  Alls  im- 
ticis  albldo-fjrisds,  apicciu  versus  salurato  fuscis,  codam  versus  rnj'o- 
hnmneo-nebulosls,  viHcnla  coslall  pUcam  Uuujenk  ante  vmUiun,  puncto 
disci  pone  iiiedium  nigris,  macula  riifo-brunum,  uute  fasclam  puriiiii 
curvatani,  albklam.     Exp.  al.  A<\  Hn. 

Head  sldning  bronze.  Face  \yd\n\  I'alpi  (lark  fuscous,  iutenially 
whitish.  Autcnuffi  whitish,  aiuuihilcd  with  dark  fuscous.  Anterior 
wings  ichilish-grei/,  toicards  the  costa  rather  clouded  rclth  reddlsh-broion, 
tcUh  a  black  costal  spot  before  the  riiiddle  reachiitg  to  the  fold,  and  a 
small  black  spot  on  the  disc  beyond  the  uiiddlc,  followed  by  a  reddish- 
brown  blotch;  beyond  this  is  a  pale  yellowish-xchlte,  slighlhj  curved 
fascia ;  the  apical  portion  of  the  wing  is  almost  entirely  dark  fuscous, 
nearly  black  ;  cilia  grey.     Posterior  wings  greyish-fuscous  ;  cilia  paler. 

Has  occurred  in  Epping  and  Ilainault  Forests,  on  the  trunks 
of  oaks,  in  August. 

5.5.  vicinella,  Dougl.  Ent.  Trans,  i.  u.  s.  102  (1851).  Alls  anli- 
cis  fuscis,  maculis  una  prope  basini,  altera  obUgua  costali  ante  medium, 
tertia  posteriore  disci  nigris,  plaga  magna  sinuata  dorsi  (anlice  costam 
tangente)  albida,  maculis poslicis  oppositis  albidis.     Exp.  al.  (1  lin. 

ilead  greyish-fuscous.  Face  pale  ochreous.  Palpi  fuscous,  inier- 
nally  pale  ochreous  ;  terminal  joint  dark  fuscous.  Autcnuie  dark  i'us- 
cous,  with  paler  annulations.  Anterior  wings  dark  fuscous,  with  a 
black  spot  near  the  base,  an  obVupie  black  blotch  before  the  middle  of  the 
costa,  and  a  black  blotch  on  the  disc  beyond  the  middle ;  on  the  inner 
margin  is  a  large  yellomsh-white  blotch  extending  from  near  the  base  to 
beyond  the  middle,  at  first  it  almost  touches  the  costa  (there  apjK'aring 
as  a  fascia),  but  beyond  it  is  much  indented  with  the  dark  ground- 
coloia-,  but  posteriorly  it  again  widens  and  crosses  the  fold ;  towards 
the  hinchn-  margin  are  lu:o  vJiitish  opposite  spots,  of  which  the  costal 
spot  is  rather  posterior ;  cilia  pale  fuscous.  Posterior  wings  whitish- 
grey,  with  pale  fuscous  cilia. 

Three  specimens  only  have  occurred  ;  these  were  found  at  Bel- 
fast and  JJriglitou,  in  August  and  September.  In  my  own  and 
Mr.  Douglass's  collections. 

56.  Hiibneri,  Haw.  L.  B.  551  (1829)  ;  Step. ;  Dougl.  Alls  an- 
ticis  albido-griseis,  dilute  roseo-suj/'usis,  macula  costa  basim  versus,  cum 
macula  plicre  ante  medium  {fere  striani  oblinuamfonnante),  punctis  duo- 
bus  disci,  altero  ante,  altera  {cum  striola  supra  plicam  convexo),  pone 
medium  nigris ;  nebula  costiu  pone  medium  saturate  fusea,  fascia  pos- 
tica  parura  angulata  et  dentata  albida.     I'xp.  al.  0  lin. 

Head  and  face  whitish-grey.  Palpi  pale  fuscous,  internally  whitish  ; 
terminal  joint  dark  fuscous,  internally  whitish.  Antenmu  whitish,  with 
fuscous  annulations.  Anterior  wings  whitish-grey,  with  a  slight  rosy 
lint,  with  a  black  spot  on  the  costa  not  far  from  the  base,  and  obliguely 
beyond  it  a  larger  black  spot  on  the  fold  {the  two  nearly  forming  an  ob- 
lique striga) ;  on  the  disc  are  two   small  black  spots,  one  before,  the 


126  GELECHIDyE, 

other  beyojid  the  viittitte,  the  latter  is  connected  with  a  short  irnnsverse 
t>lack  streak  ahuce  the  fold ;  on  the  costa  beyond  the  mickUc  is  a  dark 
fuscous  blotch,  followed  by  a  slightly  angulatcd,  rather  indented  whitish 
fascia  ;  the  hinder  margin  and  apex  of  the  costa  arc  varied  with  whitish 
and  black  scales ;  cilia  pale  fuscous.  Posterior  wings  grey,  with  grey- 
ish-fuscous cilia. 

A  scarce  species;  most  of  our  specimens  have  been  takeu  in 
the  north  of  Euglaud,  on  the  trunks  of  oaks  in  July  and  August. 

57.  marmorea,  Haw.  L.  B.  553  (1839);  Step.;  Curt.;  Dougl. 
— Manniella,  Zcll.  ?  Alis  anticis  angustulis  rnfo-brunneis,fusco-siiJj'nsis, 
dorso  ditiitiore,  punctis  duobus  albidis  cum  duobus  aliis  saturate  fuscis 
alternantibus  supra  plicam,  stria  nigra  disci  in  me{\io,  fascia  jJostica  fere 
recta,  par  urn.  obUqna,  et  interrupta  alhida.     Exp.  al.  5^  IJn. 

Head  and  face  pale  grcyisii-fuscous.  Palpi  dark  fuscous,  internally 
whitish.  Antenuaj  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  rather  narrow,  reddish- 
brown,  siiffased  with  fiiscoas,  the  inner  margin  paler,  with  two  whitish 
spots  above  the  fold,  each  preceded  by  a  dark  fuscous  spot  (the  first 
not  far  from  the  base,  the  other  in  the  middle  of  the  wing) ;  above  the 
second  is  a  black  streak  on  the  disc ;  towards  the  hinder  margin  is  a 
■nearli/  straight,  rather  oblique,  slightly  interrupted,  whitisli  fascia  ;  the 
hinder  margin  is  dark  fuscous ;  cilia  greyish-ochreous,  varied  with  fus- 
cous.    Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  with  greyish-ochreous  cilia. 

Connnon  on  sandy  coasts,  aoiougst  the  short  grass,  from  June 
to  September. 

58.  mstabilella,  Dougl.  Zool.  1270.  f.  10  (1846).  Alis  anticis 
rnfo-ochreis,  stria  obliqua  costce  ante  medium /«ser/',  in  plicam  dcsinente, 
'punctis  tribiis  plicre,  tribus  disci  satnrate  f/tscis,  fascia  postica  dilutiore 
angulata  obsoleta.     Exp.  al.  7  lin. 

Head  and  face  greyish-ochreous.  Palpi  pale  ochreous,  beneath  fus- 
cous. AntenucC  pale  fuscous,  with  darker  annulations.  Anterior  wings 
rcddish-ochreons,  n-ith  a  short  oblique  fitscons  streak  from,  the  costa  be- 
fore the  middle,  not  reaching  beyond  the  fold ;  on  the  fold  are  three 
black  spots,  the  space  between  the  lirst  and  second  is  greater  than  that 
between  the  second  and  the  third,  which  latter  is  in  the  middle  of  the 
wing ;  on  the  disc  are  three  dark  fuscous  spots,  the  first  a  little  beyond 
the  second  spot  of  the  fold,  the  other  two  very  near  together  b(;youtl  the 
middle  ;  the  j)alc  angulated  fascia  is  rather  indisthict ;  beyond  it  the  api- 
cal portion  of  the  wing  is  clouded  with  fuscous  ;  the  hinder  margin  and 
apex  of  the  costa  arc  spotted  with  dark  fuscous ;  cilia  greyish-ochre- 
ous, varied  with  fuscous.  Posterior  wings  whitish-grey,  with  ochrcous- 
grey  ciUa. 

Occurs  on  f-he  coast  in  July  and  August ;  St.  Osytli  and  Brigh- 
ton. Mr.  Douglas  bred  tliis  species  last  autunni  from  larvie  he 
found  at  I'rigliton,  in  Augnst,  feeding  on  Salicuniia  Iterbacca  and 
Ckenojiudiuiii  raar'itiinum. 


(iF.LKCMtlA.  127 

59.  Atriplicella,  F.  v.  11.  233.  pi.  78  (1830);  Dougl.;  Diip.?  Alls 
aiiticis  (/riseo-/nsci.s,  stria  ohliqua  saturaiiore  cosies  ante  luoLlium,  plicani 
taiigcnte,  jjunciis  trihi's  J)Uc(P,  dnobus  disci  saturate  f/iscis,  fascia  postiea 
(liliitiore  aiigulata  subdistincta.     Exp.  al.  7  lin. 

Head  and  face  greyish-fuscous.  l'al|)i  fuscous,  iutcrnally  pale 
ochreous.  Antennre  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  (jreyisli-fmcous,  n-ith  a 
darker  ohtique  streali  from  the  costa  not  far  IVotn  tlie  base,  reaching  to 
the  fold ;  aloiig  the  fold-  are  three  dark  fuscous  spots,  and  on.  the  disc 
are  two  others  obliquely  above  the  second  and  third  of  the  fold,  the 
last  being  a  little  beyond  tlic  middle  of  the  wing ;  the  pale  liinder  fascia 
is  not  very  distinct,  it  is  anguhited ;  the  hinder  margin  and  apex  of 
the  costa  are  varied  with  pale  and  dark  fuscous ;  ciHa  pale  fuscous. 
Posterior  wings  pale  greyish-fuscous,  with  paler  cilia. 

Common  in  July  and  August,  in  many  places,  among  Atriplex 
and  Chenopodium.  The  larva  feeds  from  ]\Iay  to  July,  on  the 
leaves  and  flowers  of  those  plants. 

()().  obsoletella,  h\  v.  W.  22.5.  pi.  7'.»  (18  tO);  Dough;  Dup.— 
elongella,  W.  V.?  lliib.  ?  Alis  anticis  dilute  grisoo-ochreis,fuscescent,e- 
sujl'iisis,  puncto  plica^,  punetoque  uno  posteriorc  disci  ante  medium, 
j)U)ictis  duohus  disci  pone  medium,  interdum.  coiniexis,  fuscis,  fascia  jiostica 
dihitiore  angulata  indistincta.     Exp.  al.  6  lin. 

Head  and  face  pale  greyish-ochreous.  Palpi  pale  greyish-ochreous, 
with  a  dark  fuscous  ring  before  the  apex  of  the  terminal  joint.  An- 
tcnufc  pale  greyish-ochreous,  annulated  with  dark  fuscous.  Anterior 
wings  pate  greyish-ochreous,  more  or  less  clouded  with  pale  fuscous ;  on 
the  fold  before  the  michlle  is  a  fuscous  spot;  on  the  disc  is  another 
ratlier  posterior,  and  heyond  the  middle  are  two  smaller  fuscous  spots  on 
the  disc  (the  posterior  being  nearer  the  inner  margin),  and  in  some  spe- 
cimens they  are  united;  the  pale  angulated  fascia  is  rather  indistinct; 
the  hinder  margin  and  apex  of  the  costa  are  spotted  ■with  pale  fuscous ; 
cilia  pale  ochreous.  Posterior  wings  whitish,  with  pale  ochreous 
cilia. 

Abundant  in  the  Isle  of  Portland  in  August,  among  Chenopo- 
d'vmn  iuaritimum.  The  larva  (according  to  Fischer)  feeds  from 
INfay  to  August  in  the  stems  of  Atriplex  and  Cheno podium. 

fil.  littorella.  Dough  Ent.  Trans,  i.  n.  s.  G7  (18.50).  Alis  anti- 
cis atbidis,  leviter  fusco-suffusis,  tinea  ])licre  lineaque  disci  pone  medium 
httesce)iHI)us,ntraque  punctis  duohus  niyris  notata,  basi  costiC;  punclo([ue 
prope  costam  ante  medium  fuscis.      Ex]).  al.  B.V  lin. 

Head  and  face  whitish-grey.  Palpi  pale  grey;  terminal  joint 
darker.  Antenn;c  whitish,  annulated  with  fuscous.  Anterior  wings 
whitish,  slightly  sujfused  with  pate  fuscous,  icith  a  yellowish  streak  on  the 
fold,  and  one  on  the  disc  beyond  the  middle ;  on  each  of  these  streaks  are 
two  black  spots ;  the  base  of  Ihe  costa  is  fuscous,  and  a  fuscous  spot 
lies  not  far  from  the  costa  before  the  middle  of  tlie  wing ;  cilia  yellow- 
ish-white.     Posterior  wings  greyish-white,  with  yellowish  cilia. 


138  UELECHID.E. 

Taken  l)y  Mr.  Stevens,  in  May,  on  the  coast  of  tlie  Isle  of 
Wight. 

02.  .sequaxj  Haw.  L.  B.  552  (1829);  Step.;  Dougi. — apicisfri- 
gella,  Dup.  ?  Alls  Mxticis,  fnscis,  fascia  obUqna  ante  medium,  ad  dorsum 
dilaiata  (introrsuin  costam  versus  nigro-squam;ita),/««ciflque  postica 
obsoleta  dilute  griseis,  punctis  duobus  disci  in  medio,  punctis  duobus 
ante  iasciain  posticam  (altero  dorsum  versus,  altero  trausversali  disci), 
liiieolaqiie  apicis  ni(jris.     Exp.  al.  G  lin. 

Head  and  face  Avhitish-grey.  I'alpi  wliitisli ;  terminal  joint  with 
two  blaclv  rings.  Antenna^  wliitisli,  amiulated  with  dark  fuscous. 
Anterior  wings  fuscous,  with  an-  oljlique  pale  grey  fascia  hefore  tJie  mid- 
dle, broadest  on,  the  inner  margin,  internally  with  some  black  scales  from 
the  costa  to  the  fold ;  towards  the  hinder  margin  is  a  rather  indistinct 
straight  pale  grey  fascia  ;  on  the  disc  in  the  micklle  are  two  small  bhick 
spots,  two  other  black  spots  (one  near  the  inner  margin,  the  other 
transversely  placed  on  the  disc)  precede  the  hinder  fascia ;  towards 
the  apex  is  a  sltort  blade  streak ;  cilia  greyish-fuscous.  Posterior  wings 
pale  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Occurs  at  Sanderstead  and  Arthur's  Scat,  in  July  and  August, 
among  ILelianthemnm  vulgare.  The  larva  (first  observed  by  Mr. 
Logan)  feeds  in  the  terminal  shoots  of  that  plant  in  May  and 
June. 

G3.  aleella,  Fab.  E.  S.  iii.  2.  317.  136  (1794);  ZoW—alternella, 
Hiib. ;  Step. — atterna,  Haw. — bicolorella,  Treit. ;  Dup.  xi.  pi.  298.  f.  4. 
Alls  anticis  niveis,  fascia  obliqna  ante  medium,  maculis  quatuor  (dua- 
bus  costa%  tcrtia  dorsi,  quarta  apicaUs),  punctis  disci,  marginisquc  pos- 
tici  iiigris.      Exp.  al.  (i  lin. 

Head  and  face  white.  Palpi  white ;  terminal  joint  with  two  black 
rings.  Antennae  wliitish,  annulated  with  black.  Anterior  wings  snowy- 
_^v  /  wliite,  witii  black  markings  ;  viz.  a  sligh^uterru])ted  striga  very  near  the 
•^ I  base,  an  obh(|ue  tascia  a  little  beyond,  a  triangvdar  spot  on  the  costa 

before  the  micklle,  a  small  round  spot  opposite  to  it  on  the  fold,  a  spot 
on  the  costa  beyond  the  middle,  a  laearly  triangular  spot  opposite  to  it 
on  the  inner  margin  (between  them  is  a  small  spot  on  the  disc),  a  large 
spot  towards  the  apex  of  the  wing,  and  several  small  spots  along  tiie 
liinder  margin  ;  cilia  grey.     Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Occurs  on  the  trunks  of  oaks  in  jMay  and  June,  at  \Vcst  \\^ick- 
haui  Wood  ;  not  common.  It  is  easily  seen  from  a  distance,  from 
the  strong  contrast  of  the  black  markings  on  a  white  ground. 

(Vk  leucatella,  Linn.  E.  S.  1441  (17fil);  Eab. ;  Hub.  Tin.  14G; 
Treit. ;  Step.  ;  Zeli. ;  ])up.  ? — leucatea.  Haw. — alt)Ocingi(lella,  Dup. 
Alis  anticis  nigricantibus,  punctis  scabris  atris,  fascia  lata  obliqua  ante 
medium,  maculisquc;  duabus  posticis  oppositis  albis.     l]xp.  al.  G.j  lin. 

Head  and  face  white.  Paljii  white;  terminal  joint  with  two  pale 
fuscous   rings.     Antenna^  black,  witii  Avhitisli  anmilations.     Anterior 


GF.IECHIA.  129 

wings  blackish,  with  a  broad  rather  oljliqiie  wliito  fascia  before  tlie 
iiii(ldh%  narrower  towards  the  costa,  and  with  two  opposite  white  s]iots 
(of  which  that  on  the  inner  margin  is  the  larger  and  slightly  posterior) 
towards  the  hinder  margin ;  on  the  fold  on  each  side  of  the  fascia  is  a 
raised  deep  black  sjiot,  and  a  third  is  a  little  above  the  fold  beyond  the 
middle ;  on  the  hinder  margin  and  apex  of  the  costa  are  some  minute 
black  spots;  cilia  dark  fuscous.  Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 
Frequents  liaAvthorn  liedges  in  June  and  July.  The  larva  (ac- 
cording to  Licm'p:)  feeds  in'  j\Iay  between  united  applc-leuvcs,  in  a 
felted  mass,  whicli  bears  a  resemblance  to  moss. 

65.  albiceps,  Zell.  Tsis,  I'^o!).  p.  203. — )iana,  llaw. — alcella.  Step. 
Alis  anticis  grisco-nigris,  puncto  cost.c  basali  albi(lo,/«5c/rt  odliq/iaante 
medium,  in  medio  atteuuata,  in  dorsum  valde  dilatata,  viacida  hi  medio 
costrp,  maculisque  poslkis  oppositis  per  liueani  in  fasciam  angulatani 
connexis  ulbis.     Exp.  al.  5-5^  lin. 

Head  and  face  white.  Palpi  white;  terminal  joint  with  two  black 
rings.  Antennaj  white,  annulated  with  black.  Anterior  wings  greyish- 
blaek,  with  a  small  whitish  spot  at  the  base  of  the  costa,  an,  oblique 
white  fascia  before  the  middle,  extremely  attenuated  on  the  fold,  but 
nmch  ex[)aiuled  on  the  inner  margin ;  on  the  Middle  of  the  coda  is  a 
white  spot;  and  beyond  arc  tico  opposite  white  spots,  connected  by  a 
slender  line,  so  as  to  form  an  angulatcd  fascia ;  beyond  this  is  an  irre- 
gular black  spot ;  several  black  spots  are  ou  the  disc,  but  indistinct 
t'rom  the  deep  ground-colour;  cilia  whitish,  with  some  fuscous  lines. 
Posterior  wings  grey,  with  greyish-fuscous  cilia. 

Occurs,  not  uncommonly,  on  fences  round  orchards  in  August . 

66.  nanella,  Iliib.  Tin.  267  (1812);  Zell.;  Dup. ;  \V.  V.  ?—««;/«, 
var.  ii.  Haw.  Alis  anticis  griseis,  fusco-pulveratis,  fascia  obliqua  propc 
basim,  maculis  duabus  cost;e  (altera  ante,  altera  pone  medium),  Uneis 
diiabiis  posticis  lonr/diidinalihus  disci,  punetisque  rotundis  plieam  versus, 
fere  connexis,  saturate  fuscis.     Exp.  al.  5,1  lin. 

Head  aiul  face  white,  mixed  with  grey.  Paljji  white;  terminal 
joint  with  two  dark  fuscous  rings.  Antenn<ic  white,  annulated  with 
black.  Anterior  wings  greyish,  jiowdered  with  fuscous,  with  several 
dark  fuscous  markings,  viz.  an  oblique  fascia  arising  on  the  costa  near 
the  base,  a  small  spot  on  the  costa  before  the  middle,  and  a  smaller 
spot  on  the  costa  beyond  the  middle ;  ou  the.  disc  is  a  short  louf/itadiiinl 
streak,  nearly  in  the  middle,  and  another  follows  beyond  the  middle,  two 
small  round  spots  lie  immediately  below  these  streaks ;  the  hinder 
margin  is  dark  fuscous ;  cilia  whitish,  with  some  fuscous  lines.  Pos- 
terior wings  pale  grey,  with  paler  greyish-fuscous  cilia. 

Not  uncommon  "in  orchards  in  July.  'J'he  larva  (detecied  by 
Mr.  Wing)  feeds  in  ]\lay  on  the  pear,  making  a  gallery  across  the 
flowers,  with  )u'cces  of  tlie  petals  and  stamens  inlcrwovni  w  itli 
silk. 


130 


GELECIIID/E. 


67.  MouflFetella,  W.  V.  140.  57  (1776);  Hiib.  Tin.  245  ;  Treit.; 
Step. ;  Dougl. ;  Linn.  ?  Fab.  ? — pundifcra,  Haw.  Alis  anticis  rufes- 
cente-cinereis,  lyunclh  duohts  conspicuis  ante  medium  (altero  plicfe,  altero 
posteriore  disci),  puuctisque  duobiis  approxinuitis  ohllque  posltis,  disci, 
pone  medium  nigris,  fascia  postica  dilutiore  angulata  valde  indistincta. 
Exp.  al.  8  lin. 

Head  and  face  pale  grey.  Palpi  grey,  beneath  darker ;  terminal 
joint  paler,  with  a  broad  fuscons  ring  before  the  apex.  Antenuffi  pale 
grey,  with  fuscous  annulations.  Anterior  wings  jnde  asl/y-greu,  with  a 
sliyJd  reddish  tinge,  with  some  indistinct  black  spots  towards  the  base, 
along  the  fold  and  along  the  subcostal  vein;  nearly  in  the  middle  of  the 
wing  are  two  conspicuous  hlnch  spots,  one  on  the  fold,  the  other,  rather 
posterior,  on  the  disc ;  beyond  the  middle  are  two  other  conspicuous  tjlack 
spots,  nearer  toe/ether,  t)nt  more  oljlirpiely  placed ;  beyond  them  may 
sometimes  be  seen  faint  indications  of  a  pale  angulated  fascia ;  some 
small  black  spots  are  on  the  hinder  margin  and  apex  of  the  costa ; 
cilia  greyish-fuscous.  Posterior  wings  grey,  with  greyish -fuscous 
cilia. 

Occurs  in  hedges  among  honeysuckle  in  June  and  July,  but 
not  frequently  met  witli.  The  larva  feeds  in  May,  between  united 
leaves  of  the  lioneysuckle,  forming  a  white  silken  web,  which  fits 
tightly  to  its  body. 

68.  dodecella,  Linn.  S.  N.  (10)  539.  274  (1758);  De  Geer ; 
Fab. ;  Zell. ;  Dougl. — annuUcornis,  Step. — -favillaticella,  Zell. — Reussi- 
ella,  Eatz.  Alis  anticis  griseis,  fasciis  quatuor  nebulosis  saturatioribus, 
punctis  scahris  tribns  pUc(c  majoribus,  tribus  disci  niinoribus  nigris.  Exp. 
al.  6^^  lin. 

Head  and  face  grey.  Palpi  grey  ;  terminal  joint  with  two  darker  fus- 
cous rings.  Antenute  grey,  annulated  with  dark  fuscous.  Anterior  Avings 
grei/,  with  four  darker  cloudy  fascia)  (one  at  the  base,  one  before,  another 
beyond  the  middle,  and  the  fourth  towards  the  hinder  margin)  ;  along 
tlie  fold  are  three  distinct  raised  black  spots,  and  on  the  disc  above  them 
are  three  others,  less  shai'ply  defined ;  between  the  third  and  fourth 
cloudy  dark  fascia  the  ground-colour  appears  as  a  pale  angulated  fascia  ; 
on  the  hinder  margin  and  apex  of  the  costa  are  some  short  black 
streaks  ;  cilia  grey.     Posterior  wings  greyish-fuscous,  with  paler  cilia. 

Very  common  among  Scotch  firs  {Finns  s^lvestris)  in  June  and 
July.  The  larva  feeds  in  May  in  the  terminal  shoots  of  those 
trees. 

69.  triparella,  Zell.  Isis,  1839.  p.  200;  V)u\i.'^—dodecea,  HaAv. 
— dodecella.  Step.  Alis  anticis  sordide  ochreis,  apice  fusco-nebulosis, 
nebulis  tribus  costa;  fuscis,  2^ii^ictis  sex  disci  iwr  paria  obliqua  dispositis 
nigris,  lascia  postica  dilutiore  angulata.     Exp.  al.  6^^  lin. 

Head  and  face  grcyish-ochreous.  Palpi  greyish-ochreous ;  terminal 
joint  ])alcr,  with  two  black  ring's.  Antennae  ochreous,  annulated  with 
dark  fuscous.    Anterior  wings  dingy -ochreous,  the  costa  with  three  cloudy 


ClELECHIA.  131 

fuscous  spots  (one  at  the  base,  the  sccoud  in  the  middle,  llie  third  be- 
yond the  middle) ;  along  the  disc  are  three  pairs  of  black  spots  (the  first 
not  far  from  the  base,  the  second  in  the  middle,  and  the  third  pair  be- 
yond the  middle)  ;  in  each  pair  the  lower  spot  is  posterior  to  the  upper 
spot ;  beyond  them  is  a  faint  angulatcd  i)ale  fascia  ;  the  a])ical  portion 
of  the  wing  is  rather  suffused  with  fuscous,  with  some  dark  fuscous 
spots  round  the  margin ;  cilia  pale  ochreous.  Posterior  wings  pale 
grey,  with  greyish-ochreous  cilia. 

Not  scarce  among  oaks  in  May  and  June.  The  larva  feetls  in 
August  and  September  between  united  oak-leaves,  fastening  them 
by  several  strong  silken  cables. 

70.  tenebrella,  Iliib.  Tin.  434  (ISlfi);  Treit. ;  Dup. ;  Zell. ; 
Dougl. — suhcuprella.  Step.  —  unicotoreHa,  Duj).  Alis  anticis  viridi- 
ceneis,  purpureo-liucfis,  antennis  unicoloribiis  fuscis.     Exp.  al.  54-  lin. 

Head  and  face  bronzy,  with  a  purplish  tint.  Palpi  bronzy.  An- 
tennae unannulated,  niiicolorous  fiiscovs.  Anterior  wings  unieolorous 
hrouzy-yreen,  xoith  more  or  less  of  a  purple  tint ;  cilia  fuscous.  Poste- 
rior wings  greyish,  with  paler  cilia. 

Conmion  on  dry  gravelly  and  sandy  banks  in  many  places,  in 
June. 

71.  tenebrosella  (1'.  v.  P.),  Zcll.  Lsis,  1839.  p.  201;  Dougl. 
Alis  anticis  viridl-fcueis,  purpurco-lmctiSy  antennis  fuscis  apice  albo. 
Exp.  al.  5  lin. 

Head  shining  bronzy,  with  a  slight  purplish  tint.  Face  and  paljji 
bronzy.  Antenna;  dar/i  fuscous,  uuannulatctl,  with  the  tip  while.  An- 
terior wings  unieolorous  shining  bro)i:i/-green,  icith  a  i^urple  tint ;  cilia 
fuscous.     Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  with  greyish  cilia. 

Less  common  than  ienchrclla,  but  frequenting  the  same  locali- 
ties in  June  and  July. 

72.  ligulella,  Zdl.  lsis,  1839,  p.  201  ;  Dougl. ;  W.  \' .^—ciucteUa, 
Linn.? — vorticelta, '6co\).?  Treit.?  Dup.? — alhistrigella,  Step.  Alis  an- 
ticis nigris,  basim  versus  vix  dilutioribus,  fascia  teiiui  vix  oblit^ua  alba 
pone  medium,  subtus  prater  maculam  costre  ininutam  evaaescente.  Exp. 
al.  G  lin. 

Head  dark  fuscous.  Pace  greyish-fuscous.  Palpi  pale  yellowish; 
terminal  joint  dark  fuscous,  with  a  whitish  line  on  each  side.  Antemuc 
white,  annulated  with  dark  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  black,  towards  the 
base  Itardtij  paler,  with  a  slender  white  fascia  beyond  the  middle,  j)laced 
rather  obliquely,  being  nearer  the  l)asc  on  the  inner  margin  ;  cilia  black- 
ish. Posterior  wings  grey,  with  greyish-fuscous  cilia.  On  the  under- 
side the  fascia  of  the  anterior  wings  only  appears  as  a  small  spot  on  the 
costa. 

Not  uncommon  in  flowery  meadows  in  June  aiul  July.  The 
larva  (according  to  Tischer)  feeds  between  united  leaves  of  Lotus 
corniculaius  in  May. 


'.1? 


133  CiELECHID.i;. 

73.  vorticella,  Zell.  Isis,  1839.  p.  201  ;  Dougl.  Alls  anticis  la- 
gris,  basim  versus  vix  dilutioribus,  fascia  fere  recta,  alba  pone  medium 
siiht us  prater  macntam  codec  m'mntam  evanescente.     Exp.  al.  5^-  lin.  • 

Head  dark  fuscous.  Face  grey.  Palpi  pale  yellowish  ;  terminal 
joint  fuscous,  with  a  white  line  on  each  side.  Antenntu  whitish,  anuu- 
lated  with  dark  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  black,  towards  the  base  liardty 
paler,  with  a  nearhj  straight  white  fascia  beyontl  the  middle,  broader  on 
the  costa  than  on  the  inner  margin ;  cilia  blackish.  Posterior  wings 
greyish-fuscous,  Avith  paler  cilia.  On  the  underside,  the  fascia  of  the 
anterior  wings  only  appears  as  a  small  spot  on  the  costa. 

Taken  near  Pembury  by  Mr.  Weir,  and  near  Epping  by  Mr. 
Donbleday,  in  June.  The  larva  (according  to  Zellcr)  feeds  in 
May  on  Genista  iincloria. 

7-i.  tseiaiolella  (Treit.),  Zell.  Isis,  1839.  p.  201 ;  Dougl.— c/«c- 
iella.  Step.  ?  Alis  anticis  nigris,  basim  versns  dilutioribus,  fascia  fere 
t"  C'  recta  alba  pone  medium,  suhlns  distincta  el  in  maculam  albidam  alarum 
poslicarum  co)ttinuata.     Exp.  al.  51  lin. 

Head  dark  fuscous.  Pace  greyish-fuscous.  Pal])i  pale  yellowish ; 
terminal  joint  dark  fuscous,  with  a  whitish  lino  on  each  side.  Antennae 
white,  annulated  with  dark  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  black,  towards 
the  base  rather  paler,  with  a  nearly  straight  whitish  fascia  beyond  the 
middle,  of  variable  breadth  ;  cilia  blackish.  Posterior  wings  dark  grey- 
ish-fuscous, with  paler  cilia.  On  the  underside,  the  fascia  of  the  ante- 
rior wings  is  distinct  throughout,  and  is  continued  as  a  whitish  spot  on 
the  posterior  wings. 

Commoner  than  either  of  the  preceding  in  chalky  ])laces ;  occurs 
at  Sanderstead  and  Mickleham,  in  July. 

75.  Sircomella,  n.  sp.  Alis  anticis  nigricantibus,  postice  atris, 
puncto  atro  pdicm  ante  viedimn;  antennis  in  dorso  toto-fuscis,  infra  albo- 
punctatis.     Exp.  al.  4^  lin. 

Head  and  face  dark  grey.  Palpi  fuscous,  internally  ashy.  Antennae 
entirely  hiscous  above,  beneath  spotted  with  white.  Anterior  wings 
(lark  greyish-fuscous,  posteriorly  shading  into  Hack,  with  a  Ijlack  spot  on 
the  fold  before  the  middle  of  the  wing;  ciha  dark  fuscous.  Posterior 
wings  greyish-fuscous,  with  paler  cilia. 

Two  specimens  in  Mr.  Vaughan's  collection,  taken  near  Bristol, 
in  June.  The  first  was  taken  by  Mr.  Sircom  (who  considered  it 
as  a  singular  variety  of  iceniolella). 

70.  immaculatella,  Dougl.  Ent.  Trans,  i.  n.  s.  G7  (1850).  Alis 
anticis  nitidis,  fusco-nigris,  pnncto  obsoleto  plicce,  punctoque  posteriore 
disci  saturatioribus.     Exp.  al.  5  lin. 

Head  and  face  greyish-brown.  Palpi  grey ;  terminal  joint  fuscous. 
Antcnnue  unannulated  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  shining  unicolorous 
fuscous-black  ("with  a  violet  tinge  when  alive,"  Dougl.  MS.),  with  a 
minute  nearly  obsolete  dark  spot  on  the  middle  of  the  fold,  and  another 


GELEC[{IA.  133 

jmslerlor  to  it  on  the  disc ;  cilia  ratluT  paler.     Posterior  wiiigs  wliitish- 
grey,  with  yellowish-grey  cilia. 

Unique  in  IMr.  l)ouglas^s  collection ;  taken  at  AW'st  A\  ickhain 
wood  iu  August,  18 19. 

77.  nigritella,  Zell.  Isis,  18  t7.  p.  857;  Dougl.  Alls  anticis  nn- 
gustidififtdiro-itigris,  macfdis  poslicis  oppositis  obsoletis  hdesccutibus,  cos- 
tali  obliqua  ac  postcriore,  puucto  iu  medio  plicae  minutissimo  lutescente  ; 
anteiniis  fnacis,  non  annidatis.     Exp.  al;  G  liu. 

Head  dark  fuscous.  Face  grey.  Palpi  grey  ;  terraiual  joiut  black. 
Antenna  wiicolorom  fuscous.  Auterior  wiugs  rather  uarro/o,  hlacldsh, 
icith  two  very  faint  yellowish  opposite  spots  beyond  the  middle,  oi"  which 
that  ou  the  costa  is  decidedly  posterior  aud  rather  oblique ;  about  the 
ceutr(!  of  the  fold  is  a  very  miuute  linear  yellowish  dot ;  cilia  greyish- 
fuscous.     Posterior  wiugs  pale  grey,  with  pale  fuscous  cilia. 

A  specimen,  of  the  capture  of  which  there  is  no  record,  is  iu 
Mr.  Doughis's  collection. 

78.  Coronillella  (Tischer),  Treit.  E.  S.  ix.  2.  87.  1833;  Dup. ; 
Dougl.  Alls  anticis  fusco-niyris,  postiee  niyris,  macidis  posticis  parvis 
oppositis  costali  uiajore  vix  postcriore  albidis ;  antennis  albidis  fusco-an- 
nulatis.     Ex)).  al.  5?r  liu. 

Head  dark  fuscous.  Face  pale  grey.  Palpi  grey  ;  teriuiiial  joint 
dark  fuscous,  with  a  white  line  ou  each  side.  Antenna  whitish,  annu- 
lated  icith  black.  Auterior  wiugs  fuscous-black,  posteriorly  darker ; 
beyoud  the  middle  are  two  small  whitish  opposite  spots,  of  which  that 
ou  the  costa  is  the  larger  aud  sUyhlhj  posterior ;  cilia  fuscous.  Poste- 
rior wings  unusually  broad,  greyish-fuscous,  with  pahu'  cilia. 

Not  common;  occurs  at  Mickleham  in  June  and  July.  The 
larva  (according  to  Tischer)  feeds  between  united  leaves  of  Coro- 
iiillu,  varla, 

79.  Anthyllidella,  lliib.  Tin.  330  (ISIG);  Zell.;  Dup.;  Dougl. 
Alls  anticis  uigris,  puncto  minuto,  intcrduui  obsolete,  in  medio  plicce, 
punctis  posticis  oppositis  (costali  majorc  ac  postcriore)  JlavescoUibus  ; 
anteiuiis  iu  dorso  toto-fuscis,  infra  albo-punctatis.     Exp.  al.  5.\  liu. 

Head  dark  fuscous.  Face  grey.  Palpi  grey ;  tcruunal  joiut  dark 
fuscous,  with  a  white  line  ou  each  side.  Auteun;c  entirely  fuscous 
above,  beueath  spotted  with  whitish  ;  the  basal  joint  beneath  with  a 
white  streak.  Anterior  wiugs  black,  with  a  minute  yellow  fipot  on  the 
middle  of  the  fold  (frequently  almost  obsolete),  and  beyond  the  middle 
are  two  yellow  opposite  spots,  that  ou  the  inner  margin  being  very  in- 
distinct, that  ou  the  costa  larger  and  rather  posterior  ;  cilia  dark  fus- 
cous.    Posterior  wings  grey,  with  greyish-fuscous  cilia. 

Common  in  May  and  August  among  several  papilioiuiceous 
plants.  The  larva  feeds  in  A})ril  aud  July  in  a  turned-down  leaf, 
which  it  eats  half  through,  i  have  found  it  on  Onoljrijchis,  An- 
thjllis,  aud  purple  clover. 


134  GELf:CHID/E. 

80.  atrella,  Haw.  L.  B.  567  (1829);  Dougl. ;  Schr.  ?  Alis  au- 
ticis  nitidis,  saturate  fuscis,  viaculis  poslicis  oppositis  (costali  posteriore) 
hiteis ;  antennis  fuscis  obsolete  dilutius  annulatis.     Exp.  al.  5-5-o-  lin. 

Head  dark  fuscous.  Face  pale  grey.  Palpi  yellowish.  Antennas 
fuscous,  with  hardly  perceptible  paler  annulations.  Anterior  wings 
shini)i(/,  dark  fuscous,  with  two  i/ellowish  spots  hci/oncl  the  middle,  one  on 
the  inner  margin  at  the  anal  angle,  the  other  beyond  it  on  the  costa ; 
cilia  fuscous.     Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  with  greyish-ochreous  cilia. 

Occurs  in  various  localities  in  July ;  generally  among  furze- 
buslics. 

81.  bifractella  (Mann),  Dougl.  Ent.  Trans,  i.  n.  s.  G6  (18.50). 
Alis  anticis  Icete  britnneis,  macula  dorsali  prope  basim,  striola  plicae  xdlq- 
CiiKi:,  fasciaque  postica  valde  dentuta,  aurantils,  punctis  duobus  in  striola 
plica?  saturate  fuscis;  ccq)ite,fronte,  paJjnsque  anruutiis.  Exp.  al.  4J- 
^  lin. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  orange.  Antennaj  fuscous,  with  hardly  percep- 
tible paler  annulations.  Anterior  wings  hrotvn,  with  a  spot  on  the 
inner  margin  near  the  base,  a  streak  in  the  middle  of  the  fold,  and  a 
much  indented  fascia  towards  the  hinder  margin  orange ;  in  the  streak 
on  the  fold  are  two  minute  dark  fuscous  spots ;  cilia  greyish-brown. 
Posterior  wings  fuscous,  with  paler  cilia. 

Not  scarce  in  July  and  August  among  Inula  dj/senterica  and 
Comjza  sriuarrosa.  The  larva  feeds  during  the  winter  in  the  seeds 
of  those  plants,  agglomerating  them  by  some  glutinous  secretion, 
and  preventing  them  from  falling. 

83.  sulfusella,  Dougl.  Ent.  Trans,  i.  n.  s.  CI  (1850).  Alis  anti- 
cis alhido-ochrcis,  postice  saturatioribus,  punclo  minuto  costa  pone  me- 
dium, pnmctoqne  posteriore  disci,  suhelevatis  nigris.     Exp.  al.  6  lin. 

Head  and  face  whitish.  Palpi  whitish ;  terminal  joint  with  a  dark 
fuscous  ring  before  the  apex.  Antenna?  whitish,  annulated  with  fus- 
cous. Anterior  wings  ichitish-ochreons,  posteriorly  darker,  ioith  a  small 
Mack  spot  on  the  costa  at  the  commencement  of  the  cilia,  and  one  rather 
posterior  to  it  on  the  disc  {both,  but  particularly  the  costal  spot,  slightly 
raised) ;  ciHa  whitish-ochreous.  Posterior  wings  greyish-white,  with 
pale  ochreous  cilia. 

Occurs  in  the  Cambridgeshire  fens  in  June. 

83.  lucidella.  Step.  11.  iv.  231  (1834);  Curt.;  Dougl.  Alis  an- 
ticis ochreis,  prcder  spatium.  oblongum  supra  angulurn  analem,  hrunneo- 
suffnsis,  puucto  postico  saturate  fusco.     Exp.  al.  63-  lin. 

Head  and  face  brown.  Palpi  ochreous ;  terminal  joint  fuscous. 
Antciuia;  fuscous,  with  hardly  perceptible  pale  annulations.  Anterior 
wings  dark  ochreous,  su[j'nsed,with  the  exception  of  an  oblong  patch  above 
the  anal  angle,  with  brown ;  at  the  hinder  end  of  this  oblong  patch  is  a 
dark  fuscous  or  black  spot ;  cilia  varied  ochreous  and  brown,  at  the 
anal  angle  greyish-ochreous.     Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 


OELF.CHTA.  135 

Appears  in  'U\\y,  frecmciitiiig  wrt  places,  such  as  the  llaininer- 
smith  marshes. 

84.  lutulentella,  Zcll.  Tsis,  1839.  p.  201 ;  Dougl.  Alis  anticis 
unicolorlljns  ochreo-hnoDieis,  punclo  poslico  disci  fitsco.      Exp.  al.  8  Hn, 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  oclircous-browii.  Antenna)  fuscous,  with 
hardly  perceptible  paler  annulations.  Anterior  wings  miicolorous  ochrc- 
om-broioi,  with  a  micdl  fiiscoun  spot  on  the  disc  alcove  the  anal  an/jte ; 
cilia  brownish-ochreous.  Posterior  wings  wbitisli,  with  dark  ochreous 
cilia. 

Three  speciinens  have  occurred;  one  I  took  at  11am  Common, 
and  another  at  Dartford  Heath,  in  July;  iMr.  A.  Hill  met  with 
one  near  Bristol. 

So.  cerealella,  Oliv.  Encycl.  ]\[ethod.  Ent.  i.  p.  121  (1789); 
Lara. ;  Dup. ;  Dougl.  Alis  anticis  angustis  acmninatis,  ohscnre  ochreis, 
postice  saturutioribns,  punctis  nonnuUis  indistiuctis  phetc  fuscis.  Exp. 
al.  C)\  lin. 

Head  and  face  whitish.  Palpi  pale  yellowish;  terminal  joint  with 
a  fuscous  ring  before  the  apex.  Antemuc  whitish,  annulated  with  fus- 
cous. Anterior  wings  narroio,  pointed,  dull  ochreous,  posteriori ij  a  Utile 
darker,  with  some  indistinct  fuscous  spots  on  the  fold;  cilia  ochreous. 
Posterior  wings  grey,  with  greyisb-ochreous  cilia. 

Several  specimens  were  bred  last  summer  by  ]\Ir.  Scott ;  pre- 
viously the  insect  had  been  extremely  rare  Tvith  us.  The  larva 
(according  to  Eeaumur)  feeds  in  winter  in  the  interior  of  grains 
of  barley  and  wheat,  preferring  the  form(n',  and,  forming  its  cocoon 
within  the  grain,  there  assumes  the  pupa  state. 

86.  nigricostella  (F.  v.  P.),  Dup.  L.  E.  Sup.  iv.  288.  pi.  7-1.  f.  9 
(1812);  Dougl.  Alis  anticis  angustulis /«^m,  jo//c«  et  disco  aurantio- 
sulfiisis,  costa  usque  pone  medium,  apice,  plugis  daahus  dorsi  (altera  ante 
medium,  altera  ad  augulum  ixnnXcWi)  saturate  fuscis,  punctis  tribus  (})rirao 
prope  basim,  seeundo  medio  prope  costara,  tcrtio  posteriorc  propc  dor- 
sum) nifjris.     Exp.  al.  5  lin. 

Head  and  face  yellowish.  I'alpi  yellowish  ;  terminal  joint  with  two 
black  rings.  Antenna;  yellowish,  annulated  with  dark  fuscous.  An- 
terior wings  rather  narrow,  yellow,  tinged  with  orange  along  the  fold  and, 
on  the  disc  ;  the  costa  to  beyo)id  the  middle,  the  apex,  and  two  spots  on  the 
inner  margin  (one  before  the  middle,  the  other  at  the  anal  angle)  are 
dark  fuscous ;  near  the  base  is  a  small  black  spot,  a  second  lies  near 
the  middle  of  the  costa,  and  a  third  above  the  anal  angle  ;  ciha  yel- 
lowish.    Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  with  yellowish  cilia. 

Taken  by  ]\Ir.  E.  Shepherd,  at  AVicken  Een,  Cambridgesliire, 
at  the  end  of  June. 

87.  gemmella,  Linn.  F.  S.  1388  (1701) ;  Id.  S.  N.?— w/rm.  Haw. 
— nivella,  Step. — nigroviltella,  Dup.  L.  E.  xi.  pi.  298.  f.  5. — lepidella, 


130  fiELECHTD.?-:. 

Zell.  Alis  anticis  nihidls,  fnsco-vnricgnfis,  inaculis  tribus  parvis  costfc, 
(juatiior  dorsi  fuscis,  macula  tertia  dorsi  mluratiore,  scppe  cum  krtla  costa 
infanciam  connexa.     Exp.  al.  5^  lin. 

Head  and  face  white.  Pal):)i  white ;  terminal  joint  with  two  black 
rings.  Antennae  white,  annulated  with  black.  Anterior  wings  whitish, 
with  nHme?'0!is  irrecjularhj-formed  fuscous  spots,  of  whicli  three  are  on 
the  costa  (one  at  the  base,  one  before,  and  the  other  beyond  the  mid- 
dle), and  four  are  on  the  inner  margin  (one  at  the  base,  very  small,  a 
second  before  the  middle,  a  third  darker  in  the  middle,  reach  in ff  more 
than  half  across  the  winrj,  and  frequentl>j  unitin()  with  the  third  costal 
spot  to  form  an  oblique  fascia,  the  fourth  is  at  the  anal  angle)  ;  cilia 
white,  with  some  dark  fuscous  lines.  Posterior  wings  grey,  with  grey- 
ish-ochreous  cilia. 

Occasionally  met  with  in  mixed  hedges  in  July  and  August, 
but  not  common. 

It  is  doubtful  whether  the  gemmeJJa  of  the  '  Systema  Natura ' 
be  identical  with  that  of  the  'Fauna  Suecica/  and  as  the  "Habitat 
infra  Quercus  folia  suhcutanea  "  appears  in  the  former,  from  which 
it  is  copied,  with  the  Diagnosis,  in  the  'Fauna  Suecica,^  it  may 
be  that  the  larva  of  this  species  does  not  mine  in  oak-leaves. 
The  inference  to  be  drawn  from  the  specimen  and  pujin-skin  in 
the  liiiniean  Cabinet,  is  that  Linua3us  was  acquainted  with  the 
halAtat  of  the  larva. 

88.  nseviferella  (Zell),  Dup.  L.  F.  Sup.  iv.  455.  pi.  85,  f.  4 
^f-IF  (1842);  Dougl.—AwocMZrt,  Haw.?  Step.?— H«".sw//ff,  Haw.?  Alis 
,, /,/  anticis  nigricantibus,  fascia  media  obscura  saturatiore,  puncto  plicae 
'^      C          pone  medium,  triaugulo  parvo  dorsi  ad  angulum  analem,  trianguloque 

costa3  posteriore  anreis.     Exp.  al.  4-4^  lin. 

Head  and  face  bronzy-grey.  Palpi  dark  fuscous.  Antennfe  fuscous, 
with  hardly  perceptible  paler  annulations.  Anterior  wings  shining 
dark  bronzy-grey,  inclining  to  black,  with  three  small  golden-yellow 
spots  (one  on  the  fold  l)cyond  the  middle,  one  rather  triangular  at  the 
anal  angle,  and  a  larger  triangular  spot  posterior  to  it  on  the  costa ; 
below  this  latter  a  very  snuill  golden-yellow  spot  is  sometimes  per- 
ceptible) ;  cilia  bronzy-grey,  with  the  tips  paler.  Posterior  wings  grey, 
with  paler  cilia. 

Not  uncommon  in  waste  places  where  Atrljilex  and  Chenojio- 
(llum  grow,  appearing  in  May  and  August;  line  specimens  are 
rarely  met  with  in  the  perfect  state.  The  larva  mines,  in  June 
and  October,  in  the  leaves  of  the  Atriplcx  and  CJienopodium,  pre- 
ferring those  growing  in  sheltered  places ;  hence  it  is  very  partial 
to  those  plants  growing  in  stubble-fields,  where,  before  the  corn 
was  cut,  it  was  completely  sheltered;  the  places  mined  by  it  be- 
come white. 

89.  Hermamiella,  Fab.  S.   I.  ii.  509  (1781);    Treit. ;   Dup.; 


GKLKCIIIA.  137 

Zc[\. —Sc/i^fereUa,  Don.  ;  Step.  ;  Vah.  ?—Zi)/ch'f'Ua,  lliib.  Tin.  1".  401, 
40.2  ;  Step.  ?  Alis  aiiticLs  riitn-;uirautii,s,  hasi  et  luargiiic  postieo  nif>Tis, 
fiiscia  ante  niediiim,  ntriiiquc  iiigro-Hiarij;inatn,  striiscpic  tribus  po.sticis 
lonii^itiidinalibus  argontcis.     Exp.  al.  4-4 i  lin. 

Head  and  faec  bronzy-gi'oy.  I'alpi  yellow;  tip  of  tlic  terminal  joint 
fuscous.  Anteunte  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  reddish-orange,  with  the 
base  black ;  a  short  ol)li(jue  streak  on  the  costa  near  the  base,  and  a 
small  spot  near  the  inner  margin  are  silvery;  before  the  middle  is  an 
oblicpie  silvery  fascia,  slightly  margined  with  black;  beyond  the  middle 
are  three  short  longitudinal  silvery  streaks  (one  on  the  fold,  one  on  the 
disc,  and  one  on  the  costa);  on. the  costa  before  the  apex  is  a  short 
oblique  silvery  streak,  and  some  silvery  scales  are  perceptible  at  the 
anal  angle  and  along  the  hinder  nuu-gin,  the  remainder  of  the  hinder 
margin  being  black  ;  cilia  dark  fuscous.  Posterior  wings  greyish-violet, 
with  [)aler  cilia. 

round  at  the  same  times  aiul  in  the  .same  places  as  tlie  h^s(. 
Tlie  larva  likewise  mines  the  leaves  of  the  same  jjlant,  but  the 
mined  place  is  dirf_y  (ireenish,  with  a  mottled  ap[)earance.      (The 
assertion  that  this  larva  afterwards  constructs  a  case  of  the  bios-        .        , 
som,  iu  the) '  Entomologists'  Companion/  pp.  G3  and  OG,  is  in-      ^     '       '^ 
correct.)      ^  %   H^ 

90.  pictella,  Zell.  Tsis,  1839.  p.  202  ;  Dougl.  A.lis  anticis  nitidis, 
saturate  bruiuieis,  strigulis  duabus  oblicpiis  co.stEie,  fascia  postica,  puue- 
iisque  marginis  postici  argentcis  ;  capite  palpisipie  albis;  antoinis  fiis- 
cis,  apice  albo.     Exp.  al.  5  lin. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  whitish,  kwicwwi^  fnacona,  with  paler  annula- 
tions,  the  tip  (niilrdy  vhile.  Anterior  wings  shining  dark  brown,  with 
two  obli(|uc  silvery  streaks  from  the  costa,  not  reaching  beyond  the 
fold,  an  oblique  silvery  fascia  towjirds  the  apex,  and  some  silvery  spots 
along  the  hinder  margin  ;  cilia  fuscous.  Posterior  wings  whitish,  with 
greyish  cilia. 

This  pretty  species  apjjcars  in  May  and  August;  it  has  been 
met  with  at  Southend  (in  Essex),  ami  on  Jiarnes  Common. 

91.  Brizella  (Tischcr),  Trcit.  E.  S.  ix.  2.  173  (1S33);  Dup.  L.  F. 
xi.  \A.  306.  f.  T) ;  Dougl.  Alis  anticis  Havidis,  costam  ct  marginem 
posticum  versus  brunncscentibus,  strigis  quatuor  angulatis  ante  dorsum 
cvanescentibus  argentcis,  punctis  duobus  disci  nigris.      i'lxp.  al.  B.j  lin. 

Head  and  face  ochreous,  mixed  with  brownish.  W\\\)\  pale  oehreous  ; 
second  joint  with  two  black  rings;  the  third  with  the  base  and  two 
rings  black.  Antemue  whitish,  aunulatcd  with  dark  fuscous.  xVnterior 
wings  yellowish-grey,  with  the  costa  and  hinder  margin  brownish ;  on 
the  costa  are  four  silvery  streaks  sloping  oblicpiely  outwards,  and  nearly 
meeting  some  silvery  scales  on  tlie  inner  margin,  with  which  they  would 
form  angulated  strigjt ;  a  black  s|)ot  lies  in  the  middle  of  the  fold,  and 
another  is  on  the  disc  beyond  the  middle,  a  smaller  one  is  sometimes 

VOL.   IJI.  T 


(38  OELECHlU.f;. 

perceptible  on  the  inner  margin  at  the  end  of  the  fold  ;  in  the  dark 
hinder  margin  and  apex  of  the  costa  are  several  silvery  streaks ;  cilia 
pale  greyish-fuscons,  intersected  by  two  dark  fnscous  lines.  Posterior 
wings  greyish-fuscous,  with  paler  cilia. 

Appears  in  (jMay?  and)  August;  occurs  on  the  coast  among 
Sfa/ice  AriDer'ia  at  Southend  and  Brighton.  The  hirva  feeding  in 
autinnn  in  tlic  stems  beneath  the  flower-heads  of  the  Statlce. 

92.  ericinella,  Dup.  L.  F.  xi.  4')7.  pi.  306.  f.  1,  2  (1838);  Zell. 
— uticdla,  lliib. ;  Treit.  Alis  anticis  ntjis,  costa  fusca,  strigula  costa3 
basali,  strigis  duabus  oblicpiis  secunda  cum  striga  recta  ad  dorsum  cou- 
nexa  viridi-argentcis,  maeulis  posticis  oppositis  (costali  distiuctiore) 
puuctis  margiiiis  postici  lutco-argentcis.     Exp.  al.  6  liu. 

Head  and  face  grey.  Palpi  fuscous  ;  terminal  joint  yellowish,  with 
two  brown  rings.  Antennre  yellowish,  annulated  with  fuscous.  An- 
terior wings  n'dJkh-broioi,  darker  towards  the  costa,  with  a  short  streak 
at  the  base  of  the  costa,  a)id  two  oblicpie  strigre  (the  second  meeting  a 
straight  one  on  the  imier  margin)  silvery-green ;  before  the  apex  are 
two  silvery  yellow  opposite  spots  which  nearly  meet  (that  on  the  costa 
is  the  more  distinct) ;  along  the  hinder  margin  are  several  small  spots 
silvery-yellow ;  cilia  fuscous.     Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Abundant  on  heaths  in  the  south  of  England,  in  July.  The 
larva  must  feed  on  lieath  in  June,  Mr.  Douglas  having  bred  the 
insect  from  a  bunch  of  blooming  heath  he  had  gathered. 

93.  paixpellaj  Zell.  Isis,  181-7.  p.  S.jS  ;  Dougl.  Alis  anticis  albis, 
stria  propc  costani,  striaque  plictx}  a  basi  fere  us(pie  ad  medium  luteis, 
stria  disci  pone  medium,  stria  postica  externe  fusco-raargiuata  luteis. 
Exp.  al.  5i  liu. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  whitish.  Antennae  whitish,  annulated  with 
fuscous.  Anterior  wings  white,  with -a  fine  yellow  streak  from  the  base 
near  the  costa,  and  a  second  fro.n  the  base  along  the  fold,  neither  of 
these  reaches  the  middle  of  the  wing;  a  tliird  yellow  streak  lies  on  the 
disc  beyond  the  middle,  and  a  fourth  externally  with  some  fuscous  scales 
lies  near  the  hinder  margin ;  cilia  whitish,  with  some  iuscous  scales 
round  the  apex  of  the  wing.  Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  with  yellowish- 
grey  cilia. 

A  single  sjiecimen  in  Mr.  Douglas's  collection,  taken  by  hiin  at 
Kolkstone,  in  July. 

94.  inopella,  Zell.  Tsis,  1839.  p.  201;  ViowgX.  — InuleUa,  Cmt. 
Alis  anticis  albidis,  lineis  disci,  strigulaque  obliqua  ante  apicera  ochra- 
ccis.      E\]).  al.   l.V-5  lin. 

Head,  i'ace,  and  palpi  whitish.  Antenna)  whitish,  annulated  with 
fuscous.  Anterior  wings  wdiitish,  with  several  fmo  streaks  on  the  disc, 
and  a  broader  transverse  one  before  the  apex  dirly  ochreous  ;  cilia 
whitish,  with  a  dark  fuscous  line.  Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  with 
greyish-oehreous  cilia. 


PAKASIA.  loV) 

A  scarce  species;  ap[)c:\rs  in  Juih;  ami  Jnlv  among  Inula  di/seii- 
terica  ;  has  occuri'cd  at  Folkstonc  ami  near  Bristol.  ISeveral  s[)e- 
cimens  have  been  bred  from  the  llowcr-heads  of  the  litulu,  gathered 
during  the  winter. 

95.  subccellea,  Step.  11.   iv.  '211  (ISSt);   Dougl. —  ink'niella,  . 

Licuig.     Alls  aulicis  albis,  dorso  tusco,  costa  apiceque  I'asco-nebulosis,     (Pt  .  IAl. 
maculis  duabus  loiigis  pvopc  angulmn  aualcm,  liii(;is(pic  oppositis  ob- 
Hfpiis  ante  apicom  saturate  fuseis,  piiurlo  (qnci^  suboceUalo  unjro.     Exp.     S      '^~'- 
al.  .0-5. 2  hn. 

Head  and  face  white.  Palpi  white,  hoiieatli  fiisceseciit.  Antemue 
fuscous.  Anterior  wings  white,  with  the  inner  margin  fuscous,  and 
the  costa  and  ajjex  of  the  wing  mon;  or  less  clouded  with  fuscous ;  near 
the  anal  angle  are  two  elongate  dark  fuscous  spots,  and  ijcfore  the  ajjex: 
are  two  oblique  opposite  dark  fuscous  lines;  al  llic  I'.iircuw  apex  is  a 
black  spot,  JolloKi'd  bij  lieu  (lurk  lii/cs  lit  the  whillsJi  cilia.  Posterior 
wings  pale  grey,  with  greyish-ochreous  cilia. 

Common  among  mai'joram  {(Jnijanum  rvh/arc)  in  July.  'I'lic 
singidar  larva  was  first  detected  by  Mr.  Jordan,  in  August,  feeding 
on  the  ilowers  of  the  Oriipiiiniii,  and  constructing  a  case  of  Iho 
blossom,  hence  very  diHicult  to  distinguish  from  tlu;  blossoms  when 
in  its  young  state;  as  it  increases  in  size,  it  enlarges  its  ease  by 
the  addition  of  other  ilowers,  till  by  the  middle  of  winter  its  case 
will  be  found  to  consist  of  four  or  live  Ilowers,  inserted  o\w  in  an- 
other; it  is  then  easily  detected  on  the  dry  llowcr-heads  by  those 
Avho  have  had  a  little  practice.  The  case  has  not  the  complete 
finish  of  a  ColeopJtora  case. 

How  many  similar  instances  of  wonderful  coidrivanee,  lo  ensure, 
concealment,  may  yet  remain  undiscovered  ! 


Genus  IX.     PAR  ASIA.    (pf.T^T.  L 


C-'— 


1*A1!AS1A,  Pup.  Cat.  350  (IS  II).      JU'CHrcaria  p.,  Ibiw.      ClcoJora  p., 
Stej).      Gclcchia  p.,  Zell. 

(.'apilli  depress!.  Ocelli  mdli.  Anlemuc  articulis  confertis,  vix  denti- 
cidatis.  Haustellum  mediocre,  scpianiatuni.  Palpi  maxilhu'cs  hre- 
vissimi.  Palpi  lal)ialcs  uicdiocres,  rellcxi,  arliculo  secundo  longo 
SfiiiaiiiiH  apprcssi-s,  leiiio  hrcci  nqiiamis  appreasi-s,  ipso  apicc  hrci  acioiii- 
nato.  Ala)  antcriorcs  clongata-,  postcriorcs  trapczoidales  ante  apieem 
profunde  emar(jinaUp,  longe  (uliat;e  ;  anteriores  :  vena  apiealis  IrijiJa, 
infra  cam  venie  qualaor  e  cellula  discoidali ;  j)osteriores  :  vena  ajjieu- 
lis  sinq)lcx  hi  apieem-  cj'il,  infra  earn  ven;e  du;e  e  vennla  transversa, 
ccUula  costalis  anle  viediiad  dcnijieiile. 
Head  smooth.     Ocelli  none.     Antenna'  with  the  joints  thickly  set, 


140  GELECHIDiE. 

h.irdly  denticulate.  Tongue  of  moderate  length,  clothed  with  scales. 
Maxillary  palpi  very  short.  Laljial  palpi  of  niotlerate  length,  reflexed ; 
the  second  joint  long,  toUh  appressed  scales ;  the  third  joint  short,  tvith 
appressed  scales,  the  extreme  apex  only  being  smooth  and  pointed.  Ante- 
rior wings  elongate ;  posterior  wings  trapezoidal,  deeply  emaryinate  be- 
low the  apex,  with  long  cilia.  In  the  anterior  wings  the  apical  vein  is 
trijid,  two  branches  running  into  the  costa  and  one  into  the  hinder 
margin,  below  it  are  four  veins  from  the  discoidal  cell.  In  the  pos- 
terior wings  the  simple  apical  vein  terminates  in  the  prolonged  apex ; 
below  it  are  two  veins  from  the  transverse  vein ;  the  costal  cell  termi- 
nates before  the  middle  of  the  wing. 

But  few  species  (only  four  British)  are  yet  known  in  this 
genus  ;  but  from  the  extremely  retired  habits  of  the  ])erfect  in- 
sects of  those  that  have  been  met  with^  it  is  by  no  means  impro- 
bable that  several  otlier  species  may  hereafter  be  detected.  Pa- 
rasia  Lappella  was  a  rarity,  and  but  in  few  collections,  and  had  been 
bred  by  no  English  collector,  at  the  time  that  the  authoress  of  the 
'  Episodes  of  Insect  Life '  published  a  notice  of  the  habits  of  the 
larva.  Parasia  CarfineUa  was  ent'irelij  ntil-iiown  till  Mr.  Douglas 
bred  it  in  ahnndance  from  the  heads  of  Curllna  vulgaris,  gathered 
at  Eolkstonc,  in  December. 

The  mode  of  feeding  of  the  larvse  of  these  species  is  very  dif- 
ferent; both  feed,  it  is  true,  in  the  heads  of  Composite  plants, 
but  that  of  Lajipella  feeds  on  Arctiuvi  Lappa,  eating  through  the 
seeds  (precisely  resembling  in  habit  tlie  larva  of  GeJechia  h'lfrac- 
tella),  whereas  the  larva  of  CarlineUa,  feeding  in  Carlina  vulgaris, 
leaves  the  seeds  untouched  and  devours  the  receptacle  below  the 
seeds.  The  habits  of  the  larva3  of  P.  Metzneriella  and  neuroptella 
are  not  yet  known. 

rr^-TTT-  I.  Lappella,  Linn.  S.  N.  (10)  537.  260  (1758);  Fab.;  Loew, 

^;—  E.  Z.  ISH.  pi  i.  f.  19-21.  1842.  p.  257;  Zell.  E.  Z.  1842.  p.  259; 
^  '^  Dougl. — silacea.  Haw. ;  Curt. — ■silacella,  Step. — astivella,  Zell.  Isis, 
1839.  Alis  anticis  ochreis,  macula  ol)longa  costfe  basali,  macula  parva 
ante,  maculaque  pone  medium  cost.!?,  brunneis,  margine  postico  brun- 
neo-sufi"uso,  venis  nonnullis  griseis,  punctis  tribus  disci  nigris.  Exp.  al. 
8  hn. 

Head  and  face  ochreous.  Palpi  pale  ochrcous,  beneath  darker.  An- 
tenntc  fuscous,  with  darker  annulations.  Anterior  wings  ochreous,  with 
a  long  patch  at  the  base  of  the  costa,  a  small  spot  on  the  costa  before 
and  one  beyond  the  middle,  brownish ;  the  hinder  margin  is  suifused 
with  pale  brownish;  severed  of  the  veins  appear  grey ;  on  the  disc  are 
three  blacli-  spots  (one  on  the  fold  before  the  middle,  one  beyond  it  nearer 
the  costa,  and  one  at  the  end  of  the  discoidal  cell) ;  cilia  pale  ochreous, 
darker  near  the  hinder  margin.  Posterior  wings  grey,  with  ochreous- 
grey  cilia. 


I'.VKASIA.  14-1 

The  perfect  insect  appears  in  June  and  July,  hut  is  rarely  inel 
with.  The  larva  is  abundant  in  the  seeds  of  burdock  {Arciuim 
Lappa)  in  the  autumn  and  winter. 

2.  Metzneriella  (Dougl.),  Bta.  yuj).  Cat.  j).  5  (185T). — paucl- 
punctdla,  Dougl. — silacea,  var.  /3.  Haw.  Alls  anticis  acumhndis  snb- 
falcatis  dilute  ochrcis,  costa  luargiiicciuc  ])()stico  riisco-brunueove  suf- 
fusis,  vetiis  owaibi/s  f/riiscis,  pancli-s  (ril/iis  disci  nif/rln.     Va\\).  al.  7  liu. 

Head  and  face  pale  ochrcous.  I'alpi  pale  ochrcous,  beneath  darker. 
Antenna?  pale  fuscous,  with  darker  annulations.  Anterior  wings  narrow, 
pointed,  somewhat  falcate,  pale  ochrcous,  suflused  with  brownish  along 
the  costa  and  hinder  margin,  tell//  all  l/w  vi'Iiih  (jrcij,  and  with  three  black 
spots  on  the  disc  (one  on  the  fold  a  little  before  the  middle,  the  second 
beyond  it  towards  the  costa,  and  the  third  at  the  end  of  the  discoirlal 
cell) ;  before  the  dark  hinder  margin  the  pale  ground-colour  ajipears  as 
an  oblique  fascia;  cilia  pale  ochrcous,  darker  near  the  hinder  margin. 
Posterior  wings  grey,  with  greyish-ochreous  cilia. 

Scarce,  the  food  of  the  larva  not  having  been  detected ;  occurs 
at  Charlton,  ]\lickleham,  etc.,  in  July  and  August. 

3.  Carlinella  (Dougl.),  Sta.  Sup.  Cat.  p.  5  (D^51);  Dougl.    Alis  ^^  ~^ 
anticis  dilute  oc/treis,  costa  late  margineque  postico  fulvo-sulfusis,  dorso        <r^-l^ 
et  fascia  postica  ohliqua  non  suffusis,  veuis  nonnullis  f/riseo-squainatis.     ^ 

Exp.  al.  6-Gi  lin.  >?f.^\?.  \V 

Head  and  face  pale  ochrcous.  Palpi  pale  ochrcous,  beneath  dark  ochre-  ' 

ons.  Antenna;  brown,  with  pale  ochreous  annulations.  Aritcrior  wings 
pale  ochreous,  suffused  with  fulvous  along  the  costa  and  hinder  margin; 
Ijcfore  the  latter  the  paler  ground-colour  of  the  wings  forms  an  oOliqne 
fascia ;  many  of  the  veins  are  indicated  hy  (jreijish  scales ;  cilia  pale 
ochreous,  with  the  tips  and  a  line  near  the  hinder  margin  fulvous. 
Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

The  perfect  insect  lias  been  but  rarely  met  with ;  it  ap})ears  in 
July  and  August.  The  larva  feeds  during  the  wilder  in  the  re- 
ceptacle of  Carllna  vuhjaris,  and  is  very  plentiful  at  Eolkslone; 
also  occurring  at  ]\Iickleliani. 

4.  neuropterella  (F.  v.  K.),  Zell.  Isis,  1839.  p.  202  ;  Dup.  L.  F. 
Sup.  iv.  pi.  72.  f.  1  ;  Dougl.  Alis  anticis  ochreis,  costa  margineque  pos- 
tico cinnamomeis,  veuis  oiiiuihus  dislincle  ciunauioi/ieis.     Fxp.  al.  S.V  lin. 

Head  and  face  dark  ochreous.  Palpi  dark  ochrcous,  beneath  brown- 
ish. Antenna;  pale  brown,  with  darker  annulations.  Anterior  wings 
ochreous,  suffused  with  cinnamon-brown  along  the  costa  arul  towards 
the  hinder  margin,  with  all  the  veins  disliiiclli/  cinnamon-brown ;  cilia 
fuscous,  with  a  darker  line  near  the  hinder  margin.  Posterior  wings 
bright  grey,  with  greyish-fuscous  cilia. 

A  scarce  species,  occurring  in  July  and  August,  near  Micklc- 
ham  and  near  Deal. 


142  gelechid.t;. 

Genus  X.     CLEODOHA.  ^'J?  '^  ' 

Chmhra  p.,  Curt.  B.  E.  fo.  671  (1S37). 

Capilli  depress!.  Ocelli  nulli.  Antenna;  articulis  elongatis  (apicem 
versus  obtuse  et  remote  dentatfe),  articulo  basali  elongato.  Haustel- 
lum  mediocre,  squamatum.  Palpi  labialcs  nicdiocres,  articulo  se- 
cuiido  intra  scopitbrmi, /«7/s  antice  valde  prodiictis,  articulo  terminali 
affideiformi  reflexo.  Ate  elongat<"e,  luin/c  cUiatce ;  postcriores  ante 
apicem  profundc  emarginata^ ;  anteriores  :  ccUula  discoidalis  elon- 
gata  ;  vena  apicalis  Irifida,  infra  earn  rami  quatuor;  posteriores  : 
cellula  costalis  valde  angusta ;  vena  subcostalis  simplex ;  mediana 
tritida. 

Head  smooth.  Ocelli  none,  Antcnnaj  with  elongate  joints  (towards 
the  apex  obtusely  and  remotely  dentate) ;  basal  joint  elongate.  Tongue 
of  moderate  length,  clothed  with  scales.  Labial  palpi  moderately  long  ; 
the  second  joint  beneath  like  a  brush,  the  hairs  antcnorh)  much  ])ro- 
longed ;  terminal  joint  slender,  pointed,  reflexed.  Wings  elongate,  zf/^VA 
lontj  cilia;  the  posterior  deejjly  emarginate  before  the  apex.  In  the 
anterior  wings  the  discoidal  cell  is  elongate,  the  apical  vein  trijld,  be- 
neath it  are  four  veins  from  the  discoidal  cell.  In  the  posterior  wings 
the  costal  cell  is  extremely  narrow ;  the  subcostal  vein  is  simple ;  the 
median  vein  is  trifid. 

Although  several  species  of  this  genus  occur  on  the  continent, 
but  one  representative  of  it  has  yet  been  met  with  here.  The 
larva  of  none  of  the  species  are  known. 

1.  Cytisella,  Curt.  B.  E.  fo.  {\']\{\%'?>']).'—fumpen)m,  Westw. — - 

(Pf.  ly.  rf'^alkericlUt^  Dougl.     Alis  anticis  lutesccutibus,  costani  versus  satura- 

^_j^  tioribus,  vel  brunnescentibus,  strigulis  posticis  oppositis  obliquis  palli- 

■j-  dis,  costah  longiore  ac  posteriore ;  ciliis  griseo-fuscis,  apicc  bis  satura- 

tius-cinctis.     Exp.  al.  5.\  lin. 

Head  and  face  yellow.  Palpi  whitish-yellow.  Antenna;  pale  fus- 
cous. Anterior  wings  yellowish,  towards  the  costa  darker,  more  or  less 
brownish,  wdth  two  oblique  opposite  pale  streaks  towards  the  hinder 
margin,  that  on  the  costa  is  the  longer  and  rather  posterior ;  cilia 
greyish-fuscous,  with  two  dark  lines  running  round  the  apex  of  the 
wing.     Posterior  wings  greyish-fuscous,  witli  ])aler  cilia. 

This  pretty  species  is  not  uucounuou  at  Dartford  Heath,  in 
fluly,  amongst  fern  and  broom;  it  is  rather  restless  in  the  net, 
running  about  with  its  wings  half  expanded. 


Genus  XI.     CHELARIA.     lP(iy  .  § 


€_ 


Ciii;i,AKr.\,  Haw.  L.  B.   52(5  (1829)  j  Curt.;  Step.;  Duj).     Gelechia 
p.,  /ell. 


ANAKSIA.  143 

Ciijjilli  (li'prcssi.  Ocelli  iiulli.  Aiitciiiiir  articulis  coiifcrtis,  vix  donti- 
culalis.  l[;nistolluiii  nirdiocrc,  s([iiainatmn.  I'alpi  maxillan^s  brcvis- 
siiui.  i'alpi  labialcs  loiigi,  rcllcxi,  articido  scriuido  bifrn  hi  fuscicK- 
Inm  prodnclo,  Icrl'to  squuDtis  cijipressis,  apiccni  versus  Uecl  aciiininalo. 
M-iV  cloiif;;ata3,  posteriores  ante  apiccin  levilvr  sinuatfe,  niculiocriter 
ciliatcT). 

Head  smooth.  Ocelli  none.  Antcnnic  with  the  joints  thickly  set, 
hardly  dentienlate.  Tongue  of  moderate  length,  clothed  with  scales. 
Maxillary  palpi  extremely  short .  Lahial  palpi  long,  reflexed  ;  Ihc  se- 
cond jo'uil  beneatit  prolotnjed  into  (i  t/ij'l  ;  IJic  third  joint  with  oppressed 
scales,  loicards  the  api'X  smooth  ami  pointed.  Wings  elongate ;  the 
])osterior  sthjhtlij  shmatcd  before  the  apex,  with  moderately  long  cilia. 

But  one  species  is  known  in  this  genus;  and  althougli  the  per- 
fect insect  is  not  uncomuiouly  found  on  tlie  trunks  of  po[)lars,  the 
Lirva  has  not  yet  been  observed.  It  is  true  that  Madame  Licin'g 
has  described  a  ku'va  as  belonging  to  this  species,  whicli  she  says 
lives  in  .lune  on  hlrelies,  making  lioles  in  the  leaves;  but  some 
eiTor  is  probable  here,  as  the  perfect  insect  seems  exclusively  at- 
tached to  poplarn. 

1.  Hubnerella,  T)on.  B.  T.  xi.  pi.   382   (1806). — conscrlpietla,  ,-Tv^.^_+.     < 
lliib.  ;    Zcll. — couHcrlpla,   Haw. — rhomlmdelta.  Curt.  1>.   11.   fo.    3 G 8  ;  V ff ,  1 V ■  o 
Step.;    Duj).      Alls   antieis   cincreis,   macula  costie  medi;e    triaugulari, 
striolacpic  apicis  atris.     Exj).  al.  Ti-S^  lin. 

Head  and  face  grey.  Palpi  yellowish,  the  projecting  tuft  of  the  se- 
cond joint  ])ale  grey,  with  a  dark  grey  streak  on  tlu;  side;  tin;  terminal 
joint  with  a  broad  dark  fuscous  ring.  Antenna;  yellowish,  auuulated 
with  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  pale  grey,  darker  along  the  inner  mar- 
gin near  the  base ;  a  triangular  black  spot  lies  on  the  costa  in  the  mid- 
dle, and  a  short  straight  black  streak  is  immediately  before  the  apex  of 
the  wing  (on  the  costa  are  two  or  three  minute  dark  fuscous  spots) ; 
cilia  grey,  varied  with  fuscous.  Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  with  paler 
cilia. 

Connnon  on  the  trunks  of  Jjombardy  poplars,  in  Sej)tember  and 
October. 


«,iv:  ■^''' 


Genus  Xll.     ANARSIA. 

Anarsia,  Zell.  Isis,  1839.  p.  190;  Dup.  Cat.     Aptola  p.,  Curt. 

Capilli  depress!.  Frons  convexa.  Ocelli  nnlli.  Antenna'  remote  deu- 
ticulat:e.  Ilaustellum  mediocre,  sfpiamatum.  Palpi  labialcs  me- 
diocres,  articulus  secundus  infra  longc  s{[namato-fasciculatus,  fasci- 
culo  antice  producto;  iertlns  $  subnidlus,  ?  aeuleiforinis  hevis  ad- 
scendens.  Ala;  eh)ngatas  hmUocritcrclllalcc,  \wsicrwrcs  trape/.iformes 
ante  apicem  levissimc  rotusse ;  antcriorcs  :  vcua  apicalis  furcata  ante 


144  GELECHID.E. 

apicem  exit ;  ramus  mediana?  priimis  a  secundo  valde  distal ;  ven^ 
subdorsalis  ramus  inferior  deldns ;  posteriores :  vena  apicalis  prope 
ijasim  furcata ;  venae  raediana?  ramus  primus  valde  distat  a  secundo; 
ceilula  costalis  lata,  postice  valde  coarctata. 

Head  smooth,  rather  convex  in  front.  Ocelli  none.  Antennae  re- 
motely denticulate.  Tongue  of  moderate  length,  clothed  with  scales. 
Labial  palpi  of  moderate  length ;  the  second  joint  beneath  with  a  tuft 
of  scales,  which  is  prolonged  in  front;  terminal  joint  of  the  $  very  short 
(concealed  in  the  long  scales  of  the  second  joint) ;  of  the  5  smooth, 
pointed,  and  ascending.  Wings  elongate,  with  cilia  of  moderate  length, 
the  posterior  trapezoidal,  very  slightly  refuse  before  the  apex.  In  the 
anterior  wings  the  furcate  apical  veiir  runs  into  the  costa  before  the 
apex  ;  the  first  branch  of  the  median  vein  is  very  distant  from  the  second 
branch ;  the  lower  branch  of  the  subdorsal  vein  is  obsolete.  In  the 
posterior  wings  the  apical  vein  is  furcate  near  the  base ;  the  first  branch 
of  the  median  vein  is  very  distant  from  the  second ;  the  costal  cell  is 
broad,  posteriorly  cxtreiiiely  narrow. 

In  this  genus  we  have  oul}'  two  British  species  (on  the  con- 
tinent are  two  others,  one  of  which  is  injurious  to  apricots  and 
peaches) ;  they  frequent  heaths,  and  take  short  straiglit  flights. 
As  we  find  to  be  the  case  in  other  genera  of  Tineina,  tw^o  nearly 
allied  plants  [Sparlhiiii  Scoparium  and  Genista  tlnctorla)  serve  as 
food  for  the  larvcc  of  two  nearly  allied  species. 

1.  Spartiella,  Schr.  F.  B.  ii.  104.  1798  (1803) ;  Zell. ;  F.  v.  E.— 
Rohertsonella,  Curt.  B.  E.  fo.  655.  Alis  anticis  dilute  (/riseis,  pauUulum 
fusco-sufiusis,  striis  nuracrosis  obliquis  costal  fuscis,  macula  plic;c  ante 
medium,  macula  disci  in  medio,  tertiaque  disci  pone  medium  fuscis. 
Exp.  al.  7  lin. 

Head,  face,  and  j^alpi  pale  grey.  Antennte  pale  grey,  annulated  with 
dark  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  2^(de  grey,  rather  sufi'used  with  fuscous, 
with  several  short  oblique  fuscous  streaks  along  the  costa,  and  with  a 
spot  on  the  fold  before  the  middle,  one  on  the  disc  in  the  middle,  and 
one  on  the  disc,  beyond  the  middle  fuscous  (occasionally  with  a  few 
tiark  fuscous  scales) ;  at  the  apex  of  the  hinder  margin  are  two  or  three 
dark  fuscous  spots ;  cilia  greyish-fuscous.  Posterior  wings  pale  grey, 
with  pale  fuscous  cilia. 

Common  in  many  ])laces  in  July,  among  broom  and  furze. 
The  larva  feeds  in  ]\Tay  and  June,  in  the  terminal  shoots  of  broom 
[8parliurii  Scoparinui) . 

2.  Genistse,  n.  sp.  Alis  imWcis  satnratissime  griseis,  dilute  griseo- 
irroratis,  costa  basim  versus  dilutiore,  stria  obliqua  meditc  costa)  satu- 
ratissime  grisea,  nigrave.     Exp.  al.  7  lin. 

lleatl,  face,  aiul  palpi  rather  dark  grey.  AntemiiB  pale  grey,  annu- 
lated with  dark  grey.  Anterior  wings  very  dark  grey,  slightly  irrorated 
with  pale  grey ;  the  costa  towards  the  base  is  rather  palei- ;  from  the 


Yi'soi.oi'iics.  145 

uiiddle  of  the  costa  is  a  very  dark  g-roy  or  ijlack  ol)li{|iio  streak,  hut 
there  are  no  other  (kjfiiiite  uiarkiug-s  ;  cilia  dark  grey.  Posterior  wing-s 
grey,  with  pale  fuscous  cilia. 

Hitherto  scarce;  but  Mr.  Weir  has  bred  tlie  species  in  July, 
from  larviu  feeding  in  th(;  shoots  of  (jcnisla  ihicloria,  \\\  June. 
Mr.  Weir  found  tliem  at  Pcmburv,  near  Tunbridge  Wells. 


(ieunsXlll.     YPSOLOPHUS.    (Pf.W.  10 


a-cL_ 


J/«o/o/Vi'«.s  p.,  Haw.  :   Zfll.      A'///>;cAs/c/ ]).,  Trcit.  :    Diip.      Macrochlla  \\.. 
Stop. 

Capilli  (lepressi.     OcclH  nulli.     Auteumc  sctace;r,  remote  d(;utieu]ata', 
^  microscope   ciliata\      llaustelluni    mediocre,    S([uamatiuu.      Palpi 
labiales  articulo  secundo  infra  sco[)iforiui,  ]Mlis  autice  productis,  ar- 
(icido  ultimo  lavi,  acnleifonnl,  recnrvo.     Ahc  elong-alu>,  iHcdiucrilcr 
cUiatre,  posteriorcs  trapeziformes  ante  apicem  Icvissime  retusa^ ;  an- 
teriores :  vena  apicalis  I'urcata  ante  ajiieem  exit ;  ccikda  secuudaria 
nulla ;    vena   uiediana   in  J'lircam   termiuatur ;    subdorsalis   fnrcata ; 
sidjinediaua  nou  incrassata  ;  })osteriorcs :    cellula  costalis  normalis ; 
vena  subcostalis  c  veuula  trausversali  furcata ;   mcdiaua  triiida. 
Head  smooth.     Ocelli  none.     Anteuntic  setaceous,  remotely  dcutieu- 
late  (of  the  $ ,  viewed  through  a  lens,  ciliated).     Tongue;  of  moderate 
length,   clothed  with  scales.     Labial  pal])i,  with  the  second  joint  be- 
neath, formed  like  a  brush,  with  the  hairs  produced  in  front ;  Uie  lasL 
joint  sii/oolh,  poi)ited,  recurved.     Wings  elongate,  7cilf/,  moderate  cilia  ; 
the  posterior  trapeziform,  very  slightly  retuse  before  the  apex.      In  the 
anterior  wings  the  furcate  apical   vein   runs  into  the  costa  liefore  the 
apex ;  the  secondary  cell  is  not  indicated  ;  the  nx^dian  vc;in   terminates 
in  a  fork;  the  subdorsal  vein  is  furcate ;  the  submediaii  is  not  thick- 
ened.    In  the  posterior  wings  the  costal  cell  is  without  any  peculiarity; 
the  subcostal  vein  is  furcate  from  the  transverse  vein;  the  median  vein 
is  trifid. 

Of  five  continental  species,  only  two  liave  been  observed  in 
this  country.  The  iiabits  of  the  perfect  insect  are  very  similar 
to  those  of  the  preceding  genus.  The  habit  of  the  larva  of  J//. 
jlLir^ine/fus  is  to  feed  near  the  ends  of  the  junii)er  twigs,  in  a  con- 
siderable mass  of  web,  which  at  first  sight  appears  extremely  lik(! 
the  abode  of  a  spider.  Whether  this  haljit  prevails,  in  all  the 
other  species  of  the  genus,  1  am  not  aware  (Fischer's  figure  of  the 
larva  of  Jnmj'jerellKn  shows  a  complete  accordance  with  the  habit 
of  the  larva  of  Marfjinelli'-s). 

1.   fasciellus,  liul>.  Till.  1  11  (HOI)  ;    Haw.;   Treit.;    Pup.  ;  Step. 
Curt.      A.lis  aiUieis    dilute  rulo-fuseis,  dors(j  late  f'usco-sulbisis,  puiielis 
\'oi..   in.  1 


K^W. 


146  oelechid.t;. 

tribus  obsolctis  (uno  plicn?,  altcro  disci  ante  medium,  tertio  disci  pone 
medium)  saturate  I'uscis, /rt.sc/«  pone  medium  aiHjidata  fiisca.  Exp.  al. 
10  liu. 

Head  and  face  dark  greyisli-ochreous.  Palpi  reddish-fuscous,  in- 
ternally pale  grcyisli-oclireous ;  terminal  joint  pale  greyisli-oclircous, 
externally  with  a  dark  fuscous  line.  Antennae  pale  fuscous.  Anterior 
wing's  pale  retldish-fuscous,  with  the  inner  margin  to  beyond  the  mid- 
dle broadly  sulfused  with  fuscous,  and  with  three  obsolete  dark  fuscous 
spots  (one  on  the  fold,  one  rather  posterior  on  the  disc  before  the  mid- 
dle, and  one  on  the  disc  beyond  the  middle) ;  heyoncl  the  middle  is  a 
/hscohs  angulafed  fascia ;  cilia  pale  reddish-fuscous.  Posterior  wings 
greyish-fuscous,  with  paler  cilia. 

The  perfect  insect  appears  in  May^  and  has  recently  been  taken 
by  Mr.  Tompkins,  near  Lewes.  The  larva  (according  to  Tischer) 
feeds  in  September,  in  rolled -up  leaves  of  the  sloe. 

2.  Marginellus,  Fab.  S.  I.  ii.  307.  8  (1781);  Don.;  Haw.; 
Step.;  Curt. — 5//vV?A'//«,  Hiib.  Tin.  154. — c/rt/eZ/a,  Treit. ;  Dup.  Ahs 
anticis  nitide  ochreo-fuscis,  costa  dorsoque  niveis.     Exp.  al.  7^  lin. 

Head  and  face  white.  Palpi  white ;  the  second  joint  beneath  dark 
fuscous ;  the  terminal  joint  white  externally,  with  a  dark  fuscous  line. 
Antennaj  dark  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  bright  ochreous-fuscous,  with 
a  white  streak  along  the  costa  (but  not  touching  the  costa  beyond  the 
middle),  terminating  in  a  point  before  the  ajiex,  and  a  white  streak 
along  the  iimer  margin  terminating  in  the  hinder  margin ;  there  are  a 
few  dark  fuscous  spots  along  the  hinder  margin ;  cilia  greyish-fuscous. 
Posterior  wings  greyish-fuscous,  with  ))aler  eilia. 

Not  scarce,  among  jnnipers,  in  Jnly  and  August.  The  larva 
feeds  in  June  in  a  web  near  the  ends  of  the  twigs  of  the  juniper- 
bushes. 


Genus  XIV.     AFI^OTA.     iPf-IS' 


Aplota,  Step.  H.  iv.  225  (183-1).      I'psolopJiKs  p.,  Ilaw. 

Capilli  depressi.  Ocelli  nuUi.  Anteiuiaj  denticulatic,  m/ovscope  pu- 
besceules.  Haustelluni  mediocre,  squamatum.  Palpi  labiales  medio- 
cres,  artieulus  secundiis  infra  longe  squamato-fasciculatus,  fasciculo 
antico  producto,  tertlus  snbuullus.  Ate  anteriores  oi/o?/y/o-elongatce, 
■sidj  apicem.  levissime  relusce,  posteriores  elongato-ovat;c,  mcdiocriter 
eiliatjc. 

Head  smooth.  Ocelli  none.  Antenna;  denticidate,  ■microscopicallij 
pubescent.  Tongue  of  moderate  length,  clothed  with  scales.  Labial 
l)al]n  moderately  long ;  the  second  joint  beneath  with  a  tuft  of  scales 
which  is  produced  in  front;  third  joint  extremelij  short,  concealed  in  the 
hairs  of  the  second  joint.      Anterior  wings  oWowyz-clongale,  very  sli(jhtly 


fff.iy. 


NOTIIKIS.  147 

retiise  below  the  apex ;  posterior  uiiig-.s  elongatc-ovat(>,  witJi  inoderately 
loiinj  cilia. 

Only  one  species  is  knowu  in  this  genus ;  it  is  exclusively 
British^  not  lia\ang  hitherto  been  detected  on  the  continent. 

1.  palpella,  Tlaw.  L.  P>.  515  (1S29);  Step.;  Curt.     Alis  anticis 
fuscis,  luteo-sfjuaiuatis,  punctis  tribus  (iino  disci,  scciuido  vix  postcriorc 
plicTO  ante  medium,  tertio  disci  pone  medium)  saturate  fuscis.    Exp.al.      \  i  CL 
6  lin. 

Head  and  face  yellouisli,  mixed  with  fuscous.  l'al])i  dark  fuscous; 
internally  towards  the  Ixise  yellowish ;  tip  of  the  terminal  joint  wliitc. 
Antenna^  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  fuscous,  \vith  numerous  yellowish 
scales,  with  three  dark  fuscous  spots  (one  on  the  disc,  one  a  little  pos- 
terior on  the  fold  before  the  middle,  and  one  on  the  disc  beyond  the 
nuddle) ;  cilia  greyish-fuscous.  Posterior  wings  dark  fuscous,  willi 
paler  cilia. 

Very  rare;  in  ]\[r.  Shepherd's  collection,  and  in  the  collection 
of  the  ]3ritish  ]\ruseuni ;  il  has  been  taken  near  Ilipley  among 
clover,  and  in  Ilainault  Forest,  in  August. 


Genus  XV.     NOTHRIS.     IKHST-  \1 

Noihris  p.,  Hiib.  V.  Ill  (ISIG).     Fpsolophus  p.,  Zcll. 

Capilli  depressi.    Ocelli  nuUi.     Antennrc  setacea;,  nrticHliii  ohlonffis,  v'lx 

dldlncLis,  ^  non  iiochdosis,  pubescenle-c'dudis.     IJauslellum  nunHocre, 

squanuitum.     Palpi  labiales,  articulo  secundo  infra  sco})ifonni,  pilis 

antice  productis ;   articulo  ultimo  hcvi,  acideiformi,  rccurvo.     Ahu 

elongata;  mediocriter  ciliatce ;  anteriorcs,  cilia  circa  apicera  non,  prodnc- 

iiim,  non  picta  ;  posteriores  trapeziformcs,  ante  a])icem  levissiiuc  re- 

tuspc  ;  anteriorcs  :  vena  apiealis  furcata  ante  apicem  exit ;  cellula  se- 

cuiularia  nulla ;  venic  meilianic  ramus  primus  a  secundo  r.aldc  didat ; 

subdorsalis  furcata  ;  snbmediaua  non  incrassata  ;  posteriores  :  cellula 

costalis  uormalis  ;  vena  suI)costalis  lunge  furcata ;  niediana  trifida. 

Head  smooth.     Ocelli  none.     Antenna;  setaceous,  wilh  the  joints  ob- 

lonij,  scarcely  distinct ;  in  the  (^  not  knotty,  with  pubescent  ciliations. 

Tongue  of  moderate  length,  clotlied  with  scales.     Labial  ])al]ii  wilh  the 

second  joint  beneath  formed  like  a  brush,  with  the  hairs  produced  iu 

front ;  the  terminal  joint  smooth,  pointed,  recurved.     AVings  elongate, 

icith  moderate  cilia ;  the  cilia  round  the  not-produced  apex  of  the  anterior 

wiufjs  are  not  adorned  with  marhinfjs ;  the  posterior  wings  trapi'ziform, 

before  the  apex  very  slightly  retusc.     In  tlie  anterior  wings  the  furcate 

apical  vein  runs  into  the  eosta  before  the  apex;  the  secondary  cell  is 

not  indicated  ;  the  first  branch  of  the  median  vein  is  at  a  considerable 

distance  from   the  second  branch;    the  subdorsal  vein  is  furcate;    tiie 

-^nbmcdian  is  not  thickened.      In  tin;  ])Osterior  wings  the  costal  cell  is 


lis 


GELKCHID.E. 


■IT. 


of  tlie  ordinary  fonn  ;   the  subcostal  vein  is  furcate  for  a  long  didance ; 
tbe  niediau  vein  is  triiid. 

Of  the  three  s[)ecics  referable  to  this  genus,  two  are  British; 
both  recently  added  to  our  '  Fauna/  Bard  ham  el  la  was  first  taken 
by  ]\ir.  Sircom  a  few  years  back,  and  has  since  been  met  with  by 
Mr.  C.  Jordan.  Verhascelhi  was  bred  only  last  summer  by  Mr. 
A\'ing-_,  from  larva?  accidentally  brought  into  his  garden  on  some 
plants  of  VerLascuin  jjulvcrnlentam,  from  the  neighbourhood  of 
Norwich. 

1.  Verbascellaj  W.  V.  ISG.  36  (1776);  liiib.  Tin.  98;  Schr. ; 

Treit. ;    jjoiiehe ;    Diip. ;    Zcll.      Alis  autieis   dilute  ochreis,   squamis 

Ck-C      sparsis  fuscis,  puncto  basali  costal,  puncto  niinuto  plica^  ante  medium, 

puncto  majore  ilisci  jione  medium,  jjunctiscpie  margiuis  postici  saturate 

fuscis.     Exp.  al.  10  lin. 

Head  and  face  pale  ochrcous.  ral[)i  pale  ochrcous  ;  tuft  of  the 
second  joint  beneath  dark  fuscous.  Antennae  pale  ochrcous.  Anterior 
wings  pale  ochrcous,  with  a  few  scattered  dark  fuscous  scales,  with  a 
small  dark  fuscous  spot  at  the  base  of  the  costa,  a  smaller  one  on  the 
fold  liefoie  the  middle,  and  a  more  conspicuous  one  on  the  disc  beyond 
the  middle ;  along  the  hinder  margin  and  apex  of  the  costa  are  a  few 
small  dark  fuscous  spots ;  cilia  pale  ochrcous.  Posterior  wings  pale 
grey,  with  pale  ochrcous  cilia. 

Bred  last  July  by  Mr.  AVing,  from  larva  on  Verbasctim.  The 
larva)  may  be  found  nearly  throughout  the  year  on  the  plants  they 
iVe([uent;  Mr.  AVing  found  them  on  VerbascumpuUerulentwmwQ^x 
Morwich. 


Ila,  Sta.  Cat.  p.  13  (1849).  Alis  anticis  ochreis, 
puncto  plicaj,  punctoque  minore  disci  ante  medium,  puncto  parvo  disci 
pone  medium,  nigris,  macula  plica?  angulum  analeni  versus  fusca,  fascia 
[lostica  nebnlosa  fusca.     Exp.  al.  7^  Ihi. 

Head  and  face  ochrcous.  Palpi  pale  ochrcous;  the  second  joint  ex- 
ternally towards  the  base  dark  fuscous.  Antenme  pale  ochrcous.  An- 
terior wings  ochrcous,  with  a  black  spot  on  the  fold,  and  a  smaller  one 
above  it  before  the  middle,  another  small  black  spot  is  on  the  disc  be- 
yond tlie  middle;  on  the  fold  before  the  anal  angle  is  a  dark  fuscous 
l)!uieli ;  Ixyontl  the  middle  is  a  cloudy  fuscous  fascia,  and  the  apex  of 
the  binder  margin  is  dark  fuscous  ;  cilia  pale  ochrcous.  Posterior  wings 
pale  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

.\ppears  in  July;  has  occurred  on  Durdham  Downs,  near  Bris- 
tol, and  at  'reia'nniouth. 


Genus  XVI.     SOPHROrJIA.  W-^-  ^ 
Sdjiln-iiiiiti  el    V!ein-(jU(  p..   Hut).  \,    lO?-   1"(;    (iSlC).       Vjisidophus  p., 


SOl'llIJOMA.  149 

Haw.;  Zell.     Fa/j)/<la  \i.,  Trc'n.  :    Diip.     Mac/n'oc/ii/a  ]).,  iitcp.     yJp- 
lota  p.,  Curt. 

Uapilli  dcprcssi.     Ocelli  uulli.     Antcnnic  sctacciv,  ariicuUs  oblomjis  vix 
distinctis,  ^  non  nodidosis,  puhcsccute-clliatls.     llauslcUum  mediocre, 
scpiamatiim.     Palpi  labialcs  articulo  secuiido  infra  scopiformi,  pilis 
aiiticc  productis ;    articulo  ultimo  la-vi,  aculeit'ormi,  recurvo.     AIju 
clougatag  lo)i(jii(s  c'dlaUr.,  antcriores,  cilia  circa  aplc.evii iirodnclmn picta, 
posteriores  trapeziibrines  ante  apiccm  Icvissimc  rctusi^' ;  antcriores : 
vena  apicalis  furcata  ante  apiccm  exit,  ccllida  secundaria  nulla,  venns 
median;e  nthms  pri/Ufs  a  secinido  valde  dislai ;  sul)dorsalis  ('areata ; 
submediana  non  incrassata ;   posteriores  :   cellula  costalis  nornialis ; 
vena  subcostalis  prope  basim /areata  ;  mediana  trilida. 
Head  smooth.      Ocelli  none.      AnteuuBe  setaceous,  with  the  joints 
i)l)Io)ig,  scarceli/  distinct ;   in  the  (^  not  hnottij,  with  pubescent  ciliationH. 
Tongue  of  moderate  length,  clothed  with  scales.     Labial  pal]:)i  with  the 
second  joint  beneath  formed  like  a  brush,  with  the  bail's  produced  iu 
front;  the  terminal  joint  smooth,  pointed,  recurved.     Wings  elongate, 
icith  rather  long  cilia  ;  the  cilia  of  the  anterior  v:infjs  round  the  produced 
apex  are  adorned  tcith  markings;    posterior  wings   trapezoidal,    very 
slightly  retuse  before  the  apex.     In  the  anterior  wings  the  furcate  api- 
cal vein  runs  into  the  costa  before  the  apex,  the  secondary  cell  is  not 
indicated,  the  first  branch  of  the  hiedian  vein  is  at  a  consideraltle  distance 
from  the  second;  the  subdorsal  vein  is  furcate;  the  submedian  is  not 
thickened.     In  the  posterior  wings  the  costal  cell  is  of  the  ordinary 
form  ;  the  subcostal  vein  h  furcate  from,  near  the  base ;  the  median  vein 
is  trifid. 

\Tc  ]iav(!  only  two  species  in  this  genus,  which  may  readily  be 
distinguished  as  follows  : — 

n.  With  no  streaks  from  the  costa  before  the  a]iex.     Species  1. 
a  a.  With  several  streaks  from  the  costa  before  the  a])cx.     ypecics  2. 

(There  are  several  other  continental  species  in  the  latter  section.) 
Very  little  is  known  of  the  habits  of  the  perfect  insects,  and  none 
of  the  larvae  are  known. 

1.  parenthesella,  T.inn.  V.  S.  1 1-35  (ITHl) ;  Fab. ;  llaw. ;  Step. ;    ,pp    x- 
Curt. — Clenistella,  Illig.  ;  W.  V.  ? — semicostella ,  lliib.  Tin.  3'J5  ;  Treit. ;    ^  '     '  " 
Dup.     Alis  auticis  brunneis,  griseo-sutfusis,  costa  us([ue  pone  medium        \*^~ 
angustc  alba,  macula  oblonga  plicic  ante,  punctis(pie  duobus  disci  pone  (rv-"  rrr- 
medium  saturate  fuscis,  venis  posticis  albido-s([uamatis,  punclo  a[)icali  Vn.ij<-\6. 
saturate  fuseo.     Exp.  al.  8  lin. 

Head  and  face  pale  grey.  I'alpi  pale  grey ;  terminal  joint  at  the 
apex  fuscous.  Autenniu  dark  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  brown,  rather 
sulfused  with  grey,  especially  along  tlie  iinuir  margin,  the  costa  to  be- 
yond the  middle  narrowly  white  ;  on  the  fold  before  the  middle  is  an 
oblong  dark  fuscous  spot,  and  beyond  the  middle  are  two  dark  fuscous 
spots  ou  the  disc,  beyond  the  lower  of  which  some  of  the  veins  are  iu- 


150  GELECIIID/K. 

tlicated  by  whitish  scales ;  in  the  extreme  apex  is  a  dark  fuscous  spot ; 
cilia  pale  i2;rey,  traversed  by  dark  fuscous  Hues.  Posterior  wiuys  grey- 
ish-fuscous, with  paler  cilia. 

The  perfect  insect  is  not  uncommon  at  West  AYickham  \Yood, 
and  in  Headley  Lane,  in  June  and  July.  The  wings  are  rather 
convoluted  in  repose. 

2.  humerella,  Iliib.  Tin.  293  ;  Dap. ;  W.  V.  ?  Alis  anticis  nitide 
J'ascls,  stria  husall  costti;  ante  medium  a  costa  deflexa,  strigulis  tribus 
costffi,  unaque  dorsi,  pone  medium  albis,  functo  (q)icis  nigro.  Exp.  al. 
.5  liu. 

Head  and  face  pale  grey.  Palpi  pale  grey  ;  tip  of  the  terminal  joint 
(hark  fuscous.  Antenna?  dark  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  hrigJd  fuscous, 
with  a  white  streak  along  the  costre  heghmhuj  at  the  base,  detlexed  from 
the  eosta  a  little  before  the  middle,  terminating  on  the  disc  beyond  the 
micullc ;  beyond  the  middle  of  the  costa  are  three  \vhite  streaks,  the 
first  is  narrow  and  oblique,  pointing  posteriorly,  and  almost  meeting  a 
less  distinct  white  streak  from  the  anal  angle;  the  other  two  streaks 
are  shorter,  pointing  internally  ;  a  slender  short  black  streak  lies  on  tlie 
disc  beyond  the  middle,  and  at  the  extreme  apex  is  a  hluck  spot ;  cilia 
greyish-fuscous.     Posterior  wings  greyish-fuscous,  with  paler  cilia. 

Two  specimens,  in  Mr.  Doubleday's  collection;  locality  un- 
known. 


Genus  XVII.     PI,EUROTA.  "Y  • 


(T)  a— 1 


I'leiirota  ]).,  lliib.  V.  -tOG  (ISlfi).     Palpula  ]).,  Treit. ;  Dup.     Macro- 

cliUa  ]).,  Step.     Aplota  p.,  Curt.     Atichhua  p.,  Zell. 
Capilli  decumbentes,  ultra  frontcm  product)!^'.     Ocelli  nuUi.     Anlemue 
articulis  distinctis,  $  ciliataj.      Palpi  maxillares  breves,  filiformes. 
Palpi  labiales  recti,  longmscitll,  compressi,  articulo  secundo  vahle  ))i- 
loso,  basi  tenui,  articulo  tcrtio  tcnui,  Icevl,  acideiforvil,  l)revi.     Aku 
etougatre  acutre,  posteriorcs  trapezoidali-lanceolata;,  prope  angulum 
analem  leviter  sinuatic,  longius  ciliata? ;    anteriorcs :  vena;  apicalis 
ranms  inferior  infra  apiceiii  exit;    mediana;  rannis    ])rinuis  parmii 
c/irvits ;  snljij/ediana  a  viediaiia  distal ;   vena  subdorsalis  furcata. 
Hairs  of  the  head  decumbent,  i)roduecd  in  front.    Ocelli  none.    An- 
tenna" with  distinct  joints,  ciliated  in  the  i^ .     Maxillary  palpi  sliort, 
filiform.      Labial   palpi   straight,  rather   long,  compressed,  the   second 
Joint  extremely  hairy,  slender  at  the  base,  the  remainder  uniform,  the 
terminal  joint  slender,  smooth,  pointed,  short.     Wings  et(nig(de,  acute, 
the   posterior  trapezoidal-lanceolate,    towards  the  anal   angle   slightly 
sinnalcd,  with  rather  long  cilia.       In    the   ant(u-ior  wings   the   lower 
bi'anch  of  the  furcate  apical  vein  runs  into  the  hinder  margin  heloio  the 


I'l.F.ruOTA.  151 

apex ;  the  first  branch  ol'  the  iiicdiaii  vein  is  hVkjIiIIij  cnrvcd ;  the  suh- 
ine(h"aii  is  remote  IVoni  tlic  median  ;  the  subdorsal  vein  is  furcate. 

This  genus  has  only  one  representative  in  tliis  country,  which 
is  found  commonly  on  heaths  in  June  and  Jidy.  Nothing  is 
known  of  its  primary  states. 

1.  bicostella,  Linn.  K  S.  \V.\%  (1701);  Sco]). ;   Iliib.  Tin.  115  ;     ^~\r 
Haw.;  Treit. ;  Dup. ;  Step.;  Curt. — munjuwlla,  Fab. — vidnclla,  Scop.? 
Alis  anticis  allns,  grisco-fusco  valde  snll'usis,  ])nccipue  dorsum  versus,      J_  ' 
stria    (juxta  costam  albam    non   sufl'usam)   a   basi    usipie   ad   apiccm 
f'usca,  punctis  duobus  disci,  uno  ante,  altero  pone  medium  nii^'ris.     Kxp. 
al.  10-11  lin. 

Head  and  face  white,  mixed  with  grey.  l*alpi  greyish-white;  ter- 
minal joint  white,  with  the  base  and  apex  grey.  Antennre  dark  fus- 
cous. Anterior  wings  wliite,  nuich  dusted  with  greyish-fuscous,  espe- 
cially towards  the  inner  margin  ;  the  eosta  alone  remaining  narrowly 
])ure  white ;  inunediately  below  it  is  a  fuscous  streak  from  the  base  to 
the  apex;  beneath  it  arc  two  black  s})ots  on  the  disc,  one  Ijeforc  and 
the  other  beyond  the  middle ;  under  the  first  is  a  small  dark  fuscous 
spot  on  the  fold,  and  under  the  second  a  fuscous  cloud ;  tlu;  hinder 
margin  is  spotted  with  dark  fuscous;  cilia  gre}ish-wlute.  Posterior 
wings  pale  greyish-fuscous,  with  paler  cilia. 

Common  througliout  the  country  on  heaths,  from  the  end  of 
May  to  the  middle  of  July. 


Genus  XVIII.     HARPELLA.   ^^^  Z 

ILuiPELLA,  Schr.  F.  V,.  ii.  1G8  (1802) ;  Zell.  Alahonm,  Step.  FmI- 
costoma,  Dup.  Alabonla  p..  Hid).  Ju'curvaria  p..  Haw.  ytJcIa  \^., 
Treit. 

Capilli  deprcssi,  postico  subcrccti ;  frons  lata.  Ocelli  nulli.  Antennae 
lennes,  corpore  non  brcviores,  ^  ciliattc.  Palpi  labialcs  longi  com- 
pressi,  articulo  sccundo  parum  curvato,  pilis  ai)prcssis,  tcrtio  tenui 
adscendente  acuto.  Haustcllum  breve,  sc|uamatuni.  Ahc  anteriores 
obloiiga),  posteriores  oblongo-ovatic  mcdiocriter  ciliata^ ;  anteriores  : 
veucc  apicaHs  ramus  inferior  in  apiccm  exit ;  cellula  secundaria  nulla; 
vena  subdorsalis  furcata ;  subnuidiana  a  mcdiana  distat,  in  apicc  in- 
crassatur. 

Head  smooth,  with  the  scales  behind  sliglitly  erect ;  forehead  broad. 
Ocelli  none.  Auteniuc  ■slender,  not  shorter  than  the  body ;  in  the  (^ 
ciliated.  Labial  palpi  loi/ff,  compressed ;  the  second  joint  slightly  curved 
with  appressed  scales;  the  third  joint  slender,  (iscend'nif/,  pointed. 
Tongue  short,  clothed  with  scales.  Anterior  wings  oblong ;  posterior 
wings  oblong-ovate,  with  moderately  long  cilia,  in  the  aiUerior  wings 
the  lower  branch  of  the  apical  vein  terminates  in  the  apex  (in  some  of 


^c^^c^ 


153  OELECHIO/R. 

the  continental  species  of  tliis  genus  it  tenninates  above  the  a])cx) ;  the 
secondary  cell  is  not  indicated  ;  the  subdorsal  vein  is  furcate  ;  the  sub- 
median,  posteriorly  thickened,  is  remote  from  the  median  vein. 

The  sj)ecies  of  this  genus  arc  large,  showy  insects,  and  appear 
to  delight  to  fly  in  the  sunshine.  Only  one  occurs  in  tliis  country, 
and  of  that  the  larva  is  unknown.  Of  a  continental  species  how- 
ever, H.forficella,  the  larva  has  long  been  known  as  feeding  in 
decayed  wood,  hence  probably  our  Engli^^h  species  has  similar 
habits. 

1.  Geoffrella,  Linn.  S.  N.  (13)  896.  430  (17C)7)  ;  Dup.  xi. 
(^  -^  pi.  30.3.  f.  3  ;  Zell.  (E.  Z.  \Z"^{)).— Geoff royeJla,  Step. ;  Sta. ;  Tab.?— 
Geoffroyl,  Haw.  Alis  anticis  ilavis,  in  medio  saturatioribus,  apiceni 
versus  fusco-suffusis  et  nigro-striatis,  striis  duabus  ex  basi,  striolarpie 
ex  medio  costie  plumbeo-canadeis,  maculis  posticis  suh  opposilis  (costali 
posteriore)  dilute  luteis.     Exp.  al.  9^  lin. 

Head  yellow,  with  a  dark  fuscous  blotch  in  the  middle.  Eace  dark 
fuscous.  Palpi  dark  fuscous ;  the  last  two-thirds  of  the  terminal  joint 
Avhitish.  Antcnufc  yellowish-white,  annulated  with  fuscous.  Anterior 
wings  bright  yellow,  darker  in  the  middle,  and  towards  the  apex  suf- 
fused with  fuscous ;  from  the  middle  of  the  base  is  a  straight  leaden- 
blue  streak,  which  before  the»  middle  of  the  wing  is  deflected,  and  ter- 
minates on  the  inner  margin  about  the  middle,  where  it  meets  a  nar- 
rower leaden-blue  streak  from  the  base  below  the  fold  ;  the  costa  at  the 
base  is  narrowly  dark  fuscous,  and  on  the  middle  of  the  costa  is  a  dark 
fuscous  blotch,  in  which  arises  a  rather  oblicpie  leaden-blue  streak, 
running  half  across  the  wing ;  beyond  the  middle  of  the  inner  margin 
is  a  conspicuous  triangular  pale  yellow  spot,  and  a  smaller  pale  yellow 
triangular  spot  is  on  the  costa  rather  posterior ;  on  the  inner  margin 
of  both  of  these  spots  are  some  Icaden-blue  scales  ;  the  veins  in  the  api- 
cnt  portion  of  the  ilhikj  are  indicated  tnj  black  scales ;  cilia  dark  fuscous, 
the  tips  paler.     Posterior  wings  dark  fuscous,  with  paler  cilia. 

Eroin  the  middle  of  May  to  the  middle  of  .June,  this  beautiful 
insect  is  generally  a1)undant,  in  mixed  hedges  and  in  woods ; 
the  slow,  undulating  flight  has  some  resemblance  to  that  of  an 
Atleln  ;  it  delights  to  fly  in  the  early  morning,  preferring  sumiy 
morninu's. 


Genus  XIX.     HYPERCALLIA.    ft -^ '4 


C^- 


H  Yi>Ei!CALLi A,  Step.  H.  iv.  1 94  (1S3  I.) ;  Zell.  Carcina  ]).,  Hiib.  Lurn- 
pros  p.,  'i'reit. 

(!apilli  decumbcntes,  aiitice  ultra  fronteni  ])roducti,  ))()stice  erecli. 
Ocelli  nulli.  Anteima)  mcdiocres,  artieulis  distiuclis,  ^^  ciliatju. 
llaustellum  breve,  S(|uamatum.      Palpi  labiates  tongi,  coMpressi,  pitis 


DASYCKUA.  153 

nppressis,  nvticiilo  sccundo  loiigissiiuo,  subcurvo,  ;equali,  tcitio  temii 
recto  acuniiiiato.     AI;u  latoe,  modiocriter  ciliahr,  antoriorcs  aciita*, 
postcriorcs  trapczoidalcs ;  anteriorcs  :  \ei\K.  apicalis  ramus  inferior 
Slid  apice  c\H ;  vena' nicdiaiue  ramus  primus  va/de  curvits ;  subnie- 
diana  juxta  medianam  postice  recedit  ct  incrassatur. 
lIaii-3  of  the  head  decumbent,  produced  in  fi'ont  beyond  tlie  forehead, 
behind  erect.    Ocelli  none.    Antenna;  moderate,  with  distinct  joints,  ci- 
liated in  the  (^ .    Tongue  short,  clothed  with  scales.    Labial  palpi  lo)if/, 
compressed,  with  oppressed  scales ;  the  second  joint  very  long,  slightly 
curved,  equal  throughout;  the  third  joint  slender,  straight,  pointed. 
Wings  broad,  with  moderate  cilia ;  the  anterior  acute ;  the  j^osterior 
trapezoidal.     In  the  anterior  wings  the  lower  branch  of  the  apical  vein 
runs  into  the  hinder  margin  below  the  apex ;  the  tirst  branch  of  the  me- 
dian vein  is  very  mucli  curved ;  the  submedian  is  close  to  the  median, 
but  recedes  posteriorly,  where  it  is  thickened. 

Only  one  species  in  this  genus  is  known;  its  larva  lias  not 
been  detected. 

1.  Christiernana,   Linn.  S.  X.  (1:2)  877.  303  (r7(;7) ;  I'ab. ;      ^^ ■ 
\V.  v.;    lliib.  Tort.   1-52;   Step.   pi.   38.  f.   2;  Dup. —  Chrhtierndla,  c^^q_ 

lliib. ;  Treit. — cltrlnulh.  Scop.?     Alis  anticis  dilute  luteis,  strigis  coc-       ~i 
cineis  rcticulatis,  punctiscpie  parvis  eoccineis.     Exp.  al.  8.V  lin. 

Head  and  face  pale  yellow.  Palpi  pa*le  yellow  ;  terminal  joint  be- 
neath pale  fuscous.  Antenna^  whitish,  annulatcd  with  fuscous.  An- 
terior wings  pale  yellow,  almost  reticulated  with  scarlet  streaks;  the 
tirst  along  the  costa  at  the  base,  with  two  ol)li([ue  projections  from 
it,  the  second  of  which  meets  another  streak  from  the  middle  of  the 
costa,  which  ajjpears  to  be  continued  to  the  inner  margin  near  the  base, 
a  branch  from  it  running  to  the  inner  margin  beyond  tlie  middle  ;  from 
the  middle  of  the  costa  is  another  streak  directed  outwards,  meeting  an 
oblique  streak  from  the  costa  running  inwardly;  below  it  are  some  scarlet 
spots,  and  there  is  a  small  scarlet  spot  at  the  base  of  the  inner  margin ; 
before  the  hinder  margin  is  a  nearly  straight  scarlet  fascia,  terminating 
in  the  apex;  cilia  very  pale  yellow.  Posterior  wings  greyish-fuscous, 
with  paler  cilia. 

Very  rare  in  this  country;  has  occurred  near  Darentli  Wood, 
at  Grcenhithc,  and  at  Castle  Eden  Dean;  it  appears  at  the  end  of 
June  and  beuinninii;  of  July. 


Genus  XX.     DASYCERA.    iPC- ^^  ^' ~ 

Dasycerns,  Haw.  L.  B.  oSt  (LS:2n).  (Kcophora,  Curt.;  Step.  Basi/- 
cera  et  Stenoptera,  L)u[).  Qkophora  p.,  Lat.  Esperia  p.  et  Alaboiiia 
p.,  lliib. 

Capilli  depressi.    Froiis  inter  anteimas  subangusta.    Ocelli  nulli,     Au- 

VOL.   TIT.  X 


154-  GELECHlDiE. 

teiiiipe  basim  versus  incrnssato',  dor  so  e  bast  squamato-piloso,  apice  nu- 
diusciilo.  Haustellum  mediocre,  squainatum.  Palpi  labiales  vix 
thoracis  longitudiiie,  reflexi,  articulo  secuudo  coiupresso,  pilis  ap- 
pressis,  tertio  tenui,  acuto,  prioris  fere  longHiuViHe.  Alse  eloiigata^, 
posteriores  ovata?,  aagulo  anali  obtuse ;  anteriores :  venpe  apicalis 
ramvis  inferior  supra  apicera  exit ;  ccUula  secundaria  nulla ;  vena 
subdorsalis  furcata ;  posteriores  :  vena;  dufe  e  vcnula  transversa  pro- 
cedunt. 

Head  smooth.  Forehead,  between  the  antenufc,  rather  narrow. 
Ocelli  none.  Antennae  towards  the  base  thicliened,  with  hairy  scales  on 
the  bach  at  the  base,  with  the  apex  comparatively  naked.  Tongue  of 
moderate  length,  clothed  with  scales.  Labial  palpi  hardly  as  long  as 
the  thorax,  rellexcd ;  the  second  joint  compressed,  with  appressed 
scales;  the  third  joint  slender^  pointed,  neurli/  as  hmcj  as  the  second. 
Wings  elongate,  the  posterior  ovate,  with  obtuse  anal  angle.  In  the 
anterior  wings  the  lower  branch  of  the  apical  vein  runs  into  the  costa 
before  the  a]3ex ;  there  is  no  secondary  cell,  and  the  subdorsal  vein  is 
furcate ;  in  the  posterior  wings  two  veins  proceed  from  the  transverse 
vein. 

We  liave  but  two  species  in  this  genus  (a  third,  closely  allied 
to  Oliviella,  has  been  met  with  in  Asia  Minor) ;  being  of  gay 
colours,  they  fly  during  tlio  day  (it  being  found  an  almost  inva- 
riable rule,  that  the  richly-coloured  species  of  Lcpidoptera  fly 
during  the  day,  when  their  colours  may  be  exposed  to  view) ;  the 
flight  of  B.  snlphnreUa  is  ratlicr  straight  and  sharp,  but  that  of 
D.  OUvielht  is  undulating  and  sluggish.  Tlie  larva  of  I),  sulpliu- 
refia  has  been  known  for  some  time;  it  feeds  hi  decayed  and  de- 
caying wood,  preferring  to  place  itself  immediately  beneath  the 
bark,  but  not  disdaining  to  penetrate  deep  into  the  wood  itself;  it 
is  of  an  unusually  elongated  form. 

1.  sulph^irellaj  Fab.  S.  E.  G70.  10  (1775);  Curt.  B.  E.  fo.  408; 
Step. — aimidifera,  Four. — cornutella.  Fab. —  orbo)ieUa,  Iliib. ;  Dap. ; 
'"''  '^'-'  Zell.  Alls  anticis  fuscis,  dilute  luteo-irroratis,  prrecipue  apicem  versus, 
stria  brevi  basali  juxta  costam,  stria  altera  l)revi  plica?  (  $  ultra  me- 
dium producta)  viacidisrjne  oppositis  (costali  niinore,  obsoletiore)  pone 
medium  dUnle  Inteis  ;  alts  poslicis  dil/ile  luleis,  saturate  fusco-i'ind)riatis. 
Exp.  al.  7i  lin. 

Head  bronzy,  with  a  few  yellow  hairs.  Face  bronzy.  Palpi  bright 
yellow  ;  terminal  joint  dark  fuscous.  Antcnme  dark  fuscous,  almost 
black,  with  three  white  annulations  a  little  beyond  the  middle.  An- 
terior wings  fuscous,  with  numerous  pale  yellow  scales,  especially  to- 
wards the  hinder  margin;  from  the  base  is  a  short  yellow  streak  near 
the  costa,  and  another  on  the  fold  (continued  to  beyond  the  middle  in 
the  $  )  ;  oit  the  iuuer  margin,  betjotid  the  viiildle,  is  a  triattgidar  pale  yel- 
loxo  spot,  and  on  the  costa  nearly  opposite  is  a  smaller  but  distinct  pale 


P(.v 


aUOPHOKA.  .  155 

vi'Uow  spot ;  some  iridescent  scales  mark  the  course  of  the  veins  to 
lieyond  the  middle,  and  also  indicate  t!ie  termination  of  the  discoidal 
cell ;  cilia  fuscous,  iridescent  in  certain  lights.  Posterior  wbigs  pale 
yellow,  with  the  anterior  and  hinder  margins  dark  fuscous,  and  a  slight 
fuscous  cloud  at  the  base ;  cilia  pale  fuscous. 

Very  common  in  the  south  of  England,  appearing  with  the 
first  setting  in  of  summery  weather;  it  delights  to  fly  in  <he  day- 
time along  old  hedges.  The  larva  is  to  be  found  throughout  the 
winter,  under  the  bark  of  old  posts  and  decaying  trees. 

2.  Olivielia,  Fab.  E.  S.  iii.  2.  31 G.  132  (1794);  Lat. ;  Curt.; 
Step. ;  Du]).  xi.  ])1.  303.  f.  1 ;  Zcll. — Olivierl,  Haw. — cemulella,  lli'ib. ; 
Treit. — hractella,  Fab.  ? — crassicornis,  Four.  ?  Alis  anticis  nigris,  pos- 
tice  albido-squamatis,  macula  triangulari  basali  prope  dorsum, /ascicque 
pone  medhmi  {(id  dorsnui  repandatu,  coslam  no)i  tan(/e)de)  dilute  liiteis, 
striga  ante  medium,  striga  curvata  (plicam  tangcnte)  ])one  fasciam  lu- 
tcam,  iridesceutibus  ;  alis  posficis  saturate  p/op/ireo-fnscis.  Exp.  al. 
8  liu. 

Head  and  face  very  dark  metallic-purple.  Palpi  yellow;  terminal 
joint  externally  dark  fuscous.  Antcnmaj  black  to  beyond  the  middle, 
llieu  white,  with  the  tips  black.  Anterior  wings  purplish-black,  with 
a  triangular  ])alc  yellow  spot  at  the  base  towards  the  inner  margin,  and 
a  2)ale  yelloto  fascia  {rather  expanded  on  the  inner  inar(ji)i,  and  not  reach- 
ing to  the  casta)  heijond  the  middle ;  before  tlie  middle  is  an  iridescent 
striga,  and  beyond  tlie  yellow  fascia  is  another  slightly  curved  irides- 
cent striga,  not  reaching  beyond  the  fold ;  beyond  it  are  numerous' 
scattered  whitish  scales ;  cilia  dark  ])urplish-fuscous.  Fosterior  icincjs 
darh purplish-fn.seous,  with  paler  cilia. 

Not  uncommon  among  oaks,  from  the  ciul  of  June  to  the  be- 
ginnincc  of  Auu'ust. 


Genus  XXI.     OGCOPHORA. 


«.T-  t' 


(Ecophora  p.,  Zell.  Isis,  1831).  p.  191 ;  l)up.  Cat.  Recurvaria  p.,  Haw. 
Larnpros  p.,  Treit.  Anacampsis  p.  ct  Batia,  Step.  Pancalin  p.  et 
Batia,  Curt.     Borkhausenia,  Denisia  p.,  et  SchiJ/ermUlleria  p.,  Hiib. 

Capilli  depressi.  Froiis  lata,  convexa.  Ocelli  nnlli.  Antennae  tent/es, 
(^  ciliatjc.  Palpi  labiales  re/lexi,  vix  thoracis  longilndine,  arliculo 
secundo  longiore  eonipresso,  sf[uamis  appressis ;  tcrtio  tenui  acuto. 
HausteUum  mediocre,  s(|uaniatum.  Al;e  oblongio  vel  elongatic, 
longius  ciliata;,  posteriores  augnlo  anali  obtuso ;  anteriores :  veure 
apicalis  ramus  inferior  supra  apieem  exit;  vena  subdorsalis  fm-cata; 
posteriores:  c  vcnula  transversa  vena;  duic  proccdunt. 
Head  smooth.     Forehead  broad,  convex.     Ocelli  none.     Antcnn.ne 

slender,  in  the  ^  ciliated.      Labial  palpi  njlexed,  hardly  as  long  as  the 


i^C)  .  GELECHI1)/E. 

fJtora.v ;  tlic  longer  secoiul  joint  compressed  and  with  appresseti  scales  ; 
terminal  joint  slender  and  pointed.  Tongue  of  moderate  length, 
clothed  with  scales.  Wings  oblong  or  elongate,  with  rather  long  cilia, 
the  posterior  with  obtuse  anal  angle.  In  the  anterior  wings  the  lower 
branch  of  the  apical  vein  runs  into  the  costa  before  the  apex ;  the  sub- 
dorsal vein  is  furcate ;  in  the  posterior  wings  two  veins  proceed  from 
the  transverse  vein. 

This  genus,  as  now  restricted,  still  contains  species  of  various 
:is])ects  and  dilferent  habits,  though  in  structure  they  show  a  com- 
plete agreement.  Some  of  the  species  are  so  brightly  coloured, 
they  might  be  ex])ected  to  be  day- flying  species,  which  I  am  not 
aware  to  be  the  case ;  others  are  of  a  dingy  sombre  appearance. 
Tfipuncta  wx^fnscesccns  have  a  i)eculiar  hovering  flight,  and  run 
about  in  the  net  \Aith  tlieir  wings  slightly  raised,  almost  invariably 
dying  with  their  wings  over  tlie  back  (thereby  trying  the  patience 
of  the  collector).  JJiilfcIla  has  a  partiality  for  stajiding  almost 
perpendicularly  on  its  head,  a  position  which  (I  believe)  Innaris 
also  sometimes  assumes;  but  more  frequently  Innaris  reposes  pa- 
rallel to  the  surface  on  which  it  rests,  with  its  pretty  aniudated 
forelegs  stretched  out  before  it,  like  a  Ccnira. 

The  larva  of  vnmitella  is  probably,  like  that  oi p-seiido-sjjrcfclla, 
a  general  feeder  on  all  sorts  of  dry  goods ;  the  latter,  from  its 
large  size,  must  do  a  cousidc^rable  amount  of  injury  where  it  ob- 
tains a  footing,  and,  though  formerly  unknown,  is  now  abundant 
throughout  London,  and  has  appeared  iu  many  of  the  provincial 
towns ;  it  may  orginally  have  been  imported,  but  it  will  ])robably 
continue  13ritish,  as  long  as  there  is  trade  and  population  in  these 
islands.  As  an  instance  of  the  voracity  of  the  larva  of  psendo- 
sjvcfc/Iti,  ]\'fr.  II.  Doubleday,  who  has  been  much  tormented  with 
them  in  his  breeding-cages,  has  known  them  devour  a  living  pupa 
of  SDierinlhus  pojjuli.  The  larvte  of  all  the  other  .yjecies  probably 
feed  in  decayed  wood,  and,  as  it  is  not  likely  that  they  attack 
healthy  trees,  cannot  be  considered  as  injurious  to  us;  but  are 
more  to  be  considered  in  the  light  of  scavengers  employed  in  re- 
moving that  which  is  decayed  and  useless. 

There  are  seventeen  species  in  this  genus  which  have  occurred 
in  this  country;  these  species  may  be  arranged  in  the  following 
table  :— 

(I.  Anterior  wings  black  or  dark  fuscous. 

ti.  With  two  yellow  spots,     ypecies  1,  3. 

tj  h.  With  three  yellowish  spots.     Species  3,  4. 

I)  t)  I).  With  yellowish  fascial     Species  5. 
'/  K.  Anterior  wings  dark  orange,   witli  black   marks  on  the  margins. 

Species  C),  7. 


O'.COPllORA,  157 

a  a  a.  Anterior  wings  pale  orange. 

c.  With  oblitjue  marginal  white  streaks.     Species  8. 
c  c.  With  a  l)lack  spot  at  the  anal  angle.     Species  9,  10. 
a  a  a  a.  Anterior  wings  oclircons  (pale  or  dark)  or  fnscons. 
d.  With  black  spots  on  the  disc.     Species  11,  15-17. 
d  d.  Unspotted.     Species  12-11. 

1.  minutella,  Liiui.  S.  N.  (10)  537.  25G  (1758) ;  Schr. ;  Dup.— • 
oppDsitdla,  V-dh.  ;  lliib. ;  TIaw.  ;  Treit.  ;  Step.;  Dap.  xi.  pi.  300.  f.  9. 
— j\Jai/s,  I'onr.  Alis  anticis  iiiscis,  macula  transversa  dorai  pone  i/wdiio/i, 
raaculaque  oblicpia  posteriore  costce  luteis.     Exp.  al.  5  ^  liii. 

Head  grcvish-l'iiscous.  Face  greyish-oehreous.  Palpi  fuscous,  in- 
ternally whitish.  Antenna^  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  fuscous,  with  a 
conspicuous  transverse  yellow  s])ot  on  tie  tinier  margin  heijond  fJie  mid- 
dle, and  a  smaller  rather  oblique  yellow  spot  OJi  the  coda,  a  little  pos- 
terior;  cilia  pale  fuscous.  Posterior  wings  pale  greyish-fuseous,  with 
paler  cilia. 

round  not  \nicomnionly  in  lu)uses  and  outhouses  in  W'xs  and 
June.  T  have  bred  it  from  a  larva  found  by  Mr.  Preston,  feeding 
on  tlie  seeds  of  celery  during  ilie  winter. 

3.  flavimaciilella,  Sta.  Cat.  p.  13  {\%V.)).—niimdella,  Haw.; 
Step.  Ali.s  anticis  saturate  fuscis,  maculis  duabus  dilute  flavis,  altera 
obliqua  in  medio  dorsi,  altera  rotunda  dlfici  pone  medium.     Exp.  al.  5  lin. 

Head,  face,  palpi,  and  antemia'  dark  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  dark 
fuscous,  with  two  pale  yellow  spots,  one  rather  oblitpic  on  the  middle  of 
the  inner  margin,  the  other  rounded  on  the  dine  beyond  the  middle ; 
cilia  pale  fuscous.      Posterior  wings  greyish-fuscous,  with  paler  cilia. 

(Occurs  near  Iluddersiield  and  at  Duddingstone,  in  Jiuie  and 
.Inly;  also  in  other  ])laces,  but  not  connnon.  ]\[r.  Logan  finds 
the  larva  feeding  on  the  seeds  oi  JjiffcUva  ,s/jlres(ris  in  August  and 
September. 

3.  tripuncta.  Haw.  L.  B.  557  {\S2d).—tripnnctella,  Step.— ^iW- 
inacnlella,  l)up.  xi.  pi.  303.  f.  8. — trisignella,  Zell.  Alis  anticis  satu- 
rate fuscis,  maculis  tribus  luteo-alljis,  nna  costce  in  medio,  altera  eosta; 
aj)icem  versus,  terlia  intermedia  plica.     Exp.  al.  0  lin. 

Head  dark  fuscous.  Pace  pale  ochrcous.  Palpi  yellowish- white. 
AntenUtC  dark  fuscous,  the  ti])s  yellowish-white.  Anterior  wings  dark 
fuscous,  with  three  yellowish-white  spots,  one  on  the  costa  in  the  mid- 
dle, one  on  the  costa  towards  the  apex,  the  third  intermediate  between 
these  two,  on  the  fold,  almost  coimected  with  the  inner  margin  by  some 
scattered  yellowish-white  scales ;  cilia  dark  fuscous,  with  the  tips 
wliitish.     Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Very  common  in  old  hedges  in  several  places  near  Loudon,  in 
T\lay  and  June;  it  appears  to  frequent  brambles. 

4.  similella,  Iliil).  Tin.  182  (1801) ;  Treit.;  Zell.;  Uiehter(K.  Z. 
1850);   Dup.  ? — slipellu,  CI.  ?     Alis  i\\\i\c\'i  saturate  fn>icis,  sulphureo- 


158  (;eleciiid.15. 

irroratis,  inoculis  tribus  sulphureis,  una  pliccc  prope  hauni,  altera  dorsall 
pone  medium,  tertia  mecUocrl  costfc  apicem  versus ;  capite  luteo,  stria 
fnscn.     Exp.  al.  6|  lin. 

Head  pale  yellow,  with  a  fuscous  streal-  along  the  middle.  Face  pale 
yellow.  Palpi  pale  yellow,  the  second  joint  internally  dark  fuscous ; 
terminal  joint  with  a  broad  fuscous  ring  before  the  apex.  Anterior 
wings  dark  fuscous,  with  numerous  scattered  sulphur  scales,  and  with 
three  sulphur  spots,  one  on  the  fold  near  the  base,  and  connected  with 
the  base  along  the  fold,  one  on  the  inner  margin  beyond  the  middle, 
and  one  on  the  costa  before  the  apex,  not  reaching  half  across  the  wing  ; 
at  the  anal  angle  are  a  few  sulphur  scales ;  cilia  fuscous,  varied  with 
sulphur.     Posterior  wings  greyish-fiiscous,  with  paler  cilia. 

Occurs  in  May  and  June  on  the  trunks  of  fir-trees  in  the  north 
of  England  and  Scotland,  llerr  Richtcr  found  the  larva;  under 
the  bark  of  dead  fir-trees-,  in  the  autumn. 

5.  augustella,  Hiib.  Tin.  177  (1801).- — augusta,  Haw. — angust- 
ella,  Step. — mcestella,  Hiib. — var.  albiiiiaculea,  Haw. ;  Step. ;  Sta. — 
funestella,  Dup.  xi.  pi.  298.  f.  12. — luctnoselln,  Dup.  Alls  anticis  satu- 
rate fuscis,  fascia  prope  basim,  ad  dorsum  latiore,  fascia  media  in  plica 
attenuata,  macula  minore  dorsi,  maculaque  majore  postcriore  costse 
apicem  versus,  dilute  luteis ;  (variat,  fasciis  angustioribus,  macula  cos- 
tali  minore,  albido-luteis.)     Exp.  al.  5-5^  lin. 

J'ack  of  the  head  dark  fuscous.  Eront  of  the  head  and  face  whitish. 
Paljii  dark  fuscous,  the  end  of  the  second  and  third  joints  whitish. 
Antcnntc  white,  annulatcd  with  dark  fuscous,  the  tip  entirely  white. 
Anterior  wings  dark  fuscous,  with  a  fascia  not  far  from  the  base, 
broadest  on  the  inner  margin,  a  second  fascia  in  the  middle  rather  at- 
tenuated on  the  fokl,  a  small  spot  on  the  inner  margin,  and  a  larger 
spot  on  the  costa  posterior  to  it  pale  yellow  ;  cilia  fuscous.  Posterior 
wings  greyish-fuscous,  with  paler  cilia. 

In  the  variety  albimaculca ,  the  fasciae  arc  narrower,  the  second  more 
attenuated  in  the  fokl,  the  costal  spot  is  smaller,  and  fascist  and  spots 
are  whiiish-ycWow. 

Couunon  in  June  on  the  trunks  of  trees  in  Hyde  Park ;  the 
typical  form  of  the  species  is  comparatively  scarce  in  this  country. 

G.  Woodiella,  Curt.  B.  E.  fo.  301  (1830);  Step.  Alis  anticis 
aurantiis,  maculis  duabus  basi,  tertia  oblonga  in  medio  dorsi,  quarta 
cunciformi  cost:e  pone  medium,  inargincijue  postico  satiu'atc  fuscis. 
Exp.  al.  ()^  lin. 

Head  and  face  dark  fuscous.  Palpi  greyish-ochreous  ;  ti])  of  the 
terminal  joint  fuscous.  Antenna}  nnicolorous  dark  fuscous.  Anterior 
wings  bright  orange,  rather  paler  towards  the  inner  margin,  with  five 
dark  fuscous  spots,  viz..  two  at  the  base  (one  above  tlie  fold,  tiie  other 
on  the  inner  margin),  an  oblong  one  on  tlie  middle  of  the  inner  nuu'- 
gin,  one  posteriorly  attenuated  on  the  costa  beyond  the  niitldle,  and  a 
larger  irregular  one,  eonnncncing  before  the  anal  angle,  occupies  the 


fKCOPlIORA.  159 

apex  of  the  wing;  in  each  of  tlie5;o  spots  arc  a  few  iridescout  scales; 
cilia  fuscous.     Posterior  wings  dark-fuscous,  with  paler  cilia. 

Til  ]\[r.  Curtis's  collection;  taken  in  June,  .I82U,  by  Mr.  J{. 
Wood,  on  Kcrsall  Moor,  near  Manchester. 

7.  grandis,  Dcsvignes,  Entom.  3i2  (lSt2).     Alis  anticis  flavis,    ^    \)C\^' 
macula  saturate  fusca  basali  per  costam  anguste  usque  ad  medium  pro- 

ducla,  costa  anguste  pone  mediuui  saturate  fusca,  macula  costal  mediae, 
macuI(H[\\e  co>slce  pone  medium  iulrorsuiu.  ■specUnde  dilute  lultds^  dorso  an- 
guste, marginc  ])Ostico  late  saturate  fuscis,  macula  Irinugularijlncn  dor- 
sali  pone  medium,  striga  basini  versus,  striis  tribus  longitudinalibus  in 
medio  disci  cperuleis.     Exp.  al.  Hi  lin. 

Head  and  face  dark  fuscous.  Valpi  yellow  ;  terminal  joint  internally 
with  a  fuscous  band.  Antcnnic  dark  fuscous,  the  tips  white.  Anterior 
Avings  deep  yellow,  inclining  to  orange,  with  a  dark  fuscous  blotch  at 
the  base,  continued  narrowly  along  the  costa  to  a  little  before  the  mid- 
dle ;  beyond  the  middle  the  costa  is  again  dark  fuscous  to  near  the  apex  ; 
in  the  middle  of  the  costa  is  a  small  pale  yellow  spot,  and  a  longer  ob- 
lique one  pointbuj  inwardly  lies  beyond  the  middle  of  the  costa ;  the  inner 
margin  from  near  the  base  narrowdy,  and  the  hinder  margin  broadly,  are 
dark  fuscous ;  before  the  aual  auijle  Is  a  triamjidar  bright  yellow  spot ; 
not  far  from  the  base  is  a  slender  bluish  striga,  and  on  the  disc  in  the 
middle  arc  three  short  longitudinal  bluish  streaks  margined  with  dark 
fuscous  ;  cilia  dark  fuscous.  I'osterior  wings  rather  dark  fuscous,  with 
paler  cilia. 

In  the  collections  of  Mr.  Dcsvigncs  and  Mr.  Shei)hcr(l ;  three 
specimens  were  taken  in  Bewdley  Forest,  by  Mr.  E.  Baugh. 

8.  formosella,  W.  V.  140.  -17  (177<));  Fab.;  Hiib.  Tin.  218; 
Treit. ;  Dup.  Alis  aiitieis  lutcis,  macula  parva  obliqua  dorsi  ante  me- 
dium, nuicuhuiue  majore  costic,  luteo-brunueis,  iitrimpie  tenuissime 
albo-marginatis,  macula  postica  costali  lutco-brnuneo.     Exp.  al.  0  liu. 

Head  and  face  dark  fuscous.  Palpi  bright  yellow ;  terminal  joint 
white,  with  a  black  line  externally,  and  a  black  ring  below  the  apex. 
Anteinia^,  white,  annulated  with  black.  Anterior  wings  yellow',  with 
yellowish-brown  markings,  first,  a  small  blotcli  on  the  inner  margin 
near  the  middle,  preceded  l)y  a  short  white  streak,  and  followed  by  a 
longer  curved  white  streak ;  on  the  costa  before  the  middle  is  an  ob- 
li([uc  blotch  reaching  to  the  anal  angle,  it  is  jnx'ceded  by  a  slender 
rather  curved  white  streak  (which  does  not  touch  the  costa,  and  termi- 
nates on  the  fold),  and  is  followed  by  a  pale  yellow  streak  (ex])andcd 
on  the  costa  and  not  reaching  half  across  the  wing)  ;  a  third  yellowish- 
brown  blotch  lies  on  the  costa  before  the  apex;  cilia  pale  yellow.  Pos- 
terior wings  greyish-fuscous,  with  paler  cilia. 

Taken  by  ]\Ir.  Robertson  on  palings  at  AVanstead;  appears  in 
July. 

9.  lunaris,  llaw.  L.  B.  550  (1829);   Step.;   Curt.  \\.  E.  fo.  51.3. 


I  S;i)  GEI,ECHII).T;. 

— Metznerella,  Treit.  —  Begrandella,  Dup.  Alls  anticis  dilute  liiteis, 
costa  (/or.soque  cuiguste,  margiue  postico  late,  saturate  luteis,  costa  ipsa 
usque  poue  medium  mturate  fusca,  macula  dorsl  pone  medium  triarigu- 
lari,  apice  postice  producto,  nigra.     Exp.  al.  5  lin. 

Head  and  face  white,  mixed  with  dark  fuscous.  Palpi  pale  fuscous, 
internally  whitish ;  terminal  joint  whitish,  with  a  fuscous  ring  before 
the  apex.  Antennie  whitish,  annulated  with  dark  fuscous.  Anterior 
wings  pale  yellow,  with  the  costa  and  hnie.r  viarghi  rather  narrow!)/, 
and  the  hinder  margin  broadly,  deep  yellow  ;  the  extreme  costa  is  dark 
fuscous  to  beyond  the  nuddlc;  on  the  inner  margin  beyond  the  m'lddte 
is  a  triangular  black  spot,  of  which  the  apex  is  produced  posteriorly 
parallel  to  the  hinder  margin  ;  cilia  pale  yellow.  Posterior  wings  rather 
pale  grey,  with  pale  greyish-fuscous  cilia. 

Found  in  various  localities  on  tlie  trunks  of  trees  and  palings, 
in  July  and  August. 

10.  Lambdella,  Don.  B.  I.  ii.  57  (1  792) ;  Step. ;  Qwxi.—LamlHla, 
Haw.  Alls  anticis  dilute  luteis,  costa  anguste,  dorso  margineque  pos- 
tico late  saturate  luteis,  costa  ipsa  usque  pone  medium  nigra,  macula 
magna  in  medio  dorsl  fere  triangulari,  apice  postice  producto,  nigra. 
Exp.  al.  71  lin. 

Head  and  face  pale  yellowish,  mixed  with  dark  fuscous.  Palpi  dark 
fuscous,  internally  pale  yellowish ;  terminal  joint  pale  yellowish,  with  a 
ring  at  the  base  and  a  ring  before  the  apex  dark  fuscous.  Antennfie  whit- 
ish, annulated  with  dark  fuscous.  Anteiior  wings  pale  yellow,  with  the 
costa  narrowly  and  the  inner  and  hinder  margins  broadtg  deep  yellow  ; 
the  extreme  costa  is  black  to  beyond  the  middle ;  on  the  middle  of  the 
inner  margin  is  a  large  somewhat  triangular  black  spot,  with  the  apex 
pointing  posteriorly  ;  cilia  pale  yellow.  Posterior  wings  dark  greyish- 
fuscous,  with  paler  cilia. 

Scarce;  occurs  iu  .iune  and  July;  sometimes  met  M'itli  at 
Charlton  ;  originally  found  in  plenty  in  a  farze-busli  in  E})piug 
Forest. 

11.  subaquilea  (Edl  ),  Sta.  Cat.  p.  11  (1819).  Alls  anticis  dilute 
ochreis,  ])aullulura  fusco-sutfusis,  puncto  plica;  et  stria  disci  ante  mc- 
diuui,  ])uncto  dorsi,  punctisque  duobus  disci  pone  medium  saturate  fus- 
cis.     Exp.  al.  6  lin. 

Head  and  face  greyish-ochreous.  Palpi  pale  fuscous,  internally  pale 
ochreous.  Antemiic  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  pale  ochreous,  rather 
suti'used  with  fuscous,  with  a  dark  fuscous  spot  on  the  fold,  a  dark 
fuscous  streak  above  it  before  the  middle,  and  with  thnx'  dark  fuscous 
spots  beyond  the  middle,  one  on  the  iimcr  margin,  and  two  almost 
\uiited  on  the  disc;  beyond  is  a  fuscous  blotch  at  the  anal  angle;  the 
liinder  margin  is  spotted  with  dark  fuscous ;  cilia  pale  ochreous.  Pos- 
terior wings  pale  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Occurs  on  lieatlis  in  tlu;  north  of  England,  in  May  and  JuiU". 


(ECOrilOKA.  161 

VI.  Panzerella,  Stc]).  11.  iv.  -IWl  (1S:J1).  Alis  miticis  dilulo 
oclircis,  fusco-suU'usis ;  pnlpis  Jim'ihm  dilule  oclircis.      Exp.  ;il.  7j  lin. 

Head  and  face  pale  grcyish-ochn'ous.  Talpi  Hhorl,  pale  oelireoiis. 
.\nteinia>  pale  oelin-ous,  aniiidated  with  fuscous.  Anlcrior  wiugs  pale 
oehreous,  suffused  witli  fuscous;  eilia  ])aler.  Posterior  wing's  g-reyish- 
fuscous,  with  paler  cilia. 

Xot  commoii ;  appears  in  .lime  and  duly  ;  has  occurred  at  A\  est 
^\  ickham  AA'ood^  and  near  Lewes. 

13.  tinctella,  Treit.  E.  S.  ix.  2.  21  (1S:3:3) ;  Dup.  xi.  pi.  :2'.n).  f.  7  ; 
Zell. — liihnu-lla,  Step. — ark'lella,  Sta.  Alls  auticis  (rdiilc  ochrcis,  paul- 
luluni  fuseo-snlfusis,  i)r;tcipue  costain  versus;  pa!i)is  Ioiuj'ih,  diU'lc  oehreis, 
articido  tertio/«.s«'.srrt//r\     Exp.  al.  7  lin. 

Head  and  face  pale  oehreous.  ral|)i  lo»(i,  pale  oehreous,  terminal 
joint  with  a  sUgltl J'mcons  thujc.  Anteun;e  wlntish-ochreou-^.  Anterior 
wings  jiale  ocltreom,  rather  suifiised  with  fuscous,  especially  along  the 
eosta  and  towards  tlie  apex;  cilia  oehreous,  with  a  slight  fuscous  tinge. 
Posterior  wings  dark  greyish-fuscous,  with  paler  cilia. 

Not  uncommon  iii  May  and  June,  in  West  AYickluun  W  ood, 
among  oaks. 

11.  unitella,  Hiib.  Tin.  11-7  (1801);  Step.;  Sta.— //«rov/?/;vV/r/,    (pf."^ 
Haw. — arich'lld,  /ell.    Alis  antieis  aurcu-ln'miiH'is,  posticis  nigrieantibus, 
palpis  loMr/ia  oehreis,  articulo  tertio  ml n rate  f unco.      Exj).  al.  Gj  liu.  l-\/14- 

Head  and  face  dark  yellow.  Palpi  loinj,  bright  oehreous;  terminal 
joint  dark fi( scorn.  Antennic  dark  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  unicolorous 
(juhk-n-hroicn ;  cilia  the  same  colour,  with  a  slight  fuscous  tinge.  Pos- 
terior wrings  dark  fuscous,  almost  I)laek,  with  paler  cilia. 

Xot  uncommon  in  August,  in  old  hedges.  j\Jr.  A\  ing  detected 
tlie  larva  last  spring,  feeding  in  old  pea-sticks;  it  became  full-fed 
in  ^lay. 

l.K  flavifrontella,  Hul). 'fin.  12(;  (ISni);  Treit.;  Step.;  Fab.? 
.Mis  antieis  nllidh  (jrism-fascis,  puuetis  tribus  fere  obsoletis  saliu'atc 
i'uscis.     Exp.  al.  10  lin. 

Jlcad  nud  face  7/f'l low.  Palpi  fuscous.  Antoniux?  pale  fuscous.  An- 
terior wings  s/iinii/f/  (jrcjjhli-fnscous,  with  three  rather  ol)solete  darker 
spots,  one  on  the  disc  before  the  middle,  one  almost  beneath  it  on  the 
fold,  and  one  on  the  disc  beyond  the  middle;  cilia  fuscous.  Posterior 
wings  greyish-fuscous,  with  paler  eilia. 

Not  scarce  in  old  hedges  in  June;  it  appears  to  frequent  the 
hedge-roses. 

IG.  fuscescens,  Haw.  L,  B.  555  (1829);  Step.  Alis  antieis 
dilute  oehreis,  _/)/.sw  valde  siiJI'ims,  piuietis  tribus  saturate  fuseis  (uno 
disci,  altero  ])lic;x3  vix  posteriore,  ante  medium,  tertio  majore  disci  pone 
medium),      i'jxp.  al.  5  lin. 

Head  dark  fuscous.  Pace  pale  browuish-oehreous.  Palpi  fuscous  ; 
tip  of  the  terminal  joint  pale  oehreous.     Antennae  pale  fuscous.     Au- 

VOL.  III.  Y 


162  '  (IKLECIUU.E. 

tcrior  wings  pale  ochrcous,  ahuont  entirdtj  suff'n-sed  n-ilh  fusconn,  with 
three  dark  fuscous  spots,  one  on  the  disc,  one  on  tlie  fold  rather  poste- 
rior before  the  middle,  and  a  larger  one  on  the  disc  beyond  the  middle  ; 
cilia  fuscous.     Posterior  wings  pale  greyish-fuscous,  with  paler  cilia. 
Very  abundant  in  old  hedges  in  July  and  August. 

(Df  "XT'  ^^'  pseiido-spretella,  Sta.  Cat.  p.  14  (1819).     Alls  anticis  di- 

^  '  lute  ochreis,//fsco  vaUIe  siijfims,  punctis  tribus  saturate  fuscis  (uno  disci, 

IC<-^       altcro  plicje  vix  posteriore  ante  medium,  tertio  disci  pone  medium); 

mar(j'nui  postico,  (tpiceiiiie  costa  saturate  fmco-punciath.     Exp.  al.   10 

lin. 

Head  brownish-ochreous.  Face  pale  browaish-ochreous.  Palpi  jiale 
ochreous,  internuUy  spotted  with  dark  fuscous.  Antennse  fuscous.  An- 
terior wings  pale  ochreous,  much  mlfmed  until  fuscom,  with  three  dark 
fuscous  spots,  one  on  the  disc,  one  on  the  fold  hardly  posterior  to  it 
before  the  middle,  and  one  on  the  disc  beyond  the  middle  ;  the  hinder 
tiuvryln  and  apex  of  the  costa  are  spoiled  with  dark  fuscous ;  cilia  oehre- 
ous-fuscous.      Posterior  wings  whitish-grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Abundant  in  London  and  in  man)'  parts  of  tlie  country,  in  July 
and  August.  j\Ir.  H.  Doubleday  sent  me  a  number  of  the  larvte 
last  January,  feeding  on  dry  peas. 


Genus  XXII.     GCGOCOlXriA.    ^'^ ■  V'   "^ 

OEgoconia,  Gucnee  in  lit.     CEcophora  ]).,  Zell. 

Capilli  deprcssi,  postice  sxdjerecti.  Occ^lli  nulli.  Antenna;  crassiusculrc, 
articulo  basali  incrassato.  Haustellum  mediocre,  squamatura.  Palpi 
maxillares  breves,  filiformes.  Palpi  labiales  rcflexi,  compressi,  arti- 
culo tcrminali  tenui,  acuto.  Alae  elongata%  posteriorcs  angulo  anali 
distincto,  plaga  basali  nuda  nulla;  anteriores :  venae  apicalis  ramus 
inferior  supra  apieem  exit ;  vena;  subdorsalis  fircata ;  posteriores : 
cellula  costalis  elongata,  postice  attenuata  ;  vena  apicalis  furcata  ;  e 
venula  transversa  vena  unica  procedit. 

Head  smooth,  hehind  rather  rough.  Ocelli  none.  Antennas  rather 
thick,  with  thickened  basal  joint.  Tongue  moderately  long,  clothed 
with  scales.  Maxillary  palpi  short,  filironu.  Labial  palpi  rcHexed, 
compressed;  terminal  joint  slender,  poiutctb  Wings  elongate;  the 
posterior  with  distinct  anal  angle,  with  no  bare  basal  patch.  In  the 
anterior  wings  the  lower  branch  of  the  apical  vein  runs  into  the  costa 
before  the  a})ex  ;  the  subdorsal  vein  is  furcate ;  in  the  posterior  wings 
the  elongate  costid  cell  is  posteriorly  attenuated  ;  the  apical  vein  is  fur- 
cate, and  a  singh;  vein  proceeds  from  the  transverse  vein. 

Oidyone  species  is  known  in  this  genus,  which,  from  its  habits, 
1  liad  anticipat<Ml  would  be  congeneric  with  Eudronls  fencdrella ; 
the  above  characters  suflicienlly  dislingiiish  it. 


KNDKOSIS.  1C3 


1.  quadripuncta,   Haw.  L.  15.55  7  (1829);  Stcp.r — bifascicHa,  _^ 

8t('p. — Kiudi'ruKnni'u'lla,  Xcll.      Alis  anticis  saturate  I'liscis,  l)asi,  nm-  ,r\-    V  ■ 


Mila  obliqua  costtu  ante  medium,  fascia  recta  dcutata  in  medio,  maculis 
oppositis  (costali  majore)  apiccm  versus  dilute  luteis.     Exp.  al.  G^,  liu. 

Head  dark  fuscous.  Face  ])ale  yellowish.  Palpi  pale  yellowish  ; 
the  termiual  joint  with  a  faiiU  fuscous  n\\\r  at  the  base.  Antenna;  fus- 
cous, the  tips  pale  yellowi;.li.  Anterior  wings  dark  fuscous,  with  the 
extreme  base,  a  rather  oblic|ue  blotch  on  the  eosta  ni'ar  the  base,  a 
nearly  straight  but  indented  fascia  in  the  middle,  and  two  opposite 
spots  (of  which  the  larger  is  on  the  costa)  towards  the  hinder  margin, 
pale  yellowish;  cilia  pale  grey.  Posterior  wings  whitish-grey,  with 
paler  cilia. 

Sometimes  occurs  in  lu)U.<cs,  in  -luly  and  August. 


Genus  XXI II.     ENDROSIS. 


<?f.^.    S*^ 


Endrosis  p.,  Hiib.  V.  401  (ISltJj.     (Kcoplioru  p.,  Zell. 

Cajjilli  appressi,  fronte  lata.  Ocelli  nuUi.  Antenna;  setacca;,  articulo 
basali  elongata,  snbclavato.  llaustelluni  mediocre,  squamatnm. 
Palpi  maxillaics  breves,  fdiformes.  Palpi  labialcs  reflexi,  comprcssi, 
articulo  jterniiuali  tenui,  acuto.  Al:e  elongata',  antcriores  subtus 
penicillo  nnUo,  posteriores  angulo  anali  distineto,  plaffu  hasali  iiiala ; 
antcriores:  vena;  apicalis  ranuis  inferior  6-«^;r«  apieem  exit;  mcdianic 
ramus  ])rinius  a  sccundo  valde  distat ;  subdorsalis  simplex  sed  fur- 
cata  indicata ;  posteriores:  cellula  costalis  abhrcclala  (ante  medium 
vcna3  sul)costalis  subito  definit)  ;  c  venula  transversa  vena  uniea  ])ro- 
cedit ;  vena  ajjicalis  simjjlex. 

Head  smooth  ;  the  forehead  broad.  Ocelli  none.  Antenna)  setaceous, 
with  the  basal  joint  elongiitc,  subclavate.  Tongue  of  moderate  length, 
clothed  with  scales.  Maxillary  palpi  short,  liliform.  Labial  palpi  re- 
ll(!xed,  compressed;  the  terminal  joint  slender,  pointed.  Wings  elon- 
gate ;  the  anterior  with  ho  hrmli  beneath  ;  the  posterior  with  distinct 
.anal  angle,  v:Uh  a  nuked  patch  at  the  base.  In  the  anterior  wings  the 
lower  branch  of  the  ajjieal  vein  runs  into  the  costa  before  the  ai)ex  ;  the 
tirst  branch  of  the  median  vein  is  remote  from  the  second  ;  the  subdorsal 
vein  is  sim^jle,  but  there  are  indications  of  a  fork  ;  in  the  posterior  wings 
the  costal  cell  is  abbreviated,  ceasing  abruptly  in  tlu;  middle  of  the 
subcostal  vein;  a  single  vein  proceeds  from  the  transverse  vein  ;  the 
apical  vein  is  simple. 

There  is  only  one  species  in  this  genus;  if  a  rarity  it  would  be 
considered  extremely  beautirul,  but  unfortunately  being  excess- 
sively  abundant,  and  in  ;;ll  oiu'  houses,  it  is  despised  for  less 
beautiful  insects  of  greater  nviity.  it  is  however  rarely  seen  in 
good  condition,  which  may  account  for  the  neglect  it  experiences, 


^ 


a-c 


Ibl'  (1E1,ECIIIT).7C. 

being  an  extremely  active  insect,  Hying  abont  our  rooms  at  niglit; 
getting  into  the  inilk  (thence  called  lacteellii),  and  in  the  daytime 
sitting  in  the  windows  (whence  the  w^xwfi,  feaedrdla)  ;  it  is  re- 
lentlessly pursued  by  careful  housekeepers  as  a  clotlia-nioth,  its 
conspicuous  white  head  causing  it  to  be  easily  observed ;  whilst 
the  true  culprits,  Tinea  pdlloiudla  and  hhelUeUa,  remain  unhurt 
in  their  places  of  concealment.  The  larva  of  E.fenestrcUa  feeds 
on  various  dry  goods,  peas,  seeds,  etc.,  and,  according  to  Madame 
Lieiiig,  even  on  salt.  I  am  not  auai'i^  that  it  attacks  clothes  of 
any  kind;  the  notices  in  ])rcvious  writers  to  that  eilect  having 
been  copied  from  Liuua'us,  who,  if  this  be  his  .■mrc'dcUa,  must 
have  fallen  into  some  similar  error,  as  lie  made  with  respect  to 
his  vesihiiidlit. 

rpC-T7".  1.  fenestrella.  Scop.  F.  C.  353.  G5:;  (17<)3).— /r/c.W/r/,  \V.  Y. — 

g_      /^/rAW/c/,  TjiciUL;-. — /jV/////;/i"//r/,  lliib.  Tin.  30.  148  ;   Ti'dt.  ;   Diip. — w/r- 

0  cilella,   Lii).?    .Step.?   (Au't.  : — stircilcii.  Haw.? — doiUedkcUa,    Scop.? 

Alis  anticis  griscis  fusco-ucbulosis,  basi  alba,  punctis  disci  saturate  fiis- 

cis.      Exp.  al.  7i-9  liu. 

Head  and  face  white.  Pal|)i  v/liite ;  tcniiinal  joint  with  a  ring  at 
the  base  and  another  betbre  the  apex,  black.  .\uteun;o  fuscous.  An- 
terior wings  dirty  grey,  clouded  with  fuscous,  witli  the  extreme  base 
wliite ;  beyond  is  a  moderately  broad  fusi^ous  fascia,  a  fuscous  blotch 
is  on  tlie  costa  l)cyouil  the  midcMc,  a  smaller  one  is  above  tlie  anal  angle, 
and  another  lies  in  the  apex  of  the  wing,  pi'cceded  by  an  indistinct  ob- 
lique wliitish  fascia;  a  dark  fuscous  spot  on  the  disc,  and  one  beyond  it 
on  the  fold  are  before  the  middle  of  the  wing,  two  hunger  tku'k  fuscous 
spots  are  on  the  disc  beyond  the  middle;  the  hinder  margin  and  apex 
of  the  costa  are  spotted  with  whitish-grey;  ciba  greyish-fuscous.  I'os- 
terior  wings  whitish-gre_y,  with  paler  cilia. 

Abundant  in  houses  throughout  the  year;  and  during  snmmer, 
on  the  trunks  of  trees  near  houses.  The  Ln-va  may  likewise  be 
found  throughout  the  year,  feeding  on  various  dry  goods. 


Genus  XXIV.     BHTALIS.     i?^V    ^1'"" 


JUiTAMs,  Trelt.  K.  S.  ix.  3.  lOS  (IS.'J.']).  yl.'sli/a(/es  \).,  Step.  BiUalis 
p.,  Dnp.      (KrojiJinra  p.,  Zell.      O.vijU-lia  p.  et  (udatillihi  p.,  Hid). 

('aput  d)lnHiuii,  rclrdchnii,,  s(punuis  appressis.  Ocelli  ludli.  Autemia'! 
ari'icidh  coiijdlix,  (^  jjubcscente-ciiiata;,  vix  sub  apicem  scrrulata3. 
HaustelUun  mcdiocn;,  s(pianiatum.  f'alpi  hrt'c'inaciili,  adsecndentes, 
subcompressi,  acunn'nati.  Ahe  elongata^,  anteriores  mhius  pci/icil/o 
basali ;  ])ostcrior(\s  acuminala;;  auleriorcs:  infra  venam  apicalem 
vcn;e  tantuiu  qiuduor  c  eenula  discoidali  proch'unt;  ])osteriores :  e 
venula  transversa  vena  unica  procedit. 


nr  TALIS.  Ui") 

[lead  obtuse,  relracted,  with  apjiri'sscd  scales.  OroUi  none.  Au- 
teniia)  icifh  ihkkhj-ncl  joints,  in  the  J  pubescent-eiliahul,  belbro  the 
apex  .slightly  serrated.  Tongue  of  moderate  length,  clothed  with  scales. 
Pal])!  rather  s/tort,  ascending,  rather  compressed,  aciuniiiate.  Wings 
elongate ;  the  anterior  beneath  with  a  brush  at  the  base ;  the  posterior 
acuminate.  Tu  the  anterior  wings  only /o«/'  veins  proceed  from  the 
discoidal  cell  below  the  apical  vein ;  iu  the  posterior  wings  a  single 
vein  proceeds  from  the  transverse  vein. 

The  two  last  species  I  have  placed  in  this  u'eiuis,  exhiliit  several 
discre])ancies  :  in  torqv.ateHa  the  anterior  wings  arc  oUuu;/ ;  the 
apex  of  the  posterior  wings  is  obltise ;  th(^  tongue  is  vaked ;  the 
shorter  palpi  are  not  ascending,  witli  the  apex  almost  obtnse. 
Iiicoiiijrurtla  1ms  the  antennLie  rather  thick,  Jirc  veins  from  the 
discoidal  cell  of  the  anterior  wings  to  the  hinder  margin,  and  (ico 
veins  from  the  transverse  vein  of  the  posterior  wings. 

The  remaining  species  form  an  extremely  natnral  genns,  of 
wliich  the  most  remarkable  peculiarity  is  the  position  in  which 
the  perfect  insects  sil  when  at  rest;  the  wings  being  almost  folded 
round  the  short  thick  body,  meeling  behind  it  nearly  in  a  |)oinl, 
uhich  the  thick  blunt  head  of  the  insect  renders  more  prominent; 
they  frecpient  grassy  ])laces  and  are  rather  active,  tlying  close  to 
the  ground;  tlie  females  of  most  of  the  species  have  a  piile  spot 
on  the  underside  of  the  abdomen.  Of  none,  excepting  (7ie,/ojju- 
dlelhi,  is  the  larva  known  ;  of  tJiat  s[)ecies  the  larva  feeds  in  a 
web  between  united  leaves  of  C/icnnjtuirniiii  and  Atriple.r,  where 
it  s])ins  a  while  oval  cocoon  jjrcvious  to  its  transformation;  it 
only  frequents  those  plants  wliieh  gn)w  in  sheltered  situations. 

Tliere  seems  to  be  a  great  variety  of  closely  allied  species  on 
the  continent,  but  only  seven  of  the  tyi)ical  form  of  the  genns 
liavc  occurred  in  this  country;  they  may  be  arranged  as  I'ol- 
k)ws  : — 

a.  Anterior  wings  unicolorous.      Species  1,  2,  -t. 
a  a.  Anterior  wings  with  scattered  whitish  scales,  not  forming  distinct 

spots.     Species  3,  5. 
a  a  a.  Anterior  wings  with  distinct  white  or  whitish  s[)ots.      Sp.  (i,  7. 

1.  grandipennis.  Haw.  L.  V>.  5;>G   (182D);  Stej).     Alls  auticis    vK-  V- 
viridi;/'"^'''-^',  ])0>tiee  s([uaniis  sparsis  albidis.      K\p.  al.  J'  S.V,   -^  7  liii.      qi^-*^ 

Head,    face,  palpi,    ai\d  antemi;e    dark    fuscous.       Anterior    wings      ' 

greenislH/W.sco^/.v,  posteriorly  with  a  few  whitish  scales;  cilia  pale  green-  rf.  IX-  \^'' 
ish-fuseous.     Posterior  wings  grey,  with  pale  fuscous  cilia.      Abdomen 
of  the  $  beneath  with  a  large  dirty  yellow  s|)ot. 

Common  on  heaths,  among  fur/c-bushes  in  .May  and  June. 

2.  fusco-senea,  Haw.  L.  H.  -Vh  (1S2'J);  Curt.;  Step.;  Sta. 
Alls  aiUie'.s  \\n(\\-iCitek,  postice  fuseo-tiuetis.      Isxp.  al.  7  lin. 


I'iG  OELEcniu.T:. 

Head  and  face  dark  brovvuisli-bronze.  Palpi  atid  antenna!  dark  fns- 
cons.  Anterior  wings  hronzij-green,  posteriorly  a  little  darker;  cilia 
paler.     Posterior  wings  fuscous,  with  paler  cilia. 

A  scarce  species,  appearing  in  Juu'j;  lias  occurred  near  Clras- 
siiigton,  Yorkshire. 

3.  senescens,  Sta.  Ent.  Ti-_nis.  i.  n.  s.  23  (1850). — Sdudella, 
Sta.  (Cat.)  Alis  anticis  saturate  viridi-fuscis,  squanus  sparsis  nuniero- 
sis  albidis,  pra^cipue  apicem  versus.      Exp.  al.  Si  liu 

Head,  face,  palpi,  and  antenu;e  dark  greenish-fuscous.  Anterior 
wings  dark  greenish-fuscous,  witli  numerous  scattered  whitish  scales, 
especially  towards  the  apex ;  cili.'  fuscous.  Posterior  wings  dark 
greyish-fuscous,  with  paler  cilia.  Abdomen  of  the  ?  beneath  with  a 
large  white  spot. 

Common  on  the  downs  at  Mickleham,  in  July. 

4.  fusco-cnprea,  Haw.  L.  B.  537  (1829);  Curt.;  Step.;  Sta. 
Alis  anticis  saturate  viridi-fuscis,  squmnis  albls  nulUs.     Exp.  al.  -lo  lin. 

Head,  face,  palpi,  and  antennae  dark  greenish-fuscous.  Anterior  wings 
dark  greenish-fuscous,  wiih  no  wJdle  scales ;  cilia  fuscous.  Posterior 
wings  dark  greyish-fuscous,  with  paler  cilia. 

Formerly  taken  by  Mr.  Xircom,  near  Brislington;  perhaps  not 
speciiically  distinct  from  the  preceding. 

5.  Cicadelia,  Zell.  Isis,  1839.  p.  193.  Alis  anticis  fuscis,  oli- 
vncco-tinclis,  squaniis  sparsis  albis,  mnculam  dorsali  basini  versus,  ma- 
culam  dorsali  in  medio,  striamque  apicis,  formantibus,  stria  plic<T  intcr- 
dum  obsoleta  alhu,  Iideave.     Exp.  al.  5i  lin. 

Head,  face,  palpi,  and  autennte  greyish-fuscous.  Anterior  wings 
fuscous,  with  a  slight  oliouccons  tint,  with  numerous  scatteri'd  white 
scales,  forming  a  spot  on  the.  inner  margiu  near  the  base,  another  on  the 
inner  margin  about  the  middle,  and  generally  a  short  streak  towards 
the  apex ;  along  the  fold  is  usually  a  while  or  yellowish  streak ;  cilia  fus- 
cous.    Posterior  wings  greyish-fuscous,  with  paler  cilia. 

A  single  specimen,  taken  by  Mr.  Dunning,  at  Brandon,  in 
Suli'olk,  in  July. 

(').  variella.  Step.  II.  iv.  274  (1834). — inspersella,  Zell. — picapen- 
nis,  Haw.?  Step.?  Alis  anticis  nigrescentibus,  squamis  sparsis  albidis, 
puncto  plie;e  pone  medium,  ])unctoque  ad  angulum  analera  albis.  i'^xp. 
al.  5  lin. 

Head,  face,  palpi,  and  antenn<i3  blackish.  Anterior  wings  blackish, 
with  a  few  scattered  white  scales,  a  white  spot  on  the  fold  beyond  tlu^ 
middle,  and  another  at  the  anal  angle;  cilia  dark  grey.  Posterior  wings 
very  dark  grey,  with  fuscous  cilia. 

Freciueiits  sand-pits  in  the  south  of  England,  in  June. 

7.  Chenopodiella,   Iliil).  Tin.  320  (181());    F.  v.  11.  pi.  71. 

pi.  72.   f.  1;    'M\.—tristellu,  Treit.  ;   \)u\).—cariella,    W.   \'.?~-eglin- 


I'AXCAI.r.V.  Hi  7 

drea,  }li\\y.'r^r////i/(/n'//(i,  Stcj). '?  Alls  aiiticis  nitidis  saturate  fuscis, 
iiiaculis  trihiis  lnlcHci'iilU)i(fi  propc  dorsuni.      E\p.  al.  7  lin. 

Head  and  face  dark  fuscous.  Palpi  whitish,  with  a  rint;-  at  the  end 
of  the  second  joint,  and  another  at  the  end  of  the  terminal  joint  dark  fus- 
cous. Antenuir  dark  fuscous.  Anterior  win^s  shining- dark  fuscous,  with 
three  ytllotchh.  spots  near  the  iiuu'r  niari;in,  one  before  the  middle 
connected  with  the  base  by  a  narrow  yellowish  streak  aloni;'  the  fold, 
another  nearly  in  the  middle,  and  the  third  close  beyond  it  at  the  anal 
angle;  cilia  dark  fuscous.  Posterior  wings  dark  greyish-fuscous,  with 
dark  fuscous  cilin. 

Occurs  from  June  to  October,  in  waste  pi:n)ini(l,  unioiig-  Clieno- 
podinm  and  Airiplex ;  (he  larva  feeding  on  those  plants  from 
April  to  August. 

8.  torquatella,  Tjienig  rt  ZcU.  Isis,  LS'IT).  p.  279. — fitscifronlcUa,     ,rvi   TT", 
Sta.      Alls  antieis  saturate  fuscis,  maenlis  tril)ns  dilute  luteis,  nnn  plme  ' 

aiitt'  ViU'tllinn  (obsoletius  dorsum  versus  pnubieta),  altera  dovsali  ad  an-       ^\    ^ 
gulum  analem,  tertia  posteriore  costali.      I'jxp.  al.  f)  lin. 

Head,  face,  palpi,  and  antenme  dark  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  dark 
fuscous,  with  three  pale  yellowish  spots,  one  un  the  fold  before  llie  mid- 
dle (indistinctly  produced  towards  the  inner  margin),  one  on  the  inner 
margin  at  the  anal  angle,  and  one,  posterior  to  it,  on  the  eosta  ;  cilia 
pale  fuscous,  the  tips  whitish.  Posterior  wings  pale  greyish-fuscous, 
with  paler  cilia. 

Among  nn'xed  uiulerwood  at  Torwood,  and  near  Kilinun,  in 
.Inly. 

fl.  incongruella,  Sta.  Cat.  p.  15   (1819).     Alis  antieis  nitidulis     rpr  TT 
fuscis.      I'lxp.  al.  T)  lin.  ,y 

1  lead  and  face  dark  fuscous.     I'alpi  rather  paler.     Anteinue  greyish-      Q    '^~^ 
fuscous,      .\nterior  wings  rather  glossy  fuscous,  with  paler  cilia.      Pos- 
terior wings  pale  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Not  scarce  in  March  and  April,  on  the  moors  in  tlie  norfli  of 
Emrland. 


fienus  XXV.     PANCALIA.     ^n:-T   \^ 

P(n/calia  ]).,  ('urt.  1>.  E.  Co.  301  (IS.'U))  ;  Step.  C/uysocs/J/ia  p..  Hub. 
G''cop/torti  \).,  'Vviiii.  ;    Dup.  ;    Zell.  ;   Zctt. 

Caput  retruetiiia,  capillis  apprcssis,  IVontc  obtusa.  Ocelli  nulli.  Au- 
tenn;c  artieulis  confertis,  eompressis,  apicem  versus  altcuuata\ 
Haustellum  mediocre.  I'alpi  retlexi,  articulo  secundo  com]n-(;sso, 
Utvi,  articulo  terminali  aciito.  Ahu  elongata^,  apiee  ])roducto,  pos- 
teriores  angulo  anali  obtuso  ;  anteriores  :  eellula  discoidalis  angusta, 
valde   clougata ;    veu;o   apicalis   ramus   inferior  supra  apicem  exit  ; 


108  UELEClIIDiE. 

vena   subdorsalis  s'nDpJe.v ;    [josteriorcs :    e   vcnula    transversa   Vena 

•Kiilca  pi'ocedii. 

Head  retracted,  with  appresscd  scales,  in  front  obtuse.  (3celli  none, 
Antennie  with  thickly-set,  compressed  joints,  attenuated  towards  the 
a])ex  (in  one  continental  species  with  erect  projecting  scales  in  the  mid- 
dle, NodoficUa).  Tongue  of  moderate  length,  with  a  few  scales  towards 
the  base.  Palpi  reflexed ;  the  second  joint  compressed,  smooth  ;  the 
terminal  joint  pointed.  Wings  elongate,  with  the  apex  produced  ;  the 
posterior  with  obtuse  anal  angle.  In  the  anterior  wings  the  narrow, 
discoidal  cell  is  extremely  elongate ;  the  lower  branch  of  the  a|)ieal  vein 
runs  into  the  costa  before  tiie  apex ;  the  subdorsal  vein  is  siDipJe ;  in 
the  ))osterior  wings  a  s'uiffh  vem  proceeds  from  the  transverse  vein. 

A\^e  have  but  two  species  of  this  genus  in  this  country ;  tlicy 
are  exceedingly  similar,  the  main  point  of  difference  being  in  the 
antennse.  A  third  species  is  known  on  tlie  continent,  also  differ- 
ing in  the  antennae.  The  larva  of  none  of  the  species  are  known; 
Ratzebnrg,  it  is  true,  says  of  Lcuwcnhocl-elln,  "  bred  by  Herr  Zebe 
from  the  bark  of  larch-trees,"  but  in  this  nuist  be  some  mistake, 
as  tlie  perfect  insects  are  not  fou)ul  amongst  trees,  but  frequent 
open  ilowery  places  amongst  short  grass. 

1.  Latreillella,  Curt.  E.  E.  fo.  30t  (1830);  Step.;  Sta.  Alis 
anticis  saturate  aurantiis,  basi,  costa,  dorso,  margineque  postico  saturate 
fuscis,  maculis  tribus  costcc  (tertia  ad  costara  dilute  luteo-alba)  dua- 
bus  plicic,  unaquc  dorsi  viridi-aureis ;  anleniii'i  loinm  fuscis.  Exp.  al. 
0  hn. 

Head  and  face  very  dark  bronzy-green.  Palpi  dark  fuscous,  inter- 
nally dirty  whitish.  JnU'inuc  enlireJij  dark  fuscous.  Anterior  wings 
deep  orange,  with  the  base,  costa,  inner  and  hinder  margins  dark  fus- 
cous, with  six  golden-green  spots,  the  first  rather  transverse  on  the 
costa  near  the  base,  the  second  on  the  costa  before  the  middle,_the  third 
elongated,  pointing  inwardly,  near  the  costa  towards  the  apex  (produced 
on  the  costa  as  a  pale  yellowish-wliite  spot),  the  fourth  on  the  fold  below 
the  first  costal  spot,  and  almost  united  with  it,  the  fifth  on  tlie  fold 
before  the  middle  is  smaller,  and  the  sixth  is  larger  on  the  iimer  mai'- 
giu  beyond  the  middle ;  above  the  anal  angle  are  some  golden-green 
scales  not  forming  a  definite  spot ;  cilia  fuscous.  I'osterior  wings  fus- 
cous, with  a  slight  l)ronzy  tinge,  with  pale  fuscous  cilia. 

A  specimen  is  in  Mr.  Curtis's  collection ;  and  I  have  seen  a  few 
others. 

2.  Leuwenhoekella,  Lin.  P.  S.   MOO   (1701);  W.  V. ;  Pab. ; 
'H-V-       Haw.;   Step.;    Zctt.  ;   ZcU.  ;   ^iA.ScIuiiidU'lta,   Preit. ;    \)n\).—m<'l.al- 

\j:<-'-  li'Ua,  \V.  "^ .'i—Sc/iiC(tr:(dl(t,  Pab,?  Alis  anticis  saturate  aurantiis, 
basi,  costa,  dorso,  marginccpie  postico  saturate  fuscis,  maculis  tril)us 
costa'  (tertia  ad  costam  dilute  luteo-alba)  duabus  plica%  unaque  dorsi 
viridi-aureis;  antennis  fuscis,  infra  aimeiiL  alhls.     Exp.  al.  5^  lin. 


c;lypiiiptl:ry(;ii).k.  1  HO 

Differs  only  from  the  preceding  in  the  antennjc,  which  liave  a  broad 
white  ring  before  the  apex. 

Commou  iii  dry  grassy  places  among  flowers,  in  j\lay  and  June. 


Family  YI.     GLYPHIPTERYGID.E. 

Caput  plerisque  IcEvissimum.     Palpi  maxillarcs  brevissimi.     Al?e   an- 

teriores    oblongas   vel  elongate,   posteriores   ovatfc   vel  lanccolata?. 

Volatus  diiinius. 

Ilrad  mostly  extremely  smooth.  JMaxillary  paljii  very  short,  rarely 
perceptible.  Anterior  wings  oblong  or  elongate;  the  posterior  ovate 
or  lanceolate.     Flight  diurual. 

A  rather  natural  family,  of  which  many  of  the  species  arc  of 
guy  colours,  delighting  to  fly  in  the  hot  sunshine.  The  species 
of  the  smaller  genera  are  brifliant  little  insects,  running  about 
with  great  activity  on  the  leaves  of  the  plants  they  frequent ;  the 
species  of  the  genus  GJijphipterijx,  remarkable  for  the  rich  colour- 
ing of  the  anterior  wings,  have  the  peculiarity  of  alternately  raising 
and  dejn'cssing  their  wings,  as  though  fanning  themselves,  when  at 
rest.  ]\Iost  of  the  genera  appear  in  the  summer,  but  some  species 
of  the  genus  Acrohpla  appear  at  the  end  of  autunni,  and,  hyber- 
natiiig,  are  met  with  early  in  spring.  The  larvai  of  luislcrstam- 
mia,  Acrolepia,  and  Glj/p/iipter^x  have  been  observed,  but  do  not 
exhibit  any  ])eculiarity,  and  would  readily  pass  for  larva)  of  the 
previous  family. 


Genus  T.     ACROLEPIA.      (p{. Y-    1\ 


a.  -' 


Acrolepia,  Curt.  E.  E.  679  (183S).     lliJslerstariimia  p.,  Zcll. ;  Dup. 

Capilli  in  vertice  et  occijnte  hirsuti,  cajtcrum  htvigati.  Ocelli  iniUi. 
Antenna;  tenues,  corjiorc  breviores.  TIaustelluin  mediocre,  nudum. 
Palpi  labiales  arcuati,  crassiusculi,  subconiprcssi ;  articulo  ultimo 
prrocedentem  longitudine  superaute,  acuminato.  Ahc  anteriores 
plerumque  elongatfB,  posteriores  ovato-lanceolatre,  longius  ciliatic ; 
anteriores :  vena  apicalis  simplex,  infra  earn  rami  G,  inter  se  dis- 
tantes  ;  cellula  secundaria  perfccta  ;  submcdiaiiic  apex  incrassatus  ; 
subdorsalis  longius  furcata ;  posteriores :  cellula  costalis  elongata, 
subito  coarctata  ;  vena  apicalis  simplex,  infra  cam  vena  furcata;  venae 
discoidalis  rami  duo  ultimi  in  furcam  coaliti. 

The  crown  and  hack  of  the  head  rough,  the  remainder  smooth.  Ocelli 
none.  Antennnc  slender,  shorter  than  the  body.  Tongue  of  moderate 
length,  naked.     Labial  palpi  arched,  rather  thick,  slightly  compressed ; 

VOL.  HI.  z 


170  GLYPHlPTKRYGIBiE. 

the  tei'minal  joint  longer  than  the  second,  pointed.  Anterior  wings 
generally  elongate  (in  one  speeles  oblong),  the  posterior  ovate-lanceo- 
late, with  rather  long  cilia.  In  the  anterior  wings  the  apical  vein  is 
simple,  below  it  are  six  veins  at  equal  distances ;  the  secondary  cell  is 
complete ;  the  apex  of  the  submedian  vein  is  thickened  ;  the  subdor- 
sal has  a  rather  long  fork.  In  the  posterior  wings  the  elongate  costal 
cell  is  suddenly  narrowed  ;  the  apical  vein  is  simple,  below  it  is  Si  fur- 
cate vein ;  the  two  last  branches  of  the  discoidal  vein  are  luiited  at 
their  origin. 

[  have  seen  but  three  British  species  in  this  genus,,  though  I 
have  no  reason  to  doubt  that  Beinklla  truly  belongs  here;  and 
I  believe  Mr.  Curtis  has  specimens  of  a  fifth  species,  which  ap- 
peared to  me  too  wasted  to  describe.  The  perfect  insects  appear 
of  a  very  quiet  disposition^  more  especially  on  their  first  quitting 
the  pu])a  state,  and  are  more  frequently  met  with  on  the  wing 
after  hybernation ;  p/jymccuna  will  remain  motionless  nearly 
tliroughout  the  winter;  graniieUa  also  liybernates,  but  I  am  not 
aware  whether  pcrlep'ulella  and  Beluhlhi  do  likewise,  though  I 
think  it  extremely  probable. 

The  larvoe  of  the  two  former  only  are  known ;  tjiey  may  be 
found  in  summer  and  beginning  of  autumn,  mining  the  leaves  of 
Holannm  Dulcamara  and  Inula  (I//seuf erica  XQ^^cci'wi^Xy,  pj/ipuceana , 
from  the  numerous  large  whitish  blotches  it  makes,  being  very 
easily  detected ;  both  species  construct  delicate  open  network 
cocoons. 

The  pale  spot  in  the  cilia  of  the  anterior  wings  appears  to  indi- 
cate an  affinity  to  the  species  of  the  genus  GlijpJnpteryx. 

The  genus  may  be  thus  subdivided  : — 
a.  Anterior  wings  oblong.     Species  1. 
a  a.  Anterior  wings  elongate.     Species  2-4. 

1.  perlepidella,  Sta.  Cat.  p.  19  (1849).  Alis  anticis  aurantiis 
nigro-suilasis,  fascia  fere  recta  ante  medium  lutea  (squaniis  ca>ruleo-gri- 
seis  in  medio  interrupta),  fascia  obliqua  postica  lutea  (stpiamis  cajruleo- 
griseis  valdc  interrupta),  maculis  duabus  posticis  costre  luteis,  apice 
cteruleo-atro.      Exp.  al.  5  liu. 

Head  ferruginous.  Eace  fuscous.  Palpi  yellowish.  Antenna?  yel- 
lowish, annulatcd  with  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  orange,  much  suffused 
with  black,  especially  towards  the  base  and  along  the  costa,  with  a  pale 
yellow  nearly  straight  fascia  before  the  middle  (which  appears  somewhat 
interru]itc(l  by  some  bluish-grey  scales  in  the  middle) ;  beyond  it  is  a 
second  jiale  yellow  fascia  more  obH(|uely  placed  (the  central  portion  of 
which  is  entirely  sulfused  with  bluish-grey,  leaving  only  a  distinct  pale 
yellow  spot  on  each  margin) ;  beyond  this  are  two  small  pale  yellow 
spots  on  the  costa,  which  soon  unite,  and  are  eonlinui'd  as  a  bluish  fas- 
cia nearly  across  <  ho  wing ;  the  entire  apical  portion  of  the  wing  is 


ACKOLEPIA.  171 

nearly  filletl  up  willi  bluish-black  ;  (.'ilia  oranpjc,  mixed  with  l)luish-groy. 
Posterior  wings  grey,  with  ))aler  cilia. 

This  beautiful  sjjecies  is  extremely  rare ;  a  specimen  recently 
taken  at  Darentii  ^Voo(l,  in  May,  is  in  ^fr.  Slie])her{l's  collection. 
Mr.  Douglas  lias  a  specimen,  of  the  locality  of  which  he  is  not 
aware. 

2.  granitella,  Trcit.  E.  S.  ix.  2.  2(55  (1833);  F.  v.  R.  pi.  8  ;  JM  tt". 
Zell. ;  Diip.'r  Alis  auticis  griseo,  albo,  I'uscoque,  marnioratis,  macula  ^  ^  «  " 
fusca  dorsali  ante  medium,  utriiupie  albido-niaculata,  macula  altera  i  \a-c_ 
fusca,  maculam  parvam  albam  includentc,  ad  angulum  analcui.     Exp. 

al.  6  lin. 

Head  greyish-fuscous.  Face  grey.  Palpi  grey,  with  two  fuscous 
rings.  Antenna;  whitish,  annulated  with  fuscous.  Anterior  wings 
marbled  with  grey,  white  and  fuscous,  with  two  more  consj^icuous  fus- 
cous spots  on  the  inner  margin,  one  before  the  middle  reaching  to  tiie 
fold,  with  a  whitish  spot  on  each  side  of  it,  the  other  towards  the  anal 
angle  not  crossing  the  fold,  and  including  a  small  white  s])ot  on  the 
inner  margin;  beyond  the  middle  of  the  costa  are  four  or  five  fuscous 
sjiots,  the  two  last  of  which  are  preceded  by  whitish  spots  ;  cilia  grey- 
ish-fuscous.    Posterior  wings  grey,  with  i)aler  cilia. 

Appears  in  July  among  Inula  (lifsentcrlca,  continuing  (hrougli- 
out  the  autumn,  hybernated  specimens  occurring  as  late  as  June, 
when  the  larvae  are  already  nearly  full-fed,  mining  the  leaves  of 
that  })lant. 

3.  pygmseana,  Haw.  L.  B.  438  (1812). — nntumnUcUa,  Ctu-t. — 
Lefeljvri>-U„,  ])up.  xi.  pi.  2'JO.  f.  II.— IlclniicIJa,  Zell.;  Il.-S.— /7ryt'- 
liella,  Dup.?  Alis  anticis  brunneo  all)ido(jue  marmoratis,  macula  tri- 
angulari  squamas  nonuuUas  nigras  includentc,  in  medio  dorsi,  albida, 
macula  obliqua  cost;e  pone  medium  nigra,  stria  postica  disci  nigra. 
Exp.  al.  5i  lin. 

llead  ferruginous.  Face  fuscous.  Palpi  whitish,  with  two  faint 
fuscous  rings.  Antenna;  whitish,  annulated  with  fuscous.  Anterior 
wings  marbled  with  pale  brown  and  whitish,  with  a  rather  conspicuous 
triangular  whitish  spot,  including  .some  black  scales  on  the  middle  of 
the  imicr  margin  ;  on  the  costa  a  little  beyond  the  middle  is  a  short 
oblicpic  black  spot;  towards  the  apex  arc  three  small  whitish  spots  on 
the  costa  and  two  on  the  inner  margin  ;  on  the  disc  near  the  ajicx  is  a 
short  black  streak,  followed  by  some  bluish-grey  scales ;  cilia  iuscous, 
with  a  pale  yellowish  dash  in  the  middle  of  the  hinder  margin.  Pos- 
terior wings  grey,  paler  at  the  base,  with  paler  grey  cilia. 

Ap[)ears  in  the  autumn,  but  rarely  met  with  till  the  spring, 
W'hen  they  arc  occasionally  seen  Hying  on  hot  suiniy  afternoons. 
I  well  remember  finding  three  s])ccimcns  on  such  an  afternoon, 
on  the  8rd  of  A])ril,  IS  IS.  The  larva  may  be  met  with  from 
July  to   September,   mining  the   leaves  of  Solaiiitni   Dulcamara, 


172  GLYPHIPTERYGIB.'E. 

rather  gregariously,  there  being  generally  twenty  or  more  on  one 
plant. 

4.  Betulella,  Curt.  B.  E.  fo.  G79  (1S3S). 
Taken  by  Mr,  Dale  on  birch-trees  at  Castle  Eden  Dene,  in  Au- 
gust; unicjue  in  his  collection. 


Genus  II.     ROSLERSTAMMIA.     H-T.  (1 

Roslerstammia  p.,  Zell.  Isis,  1839.  p.  202;  Dup.     Adida  p.,  Treit. 

CapilU  in  occlpite  et  vertice  Jdrsuti,  caeterum  decumbeutes.  Ocelli  null!. 
AntenucC  crass'msculce,  filiformes,  microscope  pubescente-ciliatfe,  cor- 
poi'e  lomjiores.  liausteUum  mediocre,  nudum.  Palpi  labiales,  fili- 
formes,  mcdiocres,  penduli  vel  subporrecti,  articulo  tertio  pra;cedentem 
lougitudine  et  crassitie  suba?quaiile,  acuto.  Ala3  oblonga3,  posteriores 
ovata?,  ciUis  mediocribus ;  auteriores :  vena  apicalis  farcata,  infra 
eam  rami  5  inter  se  distantes  ;  cellula  secundaria  bene  indicata  ;  sub- 
mediana3  apex  incrassatus ;  vena  subdorsaHs  longe  furcata ;  poste- 
riores :  cellula  costalis  elougata ;  vena  apicalis  simplex,  infra  cam 
vense  duaj  simpliccs ;  vena;  discoidalis  rami  duo  ultimi  furcam  for- 
mant. 

The  crovm  and  hack  of  tJie  head  rough,  the  remainder  with  decumbent 
scales.  Ocelli  none.  Antcnn;ic  rather  fhtch,  filiform  (viewed  through 
a  lens,  with  pubescent  ciliations).  longer  than  the  Jjodij.  Tongue  of  mo- 
derate lengtli,  naked.  Labial  palpi  filiform,  of  moderate  length,  droop- 
ing or  rather  porrect ;  the  third  joint  nearly  equal  in  length  and  thick- 
ness to  the  second,  pointed.  Wings  oblong,  the  posterior  ovate,  with 
moderate  cilia.  In  the  anterior  wings  the  apical  vein  is  furcate,  below 
it  are  five  veins  at  equal  distances  ;  the  secondary  cell  is  well  indicated  ; 
the  apex  of  the  submedian  vein  is  thickened ;  the  subdorsal  vein  has  a 
long  fork.  In  the  posterior  wings  the  costal  cell  is  elongate ;  the 
apical  vein  is  simple,  below  it  are  two  simple  veins ;  the  two  last 
branches  of  the  discoidal  vein  form  a  fork. 

There  is  only  one  species  in  this  genus,  which  has  .some  resem- 
blance to  an  AilcJa. 

^  -^  1.  Erxlebella,  Fab.   Man.  ii.   250.   27   {\l^l).—fi(sco-cuprella, 

vH  -  V  ■  ILiw. ;  Step. — chri/Hitella,  Treit. — rf'wtW/c/,  Dap.  ? — Erxlebenidla,  \Ae- 
ma-*^  nig?  Alis  anticis  nitide  cupreis,  dorsum  versus  dilutioribus.  Exp.  al. 
'  6i  lin. 

Head  dark  yellow.  Face  and  palpi  pale  yellow.  Antenna;  black,  a 
short  space  before  the  a]jex  white.  Anterior  wings  bright-coppery,  to- 
wards the  inner  margin  ratlu^r  paler ;  cilia  coppery-grey.  Posterior 
wings  violet-fuscous,  with  j)alcr  cilia. 

Appears  in  June,  on  heaths,  but  hitherto  very  scarce.      (Ac- 


GLYPMirTEllYX.  173 

cording  to  Tisclicr,  the  larva  fcetls  on  heath,  (h'awing  the  k'avcs 
together  by  its  silken  threads,  and  is  full-grown  at  the  end  of 
June;  the  perfect  insect  appears  in  July  or  August.  Lienig  says 
that  the  larva  lives  on  the  underside  of  the  leaves  of  the  lime  in 
May  and  September.  From  the  habitats  of  the  insect  with  us, 
Tischer's  account  is  more  probably  correct.) 


Genus  III.     GLYPHIPTERYX. 


^M^A'^'^ 


Gli/p/i/pfen/x  p.,  lliib.  V.  421  (ISIG).  yKchmhi  p.,  Treit. ;  Dup. ; 
Zell.     (Ecophora  p.,  Zett.     Ilerihela  et  CaUlsto  p.,  Step. 

Caput  licvig-atum.  Frons  lata.  Ocelli  vtagni,  pone  oeulos.  Antenna; 
tenues,  cor])ore  breviores,  articulis  distinetis.  llaustelkun  mediocre, 
nudum.  Palpi  labiales  arcuati,  crassiusculi,  intra  setoso-pilosuli, 
articulo  tcrtio  acuminato,  pra'cedentem  longitudinc  requante.  Ala? 
oblongfe  vel  elongata;,  mediocriter  ciliata;,  posteriores  subovatic  vel 
lanceolata; ;  anteriores  :  vena  apicalis  simplex  ante  apicem  excurrit, 
infra  earn  rami  6  discreti ;  cellula  secundaria  bene  indicala ;  sub- 
mediana  rarius  incrassata;  subdorsalis  breviter  furcata  ;  posteriores: 
cellula  costalis  elongata  ;  vena  apicalis  simplex,  infra  cam  vena;  dua; 
separata?. 

Head  smooth.  Forehead  broad.  Ocelli  large,  behind  the  eyes. 
Antennre  slender,  shorter  than  the  body,  with  distinct  joints.  Tongue 
of  moderate  length,  naked.  Labial  palpi  arched,  rather  thick,  beneath 
with  rather  bristly  hairs  ;  terminal  joint  pointed,  as  long  as  the  second. 
Wings  oblong  or  elongate,  with  moderately  long  cilia ;  the  jiosterior 
rather  ovate,  or  lanceolate.  In  the  anterior  wings  the  simple  apical 
vein  runs  into  the  costa  before  the  apex ;  below  it  arc  six  separate 
veins ;  the  secondary  cell  is  well  indicated ;  the  submedian  vein  is 
rarely  thickened  towards  the  apex  (slightly  so  in  fascoviridella  and 
Tlirasonella,  but  not  at  all  in  the  other  species) ;  the  subdorsal  vein 
has  a  short  fork  (in  fuscovifide.lla  and  Thramnella,  being  simple  in  the 
remaining  species).  In  the  posterior  wings  tlie  costal  cell  is  elongate ; 
the  apical  vein  is  simple ;  below  it  are  two  separate  veins. 

It  is  difficult  to  subdivide  this  genus,  the  change  from  one 
species  to  another  being  so  gradual ;  thus  fascovlndcUa  agrees 
with  Thrasonella,  in  having  the  antenna)  pubescent ;  yet  T/inuso- 
nella  diiTers  from  fascoclrldcUa  in  having  the  anterior  wings 
slightly  retase  below  the  rounded  apex,  in  which  respect  it 
agrees  witli  Haioort/iaiia,  cquitella,  etc. ;  again  ILaioortkana  has 
rather  ovate  posterior  wings,  with  only  moderate  cilia ;  whereas 
equilella  and  the  following  species  have  lanceolate  i)osterior  wings 
with  longer  ciha. 


174  GLYPHIPTEKYOID.«. 

In  habit  all  the  perfect  insects  of  this  genus  are  true  daj'- 
fliers,  flying  in  the  sunshine  from  May  to  July;  and  when  at 
rest  alternately  raising  and  depressing  the  wings,  which  clia- 
racteristic  may  easily  be  observed  with  T/irasoiiella,  wdiich  may 
be  found  swarming  amongst  rushes  everywhere  in  June ;  fiisco- 
vindella  has  the  same  peculiarity,  though  in  a  less  degree  than 
the  other  species,  it  frequents  flowery  places  among  short  grass, 
in  May  and  June ;  the  little  Fischeriella  shows  no  especial  par- 
tiality for  any  particular  plant,  but  I  have  often  observed  it  sit- 
ting on  the  flowers  of  Aiitltriscus  s?/Jvesiris,  the  white  petals  of 
which  served  to  show  ofl'  to  advantage  the  nearly  black  wings  of 
the  elegant  species ;  I  have  also  observed  it  swarming  round  the 
twigs  of  young  fir-trees. 

None  of  the  larvpe  of  this  genus  were  known  till  ]\Ir.  Weir 
discovered  last  summer  that  of  cquitella,  feeding  inside  the  shoots 
of  the  Sednm  acre ;  it  exhibited  no  peculiarity  in  structure;  the 
larvre  of  the  other  species  still  remain  undiscovered. 

fPCYT  ^-  f^scoviridella,  Haw.  L.  B.   5r.9   (1839);  ^iai^.—albicosteUa, 

^     ~r  '     l)iip-  xi.  pi.  302.  f.  3.     AUs  anticis  viridi-teueis,  ipsa  costa  pouc  mc- 
K^-t>^       dium  alba.     Exp.  al.  6-6*  hn. 

Head  and  face  dark  bronzy-green.  Palpi  fuscous.  Autenua}  dark 
fuscous.  Anterior  wings  shining  bronzy-green,  with  the  extreme  c  ista 
beyond  the  middle  white ;  cilia  pale  bronzy-green,  with  the  tips  white. 
Posterior  wings  grey,  with  ])aler  cilia. 

Yery  abundant  in  flowery  meadows,  and  in  open  places  in 
woods,  from  the  middle  of  May  to  the  middle  of  June. 

2.  Thrasonella,  Scop.  P.  C.  253.  6.58  (1763);  Dup.  xi.  pi.  304. 

rp^Yr        f-  1>  2;  P.  V.  R.  pi.  83.  f.  \.—FiieMla,  Vah.—lu/esldla,  Pab. ;  Step. 

^     T:  '      — Seppdla,   II lib. — trigutteUa,  Don. — JiUi/dln,  Hiib. — equUella,  var. 

|''c*-^  Seppi'lla,  Treit.  Alis  anticis  saturate  viridi-.cneis,  strigulis  quinque 
costcC  (ad  costam  ipsam  alljis)  strigulisque  duabus  dorsi  {jrrima  media 
fere  obmleUi)  C(eridm-ar(jentels,macida  oblonga  ad  anguluui  M\d\cm.  atra, 
])uucta  tria  violaceo-argcntea  includente,  apicc  saturate //Mro-squaniato. 
Exp.  al.  6-6^  lin. 

Head  and  face  dark  fuscous.  Palpi  whitish,  with  two  dark  fuscous 
rings.  Antennas  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  dark  bronzy-green,  with  five 
hluisJi-sdvery  streaks  from  the  costa,  which  are  white  immediately  on 
the  costa,  with  a.  faint  hluish-silveri/  streak  from  the  middle  of  the  inner 
'margin,  and  a  more  distinct  one  towards  the  anal  angle ;  above  the 
anal  angle  is  a  black  blotch,  enclosing  three  silvery-violet  spots ;  at  the 
ajiex  are  a  few  dark/wseows  scales;  cilia  greenish-bronze,  with  the  tips 
whitish.     Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Very  abundant  amongst  rushes  in  -lune  and  July,  throughout 
the  country.     There  is  considerable  diversity  in  the  size  of  the 


GLYPIIIPTERYX.  175 

specimens,  and  the  distinctness  of  the  markings,  but  I  have  been 
unable  to  distinguish  more  tlian  one  species. 

3.  Haworthana,  Stop.  II.  iv.  263.  pi.  39.  f.  2  (ISS-i). —ZoiieUa, 
Zett.  Alls  autiris  saturate  viriili-tcneis,  stric/ula  distinctiore  curvata 
alba  in  medio  dorsi,  strigulis  posticis  (piiuque  costtf,  una  dorsi  ad  an- 
gulum  aualein,  albis,  apicibus  argcnteis,  maculis  tribus  supra  anguhnu 
analeiu  argeuteis,  apicc  atro-sqimmalo.     Exp.  al.  6  lin. 

Head  and  face  dark  fuscous.  Palpi  white,  beneath  fuscous.  An- 
tenna" fuscous.  Anterior  wings  dark  bronzy-green,  with  a  conspicuous 
curved  white  streak  o\\  the  middle  of  the  inner  margin  ;  beyond  are  five 
short  tchite  streaks  from  the  costa  and  one  from  the  inner  margin  at 
the  anal  angle,  all  with  silvery  apices ;  aljove  the  anal  angle  arc  three 
silvery  spots  ;  at  the  apex  of  the  wing  are  afeiv  black  scales,  not  forming 
a  round  spot ;  an  inconspicuous  dark  hook  runs  tin'ough  the  cilia  ;  cilia 
dark  fuscous,  the  tips  whitish.     Posterior  wings  grey,  with  whitish  cilia. 

Occurs  on  heaths,  in  the  north  of  England,  in  May  and  July. 

4.  equitella,  Scop.  F.  C.  254.  G59  (1703);  Treit. ;  Zelh  ;  F.r.R.   (T>P  TV  1 1 
pi.  S)>.L-2.—Kle:mannella,Yi\\i.—Forsterella,  Fab.?  Haw.?— /^«;y/mV/6r,   ^- 11^  ^^ 
Step.?      Alls  anticis  saturate  tcneo-griseis,   basim  versus  dilutioribus,  (T>r  "y~  1 1  -  \  i  -  "^ 
strigula  curvata  in  medio  dorsi,  strigulaqne  opposita  obliqua  costre,  dis-  v\-JS  ' -^/'^  * 
tinctioribus  albis,  strigulis  posticis  (|uatuor  costa;,  una  dorsi  ad  angu- 

lum  analem,  albis,  apicibus  argcnteis,  maculis  duabus  supra  angulum 
analera  violaceo-argentcis, /;?<;/c;fo  apicis  atro.     Exp.  al.  I.j  lin. 

Head  dark  fuscous.  Face  grey.  Palpi  white,  with  four  black  rings. 
AntenucC  dark  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  dark  bronzy-grey,  paler  at  the 
base,  with  a  conspicuous  curved  white  streak  from  the  middle  of  the 
inner  margin,  terminating  in  the  middle  of  the  wing,  where  it  nearly 
meets  a  co)ispicuous  oblique  white  streak  from,  the  costa ;  beyond  the 
latter  are  four  short,  nearly  straight,  white  streaks,  with  silvery  apices, 
and  from  the  anal  angle  is  a  white  streak  with  a  silvery  apex,  almost 
meeting  the  second  costal  streak ;  above  the  anal  angle  are  two  silvery- 
violet  spots ;  in  the  apex  is  a  round  black  spot,  above  which  is  a  blaek 
hook  projecting  through  the  cilia  ;  cilia  very  dark  brown,  tips  whitish. 
Posterior  wings  grey,  with  a  slight  violet  tint,  with  paler  cilia. 

Abundant  at  the  end  of  June  and  beginning  of  July,  flying 
over  the  blossoms  of  stonecrop  {Sednrn  acre).  The  larva  burrows 
in  the  shoots  of  that  plant  in  May. 

5.  oculatella,  Zcll.  Ent.  Ztg.  1850.  p.  157;  H.-S.  Tin.  pi.  39. 
f.  2(55  ;  Sta. —  Lncanella,  Dup.  ?  Alis  anticis  saturate  a?neo-brumicis, 
strigula  in  medio  dorsi  swZieurvata  distinctiore  alba,  strigulis  posticis 
(piinque  costjc,  una  dorsi  ad  angulum  analem  albis,  apicibus  argcnteis, 
maculis  tribus  sujjra  angulum  analem  violacco-argcnteis,  puncto  apicis 
atro  argenteo-pupillato.     Exp.  al.  \\  lin. 

Head  and  face  dark  fuseous.  Palpi  whitish.  Antenn:i)  dark  fus- 
cous.    Anterior  wings  dark  bronzy-brown,  with  a  conspicuous  slightly 


176  OLYPHIl'TEHYGID.'E. 

curved  white  streak  on  the  middle  of  the  inner  margin ;  beyond  are 
five  short  wliite  streaks  from  the,  costa  with  silvery  apices,  and  a  small 
white  streak  from  the  anal  angle  with  its  apex  silvery ;  above  the  anal 
angle  are  three  silvci'y-violet  spots,  and  in  the  apex  of  the  wing  is  a  round 
black  spot,  with  a  ailvenj  pupil ;  above  this  a  little  black  hook  projects 
through  the  cilia  ;  cilia  dark  brown,  the  tips  whitish.  Posterior  wings 
greyish-brown,  with  paler  cilia. 

Taken  by  Mr,  Weir,  near  PemLury,  in  June,  among  Eupato- 
rlnm  cannallnuhi. 

6.  Fischeriella,  Zell.  Isis,  1839.  p.  20]^.—ROsIerstammeUa,Y.v.'R. 
{desiderdla),  pi.  83.  f.  3  ;  Dup. — desidrratella,  Dup. — Forsterella,  Step.? 
—Forsierella,  var.  ^.  Haw.  ? — simjjUcella,  Step.  ? — cognatdla.  Step.  ? 
— equittdta,  Dup.  ? — -J^cJimieUa,  Dup.  ?  Alis  anticis  saturatissime  (eneo- 
griseis,  strigulis  quinrpie  costaj,  duabus  dorsi  (prima  in  medio  curvata), 
albis,  apicibus  argenteis,  macida  supra  angulum  analem  violacea,  puncto 
apicis  atro.     Exp.  al.  3^—1  lin. 

Head  and  face  dark  fuscous.  Palpi  white,  with  four  black  rings. 
Antennae  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  very  dark  hroiizy-gnn/,  with  two 
white  streaks  on  the  inner  margin,  the  first  near  the  middle  curved  and 
pointing  towards  the  apex  of  the  wing,  the  second  at  the  anal  angle 
short  and  nearly  straight ;  on  the  costa  are  five  white  streaks,  the  first 
about  the  middle,  placed  obliquely  pointing  towards  the  anal  angle, 
the  second  is  less  obliquely  placed,  and  the  other  three  are  shorter  and 
nearly  straight ;  all  these  streaks  have  their  apices  silvery ;  above  the 
anal  angle  is  a  violet  spot,  and  at  the  apex  of  the  wing  is  a  round  black 
spot,  above  which  is  a  little  black  hook  projecting  through  the  cilia ; 
cilia  dark  brown,  the  tips  whitish.  Posterior  wings  violet-grey,  with 
paler  cilia. 

From  May  to  July,  this  sjjccies  is  frequently  abundant  among 
jiowers,  in  most  localities. 


Genus  IV.     -flSCHMIA.  ^  Yl  •  "2-^" 


-C- 


yEchiiia  p.,  Zell.  Isis,  1839.  p.  203. 

Capilli  depressi.  Prons  lata.  Ocelli  nuUi.  Antenna:;  crassiitsculce, 
filiformcs  (microsco]K>  pubesccntes),  articulo  basali  brevi.  Haustel- 
luni  subnuUum.  Palpi  niaxillares  filiformcs,  conniventes.  Palpi 
labiales  breves,  pcnduli,  filiformcs,  articulo  tertio  distineto  aeuminato. 
Alaj  longe  ciliatcC,  anteriores  latiuscidcs  ciliis  valdc  dilatat;ie,  dorso 
deidem  squahiarum  (jcrente,  posteriores  lanceolato-ovatie ;  anteriores  : 
ccUula  discoidalis  ol)tusa,  secundaria  nulla ;  vena  apicalis  furcata, 
infra  cam  5  valdc  distautes ;  submcdiana  vix  incrassata ;  subdorsalis 
loiigc  furcata;  posteriores:  celiula  costalis  elongata,  angusta;  vena 
apicalis  simplex,  infra  cam  vena;  dutr  discrcttc ;  vcmc  discoidalis 
rami  duo  ultimi  separati. 


I'KRITTIA.  I  II 

Head  smootli.  Foivhoad  broad.  Ocelli  none.  Antenna'  radwr 
thick,  filiform  (viewed  through  a  lens,  pubescent),  the  basal  joint  short. 
Tongue  very  short,  barely  perceptible.  ]Maxillary  palpi  filiform,  con- 
iiivent.  Labial  pal]n  short,  droopini;-,  filiform,  the  third  joint  distinct, 
pointed.  Wings  with  long  cilia,  the  anlcrior  rather  Ijroad,  appearing 
considerably  broader  from  the  cilia,  the  imm-  marr/in  benrhnj  a  project- 
ing tooth  of  scales,  the  posterior  ovalc-lanceolate.  In  the  anterior  wings 
the  discoidal  cell  is  obtuse;  there  is  no  secondary  cell;  the  apical  vein 
is  forked ;  below  it  are  ^we.  remote  veins ;  the  snbmcdian  is  hardly 
thickened ;  the  snbdorsal  has  a  long  fork.  In  the  posterior  wings  the 
costal  cell  is  narrow  and  elongate,  the  ajncal  vein  is  simple,  below  it 
are  two  separate  veins ;  the  two  last  branches  of  the  discoidal  cell  arc 
not  united  in  a  fork. 

Only  a  single  species  is  known  in  this  genus,  and  little  is  known 
of  its  habits ;  the  larva  is  entirely  unknown. 

1.  dentella,  Zell.  Isis,  1839,  p.  201;  P.  v.  11.  pi.  S3,  f.  Z.—si(I)-  ^ 

denteUa,  Sta. — alrella,  Step.     Alls  anticis  saturate  fuscis,  albido-irro-  (W . A/  V 
ratis,  maculis  duabus  obsoletis  dorsi  dilutioribus,  dente  e  medio  dorsi  . 

saturate  fusca.     Exp.  al.  \\  lin.  .^ 

Head  and  face  dark  fuscous.  I'alpi  grey.  Antenn;c  I'uscous.  An- 
terior wings  dark  fuscous,  irrorated  with  wliitish  scales,  with  two  indis- 
tinct pale  spots  on  the  inner  margin,  one  a  little  before  the  middle,  the 
other  at  the  anal  angle ;  in  the  middle  of  the  inner  margin  is  a  pro- 
jecting tooth  of  dark  fuscous  scales ;  cilia  dark  fuscous.  Posterior 
wings  dark  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Not  common;  occurs  at  Sanderstcad,  in  ]\lay.  I  nu-t  with  it 
near  Clmdleigh,  in  June,  flying  from  a  hawthorn  jiedgc 


Genus  V.     PERITTIA,  n.  g.      5X3II.b 

Capilli  deprcssi.    Ocelli  nuUi.    Antenna>  tcnues,  mcdiocres.     llaustelluin 
mediocre,  squamatum.     Palpi  labiales  mcdiocres,  tennes,  filiformes, 
acuti,  penduli.     Ahia  longe  ciliata^  anteriores  elongatic,  posteriores 
lanceolata;;  anteriores:  cellula  discoidalis  acuta,  ex  angulo  suo  api- 
cali  furcam  in  ala;  apiccm  cmittens,  in  costam  venas  duas,  in  nun-- 
ginem  posticum  venas  tres ;    cellula  secundaria  nulla  ;  submcdiana 
breviter  incrassata;    subdorsalis  simplex;    posteriores:   cellula  cos- 
talis  perangusta  pone  medium  desinens  ;  vena*  subdorsalis  et  mediana 
fnrcatfe,  inter  eas  vena  unica  c  venula  transversa  procedit. 
Head   smooth.      Ocelli   none.      Antemia)  sloider,  moderately  long. 
Tongue  of  moderate  length,  clothed  with  scales.     Labial  palpi  mode- 
rately long,  slender,  filiform,  pointed,  drooping.      Wings  with  long  cilia, 
the  anterior  elongate,  the  posterior  lanceolate.      In  ttie  anterior  wings 
the  acute  discoidal  cell  emits  from  its  apical  angle  a  fork  iuto  the  apex 
of  the  wing,  two  veins  to  tlie  costa,  and  three  to  the  hinder  margin; 
vol..   III.  2   \ 


178  GLYPHTPTERYCiID'E. 

there  is  no  socoiulnry  cell ;  the  subinedian  is  thiekeiied  I'or  a  shon 
distance  ;  the  sal)dorsal  vein  is  sim])le.  In  the  ])Ostcrior  wings  the  very 
narrow  costal  cell  terminates  beyond  the  middle,  the  snl)dorsal  and 
median  veins  are  farcale,  between  them  a  single  vein  proceeds  from  the 
transverse  vein. 

There  is  only  one  species  in  this  genus ;  it  appears  early  in  the 
spring,  and  Hies  willingly  in  the  afternoon  among  mixed  hedges ; 
"when  at  rest  it  has  a  singular  bull-headed  appearance,  with  a 
slight  resemblance  to  a  BntaVis.     Its  larva  is  unknown. 

1.  obscurepunctella,  Sta.  Zool.  1818.  p.  2161. — olcre,  ITavv.  ? — 
oleella,  Step.  ?  Alls  anticis  nitidis  gTisco-fuscis.  pnnctis  duobns  obso- 
letis  (altero  plica?  media?,  altero  postcriore  disci)  fuscis.     Exj).  al,  4^  lin. 

Head  ami  face  greyish-fuscons.  Paljn  jialer.  Antennse  fnscous. 
Anterior  wings  shining  greyish-fuscous,  with  two  indistinct  fiiscons 
spots,  one  in  the  middle  on  the  fold,  followed  by  a  few  whitish  scales, 
the  other  on  the  disc  rather  beyond  the  middle ;  cilia  greyish-fuscous. 
Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Not  scarce  near  London  early  in  ]\Iay ;  also  occurs  near  Bristol. 


Genus  VI.     TIWAGMA.  W- Yi  -4^ 


TiNAGMA,  r>up.  Cat.  3(Jl  (1814).  Mlcrosctia  p.,  Step.  ^Tkluiiiu  p., 
Zell. 

Capilli  depressi.  Prons  lata.  Ocelli  uuUi.  Antennae;  bret^es,  C7'ass(e, 
valch'  couipressrr.  Ilaustellum  nullum.  Palpi  maxillares  breves,  acuti. 
Palpi  labiales  breves,  filiformes,  acuti,  penduli.  Ahe  longe  ciliatcB, 
anteriores  postice  ciliis  dilatatis,  postcriores  lanceolatfe ;  auteriores  : 
cellula  discoidalis  acuta,  ex  angulo  suo  apicali  furcam  in  ahc  apicem 
emittens,  in  costam  veiian  ducts,  in  margincm  posticura  venas  Ires ; 
cellula  secundaria  nulla;  submcdiana  non  incrassata  ;  vena  subdor- 
salis  crassa,  simplex ;  postcriores:  cellula  costalis  perangusta  in  me- 
dio dcsinens ;  venix)  subdorsalis  et  mediana  sii/zp/ices,  inter  eas  vena 
libera  unica  in  margincm  posticum  exit. 

Head  smooth.  Forehead  broad.  Ocelli  none.  Antenna?  s//o)i., 
iJiicl-,  verij  viuch  compressed.  Tongue  none.  ]\laxillary  jialpi  short, 
pointed.  Labial  palpi  short,  filiform,  pointed,  drooping.  Wings  with 
long  cilia,  the  anterior  with  the  cilia  expanded  posteriorly;  the  poste- 
rior hmceolate.  In  the  anterior  wings  the  acute  discoidal  cell  emits 
from  its  apical  angle  a  fork  into  the  apex  of  the  wing,  two  veins  to  the 
costa,  and  three  to  the  hinder  margin  ;  there  is  no  secondary  cell ;  the 
submcdian  vein  is  not  thickened  ;  the  thick  subdorsal  vein  is  simple. 
In  the  posterior  wings  the  extrenudy  narrow  costal  cell  terminates  in 
the  middle;  the  subdorsal  ami  median  veins  are  simple;  between  them 
a  sintile  free  vein  runs  into  the  hinder  margin. 


DOLta.ASlA.  17'.> 

'i'hrce  closely-alliccl  British  s])ecie.s  arc  known  in  tiiis  genus; 
iliey  lly  in  the  hot  sunsliine,  and  when  tliey  alight  on  a  h'af  viiu 
nimbly  on  it,  frcciueiitly  making  short  jerking  movements.  The 
position  of  the  wings  in  repose  is  rather  peculiar,  as  tlu^y  form  a 
very  acute  angle  at  their  union  over  the  back,  as  in  CUix  spimda. 
None  of  the  larva)  have  yet  been  discovered. 

1.  sericiellum,   ITaw.  L.  J5.   585   (182'J);  Stop.  —  melalliceUa,  Hif  T7T 
Pup.;  Zcll.  ;    1".  V.  R.  pi.  St.  i".  2. — Alis  auticis  nitichs  ;uiico-i>Tiseis,  ^J^"— i-- 
macula  parva  dorsi  propc  liasim,  iiiaciilaque  Viuijare  dovsi  pone  nicdimu  ^'''^ 
albidis.     Exp.  al.  oi  lin. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  dark  giTeiush-bronzc.  Autcima^  dark  fuscous. 
Anterior  wings  shininp^,  bronzy-grey,  with  a  small  whilisli  s]K)t  on  the 
inner  margin  near  the  l)asc,  and  a  large  one  beyond  the  middle  of  the 
inner  margin ;  cilia  pale  bronzy-grey.  Posterior  wings  violet-grey, 
with  pale  grey  cilia. 

Abundant  among  oaks  in  May. 

2.  Stanneellum,  F.  v.  R.  215.  Anni.  (18 tO);  Sta.  Alis  antieis 
nitidis  dilate  a^neo-griscis,  macula  ohwlela  dorsi  pone  medium  albida. 
Hxp.  al.  2i-3  lin. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  pale  bronzy-grey.  Antenna::  dark  fuscous.  An- 
terior wings  shining,  pale  bronzy-grey,  with  wfahit  whitish  spot  on  the 
imier  margin  beyond  the  nuddle ;  cilia  pale  bronzy-grey.  Posterior 
wings  violet-grey,  with  pale  grey  cilia. 

Occurs,  with  the  preceding,  among  oaks  in  J\Iny,  but  less 
abnndant. 

3.  resplendellum  (Pougb),  Sta.  Sup.  C^at.  ]).  (5.  1851. — mHalU- 

cella,  Sta.     Alis  auticis  nitidis  ■saliiratmiine  ameo-griseis,  macula  parva  (Tip  IV..  1*1. 
dorsi  pi"opc  basim,  maculaque  majore  dorsi  pone  medium  (illji-s.      b'.xp.  I 

al.  2i-3  lin. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  daik  bronzy-grey.  Antcima;  dark  fuscous. 
Anterior  wings  shining,  venj  dark  bronzy-grey,  with  a  small  white  spot 
on  the  inner  margin  near  the  I)ase,  and  a  larger  white  spot  on  the  inner 
margin  beyorid  the  middle ;  cilia  bronzy-grey.  Posterior  wings  violet- 
grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Taken  at  West  Wickliam,  J)artf()rd  lleatli,  and  near  Bristol, 
towards  the  end  of  June,  among  oaks. 


GcmisVlI.     DOUGLASIA.    (P^-YT    ^''' 


Caput  tevigatum.  Ocelli  uuUi.  Anteimic  cra^^iuscuhc,  alarum  ante- 
riorum  diiiiidium  superautes.  llaustcUum  nudum.  Palpi  labiales 
subpcnduli,  squamis  incrassati,  apicc  obtuso.  Aliie  longc  ciliatsc, 
antcriores  c/ow^ifte,  posteriovcs  acuitunatcc ;  antcriores :   cellula  dis- 


ISO  AUGVKESTIIID.K. 

coidalis  veiias  tres  in  costam,  venam  furcatam  in  apicem,  veiias  tres 
in  marginera   posticnm  eraittit ;    subdorsalis  furcata ;    posteriores : 
vena  discoidalis  trifida,  rainiim  uiiura  in  costam,  rauios  duos  in  mar- ' 
g-incm  posticum  mittens,  infra  earn  vena  unica  libera. 
Head  smooth.     Ocelli  none.     Antennae  rather  thick,  longer  than  the 
half  oi  the  anterior  wings.     Tongue  naked.    Labial  palpi  rather  droop- 
ing, thickened   with  scales,  with  the  apex  blunt.     Wings  with  long 
cilia,  the  anterior  elongate,  the  posterior  acuminate.     In  the  anterior 
wings  the  discoidal  cell  emits  from  its  apical  angle  three  veins  to  the 
costa,  a  furcate  vein  to  the  apex  of  the  wing,  and  three  to  the  hinder 
margin ;  the  subdorsal  vein  is  furcate ;  in  the  posterior  wings  the  dis- 
coidal vein  is  tritid,  sending  one  branch  to  the  costa  and  two  to  the 
hinder  margin ;  below  it  is  a  single  free  vein. 

Oiilj  one  species  is  kno\An  iu  this  genus^  which  unites  the 
habits,  as  it  combines  the  structure,  of  Tinagma  and  GracUaria  ; 
having  the  anterior  part  of  the  bot\y  slightly  raised  in  repose,  yet 
having  the  sharp  jerking  motions  of  a  Tinugyna  ;  it  frequents  the 
JEcJi'mm  'Viilgare  when  in  blossom ;  its  larva  is  unknown. 

1.  Ocnerostomella,  Sta.  Ent.  Trans,  i.  n.  s.  Proc.  C  (1850). 
(Pf\LL     ^^'^^  antieis  nitide  griseis,  macula  dilutiore  obsoleta  dorsali  pone  me- 
dium.    Exp.  al.  3^-4  lin. 
S"  Head  and  face  shining  grey.     Palpi  ]iale  grey.     Antennae  fuscous. 

Anterior  wings  shining  grey,  with  an  obsolete  paler  spot  beyond  the 
middle  of  the  inner  margin ;  cilia  grey,  mixed  with  paler  and  darker 
scales.     Posterior  wings  greyish-fuseous,  with  greyish-ochreous  cilia. 

Common  among  yEvhinm  vulgare,  at  the  beginning  of  July, 
flying  at  dusk.     I  have  taken  it  abundantly  at  Box  Hill. 


Family  VII.     ARGYRESTHID.E. 

C'a[)illi  hirsuti,  eplstomlo  lavigato.     Palpi  maxillares  nuUi.     Palpi  la- 
biales  breviusculi,  articulo  terminali  subaeuto  vel  obtuso.     Alte  an- 
teriores  elongata\  posteriores  lanceolata\  longe  ciliata?. 
Head  rough;  the  face  smooth.     IMaxillary  palpi  none.     Lal)ial  palpi 

rather  short ;  the  terminal  joint  hardly  acute,  or  obtuse.  Anterior  wings 

elongate ;   the  posterior  lanceolate,  with  long  cilia. 

The  four  genera  in  this  family  have  considerable  affinity  with 

each  otlier,  though  dilfering  in  several  points ;  they  may  be  readily 

distinguished  as  follows  : — 

a.  Anterior  wings  not  subfalcatc. 

t).  Palpi  rather  short,  with  apprcssed  scales;   terminal  joint  rather 

pointed.      1.  AiKiVREsTUlA. 
ii  h.  Pal|)i  shorter,  tliieker,  and  hairy.     2.  ("edestis. 


AlKiYKKSTHIA.  ISl 

I)  b  f).  Palpi  cxtrciiu'ly  short.     .'5.  Ocnerostoma. 
((  a.  Anterior  wings  subfaloato.     I'alpi  ratlier  short  and  thick  ;  the  ter- 
minal joint  obtuse.     4.  Zklleria. 


MmX 


Genus  I.     ARGYRESTHIA 

yirrpjrcsllila  p.,  Iliib.  \'.  422  (1S16)  ;  Zell.  Ech-resn  (et  Arf/yrosdia), 
Curt.  (Ecophora  p.,  Treit. ;  Dup.  -.  Zctt.  Ennb/ea  p.  et  T'nwd  p., 
Haw.     Ismene  (;t  Anjyrosetia ,  Step. 

Capilli  hirsuti,  epistomio  tevigato.  Antennae  alis  anterioribus  brcvinros 
(articulo  basali  elongate,  incrassato),  articulis  distinctis.  llaustcUum 
breve,  nudum.  Palpi  labiales  penduli  vel  sub[)orrecti,  squamis  ap- 
presns,  articulo  sccundo  apice  incrassato,  articulo  terminal!  subacuto. 
Al;c  longe  ciliatiu,  auteriores  elongataj,  posteriores  lanccolat;c;  an- 
teriores :  vena3  ex  cellular  discoidalis  parte  postica  uovcm  octove  ori- 
untur,  apicalis  simplex  vel  furcata  ;  subdorsalis  simplex;  posteriores: 
vena  apicalis  ante  apicera  exit,  infra  earn  vena  furcata,  et  venie  dutc 
simplices  e  venula  transversa. 

Head  rough ;  the  face  smootii.  Antennae  shorter  than  the  anterior 
wings,  with  distinct  joints ;  the  elongate  basal  joint  is  thickened. 
Tongue  short  and  naked.  Labial  palpi  drooping  or  rather  porrccted. 
With  appremed  scales;  the  second  joint  with  the  apex  thickened;  the 
terminal  joint  ralher  amte.  Wings  with  long  cilia,  the  anterior  elon- 
gate, the  posterior  lanceolate.  In  the  anterior  wings  eight  or  nine 
veins  arise  from  the  hinder  portion  of  the  discoidal  cell ;  the  apical 
vein  is  simple  or  furcate;  the  subdorsal  is  simple.  In  tlie  posterior 
wings  the  apical  vein  runs  into  the  costa  before  tlie  apex ;  below  it  are 
a  furcate  vein,  and  two  simple  veins  from  the  transverse  vein. 

The  perfect  insects  of  this  genus  may  be  at  once  recogni/ed 
when  at  rest,  as  the  hind  pair  of  legs  are  laid  alongside  of  tlic 
body,  which  is  elevated  at  an  angle  of  '1<5°,  the  head  of  the 
insect  being  almost  in  contact  with  the  substance  on  which  it 
rests;  they  tlius  stand  on  the  first /y//r  legs  only,  whence  liiiiiurus 
named  one  of  the  species  tetrapodclla.  The  species  are  found  in 
hedges,  trees,  and  bushes,  from  May  to  September,  cacli  s])ecies 
g(!nerally  keeping  out  for  a  long  time,  and,  as  they  very  readily  lly, 
they  soon  get  wasted.  Tlie  larvae  feed  in  the  leaf-buds,  destroying 
or  crippling  tlie  growth  of  a  young  shoot,  yet  the  luxuriance  of 
vegetation  is  so  great  that  no  apparent  ill  cU'ects  are  produced  by 
a  considerable  number  of  the  larvae  feeding  on  the  same  plant ; 
of  some  species  (according  to  Ivalzeburg)  the  larvK  assume  the 
pu])a-state  inside  the  shoot,  but  more  generally  the  larva'  descend 
by  their  silken  threads  to  the  ground  {uUlileUa  may  often  be  seen 
so  descending  from  a  hawthorn  hedge  in  May),  and  form  ou  the 
ground  amongst  leaves  a  rather  ojjcn  network  cocoon. 


182  ARGYRESTHID.E. 

There  is  considerable  similarity  among  the  species,  but  they 
may  be  arranged  in  the  following  table : — 

u.  Anterior  wings  with  a  white  streak  along  the  inner  luarghi,  inter- 
rupted in  tlie  middle.     Species  1-10. 
a  a.  Anterior  wings  with  no  dorsal  streak  (a  variety  of  Species  20  ex- 
cepted). 

b.  Anterior  wings  witli  numerous  fuscous  spots,  and  with  a  transverse 
blotch  on  the  disc,  or  fascia,  beyond  the  middle.     Sp.  11,  15,  16. 
b  h.  Anterior  wings  without  spots. 

c.  AVith  no  fascia  near  the  base.     Species  14. 
c  c.  With  a  fascia  or  fascia-form  blotch,  near  the  base.     Species 
17-20. 
b  b  b.  Anterior  wings  of  a  marbled  appearance.     Species  12,  13. 
b  b  b  b.  Anterior  wings  nnicolorous.     Species  21-23. 
b  b  b  b  b.  Anterior  wings  white,  with  two  dark  streaks  from  the  base. 
Species  2'!, 

(p^-y^         1.  ephippella,  Tab.   G.   I.  297  (1776);  ^ia.—Pnmiella,  Hiib. 

''         Tin.  175  ;  Treit. ;  Dup. ;  Zell. ;  Linn.? — tetrapodella,  Step. — comella, 

L  C       Scop.  ?     Alis  anticis  ochreo-brututeis,  dorso  albo,  pone  medium  fascia 

snbobUqnn  saturate  fusca  interrupto,  strigulis  tribus  costaj  apicem  versus 

albis.     Exp.  ah  5^  lin. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  white.  Antenna?  white,  annulated  with  dark 
fuscous.  Anterior  wings  oclircous-brown,  with  the  inner  margin  white, 
interrupted  beyond  the  middle  by  a  dark  brown,  nearly  perpendicularly 
placed  spot,  which  can  be  traced  rntlier  obUquehj  across  the  wing  as  a 
fascia,  teniunatbif/  on  the  costa ;  beyond  it  the  inner  margin  is  whitish 
to  the  anal  angle,  and  on  the  costa  arc  three  small  white  spots :  cilia 
greyish-brown.     Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Common  in  the  south  of  England,  but  more  abundant  in  the 
north;  frecjucnting  gardens  and  hedges  in  June  and  July.  IMr. 
Logan  has  bred  it  from  larvae  feeding  in  the  shoots  of  the 
cherry. 

2.  nitidella.  Fab.  Man.  ii.  241.  12  (1787);  Zell.;  Sta. ;  W.  V.? 

— I'nini,  Haw. — Pnoik'Ila,  Step.  ;  W.  V.? — tclrapodella,  Linn.  ? — cur- 

/f\-b--    ivV/r/,  Zett.  ?■ — -var.  os.syy/.  Haw. ;   Step.     Alis  anticis  (///«^'«.s77«t' ochreo- 

. .       brunneis,  stria  ex  medio  baseos  saturatiorc,  dorso  albo,  fascia  ct/rva(a 

\t\'ljL-  '^    saturate   brunnea  in  apicem  daefa  \wnc   medium   interrupto,  strigulis 

,    (     tribus  costa'  apicem  versus  albidis.     Exp.  ah  5i  lin. 
(K-X^l^lu        ^'ii'-  -^I's  anticis  lacteis,  dorso  niveo,  stria  basali,  macula([uc  dorsali 
obsoletis. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  white.  Antenna^  white,  ainndated  witli  dark 
fuscous.  Anterior  wings  very  pale  ochreous-brown,  with  a  darker 
streak  from  the  middle  of  the  base ;  the  inner  margin  is  white,  inter- 
rupted beyond  the  middle  by  a  cnrvcd  dark  hrown  fascia,  icJtivh  termi- 
nalcs  in  the  apex  of  the  wiuf/ ;  above  it  arc  two  or  throe  small  whitish 


AHCYRFSTTTTA.  1  S3 

spots  on  tlic  costa  ;  cilia  greyisli-oclu'cous.  Posterior  wings  grey,  witli 
paler  cilia. 

In  the  variety  ossea  the  anterior  wings  arc  creani-eolour,  the  inner 
margin  remaining  white,  and  the  dark  basal  streak  and  dark  spot  on 
the  inner  margin  becoming  rather  obsolete. 

Tory  abmulaut  aniong  hawthorn  in  Juno  and  July.  'I'jie  larva 
feeds  ill  the  leaf-buds  of  the  hawthorn  in  May. 

3.  purpurascentella ,  Pta.  Zool.  IStU.  App.  v.  Alis  anticis 
jjurpuriucode-grheh,   costam   versus   dilutioribus,   dorso    albo,  macula 

obliqua  fusca  in  apicem  obsolctius  producta,  poiu^  medium  interrupto, 
punctis  duobns  costjp  apicem  versus  albis.      Exp.  al.  5  lin. 

Head  white,  with  a  few  grey  hairs.  Face  and  palpi  white.  Antenna' 
white,  annulated  with  dark  hiscous.  Anterior  wings  (jrcijhlt-purplo, 
paler  on  the  costa,  with  the  inner  margin  while,  interrupted  beyond 
the  midtUe  by  an  oblicjucly  placed  fuscous  spot,  which,  tiiough  very  in- 
distiuetly,  appears  to  be  continued  towards  the  apex  of  the  wing ;  on 
the  costa  before  the  apex  are  two  or  three  small  white  spots;  cilia 
greyish-purple.     Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

I  have  only  two  specimens  taken  near  Shelilehl  and  in  the 
south  of  Scotland,  in  July.  I  do  not  feel  quite  coniident  that  it 
is  distinct  from  nilhlella. 

4.  semitestacella.  Curt.  Ent.  Mag.  i.  191  (1S33);  Id.  B.  E.  fo. 
719  ;  Step.  ;  Sta. — parcnlhesella,  'A.  g.  S.  ?  Alis  anticis  ocJireis,  dorso 
usque  medium  nivco,  macula  saturate  oehrca  terininato.  Exp.  al.  ()- 
6 1  hn. 

Head  white,  with  a  few  yellowish  hairs.  Eace  white.  Palpi  yellow- 
ish. Antennae!  white,  annulated  with  dark  fuscous.  Anterior  wings 
ockreo/is,  with  the  inner  margin  white  to  the  middle,  where  there  is  a 
dark  oehreous  spot,  beyond  which  are  only  a  kw  whitish  scales  on  the 
inner  margin  ;  cilia  greyish-oehreous.  Posterior  wuigs  grey,  with  paler 
ciha. 

Common  among  jjeeches  in  August  and  September. 

.5.  spiniella,  Zell.  Isis,  1839,  p.  204;  Sta.  Alis  anticis  l//teo- 
Inou/eis,  dorso  albo,  macula  saturate  I'usca  (sa^pc  7(1  fascia  obliqua  obso- 
lete producta)  pone  medium  interru])to,  costa  albo  fuscoquc  punctata, 
strigulis  duabus  ante  apicem  albidis.     Exp.  al.  C-G,^  lin. 

Head  whitish.  I'ace  and  pal])i  pale  yellowish.  Antenna;  white, 
annulated  with  dark  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  yellotcish-brown,  with  the 
inner  margin  white,  interrupted  by  a  dark  fuscous  s])ot  beyond  the 
middle,  which  can  sometimes  be  traced  indistinctlij  across  the  ici>tg  as  an 
oblique  fascia ;  the  costa  is  delicately  spotted  alternately  white  and 
fuscous,  with  two  larger  whitish  spots  before  the  apex ;  cilia  greyish- 
brown,  at  the  anal  angle  grey.     Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Occurs  in  the  north  of  England  and  Scotland,  among  mountain- 
ash,  in  August  and  September. 


181-  akoyrestiiid.t:. 

f).  albistria.  Haw.  I..  B.  517  (1S29);  Step.;  ^t^x.—fagetella, 
Zcll.  Alis  auticis  sutnrate  oclireo-hrunneU,  purpurco-siiffHsis,  dorso  an- 
f/iiste  usque  ad  medium  albo,  macula  f'usca  abriipte  terminate.  Exp. 
al.  4i-5  lin. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  white  (sometimes  yellowish).  Antenuns  white, 
annulated  with  dark  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  dark  ocJin'ons-brovn, 
7rith  Jiiorc  or  less  of  a  purplish  tinge,  with  the  inner  margin  narroirhj 
white  to  the  middle,  where  it  is  abruptly  terminated  by  a  dark  fuscous 
spot;  cilia  ochreous-brown.      Posterior  wings  grey,  w'ith  paler  cilia. 

Very  common  in  hedges  in  Jnnc  and  July.  I  have  found  the 
larvfe  in  the  shoots  of  the  sloe  in  j\[ay. 

7.  coiijugella,  Zell.  Isis,  1S39.  p.  204-;  Id.  L.  E.  ii.  pi.  2.  f.  3  ; 
Sta. — seuiifusca.  Step.  ?  Alis  anticis  pHrpiireo-fiiscis,  dorso  albido,  ma- 
cula saturate  fusca  (sa^pe  fasciam  obliquam  formante)  pone  medium 
interrupto,  viacida  in,  medio  costce  satnrcde  fusca,  strigulis  duabus  costa; 
ante  apicem  albidis ;  capillis  lutesceiitibus.     Exp.  al.  (J  lin. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  yelluwisli.  Antenna;  white,  annulated  with 
fuscous.  Anterior  wm^s  pur plisli -fuscous,  with  the  inner  margin  whitish, 
interrupted  beyond  the  middle  by  a  dark  fuscous  spot  (sometimes  con- 
tinued obliquely  across  the  wing) ;  nearly  opposite  this  spot,  rather 
nearer  the  base  of  the  wing,  is  a  dark  fuscous  spot  on  the  costa,  and  on 
the  costa  towards  the  apex  are  two  conspicuous  wliitish  spots ;  cilia 
purpUsh-fuscous  at  the  apex,  then  whitish,  and  at  the  anal  angle  ])ale 
grey.     Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Not  scarce  among  niouutain-asli,  from  the  middle  of  May  to 
the  beginning  of  July. 

8.  semifusca,  Haw.  L.  B.  517  (1829);  Sta. — semipurpurella. 
Step. — Pruniella,  Hon.  B.  I.  ii.  pi.  58.  59  ;  CI.  ?  Alis  anticis  hrunneo- 
jmrpureis,  dorso  niveo,  macula  saturate  purpureo-fusca  pone  medium  in- 
terrupto, strigulis  tribus  costas  apicem  versus  albis.     Exp.  al.  6  lin. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  white.  Antenna;  white,  annulated  with  black. 
Anterior  wings  dark  hroumish-purple,  with  the  inner  margin  white,  in- 
terrupted beyond  the  middle  by  a  dark  fuseous-purple  spiot,  which  can- 
not he  traced  as  a  fascia  across  the  winy  ;  on  the  costa  are  three  or  four 
white  spots  before  the  apex ;  cilia  at  the  apex  brownish-purple,  then 
white,  at  the  anal  angle  grey.     Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

1  have  met  with  tliis  in  mixed  hedges  in  August,  antl  also 
among  beeches  and  Chmatis  Vitalha,  but  it  is  not  common. 

9.  mendica,  Haw.  L.  B.  517  (1829). — mendicella,  Siep. — cresiella, 
Treit. — Pruniella,  Zett. ;  Bjerk.  ? — tetrapodella,  Zell.;  Hup. — Spino- 
sella,  Sta.  Alis  aniieis  p?(rpureo-yriseis,  basi  ochracea,  dorso  niveo,  fas- 
cia saturate  fusca /ere  recta  pone  medium  interrupta,  j)unctis  nonnullis 
conspicuis  costa  albis.     Exp.  al.  5.V  Hn. 

Head  white.  Eace  and  palpi  yellowish-white.  Antenna  white,  with 
fuscous  anmdations.     Anterior  wings  purplish-yrey,  at  the  base  ochreous. 


.\HGYRKSTI1IA.  1S3 

with  tlie  inner  margin  white,  interrupted  beyond  tlic  middle  by  a  dar!\ 
fuscous  nearly  straight  fascia,  which,  although  indistinct  in  the  middle 
of  the  wing,  is  again  perceptible  on  the  costa,  whore  it  is  defined  by  a 
white  spot  on  each  side ;  two  or  three  smaller  white  s])ots  are  on  the 
costa  towards  the  apex ;  cilia  greyish-[)urple.  Posterior  wings  grey, 
uith  paler  cilia. 

\  ery  coninion  among  sloe-bushes^  at  the  end  of  May  and  be- 
ginning of  .lune.     The  larva  in  the  shoots  of  sloe,  early  in  ]\Iay. 

10.  glaucinella,  Zell.  Isis,  1839,  p.  205;  Sta.  Alis  anticis 
(/nseo-(e)U'is,  dorso  anguste  albido,  ad  fasciam  saturatiorem  utrinquc 
repandato,  fslriijuli.'i  jjaro'iH  traiiHversis  fuscis ;  capillis  albido-lateis.  Exp. 
al.  4  hn. 

Head  white,  mixed  with  pa!p  yellowish.  Face  and  palpi  wdiitisli. 
Antennae  yellowish-white,  with  slightly  darker  annulations.  Anterior 
wings  greyish-bronze,  with  the  inner  margin  vhilkh,  broadest  on  each 
side  of  the  nearly  perpendicular  dark  fascia ;  neceral  small  transverse 
ff'sco/'s  spots  can  be  observed  in  the  pale  inner  margin ;  cilia  fuscous. 
Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

A  scarce  species,  appearing  in  June  and  July;  has  occurred  at 
Caniberwell  and  Beckenhani,  near  Loudon,  near  Bristol,  also  in 
AVales. 

11.  retinella,  Zell.  isis,  1839,  p.  20.5;  ^tn.—ocellea.  Step.  ?— 
Cornelia,  Evers.  ?  Alis  anticis  albis,  fusco  transvcrse-reticulatis,  cos- 
tam  versus  fuscesceiitibus,  inaeida  obUqua  plicie  j^one  medium,  inaculaqiie 
apicem  versus  fuscis,  puncto  apicis  nigro.     Exp.  al.  5  lin. 

Head  white,  with  a  few  grey  hairs.  Pace;  and  palpi  white.  Antenna; 
whitish,  with  pale  fuseous  annulations.  Anterior  wings  white,  with 
nunu;rous  transverse  fuscous  spots,  and  towards  the  costa  almost  en- 
tirely suffused  with  pale  fuseous  ;  beyond  the  middle  of  the  fold  is  a 
large  fuseous  spot,  obliquely  placed,  and  another  large  fuseous  spot  lies 
towards  the  apex  of  the  wing ;  at  the  extreme  apex  is  a  black  spot ;  cilia 
greyish-fuscous.      Posterior  wings  dark  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Conunon  among  birches  in  June  and  -Inly. 

12.  abdominalis,  Zell.  Isis,  1839.  p.  20.");  8ta. ;  Lienig?  Alis 
anticis  albis,  slriis  duabus  (!  basi,  macula  obli(pia  dorsali  pone  medium, 
])unctisque  sparsis  posticis  disci  luteis,  squamis  apicis  atris.  Exp.  al. 
4  lin. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  white.  Antenn;e  whitish,  annulated  with  pale 
fuscous.  Abdomen  rufous.  Anterior  wings  irhite,  with  two  yellowish 
streaks  from  the  base,  one  near  the  inner  margin  sto])ping  abiiiptly 
before  the  middle,  the  oilier  near  the  costa,  less  sharply  delined  and 
reaching  beyond  the  middle;  lieyond  the  middle  of  the  iimer  margin  is 
a  yellowish  .spot,  curving  outwardly,  and  several  scattered  yellowish 
spots  lie  in  the  apical  portion  of  the  wing,  some  black  scales  are  at  the 
extreme  apex  ;  cilia  ])ale  yellowish,  i'osti  rior  wiu^s  whitish,  with  paler 
cilia. 

VOL.   III.  2    J{ 


18G  AROYRF.STHTD.E. 

Not  uncommon  among  junipers^  at  tlic  end  of  June  and  begin- 
ning of  J  uly. 

13.  dilectella,  Zell.  L.  E.  ii.  273  (1817) ;  Sta.  Alis  anticis  ni- 
tidis dilate  aiircin,  dUiUimiue  vlolaceo-tnijfims,  dorso  ad  basim  albo, 
striis  duabus  e  basi  distinctius  aureis,  macula  transversali  dorsali  poue 
medium  maculisque  duabus  costiB  fuscis,  puucto  apicis  atro.  Exp.  al. 
4i  lin. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  white.  Auteima^  white,  aunulated  witli  dark 
fuscous.  Abdomen  rufous.  Anterior  wings  shining  pale  (jolden,  icilh 
a  faint  violet  tint ;  tlie  base  of  the  inner  margin  is  white;  two  streaks 
from  the  base,  one  near  the  inner  margin,  the  other  near  the  costa  ex- 
teudiug  to  the  middle  of  the  wing  are  more  distinctly  golden ;  beyond 
the  middle  of  the  inner  margin  is  a  fuscous  spot  reaching  nearly  half 
across  the  wing,  and  at  the  anal  angle  is  a  smaller  fuscous  spot ;  a  little 
before  the  middle  of  the  costa  is  a  snudl  fuscous  spot,  and  a  larger  one 
a  little  beyond  the  middle,  which  almost  meets  the  larger  spot  from  the 
inner  margin  ;  two  small  fuscous  spots  lie  on  the  costa  iunnediately 
before  the  apical  black  spot ;  edia  pale  yellowish-grey.  Posterior  wings 
pale  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Very  comnion  among  jnniper-buslies  in  July.  Mr.  Logan  met 
witli  the  larva  last  sninmcr. 

11.  Andereggiella  (F.  v.  R.),  Dup.  L.  E.  xi.  409.  pi.  305.  f.  9 
(1838);  F.  V.  R.  pi.  7t.  f.  2;  Zell.;  Sta.—/".  V-ella,  Haw.;  Step. 
Alis  anticis  albis,  macula  transversali  quadrata  in  medio  dorsi,  postiee 
ad  costam  oblique  producta,  fascia  tcnui  obli(|ua  a})icem  versus,  striolam 
in  apieeni  emittente  aureo-brunneis.     Exp.  al.  .5  lin. 

llead,  face,  and  ))alpi  white.  Antenute  white,  annulated  with  dark 
fuscous.  Anterior  wings  white,  with  an  oblong  transverse  dark  golden- 
brown  spot  on  the  middle  of  the  inner  margin,  the  posterior  angle  of 
which  is  ])roduced  obliquely  to  the  costa,  where  it  meets  a  slender 
oblique  golden-brown  fascia,  from  which  a  streak  proceeds  to  the  apex 
of  the  wing ;  cilia  at  the  apex  golden-brown,  at  the  anal  angle  pale 
grey.     Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Occurs  among  wild  apple-bushes  in  July  and  August. 

15.  curvella,  Lin.  F.  S.  1387  (1761);  Step.;  Sta. — <:'?</-m.  Haw. 
—CorneUa,  J'ab. ;  Treit. ;  F.  v.  P.  pi.  1  5.  f.  3  ;  Dup. ;  Zell.  L.  E.  ii.— 
sjmnella,  Zell.  Isis,  1839.  Alis  anticis  ?^/rm, /rt.vco-retieulatis,  prie- 
cipue  eostam  versus,  niacula  ])arva  dorsi  ante  medium,  maculacpie  ma- 
jori!  obli([ua  dorsi  poue  medium  saturate  J'liscis,  nebula  postica  cost;c, 
macula(|U(;  ex  angulo  anali  in  apicem  desinentc /«a'c/.s  ;  capillis  nlljis. 
I'jxp.  al.  5.\  lin. 

llead,  face,  and  ])alpi  udtite.  Antcun;e  white,  amudated  with  dark 
fuscous.  Anterior  wings  wliite,  reticidated  \\\i\\fn.scons,  especially  along 
the  costa,  with  a  snudl  dark  fuscous  spot  on  the  inner  margin  bdbre 
the  nuddh;,  and  a  larger  oblicpudy-placed  dark  fuscous  s[)ot  beyond  the, 
middle  of  the  inner  margin ;  opposite  the  latter  is  a  fuscous  blotch  on 


AKOYKKSTIIIA.  1 S7 

the  costa ;  a  fuscous  spot  from  the  anal  angle  goes  partly  across  the 
wing,  and  then  terminates  in  the  apex ;  cilia  grey.  Posterior  wings 
grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Common  among  apple  and  pear  trees  in  June  and  Jnly. 

IG.  Sorbiella,  Treit.  E.  S.  ix.  2.  100  (1833);  F.  v.  W.  pi.  15. 
f.  2  ;  Zell. ;  Lienig ;  Sta. ;  Dup.  ?  Alis  antieis  aldldis,  dorsum  versus 
albis,  costara  versus  dll/de  aHreo-brianu'o  reticulatis,  maculis  tribus  dorsi 
(prima  ante  medium,  altera  majore  obliqua  fere  costam  attingente  ]ioiie 
medium,  tertia  minorc  ad  angulum  aiialem)  aicreo-f/iscis ;  capillis  albidis. 
Exp.  al.  6  lin. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  whitish.  Antenna?  white,  annulated  with  fus- 
cous. Anterior  wings  Tjdlowlsh-whUe,  whiter  on  the  iimcr  nun-gin,  to- 
wards the  costa  reticulated  with  pole  (jolden-broicn ;  on  the  inner  nuir- 
gin  are  three  gokk'n-fnseons  spots,  the  tirst  before  the  middle,  the  second 
larger  and  obliquely  placed,  beyond  the  middle,  almost  reaching  to  the 
costa,  the  third  smaller  at  the  anal  angle;  cilia  pale  yellowish-grey. 
Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Common  in  June  and  July,  among  {Sorhiis  Anciiparia)  monn- 
tain-asli  and  [Sorbus  Aria)  the  wliite  beam-tree.  The  lai'va  feeds 
in  the  leaf-buds  of  those  plants  in  May. 

17.  pygmseella,  Iliib.  3.53  (181  r,) ;  Treit. ;  F.  v.  R.  ]il.  1.5.  f.  1 ; 
Lienig;  Zell.;  Sta. — sehitfascieUa,  Haw.;  Step.  Alis  antieis  nitidis 
viridi-albis,  dorsum  versus  dilutioribus,  macula  recta  dur.sall  a»/e  vu-dium 
per  plicam  ad  haniiu  ducta,  macula  obli([ua  majore  pone  medium  dorsi 
{costam  7ion  althifjentr^  macula(iue  minore  ad  angulum  analem  dilute 
aureo-brunneis.     Exp.  al.  Gi  lin. 

Head  white.  Face  inclining  to  pale  bronze.  Pali)i  white.  Antenna) 
white,  annulated  with  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  shining  (jreeimli-iclnte, 
paler  along  the  inner  margin ;  before  the  middle  of  the  inner  margin  is 
a  pale  golden-brown  spot,  perpendtcidarli/  jdnevd  and  miited  to  the  base 
of  the  wbifj  by  a  strealc  along  the  fold ;  beyond  the  middle  of  the  inner 
margin  is  an  oblique  pale  golden-brown  spot,  reaching  more  tlian  half 
across  the  wing,  and  at  the  anal  angle  is  a  smaller  spot ;  cilia  greenish- 
white.     Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  with  ])aler  cilia. 

Common  among  sallows  in  J  unc  and  July.  The  larva  feeds  in 
the  young  shoots  of  the  sallow  in  May. 

18.  Goedartella,  Lin.  S.N.  (10)  511.  291  (1758);  Fab.;  Hiib. 
Tin.  133;  Haw.;  Treit.;  Step.;  Dup. — semiargentetla,  Don.  Alis 
antieis  albis  (interdum  aureo-sulfusis),  fascia  obliqua  e  basi  costa%  fascia 
media  ad  costam  furcata,  faseiaque  postica  aureis  ;  capillis  albido-lutcis. 
Exp.  al.  6  lin. 

Head  yellowish-white.  Face  aiul  palpi  white.  Antenna^  white,  an- 
mdated  with  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  white  (sometimes  suffused  with 
golden),  with  an  ()bli([ue  golden  fascia  from  the  base  of  the  costa,  a 
golden  fascia  in  the  middle  furcate  on  the  costa  (one  arm  reaching  the 


188  ARGYRESTIIID.E. 

costa  rather  before  tlie  middle,  tlie  other  reaching  the  costa  a  little  be- 
fore the  apex,  and  between  them  are  generally  a  few  golden  spots  on 
the  costa) ;  beyond  is  another  golden  fascia,  which  indeed  occupies  the 
whole  of  the  apex  of  the  wing,  except  a  small  white  spot  on  each  mar- 
gin ;  cilia  pale  greyish-brown.  Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia, 
(riie  anterior  wings  are  sometimes  so  much  suffused  \Wth  pale  golden 
that  the  markings  are  almost  obliterated.) 

Common  among  birclies  in  June  and  July.  The  larva  feeds 
under  the  bark  and  in  the  young  shoots  of  the  birch,  in  March 
and  April. 

19.  literella.  Haw.  L.  B.  570  (1829);  Step.;  Sta.  Alls  anticis 
albidis,  fascia  ante  medium,  fascia  media  furcata,  fascia  postica  in  apicem 
dcsin(;nte  aureis,  costam  non  atthn/entlbiis;  capillis  albidis.  Exp.  al.  5  3-  lin. 

Head  whitish.  Face  and  palpi  white.  Antenna3  white,  annnlated 
with  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  whitish,  witii  a  slender  golden  fascia 
from  the  iinier  margin,  not  far  from  the  base,  sloping  inwards,  a  furcate 
fascia  from  the  middle  of  the  inner  margin,  neither  reacldng  to  the  cosfa, 
and  a  third  golden  fascia  from  the  anal  angle,  which,  after  reaching 
half  across  the  wing,  is  tieilectcd,  and  terminates  in  the  apex  of  the  wing  ; 
cilia  pale  ochreous.     Posterior  wings  purplish-grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Very  rare ;  has  been  taken  in  Darentli  AVood,  in  June.  In  the 
collection  of  the  British  Museum,  and  in  that  of  Mr.  B.  Standish. 

20.  Brockeella,  Iliib.  Tin.  3G2  (181C);  Treit. ;  Step.;  Dup. ; 
Zell.  ;  Sta. — /.  Jf'-ella,  Haw. — Rajetla,  Lin.?- — var.  aurlmitella.  Haw.; 
Step.  Alls  anticis  anreo-bnamieis,  macula  basali  dorsi,  fascia  ad  cos- 
tam attennata,  ante  medium,  macula  majore  ad  augulum  analem,  macu- 
lis(|ue  tribus  costa3  niveis ;  capillis  iiicels.  Var.  alis  anticis  dorso  toto 
niveo,  fascia  ac  prima  macula  costali  confluentibus.     Exp.  al.  5^-  hn. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  lohite.  Antennae  white,  amiulated  with  pale 
fuscous.  Anterior  wings  shining  goldeu-brown,  with  a  spot  at  the 
base  on  the  iinier  mai'gin,  a  fascia  before  the  middle  attenuated  on  the 
costa,  a  large  s]iot  at  the  anal  angle,  and  three  spots  on  the  costa  (the 
last  of  which  is  small  and  lies  immediately  before  the  apex)  shining 
snowy-white ;  cilia  greyish-brown.  Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler 
cilia.  In  the  variety  aurivUtella,  the  inner  margin  of  the  anterior  wings 
is  entirely  white,  and  the  fascia  and  first  costal  spot  are  frequently  con- 
llucnt ;  intermediate  specimens  also  occur. 

Common  among  birches  in  June  and  July.  The  larva  f'(>eds  in 
the  young  shoots  in  March  and  April. 

21.  arceuthina,  Zcll.  Tsis,  1839.  p.  205;  Sta.  Alis  anticis  ul- 
t'uJis  viruH-rrneis ;  capillis  (ac  thorace)  niveis.     Exp.  al.   il  lin. 

Head  white.  Face  greenish-bronze.  Palpi  whitish.  Anteiuui^  whit(\ 
annulated  with  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  unicolorous  shhi'iiKj  bron-y- 
fjree)/,  with  paler  cilia.      Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Not  scarce  among  junipers,  in  May. 


22.  prsecocella,  ZcU.  Isis,  1S39.  p.  205;  Sta.  Alls  anticis  ni- 
fitUs  ochri'ls,  riolacco-sKjl'ifsis ;  capillis  di/nfe  luteis.      Kxp.  al.  5  liii. 

Head  icJutisk-ijeUofc.  Face  and  palpi  pale  oclivcons.  AiitcniKC 
wliitisli,  annulated  with  pale  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  sMnbn/  ochreoMS, 
with  a  slight  violet  tiitge ;  cilia  paler.  Posterior  wings  rather  broad, 
very  pale  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Occurs,  not  uncoininoiily,  among  junipers,  in  May. 

23.  aurxileiitella  (Zell),  Sta.  Zool.  1  819.  App.  xl.  Alis  anticis 
nitidis  oclireis,  violaceo-sulViisis,  doyso  atujude  alio ;  capillis  t/iveis.  Exp. 
al.  4  liu. 

Jfead  /chile.  Face  and  palpi  yellowish-wbite.  Antennse  white,  with 
fuscous  annulations.  Anterior  wings  shiniug-ochreous,  with  a  slight 
violet  tinge,  the  iii//er  marfjiti  narrou-bj  while ;  cilia  whitish-oehrcous. 
Posterior  wings  pearly-whitish,  with  pale  ochreous  cilia. 

Very  common  among  junipers,  in  July  and  Augtist. 

21-.  decimella,  Sta.  Sup.  Cat.  p.  10  (18.')1).  Alis  anticis  albis, 
striola  costa>  ex  basi  ad  medium,  in  fasciam  obliipiam  transcunte,  strio- 
lacpie  brcviore  ex  loasi  prope  dorsum  aurco-brunneis,  ])Uucto  ajiicis  nigro. 
Exp.  al.  3  lin. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  white.  Antenna^  whitish.  Anterior  wings 
white,  with  a  golden-brown  streak  along  the  costa  from  the  base  to  a 
little  before  the  middle  of  the  wing,  wdiere  it  is  deflected,  and  forms  an 
ol)liquc  posteriorly-angulated  fascia;  near  the  inner  margin  at  the  I)ase 
is  another  short  golden-brown  streak  ;  in  the  apex  of  the  wing  is  a 
small  black  spot ;  cilia  white,  but  round  the  apical  black  spot  they  are 
golden,  with  the  tijjs  dark  fuscous.  Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  with 
paler  cilia. 

Unique  in  ]\rr.  Weir's  collection ;  taken  on  a  fence  at  Camber- 
well,  in  June,  1850. 

I  am  by  no  means  cerlain  that  it  should  be  referred  to  this 
genus,  but  the  structure  of  the  pal})!,  which  remove  it  from  FJa- 
chisla,  allow  of  its  being  placed  in  tlu^  genus  ytrtji/rcHhhi,  and  the 
rough  head  may  have  been  rcnulered  invisible  by  the  distorted 
mocle  in  which  the  insect  was  pinned. 


Genus  IT.     CEDESTIS.    f^-l/J-V' 

(Ecophom  p.,  Dup.     ylrgyreslhia  p.,  Zell. 

Capilli  hirsuti,  epistomio  lajvigato.  Antennae  alis  anterioribus  breviores, 
articulo  basali  elongato  inerassato,  articulis  distinctis.  Haustellum 
nullum.  Palpi  labiates  bremiiscnli,  incrassati,  jjilosuli.  Aim  longe 
ciliatfe,  anteriorcs  elongatre,  posteriores  lanccolatii; ;  anteriores  :  vena^ 
ex  cellulcC  discoidalis  parte  postiea  sex,  oettu'c  oriuutur,  apicalis  sim- 


lYI 


190  ARGYRESTUID.E. 

plex ;  subdorsalis  simplex ;    posteriores :  vena  a])icalis  ante  apicem 

exit,  infra  earn  vena  sim]:)lex,  ct  vemc  alteiTC  dure  simplices  e  venula 

transversa. 

Head  rougl),  the  face  smooth.  Antennfc  shorter  than  the  anterior 
wings,  with  distinct  joints,  the  basal  joint  elongate  and  thickened. 
Tongue  none.  Labial  palpi  ratlier  short,  thickened,  hairy.  Wings  with 
long  cilia,  the  anterior  elongate,  the  posterior  lanceolate.  In  the  ante- 
rior wings  six  or  eight  veins  proceed  from  the  hinder  portion  of  the 
discoidal  cell ;  the  apical  vein  is  simple ;  the  subdorsal  vein  is  simple. 
In  the  posterior  wings  the  simple  apic;d  vein  terminates  above  the  apex  ; 
below  it  is  a  simple  vein,  and  two  other  simple  veins  from  the  trans- 
verse vein. 

Only  two  species  arc  known  in  tins  genns ;  they  frccpient  fir- 
trees  in  tlie  middle  of  snmmer;  in  repose  they  sit  appressed  to 
the  surface  on  which  they  rest. 

1.  farinatella  (ZelL),  Dup.  L.  F.  xi.  473.  pi.  305.  f.  11  (1838) ; 
F.  V.  E.  pi.  74.  f.  4;  ZelL;  ^i^.  —  suhfaHcldla,  Step.?  Alis  anticis 
albido-griseis,  fusco-pulveratis,  fascia  ante  medium,  ncbulaque  postica 
fusris.     Exp.  al.  5|  lin. 

Head  whitish-grey,  with  some  darker  hairs  in  fj'ont.  Face  and  ]")alpi 
grey.  Antennae  white,  annulated  with  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  whitish- 
grey,  much  irrorated  witii  fuscous,  with  af/iscoiishsc'vd  before  the  mid- 
dle, followed  by  a  whitish  fascia  of  the  nndusted  ground-colour;  the 
remainder  of  the  wing  is  nearly  entirely /«.sco«s,  except  a  whitish  spot 
on  each  margin  before  the  apex  ;  cilia  greyish-white.  Posterior  wings 
rather  broad,  pale  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Common  among  fir-trees  in  June  and  July.  Illustrations  of 
the  transformations  of  this  species  are  promised  in  the  forthcoming 
number  of  Mr.  Logan's  '  Illustrations  of  Scottish  Lepidoptera.' 

3.  Gysselinella  (Knhl.),  Dup.  L.  F.  xi.  461.  pi.  305.  f.  4  (1S38). 
—  G>/.s-setei/ielta,  F.  v.  II.  pi.  74.  f.  3  ;  Zell. ;  Lienig ;  Sta.  Alis  anticis 
albido-griseis,  griseo-pulveratis,  fascia  lata  ohsoleta  basali,  fascia  dis- 
tinctiore  ante'  medium,  nebnUsque  posticis  dilute  aureo-brunneis.  Exp. 
al.  5|  lin. 

Head  whitish-grey.  Face  antl  palpi  white.  Antcnnro  whitish,  with 
pale  fuscous  annnlations.  Anterior  wings  whitish-grey,  dusted  with 
grey,  with  a  rather  iiididiuct  pale  golden-hrown  fascia  near  the  base,  and 
another  more  defined  just  before  the  middle,  and  some  pale  golden- 
brown  blotches  beyond  the  middle  and  at  the  apex ;  cilia  greyish-fus- 
cous.    Posterior  wings  jialc  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Occurs  among  lir-trees  in  June  and  July.  The  only  British 
s])ccimen  1  have  seen  is  in  Mr.  Allis's  collection;  it  was  taken  by 
Mr.  Weaver. 


zn.ir.HiA.  llU 

ficnus  111.     OCNEROSTOMA.    ^H-Vl.    ^' 

OcNKiiosTOMA,  Zcll.  L.  E.  ii.  2'JS  (ISl?).  JrgijreHlhla  p.,  Zell.  Isis, 
1839. 

Caput  comosnin,  opistomio  Irevi.  Antenna;  alis  anterioribus  brcviores, 
sdacctf,  articulo  Ijasali  crassiusculo.  llaustcUuni  brcvissiniuin.  Palpi 
Orevhsiiui,  bidbiHiformes.  AUc  auieriores  acurniuat:v,  postcriorcs  lau- 
ceolata^;  antcriorcs  :  ccUula  tliscoidalis  acuminata,  posticc  iniperfcc'ta, 
vcnas  quinqne  cmlttcntc ;  subdorsalis  simplex ;  postcriorcs :  vena 
infra  apicaIem/«/'ea/fl;  mcdiaiui  furcata. 

Head  rough  ;  the  face  smooth.  Antenna;  shorter  than  the  anterior 
wings,  setaceous;  the  basal  joint  rather  thick.  Tongue  hardly  per- 
ceptible. Palpi  tYvv/  sJiort,  hidhllVifonii.  Anterior  wings  acuminate; 
posterior  wings  lanceolate.  In  the  anterior  wings  the  acuminate  dis- 
coidal  cell  is  posteriorly  imperfect  and  emits  five  veins ;  the  subdorsal 
vein  is  simple;  in  the  posterior  wings  there  is  wfurcale  vein  below  the 
apical  vein  and  the  median  vein  is  furcate. 

Only  one  species  is  known  in  this  genus;  it  appears  in  early 
spring  aiul  again  in  summer,  but  it  is  doubtful  whether  it  be 
double-brooded,  the  spring  specinieus  having  ])robably  liyber- 
uated;  it  reposes  appressed  to  the  surface  on  which  it  rests. 

1.  piniariella,  Zcll.  L.  E.  ii.  29'J  (184-7) ;  ^hx.—argcntdla,  Zell.; 
Lienig. — ijulad'ddla,   Evers.?     Alis   anticis    nitidis,   argenteo-griscis ;  \^_  \^ 
cajjillis  griseis  ;  antennis  totis  fuscis.     Exp.  al.  51  lin.  _^ 

Head  pale  grey.     Eaco  and  palpi  dark  grey.     Antenn;e  unicolorous      ^^ 
fuscous.     Anterior  wings  unicolorous,  shining  silvery-grey,  with  paler 
cilia.     I'osterior  wings  pale  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Commou  among  iir-trees  in  April,  June,  aiul  July. 


Genus  IV.     ZELLBRIA.    'H  •  H  •  1^ 


a-c 


Zkllekia,  Sta.  Cat.  p.  22  (1810). 

Capilli  hirsuti,  cpistomio  liKvigato.  Ocelli  mdli.  Antcniuc  alis  an- 
tcrioi-ibus  breviores,  crassinscuhc.  llaustellum  nudum.  Palpi  la- 
bialcs  porrccti,  vel  fere  adsccndentcs,  hrevliiscidi,  squamis  bicrasmti, 
artlcido  tertio  ohlmo.  Ahu  longc  ciliatsc,  antcriorcs  subfalcaUe,  pos- 
tcriorcs lanccolattc ;  antcriorcs :  vena  apicalis  simplex  ante  apicem 
exit,  infra  cam  ven;x!  quinque,  (punann  pcnultinui  ct  antepenultima 
ex  eodcm  puucto  prodeunt ;  subdorsalis  simplex  :  submcdiame  apex 
incrassatus ;  postcriorcs :  vena  ajjicalis  longc  furcata  supra  et  infra 
apicem  exit ;  mediana  trifida. 
Head  rough;  the  face  smooth.     Ocelli  none.    Antenna;  shorter  than 

the  anterior  wings,  rather  thick.     Tongue  naked.     Labial  palpi  por- 


1  iJ;?  AKOYRESTKID.K. 

rccted,  or  almost  ascending,  ratlwr  lihort,  tJfickened  with  scales ;  fJic  ter- 
tnlnal  joint  htui,t.  Wings  with  long  cilia,  the  anterior  siibfalcatc,  the 
posterior  lanceolate.  In  the  anterior  wings,  the  simple  apical  vein  runs 
into  the  costa  before  the  apex ;  below  it  are  five  veins,  of  which  the 
penultimate  and  the  antepenultimate  proceed  from  the  same  point ;  the 
subdorsal  vein  is  furcate  ;  the  apex  of  the  submedian  vein  is  thickened; 
in  the  posterior  wings  the  apical  vein  has  a  long  fork  terminating  above 
and  below  the  apex ;  the  median  vein  is  trifid. 

Only  three  species  are  known  in  this  genus,  if  indeed  there  be 
more  than  than  two,  as  it  is  not  improbable  that  hepariella  and  in- 
sign'qjenneJla  may  ultimately  not  prove  specitically  distinct.  The 
larva?  of  none  of  them  are  known,  though  (to  my  shame  be  it 
said)  I  have  myself  bred  liepanella,  but  have  no  recollection 
whatever  of  the  larva ;  in  the  cage  in  which  I  bred  it  was  an 
«*/^-leaf,  that  had  evidently  heoi  eaten  ;  it  emerged  from  its  thick 
white  cocoon  on  the  27th  of  July,  1852"^. 

The  first  two  species  appear  at  the  end  of  summer  and  autumn, 
and,  hybernating,  are  occasionally  met  with  in  the  spring ;  fascla- 
penneUa,  taken  by  Mr.  Logan  among  Vaccinium  Myrt'iUm,  on 
the  Pe}itlands,  in  September,  may  probably  likewise  hyberuate. 

1.  hepariella  (Mann),  Sta.  Cat.  p.  22   (184)9). — gryphipemietla, 
'^"p^       Haw.?     Alls  anticis  xiiio-ocXwAcel?,,  postice  fuscescentibus,  piotcto  oltso- 

leto  supra  ungnlmu.  analem  fasco ;  capillis  luteis.     Exp.  al.  5^  lin. 
Ck-^"—  Head,  face,  and  palpi  luteous.     Antennjt  fuscous,  with  paler  annu- 

lations.  Abdomen  above  grey,  beneath  reddish-orange,  the  sides  white. 
Anterior  wings  rufons-ochreons,  posteriorly  somewhat  fuscous,  with  an 
appearance  of  a  small  darker  spot  above  the  anal  angle ;  cilia  rufons- 
ochreous  at  the  apex,  grey  at  the  anal  angle.  Posterior  wings  dark 
grey,  with  grey  cilia. 

Occasionally  met  with  in  the  south  of  England,  from  August 
to  October,  and  again  in  spring,  but  nowhere  common. 

2.  insignipennella,  Sta.  Cat.  ]).  22  (lSt9).  AUs  anticis  rufo- 
ochreis  {dorsum  iiderduvi  dllutiore),  posticc  saturatioribus,  nebula  fus- 
cescente  disci  ])one  medium;  capillis  luteis.     Exp.  al.  7i  lin. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  luteous.  Antennae  fuscous,  with  paler  annula- 
lions.  Anterior  wings  rufons-ochreons  (frc(iuently  paler  towards  the  inner 
margin),  posteriorly  dark,  with  an  obscure  fuscous  blotch  on  the  disc 
beyond  the  middle ;  cilia  rufous-ochreous  at  the  apex,  grey  at  the  anal 
angle.     Posterior  wings  dark  grey,  with  grey  cilia. 

A])pears  in  autumn  and  again  in  spring;  has  occurred  at 
Mickleham  and  Dartford  Heath. 

o.  fasciapennella  (Logan),  Sta.  Cat.  p.  22  (18J-9).  Alls  anticis 
dilute  griseis,  obscuriore  nebulosis,  atomis  nigris  in  s(!riebus  ipiatuor 

*   'I'lic  (liiy  oil  which  Prolessor  Zcllcr  finished  his  visit  fo  England. 


GRACILAUJIP.i:.  19. 3 

longitudiiialibus  dispositis,  fascia  obli([ua  ante  medium  fusca ;  capillis 
griseis.     Exp.  al.  8-9  liii. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  light  grey,  mixed  witli  dark  grey.  Anieiinre 
grey,  with  paler  aimulatioiis.  Abdomen  above  grey,  beneath  silvery- 
white.  Anterior  wings  ])ale  grey,  clouded  with  dark  grey,  witli  four 
longitudinal  rows  of  black  spots,  the  lirst  on  the  costa  terminating  iu 
the  middle  of  the  wing,  the  second  near  the  costa  terminating  a  little 
before  the  apex  of  the  wing,  the  third  and  fourth  run  one  on  each  side 
of  the  fold  to  the  anal  angle;  before  the  middle  of  the  wing  is  an  ob- 
!i(pie  (nearest  to  the  base  on  the  iimcr  margin)  cloudy  dark  fascia; 
betbrc  the  apex  is  a  white  costal  spot,  followed  by  a  black  one ;  cilia 
grey,  intermixed  with  white ;  the  extreme  apex  dark  fuscous.  Pos- 
terior wings  pale  grey,  with  grey  cilia. 

Occurs  on  the  Peutlands,  among  T'accin'iioii  2Iijrtllhis,  in  8c])- 
ternber  and  October. 


Family  VIII.     (MIACILARIID.E. 

Capilli  lasvigati,  vel  hirsuti.  AtiloDuc  alarnm  (nilerioniiii  longilndiiic 
(P.quantes.  Palpi  maxiUnres  Ioiu/uihchU,  JiUJ'uriiU'n.  i'alpi  labiales 
tenues,  articulo  tertio  acuminato.  AUe  longe  ciliata^  anteriores 
elongatno,  posteriores  lanceolafa\ 

Head  smooth  or  rough.  Jiilanne  an  huuj  as  the  aulcrlor  iciiN/a. 
Maxillary  palpi  rather  l())ii/,Jiliforiii.  Labial  palpi  slender;  the  third 
joint  acuminate.  Wings  with  long  cilia ;  the  anterior  elongate;  the 
posterior  lanceolate. 

In  direct  opposition  to  the  mode  of  sitting  of  tlie  insects  of  I  be 
principal  genus  of  the  preceding  family,  which  may  be  said  to 
sit  on  their  heads,  the  species  of  this  family  sit  on  their  tai/s, 
liaving  the  head  considerably  raised  from  the  surface  on  which 
they  repose,  tlie  anterior  pair  of  legs  being  ])ut  forward,  the  mid- 
dle pair  rather  stretched  out  sideways,  and  the  j)osterior  pair 
placed  close  beside  the  abdomen;  by  this  pecnliarily  any  species 
of  this  family  may  be  immediately  recognized  if  seen  at  rest. 

The  three  genera  of  this  family  may  be  at  once  distinguislied 
as  follows  : — 

a.  Head  smooth. 

I).  Second  joint  of  labial   jialpi  with  no  projecting  tuft.      1.  Gkaci- 

LARIA. 

h  b.  Second  joint  of  the  lal)ial  palpi  with  a  ])rojeetiiig  tuft.      2.  ("o- 

IIISCIUM. 

a  a.  Head  rough.     3.  Ormx. 

VOL.  HI.  2  c 


194  r;RACiLAKiii).i:. 

Genus  I.     GRACIIiARIA.     W .  Vll .  1 0 

GiiACiLARiA,  Zell.  Isis,  1839.  p.  208.  Gmcillnrla,  Dup.  Cat.  Gra- 
cUIaria  p.,  Haw. ;  Curt. ;  Dup.  L.  F.  xi.  Oniix  p.,  Treit. ;  Zett. 
Grac'dlaria  p.  et  Eiispilapteri/x,  Step. 

Caput  snpcrne  ac  in  fronte  lav'irjntnm.  Ocelli  nulli.  Antenna?  alarum 
anteriorum  longitudine  axjuantcs,  tenues,  articulo  basali  elongate, 
incrassato.  Haustellnm  squamatum.  Palpi  maxillares  longiusculi, 
tijiformes.  Palpi  labiales  tenues,  adsccndentes,  cylindrici,  articulo 
secundo  squamis  appressis,  non  famculnto,  articulo  tertio  acuniinato. 
AlfE  longe  ciliatcC,  anteriores  elongatci3,  posteriores  lanceolatae ;  an- 
teriores :  vena  subcostalis  Ijasim  versus  interrupta,  e  ccllulcV  discoi- 
dalis  parte  postica  vena?  novem  oriuntur,  cpiatuor  in  costani,  quiuque 
in  margincin  posticum  cxeuntibus  ;  subdorsalis  simplex  ;  posteriores: 
vena  apicalis  ante  apicem  exit,  infra  earn  vena  f'urcata,  vena  nie(Hana 
trifida. 

Head  above  and  in  front  smooili.  Ocelli  none.  Antenna?  as  long 
as  the  anterior  wings,  slender ;  the  basal  joint  elongate,  thickened. 
Tongue  clothed  with  scales.  Maxillary  palpi  rather  long,  filiforra. 
Labial  palpi  slender,  ascending,  cylindrical ;  the  second  joint  with  ap- 
pressed  scales,  not  tufted ;  the  terminal  joint  pointed.  Wings  with 
long  cilia,  the  anterior  elongate,  the  posterior  lanceolate.  In  the  an- 
terior wings  the  subcostal  vein  is  intemipted  towards  the  base ;  from 
the  hinder  portion  of  the  discoidal  cell  nine  veins  proceed,  of  which 
four  go  into  the  costa,  and  iive  into  the  hinder  margin ;  the  subdorsal 
vein  is  simj)lc ;  in  the  posterior  M'ings  the  aj)ical  vein  terminates  above 
the  apex,  below  it  is  a  furcate  vein ;  the  median  vein  is  tritid. 

In  the  small  species  of  this  genus,  the  maxillary  palpi  are  less  de- 
veloped, and  the  labial  palpi  arc  almost  drooping. 

The  species  of  this  genus  are  elegant  in  form  and  frequently 
gaily  coloured,  or  prettily  mottled.  Some  species  are  double- 
brooded,  the  autumnal  brood  generally  hybernating,  and  being 
met  with  in  wasted  condition  in  the  spring;  they  feed  upon  low 
plants,  as  well  as  upon  slirubs  and  trees.  The  larvae  have  only 
fourteen  feet;  when  young  they  mine  the  leaves,  but  at  a  later 
period  of  growth  many  of  the  species  construct  cones,  by  rolling 
up  a  portion  of  a  leaf;  they  devour  the  inner  ])ortion  of  these 
cones,  which  thus  become  discoloured  and  are  easily  observed. 

The  species  of  the  genus  may  be  arranged  in  the  following 
table  :— 
a.  Ijargc  sj)ecies. 

h.  Anterior  wings  with  a  distinct  paler  trigonal  mark  on  the  costa. 

Species  1,  2. 
h  h.  Anterior  wings    with   a  more  or  less  distinctly  margined,  but 
tiardly  paler  trigo)K>l  mark  on  the  costa.     Species  3-8. 


(;ka('II,aiua.  1!'.') 

h  h  I).  Anterior  wings  with  no  trigoniil  nuirk  on  the  costa.  Sp.  9, 10. 
(I  a.  Small  species. 

c.  Anterior  wings  with  f'aseinform  markings.     Speeies  11. 

c  c.  Anterior  wings  with  pale  S[)0ts  on  the  costa  and  inner  margin. 

Species  13-14. 
c  c  c.  Anterior  wings  with  unmcrons  silvery  spots.     Species  I.'j,  1G. 

1.  Swederella,  Schalen  (Thun.),  M.  N.  A.  U.  G.  80  (17S8).—        

7)w/cM^/,  Hill).  Tin.  ;i7!);  Lienig;  Zell. ;  Sta. ;  Dougi.  Ent.  Trans,  ii.  ij!f.  1\.\Q 
n.  s.  pi.  xiv.  f.  1. — Jularipciiudla,  Trcit. ;  Dup. — Thunbcrfjelhi,  Step. —         -^       ' 

ThunheryU,  Haw.?      Alis   anticis   rnfis,   violaeeo-nitidis,   dorso  prope  -vj.  —  ,^  •,    c^ 

basiin,  trianguloque  costali  plieani  snperantc,  ad  costam  apicem  versus  vl-i^'  if    ] 
producto,  tlavidis.     Exp.  al.  Go  lin. 

Head  reddish-brown.  Eacc  pale  yellow.  Talpi  pale  yellow,  with  a 
darker  ring  before  the  apex.  Antemiii;  pale  yellow,  with  brown  annu- 
lations.  Anterior  wings  bright  reddish,  with  a  violet  gloss ;  at  the 
base  along  the  inner  margin  is  a  pale  yellow  streak ;  the  costal  triangle 
is  pale  yellow,  it  reaches  nearly  across  the  wing  and  (extends  along  the 
costa  nearly  to  the  apex;  at  the  anal  angle  are  a  few  pale  yellow  scales; 
cilia  reddish  at  the  apex,  more  yellowish  towards  the  anal  angle.  Pos- 
terior wings  shining  grey,  with  i)aler  cilia. 

Common  among  oaks  in  ^tay,  June,  and  Angnst.  The  larva 
is  very  common  in  cones  on  oak-leaves  in  September  and  October, 
and  probably  there  is  another  brood  in  July. 

2.  stigmatella,   Fab.   G.    I.  ii.   2'.i.-).  .34   (1781);   Schr.  ;  Step.; 
Lienig;  Zell. ;  Sta.;  Dongl.  Ent.  Tnuis.  ii.  n.  s.  1:21.  pi.  xiv.  f.  2. —     ^.\^ 
itpnpapc'nunlla,  lliib. ;   Treit. ;    Dnp. —  Iriaiir/HleUa,   Panzer. — trignna. 

Haw. — ocJiracea,\\A\\.;  Step. — pitrpiirca,  Wnw.'^  Step.?     Alis  anticis       '\^\^f'^~ 
riifo-brunneis,  triangnlo   costali  albido,  plicam   taiigcnlc,   apice  poslice 
producto.     Exp.  al.  7  lin. 

Head  and  face  reddish-grey.  Palpi  reddish-brown,  the  tips  yellowish. 
Antenna>  pale  yellowish,  with  brown  annnlalions.  vVnterior  wings  red- 
dish-brown, darkest  along  the  margins  of  the  costal  triangle  ;  the  costal 
triangle  is  wJiUifih-sd\o\v  with  a  h\\  scattered  dark  scales,  it  readies  to 
the  fold,  xcliere  its  apex  is  produced  a  little  in  the  direction  of  the  hinder 
mar/jin ;  cilia  at  the  apex  rufous,  towards  the  anal  angle  grey.  Posterior 
wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Common  among  sallows;  appears  in  the  autumn,  but  then 
rarely  met  with ;  most  fretjuently  found  in  spring  after  hyberna- 
tion. The  larva  may  be  found  in  Angnst  and  September,  in 
cones  on  tlie  leaves  of  sallows,  willows,  and  poplars. 

3.  stramineella,  Sta.  Ent.  Trans,  i.  n.  s.  121.  pi.  xiv.  f .  9  (1851). 
Alis  anticis  .s7;Y/7w///'m,  punctis  sparsis  rufo-brunneis,  dnobus  distinetiori- 
bus  quasi  margines  trianguli  eostalis,  non  dihitioris,  formantibus.  Exp. 
al.  G}  lin. 

Head  and  face  pale  straw-yellow.     Palpi  p;dc  straw-yellow ;  the  ter- 


196 


OKACILARIID.'E. 


minal  joint  rufous-hrown  before  the  apex.  Antenna;  pale  yellowisli, 
witli  brown  annulations.  Anterior  wings  pale  draw-colour,  witli  nu- 
merous reddish-brown  spots,  of  which  the  two  most  conspicuous  form, 
as  it  were,  the  margins  of  the  usual  costal  triangle,  which  however  is 
not  paler  than  the  rest  of  the  wing;  cilia  of  the  hinder  margin  straw- 
coloiu",  mixed  with  reddish,  of  the  inner  mara'iu  "-rev.  Posterior  wings 
shining  grey,  with  grey  cilia. 

I  have  specimens  taken  in  Torwood,  in  September.  There  are 
also  specimens  in  the  collection  of  Mr.  Allis,  and  in  that  of  the 
British  Museum. 

4.  hemidactylella,  Iliib.  Tin.  27G  (1S12) ;  Dup. ;  Zell. ;  Sta. ; 
W.  V.  ?  Tal).  ?  ytep.  ?  Alis  auticis  dUnte  oclirels  rufo-ochreo  mixtis, 
triangulo  costali  ilidlncto  plieam  tangente  dilute  ochreo,  'pnndls  codce 
parvisfnscis ;  capite  cum  palpis  rufo-ochreo,  horum  apice  albido.  Exp. 
al.  (1  lin. 

Head  and  face  ])alc  ochreous,  mixed  with  reddish-ochrcous.  Palpi 
reddish-ochreous,  the  extreme  tip  whitish.  Antennae  pale  fuscous, 
with  whitish  annulations.  Anterior  wings  pah  ochreoHs,  marbled  with 
reddish-ochreous,  v,'ith  a  dldind  costal  triangle  of  the  paler  ground- 
colour,  not  crossing  the  fold  ;  on  the  coda  are  some  small  fnscons  spots ; 
cilia  pale  ochreous,  mixed  with  reddish-ochreous.  Posterior  wings 
grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

A  scarce  species;  occurs  at  Wliitlleburj^,  in  September. 

5.  falconipesmella,  Iliib.  Tin.  317  (ISlfi);  Treit. ;  Zell.;  Sta. 
Alis  antieis  riiJ'o-lirnii,iels,  triangulo  costali  indlsLincto  dilutiore, /;««c//s 
sdliiralefuscis  cosUe  albidie  dors'njne ;  capite  rnfo-brunnco  ;  palpis  diiu- 
tioribus,  apice  articuli  secundi,  annulo  ante  apicem  albidum  articuli 
tcrtii  saturatioribus.     Exp.  al.  G^-  lin. 

Head  and  face  reddish-brown.  Palpi  pale  reddish-brown,  the  end 
of  the  second  joint  and  a  broad  ring  before  the  whitish  tip  of  the  ter- 
minal joint  (hirker.  Antenna}  fuscous,  with  whitish  annulations.  An- 
terior wings  reddish-browu,  with  xyfahithj  indicated  paler  costal  triangle 
and  some  darkf/isco/is  spots  along  the  wliitish  costa,  and  alonr/  the  inner 
margin  ;  cilia  of  the  hinder  margin  reddish-brown,  of  the  inner  margin 
grey.      Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  ciKa. 

A  scarce  species ;  a])pearing  in  autumn.  Specimens  are  in  the 
cullectious  of  ]\Ir.  Bedelb  Mr.  Shepherd,  and  the  British  Museum. 

(■).  semifascia,  Haw.  L.  B.  528  (1829) ;  Step. ;  Sta.  Ent.  Trans. 
i.  n.  s.  1)1.  xiv.  f.  13. — picipcjiiiella,  Zell.  Alis  antieis  dilute  luteis, 
nifi)-bruniieo  varicgatis  (vel  omnino  rufo-brunneis),  strit/ida  obliqna  ante 
medium  dilute  lut(;a,  7j//"f?«H/'  lantp'iitc  ct  super  cam,  currente,  punctis  nu- 
morosis  costic  saturate  fuscis.     Ex]).  al.  5  lin. 

Head  and  face  pale  yellowish,  mixed  with  reddish-brown.  Palpi 
pale  yellowish;  terminal  joint  dark  fuscous,  the  tip  pale  yellowish. 
Antennio  dark  fuscous,  with  whitish  annulations.  Ant(U"ior  wings  pah^ 
ytllowish,  irregularly   varied   with   reddish-brown  (or   almost  entirely 


(iUACILAKIA.  197 

i'c(l(lis!i-bro\vn),  iciUi  an  ohCnjiic  pale  yellowish  streak  from  the  costa 
before  the  middle,  it  does  not  reach  heyoml  the  fold,  and  is  dejlected  along 
it;  on  the  costa  are  several  small  dark  fuscous  or  black  spots;  cilia  of 
the  hinder  margin  reddish-  or  brownish-grey,  of  the  inner  margin  grey. 
Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Appears  in  Se[)tcuiber  and  October;  lias  occurred  at  Mickle- 
ham^  at  AVhitth  bury,  and  near  Bristol. 

7.  populetorum,  Zell.  Tsis,  183!).  p.  209  ;  Sta.  Ent.  Trans,  i.  n.  s. 
pi.  xiv.  f.  11. — violncea,  Haw.?  Step.?  Alis  anticis  dilute  ochreis, 
purpurascentc  tinctis,  nebulis  subfasciatis  obscurioribus,  punctis  nu- 
raei'osis  costiXJ  nigris,  toio  in  medio  majore,  punctis  tribus  fuscis  disci. 
Exp.  al.  5^-  lin. 

Head  and  face  dirty-whitish,  mixed  witii  fuscous.  Palpi  dirty  white, 
the  end  of  the  second  joint  and  a  broad  ring  on  the  third  fuscous. 
Antcnucie  fuscous,  with  whitish  annulations.  Anterior  wings  pale  ochre- 
ous,  tinged  (more  or  less)  with  purple,  with  some  nebulous  fasciaforrn 
darker  markings ;  on  the  costa  are  several  small  black  spots,  one  in  the 
huddle,  beimj  larger,  is  conspieuons ;  above  the  fold  at  nearly  regular 
intervals  are  three  fuscous  spots ;  cilia  greyish-fuscous.  Posterior 
wings  grey,  with  greyish-fuscous  cilia. 

A[)pears  in  Septeinbcr  among  poplar-trees ;  liitlierto  scarce. 
The  hu'va  feeds  (according  to  Fischer)  on  birch  and  aspen, 

8.  elongella,  Linn.  P.  S.  1436  (1761);  Pab. :  Step.;  Lienig; 
Zell.;  Sta. — punctella,  Linn.;  Pab. — ■signipennella,  Hiib.  Tin.  196; 
Treit. ;  Dup. — hernidactyla.  Haw. — roscipenndla,  Treit. ;  Dup. ;  lliib.  ? 
— inconstans,  Sta.  Ent.  Trans,  i.  n.  s.  pi.  xiv.  f.  1-7.  Alis  anticis  rufo- 
ochn^is,  triangulo  costali  triincato,  vix  dilntiore,  briDnieo-rnJh  niarginuto, 
nebulis  posticis  fuscis.     Exp.  al.  6i-7.v  lin. 

Head  reddish-ochreous.  Pace  pale  ochreous.  Palpi  ])ale  ochreous  ; 
the  terminal  joint  reddish-ochreous.  Antenuir  fuscous,  amudated  with 
whitish.  Aritcrior  wings  reddish-ochreous,  irregularly  varied  with  darker 
markings,  in  which  a  truncate  costal  triangle,  hardly  paler  than  the 
ground-colour,  mag  generallg  he  traced ;  it  has  sometimes  a  dark  fus- 
cous spot  on  each  side  above  the  fold  ;  cilia  of  the  hinder  margin  red- 
dish-ochreous, of  the  inner  margin  grey.  Posterior  wings  grey,  with 
paler  cilia. 

This  extremely  variable  species  is  not  scarce  in  many  localities; 
taken  in  plenty  by  Mr.  Cooke,  of  AVarrington,  in  June.  ]\Ir. 
Shield  fouiul  the  larv;ic  in  rolled-up  alder-lcavcs  near  Dublin,  last 
August.     According  to  Ijienig  the  larva  also  feeds  in  May. 

9.  tringipennelia,  Zell.  Isis,  1839.  p.  209;  ?^in.—fringilella, 
Dup.  L.  h\  Sup.  pi.  75.  f.  11. — roscipennis,  Haw.  ? — rosci pennella ,  Step.  ? 
Alis  anticis  dilute  ochreis,  costam  versus  livide  grisesccntibus,  sen  csseis, 
sericbus  tribus  longitudinalibus  punctorum  nigrorum.      Exp.  al.  6.\  lin. 

Head  pale  ochreous.     Pace  greyish-fuscous.    Palpi  greyish-ochrcous  ; 


19S  GRACILARIID.E. 

terminal  joint  fuscous.  Anteinifc  greyish-ochreous.  Anterior  wings 
pale  ocJnrous,  along  the  costa  livid  greyish  or  pale  white,  with  tliree 
longitudinal  rows  of  black  spots,  one  near  the  costa,  one  on  the  disc, 
and  one  on  the  fold  ;  the  latter  is  frequently  obliterated,  or  the  number 
of  spots  does  not  exceed  two  or  three ;  cilia  pale  ochreous.  Posterior 
wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

ISiot  uncommon  in  meadows  among  Vlaniago  lavceolata,  in 
May  and  August.  The  larva,  discovered  by  Mr.  Shield,  mines 
the  u])pcr  surface  of  the  leaves  of  the  Plantago  lanceolata  ;  one 
brood  begins  to  feed  in  October,  changing  to  pupa  in  May ;  the 
other  brood  feeds  up  in  June  and  July. 

10.  Syrmgella,  Fab.  E.  S.  iii.  2.  328.  177  (1704);  Schr. ; 
Bouche;  Step.;  Zell. ;  Dup. ;  Sta. — uaaHtomom,  Haw.;  Curt.  B.  E. 
fo.  4-7'J. — anh'cppennella,  Treit. ;  Dup.  Alis  anticis  albido-luteis,  basi, 
macula  dorsali,  fasciis  tribus  obliquis  (prima  ac  secuuda  angnlatis,  se- 
cnnda  tcrtiaque  conncxis)  apiceque  kiete  brunncis.     Exp.  al.  6  lin. 

Head  greyish-ochreous.  Face  whitish.  Palpi  whitish;  terminal 
joint  with  a  narrow  fuscous  ring  near  the  base,  and  a  broader  one  before 
the  apex.  Antennfe  fuscous,  annulated  with  white.  Anterior  wings 
yellowish-white,  with  the  base  dark  fuscous,  and  with  several  brown 
markings ;  the  first,  a  blotch  on  the  inner  margin  not  far  from  the  base, 
th(;  second,  an  oblique  fascia  angulated  in  the  middle,  the  thii'd  is  a 
jialcr  angulated  fascia  connected  in  the  middle  with  another  oblique 
fascia,  which  terminates  in  the  anal  angle ;  the  apical  portion  of  the 
wing  is  entirely  brownish-fuscous,  excei)t  two  whitish  spots  on  the 
costa;  cilia  of  the  hinder  margin  whitish,  externally  with  two  dark 
lines ;  of  the  inner  margin  grey.  Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler 
cilia. 

An  abundant  species  in  gardens,  among  lilacs,  in  May  and 
July.  The  larva,  when  young,  mines  the  leaves  of  the  lilac,  gre- 
gariously, several  larva;  being  in  the  same  mine ;  when  nearly  full- 
grown,  they  frequently  cease  mining,  and  roll  up  the  leaves,  but 
many  remain  as  miners  throughout  the  period  of  their  existence 
in  the  larva  state.  At  times  they  become  real  pests  from  their 
numbers,  disliguring  the  lilac-bushes  by  turning  the  leaves  whitish- 
brown  ;  the  best  way  to  thin  their  numbers  is  to  pluck  the  leaves 
whilst  the  young  larv.e  are  mining  gregariously.  The  larva?  may 
be  met  with  in  June  and  September;  they  feed  on  ash  and  privet, 
as  well  as  on  the  lilac.  The  young  mining  larvre  have  the  three 
pair  of  ventral  and  two  anal  prolegs,  as  in  the  other  larva?  of  this 
geims,  but  to  sec  them  rccjuires  a  good  microscope. 

11.  omissella  (Dough),  Sta.  Zool.  1818.  p.  21(33  ;  Id.  Ent.  Trans, 
i.  n.  s.  1)1.  1.5  f.  1.  Alis  anticis  fasccscente-griscis,  vel  ochrcis,  strigis 
(|iiin<[ue  costic  (ultima  in  apice)  maculisque  duabus  dorsi  (priore  oblonga 
basali,  altera  in  medio)  allns.     Exp.  al.  4  lin. 


GRACILAIUA.  11»1^» 

Head  and  face  whitish.  Palpi  white,  the  ciul  of  the  second  joint 
and  a  ring  before  the  apex  of  the  terminal  joint  dark  fuscous.  Antcnuce 
fuscous.  Anterior  wing-s  (/re^jiuli -fuscous  or  ochreoiis,  with  five  icliilc 
streaks  from  the  costa,  the  tirst  four  oblique  and  nearly  at  equal  dis- 
tances, the  lifth  in  the  extreme  apex  nuuiiiii^-  out  into  the  hincku'  mar- 
gin ;  along  the  base  of  the  -inner  margin  is  a  white  blotch,  which  almost 
meets  the  tirst  costal  streak,  and  below  the  apex  of  the  second  costal 
streak  is  a  small  white  spot  on  the  middle  of  tlic  inner  margin  ;  cilia  of 
the  apex  whitish,  with  a  dark  outer  line,  of  the  inner  margin  grey. 
Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Common  at  Dartford  Heath,  at  the  cud  of  »lulv-,  among  AHe- 
misia  vulijaris.  The  larva  mines  the  leaves  of  that  plant,  not 
contorting  them,  but  giving  them  an  iniiated  appearance,  at  the 
end  of  June  and  beginning  of  July,  and  again  in  the  autumn.  A 
brood  of  the  perfect  insect  probably  appears  in  May. 

12.  phasianipennella,  lliib.  331  (181 G);  Id.  Larvic?;  Treit. ; 
Zell. ;  Sta.  Alis  anticis  nitidis  brunneis,  maculis  duabus  dorsi,  tribus 
costaj  (prima  obli([iia  ante,  secunda  eurvata  poue  medium,  tertia  obso- 
leta  ante  apieem)  (dbklls  (intcrdum  dilute  brunneis)  fusco-marr/inatis. 
Exp.  al.  5  hn. 

Head  and  face  brown.  Palpi  brown,  the  base  and  tip  of  the  termi- 
nal joint  paler.  Antenna3  brown.  Anterior  wings  shining  brown,  with 
two  u-hUifih  spots  on  the  iimer  margin  (one  near  the  base  and  one  in 
the  middle),  and  three  on  the  costa  (the  first  oblique  before  the  middle, 
the  second  curved  posteriorly  beyond  the  middle,  the  third  vei-y  indis- 
tinct just  before  the  apex) ;  IJiese  sjwls  are  rnrehj  distinct,  and  at  times 
hardlij  dlstlufjulshaljle  except  by  their  dark  marcjlns ;  cilia  brown.  Pos- 
terior wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Appears  in  September  and  October,  among  Fohigonum  llijdro- 
piper.  Taken  by  Mr.  Weaver  in  Scotland,  and  by  Mr.  .Boyd  in 
the  New  Forest.  The  larva  feeds  in  August  and  September  on 
the  leaves  of  the  Pob/fjonnm  llijdropvper  ;  it  cuts  a  strip  from  the 
side  of  a  leaf,  and  rolls  it  up,  taking  care  not  to  separate  it  from 
the  leaf;  this  rolled-up  portion  of  leaf  is  generally  placed  perpen- 
dicularly to  the  lower  surface  of  the  leaf;  the  larva  feeds  within 
it,  and  when  its  provisions  fall  short,  proceeds  to  treat  another 
leaf  in  a  similar  manner;  when  full-fed  it  spins  a  line  white  co- 
coon within  the  rolled  piece  of  leaf.  (The  only  larva  known  to 
feed  in  a  similar  manner  is  that  mentioned  by  lleaumur  as  feeding 
in  September  on  the  leaves  of  the  sorrel,  but  this  has  not  been 
met  with  by  any  subsequent  writer,  and  the  species  which  it  pro- 
duces is  unknown  to  us.) 

13.  aurogxittella,  Step.  H.  iv.  274  (1831);  Sta.:  Dougl.  Ent. 
Trans,  ii.  n.  s.  12  1.  pi.  1  t.  f.  %.~lacertella,  Zdl—stlpetfa,  Haw.?— 


200  GRACILAKIID.^. 

plmnheUa,  Diip.  ?  Alls  nnticis  saturate  ceneo-griseis,  maciilis  qiiatnor 
a/treis,  prima  clorsl  basall,  secunda  ante  medium  j)rope  costani,  tertia 
dorsi  ante  angulum  analem,  qiiarta  costac;  ante  apiccm.  Exp.  al.  4-4  .^ 
lin. 

Head  and  face  shining  bronzy-grey.  Pali^i  brown-grey,  the  extreme 
tip  white.  Antcnnaj  dark  fuscous,  with  the  tip  white.  Anterior  wings 
(lark  tjronzij-ijn'jj,  with  four  unmargined  gotdeii.  yellow  spots,  one  at  the 
base  on  the  biver  luaryhi,  a  second  near  the  costa  before  the  middle,  a 
third  on  the  inner  margin  before  the  anal  angle,  and  a  foiu'th  on  the 
costa  before  the  apex ;  cilia  greyish-fuscous.  Posterior  wings  fuscous, 
with  grey  cilia. 

Common  in  ]\Iay,  and  again  in  July  and  August;  among  Iljjpe- 
ricnm.  The  larva  feeds  on  several  species  of  II//j)ericum  {])n\\c\- 
l)a\\y  pcrforalmn),  in  June^  and  in  September  and  October  ;  when 
very  young  it  mines  the  leaves^  giving  them  a  slight  pucker ;  it 
afterwards  rolls  the  leaves  up  into  cones,  of  which  it  eats  the  inner 
substance,  whereby  the  cones,  which  are  at  first  green,  become 
whitish  or  brownish ;  when  full-fed,  it  I'olls  up  a  short  leaf  longi- 
tudinally, and  therein  spins  its  cocoon,  and  assumes  the  pu]ia 
state. 

14.  qtiadruplella,  Zell.  Isis,  183'J.  p.  209  ;  Sta.  Ent.  Trans,  i.  n.  s. 
pi.  15.  f.  5. — aurognttella.  Step.  Alis  anticis  nitidlft  tntescenle-fnscis, 
maculis  quatuor  sidjjUurcis,  fiiaco-marglnatis,  prima  dorsi  prope  basini 
triangulari,  secunda  costce  ante  medium  obliqua,  tcnui,  plicam  fere  tan- 
gente,  tertia  dorsi  pone  medium  triangulari,  quarta  cost;c  ante  apicem 
brevi.     Exp.  al.  \\  lin. 

Head  yeUowish-brown.  Face  paler.  Palpi  yellowish-brown ;  tlie 
base  and  apex  of  the  terminal  joint  whitish.  Antennae  fuscous,  with 
paler  anuulations.  Anterior  wings  rather  shining  yellowish-brown, 
with  four  sulphur-coloured  dark  viargbied  spots;  the  hrst  on  the  inner 
margin  near  the  base,  rather  triangular,  the  second  on  the  costa  before 
the  middle,  obliquely  placed  and  slender,  reaching  nearly  to  the  ibid, 
the  third  triangular  on  the  inner  margin  beyond  the  middle,  and  the 
fourth  rather  short  on  the  costa  before  the  apex ;  cilia  of  the  apex  i'us- 
cous,  of  the  inner  margin  grey.     Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

A  single  specimen  is  in  the  collection  of  the  British  JMusenm, 
being  that  formerly  in  the  collection  of  the  late  ^Ir.  Stephens, 
who  took  it  at  Ivipley,  in  June,  1827.  (Twenty-seven  years  ago, 
and  still  uni(jue  \)^' 

1.5.  Ononidis,  Zell.  Isis,  1839.  p.  209  ;  Sta.  Ent.  Trans,  i.  n.  s. 
1)1.  15.  I'.  7.  —  Oiionlellci,  Dup. — MoiiiUella,  Tengstr. — argvulipunctella, 

*  Since  vvritinji;  the  above,  luiving  liail  an  opportunily  of  coiiiijaiiii!;'  fliis  speeiuien 
vvitli  some  brii;hfly-inark('(l  sjiccimeiis  of  phaslaulpoDH'lln,  \  am  (jf  opinion  that 
quadrup/('/t((.  is  not  a  distinet  species,  Imt  merely'  a  stnmsi'ly-marked  variely  of  p/ia- 
sianipemidla. 


COKISCU  M.  '  201 

Sta.  Alis  anticis  saturate  fjrnrnu'is,  p/n/rtis  novem  (uno  propc*  dorsuin, 
tribus  dorsi,  qiiatuor  oosta^,  uiio  apicis)  argcntcis,  nigro-inari^'iiiatis. 
Kxp.  al.  4  liu. 

Head  brown.  Face  silvery.  Palpi  white.  Anteuiuv;  brown,  annu- 
lated  with  white.  Anterior  wings  df/r/,-  broicn,  with  nine  silvery  npots, 
margined  with  black ;  one  is  near  the  iinicr  margin  towards  the  base, 
three  are  on  the  inner  margin,  ibnr  on  the  costa,  and  one  in  the  apex 
of  the  wing;  cilia  brown.  Posterior  wings  greyish-brown,  with  paler 
cilia. 

Occur.s  at  Pcinburj  among  Goiisfa  tinctorin,  and  near  j\Iicklc- 
ham,  in  June,  Juijj  and  August.  The  larva  mines  tlic  leaves  of 
Ononis  spinom  in  April  and  j\Iay. 

16.  imperialella,  Mann.  L.  E.  ii.  3(55.  Aum.  (1847);  Sta.  Alis 
anticis  (inreis,  fascia  al)breviata  pro[)e  basim  oblicpia,  striijis  tribns  costiu, 
niaenlis  duabns  dorsi  (cum  strigis  prima  et  secunda  coslu'  f'erc  in  fascias 
connexis)  maculaque  ininore  ante  apicem  argcntcis.     Exp.  al.  o\  lin. 

Head  yellowish.  Face  and  palpi  snowy-white.  Antennie  pale  grey. 
Anterior  wings  shining-golden,  with  an  oblicpie  abbniviatt'd  silvery 
fascia  near  the  base,  and  beyond  are  three  silvery  streaks,  from  the  costa, 
of  which  the  third  reaches  to  the  iniier  margin  ;  two  small  silvery  spots 
lie  on  the  inner  margin  opposite  the  apices  of  the  first  and  second  cos- 
tal streaks  ;  a  small  silvery  spot  lies  immediately  before  tlu;  apex  of 
the  wing;  cilia  of  the  hinder  margin  whitish  with  two  dark  fnscons 
lines,  of  the  inner  margin  grey.  Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  with  paler 
cilia. 

Taken  by  Mr.  Dale  at  Glanville's  Wootton,  in  May,  Is  10.  A 
specimen  is  in  Mr.  Shepherd's  collection. 


Genus  II.     CORISOIUM 


.  vW^ir.u 


fi-C 


(JoRlsciUM,  Zell.  Tsis,  1830.  p.  21(1 ;    Diip.  Cat.      'rricholripis  p.,  Iliib. 
CI racUtaria  p.,  Haw.;   Step.     Eiachista  p.,  J)up.  1j.  V.  xi. 

Caput  snpenie  ac  in  fronte  laivif/atiim.  Ocelli  nulli.  Antenna^  alas 
anteriores  longitudine  ajquantcs,  tenues,  articulo  basali  ehnigato, 
incrassato.  Ilanstellura  mediocre,  nudum.  Palpi  maxillares  lon- 
giusculi,  iiliformes.  Palpi  labiales  tenu(!s,  adscendentes,  arliciilu  sc- 
CHiido  infra  fasciculo  pilormn,  tertio  tenui  acuminato.  Ala-  longe 
ciliatic,  anteriores  clongat;c,  posteriores  lanceolata^ ;  anteriores  :  vena 
subcostalis  basim  versus  interrupta  ;  cellula  discoidalis  obtusa  postice 
venas  novcm  cmittit ;  vena  subdorsalis  sim])lex  ;  ])ost('riores :  vena 
apicalis  ante  apicem  exit,  infra  cam  vena  fureata  ;  vena  mediana 
trifida. 
Head  above  and  in  front  snwollt.     Ocelli  none.      Antenna^  as  long  as 

the  anterior  wings,  slender,  the  basal  joint  elongate,  thickened.     Tongue 
VOL.  in.  2   I) 


(Pf.¥T 


U'- 


203  gracilakiid.t:. 

of  moderate  length,  naked.  Maxillary  palpi  rather  long,  filiform.  La- 
bial palpi  slender,  ascending,  the  second  johd  beneath  with  a  tuft  of  hairs, 
the  terminal  joint  slender,  pointed.  Wings  with  long  cilia,  the  anterior 
elongate,  the  posterior  lanceolate.  In  the  anterior  wings  the  subcostal 
vein  is  interrupted  towards  the  base ;  the  discoidal  cell  is  obtuse,  and 
emits  nine  veins  posteriorly  (in  C.  Broiujniardetlmn  the  discoidal  cell  is 
acute,  and  emits  eight  veins  posteriorly)  ;  the  subdorsal  vein  is  simple ; 
in  the  posterior  wings  the  apical  vein  terminates  above  the  apex,  below 
it  is  a  furcate  vein;  the  median  vein  is  trifid. 

The  species  of  this  genus,  three  in  number,  resemble  tlie  Gra- 
cilarlcc  in  haljits.     Tlic  larvre  mine  or  roll  up  leaves. 

The  genus  may  be  thus  subdivided : — 
n.  With  a  hook  in  the  cilia  of  the  anterior  wings.     Species  1. 
a  a.  With  no  hook  in  the  cilia  of  the  anterior  wings.     Species  2,  3. 

1.  Brongmiardellum,  Fab.  E.  S.  Sup.  49G.  S3  (1798).— 5»S- 
stri(/(i,  Haw. ;  Step. —  Curtisella,  Dup.  L.  F.  xi.  pi.  309.  f.  4. — qiierce- 
tellnin,  Zell.  Alls  anticis  griseo-brunneis,  strigulis  quatuor  obliquis 
cost;ie  albidis,  introrsum  fusco-marginatis,  prima  cum  strigula  dorsi  in 
fasciam  angulatam  connexa,  strigula  altera  albida  in  medio  dorsi,  squa- 
mis  albidis  fuscisque  ad  angulum  analem;  ciliis  cvplcis  in  caudidam  ni- 
(jram  productis.     Exp.  al.  4^  lin. 

Head  greyish-brown.  Face  grey.  Palpi  whitish ;  terminal  joint 
fuscous.  Antennae  dark  fuscous,  annulated  with  whitish.  Anterior 
wings  greyish-brown,  with  four  oblique  whitish  streaks  from  the  costa, 
margined  towards  tlie  base  with  dark  fuscous ;  the  first  not  far  from 
th(^  base  of  the  wing  meets  a  short  whitish  streak  from  the  inner  mar- 
gin, forming  with  it  an  angulated  j'ascia ;  on  the  middle  of  the  inner 
margin  is  another  short  whitish  streak,  dark-margined  towards  its  apex  ; 
at  the  anal  angle  are  a  few  whitish  scales,  followed  by  some  fuscous 
scales ;  cilia  of  the  hinder  margin  whitish,  with  a  dark  line  externally, 
and  a  htack  hook  from  the  apex ;  cilia  of  the  inner  margin  grey.  Pos- 
terior wings  fuscous,  with  grey  cilia. 

Not  uncommon  in  many  places  among  oaks,  in  April,  June, 
August,  and  September.  The  larva  feeds  in  May  and  the  begin- 
ning of  August;  it  mines  the  leaves  of  the  oak  (according  to 
lleaumur),  mining  when  young,  several  in  one  leaf,  in  galleries, 
afterwards  forming  a  common  blotch  of  considerable  size. 

2.  cuculipennellum,  Iliib.  Larvic,  iii. ;  Trcit. ;  Evers. ;  Iliib. 
Tin.  Y.n'^—cineren,  Haw.;  Step.— fl/r///rM«,  Dup.  L.  F.  xi.  pi.  308. 
f.  1  ;  Zell.  L.  E.  ii. — Liijustrinettn,  Zell.  Isis,  1S3S,  1839.  Alls  anticis 
(tIljidisfusco-mixtis,fasciist)'ibus  otjliqnis,  \nhna  propc  basim  interrnpta, 
seeunda  ante,  tertia  pone  medium  plieam  tangeute,  niaeulis([ue  postieis 
satiouite  fnscis.     Exp.  al.  0  lin. 

Head  pak'  grey,  nuxed  with  fuscous.  Face  whitish.  l\ilpi  whitish  ; 
termliud  joint  dark  fuscous.     Anterior   wings  licde  (jrey,  or  whitish. 


niiNix.  203 

viixecl  with  fuscous,  with  three  oblique  darh  fuscous  fascice,  wliicli  are 
nearest  the  base  on  llic  costa,  tlic  first  near  llic  base  sometimes  inter- 
rupted, the  second  before  the  rai(hlle,  the  third  a  little  beyond  the 
middle  reaching  only  to  the  fold ;  Ijcvond  arc  several  dark  fuscous 
spots  ;  cilia  of  the  hinder  margin  pale  grey,  varied  with  chirk  fuscous, 
of  the  inner  margin  i)alc  fuscous.  Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler 
cilia. 

Appears  in  Se])tember  and  October,  and  liybcrnatcd  specimens 
occiu"  in  the  spring;  not  nncommon  at  AVliittlebury,  also  occurs 
at  Dartford  Ileatli.  The  larva  feeds  on  the  privet  in  August 
(according  to  liiibner),  rolling  up  the  leaves  into  cones, 

3.  sulphurellum.  Haw.  L.  B.  564   (1820);  '6iG\i.'^—leucapen-    (W  ~^ 
nella,  Step. — citrineUa,  F.  v.  11.  pi.  70.  f.  2  ;  Zell.     Alis  auticis  dilute         "  ^ 
sulphureis,  atomis  numerosis  sparsis  fuseis,  intcrdum  in  maculas  con-       \  \     ^~~' 
tluentibus.     Exp.  al.  6-7  lin. 

Head,  face,  and  ])alpi  pale  sulphur.  Antenna'  fuscous,  anmdated 
with  whitish.  Anterior  wings  pale  su//jhnr,  intermixed  v  ith  numerous 
dark  fuscous  atoms,  which  are  sometimes  conllucnt,  and  form  dark 
blotches;  cilia  of  the  hinder  margin  pale  sn]])hur,  of  the  inner  margin 
fuscous.     Posterior  wings  dark  grey,  with  fuscous  cilia. 

Not  nncominon  in  the  autumn  in  the  New  Forest,  and  at 
Whittlebury ;  hybernatcd  specimens  occur  in  the  spring. 


Genus  III.     ORNIX. 


(K-YL  l^ 


«.-c_ 


Orntx,  Zell.  Isis,  1839.  p.  210;  Dup.  Cat.  Tricholtipis  p.,  ITiib. 
Ornix  p.,  Treit. 

Capilli  superne  coniosi,  in  frontc  decunibcntes.  Ocelli  mdli.  Antenna; 
alas  anteriores  longitudine  a^quantes,  tenues,  articulo  basali  elon- 
gato,  incrassato.  llaustellum  nudum.  Palpi  maxillares  longiusculi, 
iiliformcs.  Palpi  labialcs  tenues,  subpenduli,  cylindrici,  articulo  sc- 
cundo  s([uamis  appressis,  articulo  tertio  acuminato.  Alai  longe 
ciliat;c,  anteriores  oblontjo-ovntfe,  posteriorcs  lanceolal;ic ;  anteriores: 
c  celluhc  discoidalis  parte  postica  vcna>  scptem  oriuntur,  apical  is  fur- 
cata ;  subcostalis  basim  versus  obsoleta  ;  subdorsalis  simplex  ;  pos- 
teriorcs :  vena  apicalis  ante  apiccm  exit,  infra  cam  vena  furcata  ;  vena 
niediana  trifida. 

Head  above  hairy,  in  front  smooth.  Ocelli  none.  Anteinia>  as  long 
as  the  anterior  wings,  slender,  the  basal  joint  elongate,  thickened. 
Tongue  naked.  ^Maxillary  palpi  rather  long,  filiform.  Labial  pal])i 
slender,  rather  droojiing,  cylindrical,  the  second  joint  with  appressed 
scales,  the  terminal  joint  pointed.  AVings  with  long  cilia,  the  anterior 
obloiifj-ovale,  the  posterior  lanceolate.  In  the  anterior  wings  seven 
veins  arise  from  the  hinder  portion  of  the  discoidal  cell;  the  apical 


304 


ORACILARIID.E. 


vein  is  furcate ;  the  subcostal  vein  is  obsolete  towards  the  base ;  the 
subdorsal  vein  is  simple.  In  the  posterior  wings  the  apical  vein  ter- 
minates above  the  apex,  below  it  is  a  furcate  vein ;  the  median  vein  is 
trifid. 

The  liabits  of  tlie  perfect  insects  of  this  genus  are  very  similar 
to  those  of  the  GraciJar'ue,  but  the  smaller  species  are  far  more 
frequently  observed  on  the  wing.  None  of  this  genus  pass  the 
winter  in  the  ])erfect  state,  all  being  then  in  pupa.  The  larva?, 
when  young,  arc  true  miners,  and  their  mines  can  with  difficulty 
be  distinguished  from  those  of  a  Llll/ocoflelis  larva;  but  as  soon 
as  the  larva  leaves  the  mine,  the  fact  of  its  being  untenanted,  and 
uo  pupa-skin  protruding,  sufficiently  demonstrates  that  it  is  no 
LifJ/ocoIle/is  mine.  After  quitting  its  mine,  the  larva  turns  down 
a  piece  of  the  edge  of  the  leaf,  and  feeds  within  the  cavity  thus 
formed ;  except  in  the  case  of  the  larva,  which  feeds  on  the  haw- 
thorn, this  turned-down  place  does  not  assume  the  conical  form 
so  prevalent  with  the  larvre  of  GracUar'ui ;  wdien  full-fed,  the 
larva  turns  down  a  smaller  portion  of  the  edge  of  the  leaf,  and 
p})ins  therein  a  Ih'm,  rather  fiat,  ochreous  cocoon. 

I  einimerate  only  nine  British  species  of  this  genus,  though 
probably  I  have  individual-  specimens  of  two  or  three  others,  but 
the  crlreme  similarity/  of  many  of  the  species  renders  it  extremely 
unsafe  to  describe  from  single  caufjj/t  specimens;  one  of  the 
strongest  characters  for  discriminating  the  species  lying  in  the 
c.rtrcme  ti/j  oj'  the  cilia  of  the  anterior  wings,  which  can  rarely  be 
well  seen  except  in  tjfcd  specimens.  On  the  continent  are  four 
or  hvc  other  distinct  species. 

The  genus  may  be  thus  subdivided : — 
a.  Anterior  wings  with  numerous  short  whitish  or  white  streaks  from 

the  costa.      fSpecies  1-8. 
a  a.  Anterior  wings  with  three  triangular  yellowish  marks  on  the  costa. 

Species  9. 

1.  Avellasxella,  Sta. — mcleagripcnnella,  Sta.  Ent.  Trans,  i.  n.  s. 
88. — iaxcJIa,  ('url.?  Alis  anticis  dlhUe  griscis,  dorso  albo-farinato, 
strigulis  numerosis  costie  albitli.s,  niaculis  duabus  plicte,  una  posteriore 
(lisei  fuscis,  ])uncto  apicis  liisco ;  ciliis  albidis,  Hiwls  duabus  inlegris 
fuscis  (lb  apice  us([ue  ad  anguluni  analem ;  palpis  albis,  arliculi  tertii 
basl  anmdoijHe  ante  aplci'nbj'ii^ic'is.     Exp.  al.  \  liu. 

Head  whitish,  mixed  with  fuscous.  Eace  grey.  Palpi  whitish,  the 
last  joint  'with  the  base  and  a  ring  before  the  ajjex  fnscoKs.  Antennae 
(hu-k  fuscous,  annulated  with  white.  Anterior  wings  pate  grey,  iiiter- 
•  mixcd  witli  white,  especially  along  the  imier  margin  ;  along  the  eosta 
are  numerous  short  whitish  sfrc^aks,  obliipiely  placed  till  near  the  apex, 
the  three  inuuediately  bclbn;  the  apex  nearly  straight  ;  in  tiie  fold  arc; 


ORNIX.  2 05 

two  dark  fuscous  spots,  one  before,  the  otlier  beyond  the  middle ;  be- 
yond the  hitter  is  a  dark  spot  on  the  disc ;  in  the  apex,  of  the  win^;  is 
a  minute  dark  spot;  cilia  whitish,  with  two  entire  curved  dark  lines 
from  the  apex  to  the  anal  angle.  Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  with  paler 
cilia. 

( 'ommoii  among  nut-bushes  in  May  and  August.  I'lic  larva 
abundant  in  nut-leaves  in  July,  September,  and  October. 

2.  Devoniella,  Sta.  Eat.  Ti'ans.  i.  n.  s.  SD  (1S50).  Alis  anticis 
ochreis,  dorso  aibido-farinato,  strigulis  nunicrosis  costir  obsoletis,  ma- 
cula fusca  plieic  pone  medium,  puncto  apicis  atro ;  palpis  albis.  Exp. 
ah  H  liu. 

Head  ochreous.  Face  whitish.  Palpi  white.  Antennae  white,  with 
darker  annnlations.  Anterior  wings  ochreous,  mixed  with  whitish, 
especially  along  the  inner  margin  ;  along  the  costa  are  numerous  indis- 
tinct short  whitish  streaks ;  in  the  fold  of  the  wing  is  a  fuscous  spot 
beyond  the  middle,  and  at  the  apex  a  distinct  dark  brown  or  lilack  spot. 
Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  with  ochreous  cilia. 

A  single  specimen,  taken  ]\:Iay  1st,  near  Dawlish,  in  Devon- 
shire. 

3.  Anglicella,  Sta.  Eat.  Trans,  i.  n.  s.  93  (1 850).— w^Jw^m,  Tlaw.  ?  

Step.  ? — inclcafjripennella.  Haw.  ?  Step.  ?     Alis  anticis  saturate  griscis,  '^  .\i  \  , 
dorso  aibido-farinato,  strigulis  nnmerosis  eostas  albidis,  maculis  duabus     ,      -     L 

.       .  .        .  .     .  ...  .  1  4"^ 

pliccP,  luia  posteriore  disci  fusco-nigris,  puncto  apicis  atro ;  ciliis  albi-     I  — 

dis,  cxtCYUc  6is  fusco-cinctis ;  palpis  albis,  artieuli  secundi  apice  fusco,  /tw^tt-  ,     ,>a 

ie)'tii  a/inulo  lato  nigra.     Exp.  al.  5  lin. 

Head  ochreous,  mixed  with  fuscous.  Face  grey.  Palpi  white,  the 
extremity  of  the  second  joint  fuscous;  terminal  joint  with  a  broad  black 
ring.  Antenuic  dark  fuscous,  with  whitish  annnlations.  Anterior 
wings  dark  grey,  intermixed  with  white,  especially  along  the  inner  mar- 
gin; along  the  costa  are  numerous  short  whitish  streaks,  those  towards 
the  apex  bdng  the  most  distinct,  the  last  one  being  continued  round 
the  apical  black  spot  into  the  cilia  of  the  hinder  margin ;  in  the  fold 
are  two  dark  fuscous  spots,  one  before,  the  other  beyond  the  middle ; 
beyond  the  latter  on  the  disc  is  a  smaller  dark  fuscous  spot,  bounded 
externally  by  a  whitish  streak ;  cilia  whitish,  externally  with  two  entire 
dark  fuscous  lines  from  the  apex  to  the  anal  angle.  Posterior  wings 
grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

A  most  abundant  species  in  hedges  in  the  south  of  Kngland, 
appearing  at  tlie  end  of  April  (one  of  the  harbingca-s  of  summer), 
ami  in  May,  and  again  in  August.  I  have  bred  it  from  larva;  oiF 
sloe,  ami  1  believe  it  also  feeds  on  tlu;  bawl  horn.  The  larva  may 
be  found  in  July  and  September. 

4.  Betulae,  n.  sp.  Alis  anticis  saturate  griscis,  dorso  aibido-fari- 
nato, strigulis  nnmerosis  costa;  albidis,  maculis  duabus  pliciv,  niui  pos- 
teriore disci  nigris,  puncto  apicis  uifjro ;  ciliis  griscis,  linca  saturate 


206  GUACILAiaiD/E. 

fusca  ab  apiccm,  linea  secunda  sub  apiceisi  usque  ad  angulum  analcm, 
ciUis  aplcis  exierne  alh'is ;  palpis  albis,  arUculi  tertii  aitnulo  Into  satnrate 
fusco.     Exp.  al.  4  lin. 

Head  greyish-fuscous.  Face  grey.  Palpi  wliite  ;  ieniibinl  joint  icith 
a  broad  dark  fuscous  ring  before  the  apex.  Antenna!  dark  fuscous,  with 
paler  annulations.  Anterior  wings  dark  grey,  irroratcd  with  whitish, 
more  esj:)ecially  towards  the  inner  margin,  with  numerous  short  whitish 
streaks  from  the  costa ;  on  the  fold  are  two  oblong  black  spots,  the 
second  almost  in  the  middle,  another  lies  on  the  disc  beyond  the  mid- 
dle ;  at  the  apex  is  a  small  black  spot ;  cilia  grey,  with  a  dark  grey 
line  from  the  apex  to  the  anal  angle,  and  another  beyond  it  below  the 
apex ;  the  tip  of  the  apical  cilia  beincj  white.  Posterior  wings  pale  grey, 
with  pale  greyish-ochreous  cilia. 

I  have  twice  bred  this  from  larvrc  fouiul  on  birch,  in  July.  A 
second  brood  of  larvae  feeds  in  the  birch-leaves  in  September  and 
October. 

5.  scutulatella,  n.  sp.  Alis  awiiQh  fusco-griseis,  «//^o-farinato, 
prfccipue  dorsum  versus,  strigulis  numerosis  costas  albis,  macula  duabus 
oblongis  plicaj,  una  posteriore  disci  fusco-iiigris,  puncto  apicis  atro ; 
ciliis  albidis,  linea  saturate  fusca  ab  apicem,  hnea  secunda  snb  apicem 
usque  ad  angulum  analem,  ciliis  apicis  externe  albis ;  palpis  albis,  iin- 
mac/ilatis.     Exp.  al.  4^  hn. 

Head  whitish,  mixed  with  fuscous.  Pace  grey.  Palpi  white,  nn- 
spotted.  AntenniB  fuscous,  with  whitish  annulations.  Anterior  wings 
(jreijislt-fascons,  irroratcd  with  while,  especially  along  the  inner  margin 
(having  a  more  speckled  appearance  than  any  of  its  congeners) ;  along 
the  costa  are  numerous  short  white  streaks,  the  last  of  which  passes 
round  the  apical  black  spot  to  the  hinder  margin ;  in  the  fold  are  two 
oblong  dark  fuscous  spots,  and  beyond  is  a  lesser  one  on  the  disc;  cilia 
whitish,  with  a  curved  dark  line  from  the  apex  to  the  anal  angle,  be- 
yond which  is  a  second  dark  line  below  the  apex,  but  the  tips  of  the  ajn- 
cat  cilia  are  white.     Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

I  have  taken  tliis  on  the  Dartford  Heath  fence  in  June.  It  is 
also  i)i  the  collections  of  Mr,  Douglas  and  ]\lr.  AVeir. 

().  torqmllella,  Zell.  Ent.  Ztg.  18.50.  p.  IGl;  Sta. — meleagrlpen- 
nella,  Iliib.?  Dup.  ?  Evers.  ?  hXv?,  i\\\\.\€\?,  saturate  %\\%Qh,  (jlancescenti- 
hns,  (lorso  albido,  strigulis  numerosis  cost;u  albidis,  duabus  ultiinis  albis, 
maculis  duabus  pHcai,  una  posteriore  disci  nigris,  puncto  apicis  utro  ; 
ciliis  albidis,  externe  bis  fusco-cinctis ;  cai)illis  oehreo-fnscis,  frontc  (jrisea ; 
palpis  albis  imnuiculatis.     Exp.  al.  5  lin. 

1  lead  ochreons,  'mixed  with  fuscous.  Pace  (jrey.  Pal])i  white,  im- 
maculate. Antenna:;  dark  fuscous,  with  paler  annulations.  Anterior 
wings  dark  grey,  icith  a  slight  purple  gloss,  with  the  inner  margin 
whitish,  and  with  numerous  short  obli([ue  whitish  streaks  along  the 
eobta,  and  two  nearly  straight  short  white  streaks  from  the  costa  before 
llie  aj)ex,  the  latter  of  which  is  continued  round  the  apical  black  spot 


ouNix.  207 

to  tlio  hinder  margin  ;  in  tlio  fold  arc  two  ol)long  black  spots,  one  be- 
fore, the  other  beyond  the  middle,  and  bcvond  them  is  a  small  dark  spot 
on  the  disc,  preceding  the  continnation  of  the  costal  streak  fifth  from  the 
apex  ;  cilia  wliitish,  extei-nally  vUh  two  curved  dark  lines  from  the  apex 
to  the  anal  angle.     Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  with  i)aler  cilia. 

Not  common;  appears  in  ^lay  and  Augnst.  The  larva  feeds 
in  sloe-leaves  in  July  and  September ;  it  has  been  reared  by  Mr. 
Logan  and  myself. 

7.  Scoticeila,  Sta.  Ent.  Trans,  i.  n.  s.  91.  {\9,r:>i)).—r,ieleafjripen- 
nella,  Treit. '?     Alls  anticis  saturate  griseis,  Lasi  dorso([nc  alljo-fariualis,   ,Kn  -rr-r- 
strignlis  numerosis  costjc  albis,  maculis  dnabns  plicie,  una  disci  postc-   '^^■ 
riore  fusco-nigris,  puncto  apicis  atro ;  ciliis  albidis,  e.ftov/tf  bis  fasco-       \o   ^ 
ciiictis;  ca\:ii\\is  albis/nsco-mi.vtis, /route paljjisq/ie  albis.     Exp.  al.  5  lin.  " 

Head  ichite,  mixed  with  fuscous.  Face  while.  Talpi  white,  imma- 
culate. Antennfc  fuscous,  annulated  with  white.  Anterior  wings  dark 
grey,  irrorated  with  ichile  at  the  tjase  and  along  the  inner  margin,  with 
numerous  short  white  streaks  from  the  costa,  the  last  of  which  is  con- 
tinued round  the  apical  tjlaeli  spot  to  the  hinder  margin ;  in  the  fold 
are  two  oblong  blackish  spots,  and  beyond  is  a  snudler  blackish  spot 
on  the  disc,  followed  by  a  short  white  streak  ;  cilia  whitish,  with  two 
curved  dark  lines  from  the  apex  to  the  anal  angle.  Posterior  wings 
grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Abundart  in  Scotland  among  mountain-asli,  in  June.  The 
larva  feeds  in  the  leaves  of  the  mountain-ash  in  August  and  Sep- 
tember.    I  am  not  aware  that  it  is  double-brooded. 

S.  Loganella,  Sta.  Zool.  IS-iS.  p.  21G2.  Alis  anticis  nifjro-fuscis, 
strigulis  nujucrosis  cost;f,  maculis  duahus  dorsi,  strigulaque  disci  poste- 
riore  albis,  puncto  apicis  atro  ;  eihis  albidis,  externe  fusco-cinctis.  Exp. 
al.  \\  lin. 

Head  greyish,  mixed  witli  brown.  I'ace  grey.  Palpi  white.  An- 
tcnnic  fuscous,  with  paler  annulations.  Anterior  wings  blackish,  with 
numerous  short  white  streaks  along  the  costa,  and  two  larger  ichitish 
spots  on  the  inner  margin,  one  before,  the  other  beyond  the  micMle,  be- 
yond the  latter  on  the' disc  is  a  short  white  streak ;  at  the  extreme  apex 
is  a  small  black  spot ;  cilia  whitish,  with  a  curved  dark  line  from  the 
apex  to  the  anal  angle.  Posterior  wings  grey,  with  grcyish-ochreous 
cilia. 

A  scarce  species;  appears  in  .June  and  July.  Jt  has  been  taken 
in  several  localities  in  the  west  of  Scotland,  and  also  in  Cumber- 
land. 

9.  guttea.  Haw.  L.  P,.  :^'^\  (1S29) ;  ^tcp.—ffultiferefla,  Hup.  L.  F. 
xi.  pi.  30G.  f.  12;  Zeli. — malinelta,  Hiib.  Larva'? — manjinimaculella, 
Evers.  ?  AUs  anticis  bruimeis,  guttis  tribus  costa^  triangularibus,  cum 
dual)U3  dorsi  alternantibus,  albidis.     J>xp.  al.  5,\  lin. 

Head  dark  ochreous.     Face  rather  paler.      Palpi  white.      Antennae 


208  COLEOl'IIOUIDyE. 

(lark  fuscous,  with  paler  aiinulations.  Anterior  wings  dark  brown, 
with  three  triangular  whitish  spots  on  the  costa,  alternating  with  two 
others  on  the  inner  margin ;  cilia  brown,  with  a  few  whitish  scales  on 
the  costa  before  the  apex,  and  in  the  middle  of  the  hinder  margin,  and 
with  two  rows  of  darker  scales  round  the  apex.  Posterior  wings  grey- 
ish-fuscous, with  paler  cilia. 

Common  among  apple-trees  in  May  and  June.    The  larva  feeds 
in  apple-leaves  iu  July  and  August. 


Eamily  IX.     COLEOPIIOillD.E. 

(!aput  superne  ac  in  fronte  Irevigatura.     Aniennre  articulo  basali  ple- 

rumque  penieillato,  in  quiete  j^orredfe.    Palpi  maxillares  nulli.    Palpi 

labiales  tenues,  articulo  tertio  acuminato.    Alec  liongcdcp.  lunceolatce. 

Head  above  and  in  front  smooth.     A)iteiiua  porrecled  in  repose,  the 

basal  joint  frequently  with  a  tuft  of  hair.     Maxillary  palpi  none.     La- 

l)ial  palpi  slender,  terminal  joint  acuunnate.     Wings  ehngrde,  lanceolate. 

There  are  only  two  genera  in  this  family,  and  one  of  those  cou- 

tains  only  one  species   [GoiiioiJoina  anrognltclhi),  not  at  present 

known  as  British ;  consequently  we  have  only  the  remaining  genus 

to  consider. 

Genus  I.     COLEOPHORA.    ^-Vli'  \^' 

CoLEOPUOKA,  Zell.  Isis,  18.39,  p.  206;    Dup.  Cat.     Torreelnria  j)., 
Haw.      Ornix  p.,  Treit.     Damopltila  et  Porrectaria,  Curt.     Ornix  et 
Gracillaria  p.,  Dup.  L.  F.  xi.     Astyages  p.,  Metalloseiia  et  Porrec- 
taria, Step. 
( -aput  superne  ac  hi  fronte  hcvigatum.     Ocelli  nulli.     Antenuic  articulo 
basali  elongato,  incrassato,  plerumque  penieillato,  intcrduni  usque 
medium  squamis  incrassat;^3.     Haustellum  scpuunatum.     Palpi  labi- 
ales tenues,  subporrecti,  articulo  secuudo  fasciculo  tcnui  ju'oducto, 
articulo  tertio  acuminato.     Ahe  elongata;,  lanceolata!,  ionge  ciliata^ ; 
anteriores  :  vena  subeostalis  basim  versus  obsoleta ;   vena)  e  cellula 
discoidalis  in  costam  tres,  in  apiccm  una,  in  marginem  posticum  trcs ; 
vena  sulxlorsalis  Ionge  furcata ;    postcriores :  vena  apicalis  furcata 
supra  et  infra  apicem  exit ;  vena  discoidalis  simplex,  mediana  bifida. 
Larva  saccophora,  inetamorphosis  inlra  succnin. 
Head  above  and  in  front  smooth.    Ocelli  noiu;.    Antenna^  sometimes 
tiiickcnod  with  scales  to  the  middle,  basal  joint  elongate  and  tliickcned, 
i'n'(|ucutly  with  a  tuft  of  hair.     Tongue  scaled.     Labial  ])alpi  slender, 
rather  porrcctcd,  with  a  slender  prolonged  tuft  from  the  second  joint, 


i:()i,r,opiioi!.\.  20i) 

llic  lliird  joint  pointed.  "WiiiLTs  elongate,  lanfcolatr,  with  loni>-  cilia. 
In  the  anterior  wings  tlic  sul)co.-stal  xcin  is  obsolete  towards  llu;  hase  ; 
from  the  discoidal  cell  three  veins  run  to  the,  costa,  one  to  the;  apex, 
and  three  to  the  hinder  margin;  the  sni)dorsal  vein  has  a  long  i'oik. 
In  the  posterior  wings  the  liireate  apical  vein  terminates  above  and  be- 
low the  apex;  the  discoidal  vein  is  simj)le ;  the  median  billd.  The 
larva  a  case-bearer,  changing  to  a  pupa  wllhin  Ihc  caac. 

The  species  of  this  genus  are  rather  numerous,  no  h.'ss  than 
forty-one  pjritisli  being  already  known,  and  many  others  oe(;ur  ou 
the  continent.  The  perfect  insects  of  some  species  may  be  t'ouiid 
connnonly  on  palings  and  trunks  of  trees,  but  the  greater  part 
lead  a  very  retired  life,  and  are  rarely  seen;  ilu;  tree-feeding  spe- 
cies may  be  observed  in  windy  weather.  Hying  on  the  lec-sidc  of 
the  trees,  endeavouring  to  resume  their  position  on  the  branclu^s, 
from  which  the  agitation  of  the  foliage  had  dislodged  them;  the 
other  species  are  rarely  met  with  on  the  wing,  and  lly  only  for  short 
distances  if  accidentally  started  from  their  retreats.  8oine  of  the 
species  are  of  brilliant  metallic  colours,  others  of  a  uniform  brown 
or  ochreous,  but  the  greater  part  are  distinguished  by  ])ale  longi- 
tudinal streaks  upon  a  dark  ground.  The  larv;e  are  esi)eeially 
distinguished  by  their  cases  and  their  mode  of  feeding.  'J'lie 
cases  are  constructed  either  entii'ely  of  silk,  or  of  two  cuticles  of 
a  mined  leaf  fastened  together  and  lined  with  silk ;  the  form  of 
the  case  is  extremely  varied,  and  is  fre([uently  of  service;  to  dis- 
tinguish closely-allied  species.  The  very  young  larvie  are  in 
most  instances  miners  till  they  have  mined  a  sullicient  portion  ol' 
leaf  to  furnish  them  with  a  case;  they  then  cut  out  their  case, 
and  attach  it  to  the  underside  of  the  leaf,  wdien  they  make  a  cir- 
cular hole  in  the  lower  cuticle  of  the  leaf,  and  proceed  to  devour 
the  parenchyma,  gradually  insei'ting  a  larger  portion  of  their 
body  into  the  leaf  as  they  consume  the  parenchyma  near  the  en- 
trance-hole, and  have  to  reach  further:  thus  tlu-y  not  nnfre(|neiuly 
may  be  found  quite  out  of  the  case,  and  wholly  within  the  h'af ; 
this  always  happens  when  they  ai'c  preparing  to  make  a  fn'sh  case; 
then  they  eat  in  one  continuous  direction  tdl  tli(>y  have  excavated 
a  suilicient  portion,  which  they  sew  together  and  cut  out,  leaving 
the  old  case  attached  to  the  leaf.  The  ndned  places  are  fre(piently 
very  conspicuous,  being  whitish  or  brown,  and  ///('  ro/n/i/  Imlc  in 
the  cuticle  of  I  he  Av//"  sutliciently  shows  it  to  be;  tlu;  \\^^\\<  of  a 
Coleophora  larva,  even  though  the  larva  be  not  there,  'i'he  larvae 
of  some  of  the  species  feed  on  seeds,  attaching  the  case  to  the 
outsitle,  aiul  boring  in.  All  the  species  appear  to  remain  a  long 
time  in  the  larva  slate  (some  as  nnicli  as  nine  moid  lis),  ami  to  be 
in  that  state  during  the  w'inter  mtJiiths. 

VOL.  ui.  2   E 


210  COLEOrilORID.E. 

The  British  species  of  the  genus  may  be  arranged  in  the  fol- 
lowing table : — 

a.  Anterior  wings  brilliant  metallic  greenish,  or  bronze.     Species  1-5. 
a  a.  Anterior  wings  not  greenish  or  bronze,  and  not  unicolorous. 

h.  Antennae  much  thickened  with  scales  towards  the  base.     Sp.  6-9. 
h  h.  Autcnnte  hardly  thicl\ened  with  scales  towards  the  base,  or  quite 
bare. 
c.  Antennae  with  a  tuft  of  hair  at  the  basal  joint.    Species  10-17, 

and  20. 
c  c.  Antenna}  with  no  tuft  of  hair  at  the  basal  joint.     Species  18, 
19,  21-29. 
n  a  a.  Anterior  wings  not  greenish  or  bronze,  quite  unicolorous,  or  only 
with  the  costa  slightly  paler.     Species  30-41. 

Many  of  the  species  are  so  extremely  similar,  and  yet  each 
s])ccics  has  a  considerable  range  of  variation,  that  it  is  no  easy 
matter  to  decide  from  single  specimens  taken  on  tlie  wing  (and 
frequently  in  rather  wasted  condition)  to  which  species  they  should 
be  referred,  or  w  liether  they  are  not,  in  fact,  new^  species ;  to  pro- 
nounce with  certainty  on  such  points,  we  require  to  know  the 
larva?.  It  thus  happens  that  many  species  I  had  previously  cata- 
logued as  distinct,  I  have  here  united  as  synonyms  of  one  s]Dccies ; 
yet  that  I  am  correct  in  so  doing  can  only  be  proved  by  the  dis- 
covery of  the  larva;  being  identical.  Of  some  species,  which  I 
have  no  doubt  are  distinct  from  any  here  enumerated,  I  possess 
specimens,  but  in  a  condition  too  wasted  to  enable  me  to  describe 
them. 

1.  Fabriciella,  Till.  E.  L.  ii.  527.  1077  (ll%2).—spissicorms. 
Haw.;  Curt.;  Step.  pi.  41.  f.  l.—AIcn/rcUa,  ZelL;  lliib.  322?— /«s- 
cbua-penneUa,  Evers.  AHs  anticis  nitidis  viridi-a^neis,  apicem  versus 
cuprcis  ;  antennis  dhiiidio  basal  I  squaii/is  CHj}7-eis  dense  vestito,  ccptenmi 
alio  nigro-annidato.     Exp.  al.  5^  liu. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  greenish-bronze.  Antennfe  tldcldy  clolUed  vith 
coppery  scales  to  the  middle,  then  sharply  amudaled  black  and  tohlte. 
Anterior  wings  shining  bronzy-green,  towards  the  apex  coppery ;  cilia 
purplish-gi-cy.     Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  ciha. 

Appears  in  June  and  July;  sometimes  very  plentiful  in  mea- 
dows, and  in  dry  flowery  places. 

2.  deauratella,  Lieuig,  Isis,  1840,  p.  295  ;  Zell. ;  Sta. — Tri/olii, 
Step.  ?  Alis  anticis  nitidis  viridi-anieis,  apice  cupreo  ;  antennis  fuscis, 
art'icnlo  hasall  ac  sequentibHS  sqna)uls  ciqireis  vestitls,  aj)ice  albo.  Exp. 
al.  (i-Gi  liu. 

Head,  face,  and  ])alpi  dark  brouzy-grecn.  Antenna^  dark  fuscous, 
the  basal  joint  much  thic/iened,  and  several  of  the  succeeding  joints  slightly 
so  with  coppery  scales,  the  apex  while.     Anterior  wings  bronzy-green, 


COLEOPUORA.  211 

tlio  npox  coppciy ;    cilia  purplish.      Posterior  wings  dark  grey,  with 
paler  cilia. 

Occurs  in  July  among  clover,  but  scarce. 

3.  alcyonipennella,  Kollar,  Yerz.  der  nied.  est.  Schm.  p.  99; 
Dup. ;  Zcll. ;  Sta. ;  Dougl.  Eat.  Trans,  ii.  n.  s.  80.  pi.  xi.  f.  2.  Alis 
anticis  viridi-asncis ;  antennis  artictdo  basali  vix  hicrassato,  saturate 
viridi-pcneis,  articidis  septem  idthnis  albis.     Exp.  al.  5.\  liu. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  dark  bronzy-grccu.  Antennjc  witJt  the  basal 
jobd  only  very  sVujhlhj  thickened,  dark  bronzy-green,  the  lad  seven  joints 
ichUe.  Anterior  wings  shining  bronzy-green ;  cilia  greyish-bronze. 
Posterior  wings  grey,  with  grey  cilia. 

Appears  in  July  among  Ceutaurea  nigra,  but  the  perfect  insect 
is  rarely  met  with,  Tlic  larva  is  more  readily  founds  and  is  nearly 
full-fed  in  ]\Iay;  it  has  a  nearly  straight  cylindrical  dark  brown 
case,  and  makes  rather  transparent  pale  brownish  Ijlotches  on  the 
leaves  of  the  Ceutaurea  nigra.  It  has  been  found  in  various  parts 
of  the  country,  near  Liverpool,  Dublin,  Mickleham,  etc. 

4.  Frischella,  Linn.  S.  N.  (10)  541.  289  (1758);  W.V.;  Zcll.; 
Sta. — Trifulii,  Curt.  15.  1'].  ib.  391.  Alis  anticis  nitidimmis  viridi- 
seneis  apicc  cupreo  ;  antennis,  artieulo  basali  vix  incrassato,  I'useis,  apiee 
albo.     Exp.  al.  8-9  lin. 

Head,  face,  and  jialpi  bronzy-green.  Antennnc;  fuscous,  with  the 
terminal  joints  white,  the  basal  joint  hardly  thickened  with  bronzy-green 
scales.  Anterior  wings  extremely  shining,  bronzy-green,  with  the  apex 
coppery  ;  cilia  purplish-grey.     Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

j\lr.  Dale  met  with  this  species  rather  plentifully  among  trefoil 
flow'ers,  near  the  shore  in  the  Isle  of  Portland,  and  at  Charmouth, 
in  Dorsetshire,  July  11th  and  11th,  1831. 

5.  paripennella  (F.  v.  H.),  Zell.  Isis,  1839,  p.  208;  Sta.     Alis     .     -__ 
anticis /«.«'o-;eneis  ;  antennis  fuscis,  apicc  albo.     Exp.  al.  5  lin.  l\  .  V  1  \ 

Head  blaekish-grecn.     Pace  rather  silvery.     Vatpi  yellowish.     An-  ,^   i 

tenna}  dark  fuscous,  with  the  apex  white,  the  basal  joint  scarcely  thick-        1     ^ 
ened.     Anterior  wings //«co?(i-bronze  (comparatively  short  and  broad), 
with  paler  cilia.     Posterior  wings  grey,  witli  paler  cilia. 

Appears  in  June,  and  found  occasionally  in  hedges  and  on 
fences.  The  cases  containing  the  full-fed  larva  or  j)upa  are  found 
in  April  or  May  attached  to  palings,  trunks  of  trees,  etc.;  they 
may  be  immediately  recognized  by  the  rugose  projections  on  the 
upper  side,  the  mouth  is  turned  round  nearly  at  right  angles, 
whereby  the  case  is  parallel  to  the  surface  to  which  it  is  attached, 
and  is  much  less  easily  seen  than  if  it  projected,  as  usual,  at  an 
angle  of  about  45°;  in  other  respects  the  case  has  no  peculiarity, 
being  rather  short,  straight,  cylindric,  but  rather  attenuated  be- 
hind.    The  larva  which,  1  believe,  belongs  to  this  species,  feeds 


213  (OLEOl'IIOltlD.E. 

up  ill  autumn  ;  it  is  polypliagous^  and  I  have  found  it  on  sloe,  nut, 
bircli,  bramble,  etc. 

G.  Wcckeellaj  Zcll.  L.  E.  iv.  315  (1819);  Sta.  Alis  anticis 
hrmiiicis,  apicc  producto,  vcuis  albidis,  costa  tcuuissime  alba,  posticc 
(liluto-oclirca  ;  antcmiis  albis,  uigro-aniiulatis,  apicc  albo,  dimidio  bamll 
in  dorso  Ioiuj'uih  -piloHO  crislalo,  articidi  basalis  pciiicillo  griseo.  Exp. 
ab  10  lin. 

Head  and  fiice  pale  greyish- brown.  Palpi  whitish.  Antenua3  whitish, 
aiuudatod  witli  black  to  near  the  apex,  the  basal  half  clothed  with  long 
dark  hairs  on  thi'  hni-l\  the  basal  joint  with  a  little  grey  tuft.  Anterior 
wings  brown,  witli  [\w.  apex  produced  ;  the  prhicipal  veins  are  faintly 
white ;  the  costa  is  narrowly  white,  posteriorly  pale  ochreous ;  cilia 
brown.     Posterior  Aviugs  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Two  specimens  were  taken  by  Mr.  AVeir,  at  Pembnry,  a  few 
years  back.  Last  summer  he  bred  a  third  from  a  dark  brown  slightly 
curved  case  be  found  attached  to  a  leaf  of  Genista  tinctorla,  al- 
thougli  there  v.-erc  no  symptoms  that  the  larva  bad  fed  upon  that 
plant. 

7.  oclareaj  Haw.  L.  B.  533  (183'J);  Step.  ;  Zell.  L.  E.  iv. ;  Sta. 
— ttrj/pntipennctlu,  Dup.  L.  E.  xi.  pi.  310.  f.  3;  Zell.  Isis,  184-7. — hap- 
sidla,  Zell.  Isis,  1831).  Alis  anticis  ochreis,  costam  versus  saturatiori- 
l)us,  dorso  (tnf/nsle  lincaqne  plicfC  urginduis ;  antennis  albis  (penicillo  ba- 
siili  longo  ocbrco),  squauiis  ochreis  usiiue  medium  vestitis.  Exp.  al. 
y  lin. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  ochreous.  Antenna;  clothed  with  ochreous 
iiairs  to  near  the  nnddle,  then  unicolorous  white,  the  basal  joint  with  a 
long  ochreous  tuft.  Anterior  wings  ochreous,  rather  darker  towards 
the  costa,  wltli.  a  silver  streak  along  the  fold,  and  a  narrow  one  on  the 
inner  margin;  cilia  grcyish-ochreous.  Posterior  wings  fuscous,  with 
paler  cilia. 

( )ccnrs  at  JUddlcsdown  in  July  and  August,  but  more  commonly 
near  Bristol.  Tlic  cases  have  been  found  on  the  seeds  of  Poten- 
lillu  argcntca. 

8.  binotapennella  (E.  v.  It.),  Hup.  L.  E.  Sup.  iv.  395.  pi.  75. 
f.  3  (1813). — t/inotalella,  Zi'll. ;  Sla.  Alis  anticis  obscure  ochreis, 
pnnctin  dnotinH  obsolelis,  uno  in  medio  plic;e,  altero  posteriorc;  disci, 
salnrale  fiscis ;  antennis  albis,  fusco-amiulatis,  basim  versus  squamis 
oelireis  in  dorso  vestitis,  articuli  basalis  penicillo  brevi  ochreo.  Exp. 
al.  (;.\  lin. 

]b;ad,  face,  and  palpi  ochreous.  Antennie  white,  annulated  with 
fuseous,  clotluxl  with  ochreous  scales  on  the  back  towards  the  base, 
with  a  rather  short  ochreous  tuft  at  the  basal  joint.  Anterior  wings 
dull  0(;hreous,  nvth  two  indistinct  dark  fiiscons  spots,  one  about  the 
niiddU^  of  the  fold,  tin;  other  on  the  disc  towards  the  hinder  margin; 
cilia  dull  ochreous.    I'osterior  wings  pale  grey,  with  {)ale  ochreous  cilia. 


COLKOPIIORA.  213 

Taken  in  August  last,  on  tlic  coast  near  I^righton,  by  j\Ir. 
Heininings  and  Mr.  Douglas^  among  Saiicornia  and  Chcnopodium 
riiarillnium, 

9.  Lixella,  Zcll.  L.  E.  iv.  231  (ISM));  Sta.— o;vw/m,  Haw.— 
onudipeui/clla,  Stc]).  ;  Dap.?  Alls  aiiticis  dilute  luteis,  apicc  incurve 
producto,  liuca  plicfc,  liucola  disci,  liiicolis  quin(|ue  obliquis  coslaui 
versus  aY'^cuieh,  fn.sco-iiiarffi)//iiis ;  autciuiis  albis,  l)asim  versus  squaniis 
albis  vcstitis,  artieuli  l)asalis  pcnicillo  loup;o  alI)ido.     Exp.  al.  S,l  liu. 

Head,  lace,  aud  ])alpi  white.  Auteuua^  white,  slij^litly  clotlicd  with 
white  scaUjs  ue;u'  the  base,  with  a  k)U2^  yellowish-wliite  tuft  at  tiic  basal 
joint.  Anterior  wings  with  the  aj)ex  j)rolonged  and  curved,  ])ale  yellow, 
with  a  silvery  streak  along  the  fold,  a  short  one  a  little  above  it  on  the 
disc,  and  five  short  obli(pie  silvery  streaks  towards  the  costa;  all  tJiese 
streaks  are  viarguied  with  /nHcous ;  the  inner  margin  is  also  narrowly 
silvery  ;  cilia  pale  fuscous.     Posterior  wings  fuscous,  witli  ])aler  cilia. 

Occurs  at  Micklehani,  Sanderstead,  and  near  15ri.^tol,  at  the 
end  of  June  and  begiuniug  of  July.  The  larva  feeds  (according 
to  Zeller)  on  the  leaves  o'(  llolcus  hinalus. 

10.  vibicella,  TTiU).  30S  (ISIG);  Ztdl. ;  Sta.  —  vihlclpenudla, 
Treit. ;  Dap.  ;  Evers. ;  Weaver.  Alis  anticis  ochrois,  lineola  obli(|ua 
pone  medium  juxta  costam  lineola  angulata  disci  (spatio  interjeeto  brun- 
nesceute),  lineola([uc  plicaj,  argeuteis ;  antcnnis  albis,  artieuli  basalis 
penieillo  longo  oclireo.     Exp.  ai.  9.1  lin. 

Head  ochreous.  Face  and  palpi  silvery.  Antcnniu  white,  with  a 
long  ochreom  tuft  at  the  basal  joint.  Anterior  wings  ochreous,  with 
three  silvery  streaks,  one  on  the  subcostal  vein  commenciv(j  near  the 
raidille  of  the  wing,  not  reaching  to  the  costa,  one  slightly  angulatcd  ou 
tlu!  disc  (the  space  between  these  two  is  brownish,  which  colour  is  con- 
tiinied  to  the;  apex  of  the  wing),  and  one  along  the  fold  terminating  be- 
fore the  anal  angle;  cilia  grey.     Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

1  am  not  aware  of  any  collector  having  detected  this  insect  in 
this  country,  except  Mr.  \W^aver,  who  found  the  larva)  in  Trench 
Wood,  \\'orccstershire,  in  the  first  week  of  June,  iSik  The 
larva^  feed  on  Ihi,'  Genista  tinctoria,  in  firm,  shining  black  cases, 
which,  as  iMr.  Weaver  remarks,  arc  not  unlike  the  ripe  pods  of 
some  papilionaceous  plants. 

11.  conspicuella  (:\Iann.),  Zell.  E.  E.  iv.  230  (1S19);  Sta. 
Alis  antieis  dilute  liitfis,  linen  propc  costam  a  fjasi  ufique  apiceni  lineola 
angnlata  disci  (spatio  interjeeto  brunnescente),  linea  plica',  dorsoi/ue 
anfjHste  argenteis ;  antennis  albis,  artieuli  basalis  penieUlo  longo  atbido. 
Exp.  al.  9  lin. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  irhitinh.  Antenna^  white,  with  a  long  ichitish 
tail  at  the  basal  joint.  Anterior  wings  pule  i/el tow,  with  the  inner  mar- 
gin narrowly  Hilveri/,  and  with  three  silvery  streaks,  one  near  the  costa, 
commencinfj  at  the  tjase,  and  continued  to  innnediatt;ly  before  the  apex, 


214  COLEOPHORIDiiE. 

one  slightly  aiigulated  on  the  disc  before  the  anal  angle  (the  space  be- 
tween these  two  is  brownish),  the  third  is  on  the  fold;  cilia  pale  grey. 
Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  with  ochreous-grey  cilia. 

A  single  specimen  was  taken  by  Mr.  Bedell,  in  Headlcy-lanc, 
near  Micklehara,  July  12th,  1847.  The  larva  feeds  on  Centaurea 
scabiosa,  in  a  rather  large,  slightly-curved,  somewhat  flattened 
brown  case.  Mr.  S.  Stevens  has  twice  found  it  in  the  hilly  field 
at  Ileadley-lane,  in  June,  but  has  not  succeeded  in  breeding  the 
perfect  insect. 

12.  pyrrhulipennella  (Tischer),  Zell.  Isis,  3  839,  p.  206  ;  Sta. — 
vibkigerella,  Dap.  ?  Ahs  anticis  griseo-ochreis,  costaiu  versus  satura- 
tioribus,  costa,  lineolajyffr«?M  angulata  disci,  linea  plicfe,  dorsoque  nlveis ; 
anteiuiis  albis  fusco  annulatis,  articuli  basalis  penicilio  cjriseo.  Exp.  al. 
C  hn. 

Head  and  face  greyish-ochreous.  Palpi  white.  Antcnnfe  white, 
annulated  with  dark  fuscous,  the  basal  joint  with  a  grey  tuft.  Ante- 
rior wings  greyish-ochreous,  darker  towards  the  costa,  with  the  costa 
and  inner  margin  movu  white,  a  sliyldhj  (utijulated  mou-y  white  streak 
on  tlie  disc  above  the  anal  angle,  and  a  snowy  white  streak  along  the 
fold  reaching  to  the  anal  angle,  where  it  appears  to  run  into  the  white 
hinder  margin;  cilia  greyish-ochreous.  Posterior  wings  dark  grey, 
with  paler  cilia. 

Occurs  in  June  and  July  on  heaths ;  has  been  taken  at  Dart- 
ford  Heath,  Wimbledon  Common,  and  near  Iluddersfield.  The 
larva  feeds  on  Callnna  vulgaris  and  Erica  cinerea  in  autumn  and 
spring,  and  the  shining  black  cases  of  the  full-fed  larva;  may  be 
found  in  May. 

13.  albicosta.  Haw.  L.  B.  .535  (1829);  Step.;  Curt.  B.  E.  fo. 
GS7  ;  Zell.;  Sta.  Alis  anticis  (/i/«/6' griseo-ochreis,  costam  versus  satu- 
ratioribus,  costa  lineola /fve  recta  disci,  lineaque  ^Yvcdd  albis ;  anteimis 
albis,  fusco-ammlatis,  articuU  basalis  penicilio  brevi  ochreo.  Exp.  al.  7  lin. 

Head  greyish-ochreous.  Pace  and  palpi  whitish.  Antenna)  white, 
annulated  with  fuscous,  the  basal  joint  with  a  short  ochreous  tuft.  An- 
terior wings  ^>«Ze  greyish-ochreous,  darker  tow^ards  the  costa,  with  the 
costa  wJilte,  and  with  a  short  ivJtitc  streak  on  the  disc  commencing  near 
the  middle  of  the  wing,  and  a  n-Jiite  streak  on  the  fold ;  a  short  white 
streak  runs  along  the  hinder  margin  at  the  apex  ;  cilia  greyish-ochreous. 
Posterior  wings  grey,  with  greyish-ochreous  cilia. 

Very  common  amongst  furze-bushes  at  the  end  of  May  and  in 
June. 

If.  Vulnerarise,  Zell.  Isis,  1839,  p.  207  ;  Sta. — icterella,  Dup.? 
Alls  anticis  dilute  luteis,  costa,  lincola  disci  fere  recta,  linea  i)lica\,  dor- 
so([UC  argodeo-albidis,  sqiiamis  fuscis  jiarcc  maryiuatis ;  anteimis  all)is 
fusco-annulatis,  basim  versus  squaniis  albidis  vcstitis,  articuli  basalis 
penicilio  breviusculo  albido.     Exp.  al.  0  liu. 


COLKOPIIORxV.  215 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  wliito.  Antennre  white,  anmilatcd  with  dark 
grey,  the  three  first  joints  sliglilly  thickened  with  wliitisli  scales,  the 
basal  joint  with  a  rather  short  whitish  tuft.  Anterior  wings  pale  yel- 
low, with  the  costa  and  inner  margin,  a  nearly  straight  streak  on  the 
disc  beyond  the  middle,  and  a  streak  along  the  fold  nilverij  vMte,  with 
some  cha-k  fuscous  scales  on  the  viargius  of  these  streaks ;  cilia  pale  fuscous. 
Posterior  Mings  dark  greyish-fuscous,  with  paler  cilia. 

Appears  in  June  and  Julv;  specimens  have  occurred  near 
Deal. 

15.  anatipennella,  lliib.  Tin.  ISG  (1801);  Treit. ;  Step.— 7"///- 

ella,  Schr. ;  ZcU. ;  Sta. — anatiponits.  Haw.  ?     Alis  anticis  albis,  squamls    /rv)  -y-rr 
sparsis  ficscis,  prajcipue  apieem  versus ;  antennis  albis,  fuscescente  an-  ~— 

nulatis,  artieuli  basalis  pcnicillo  longo  albido.     Exp.  al.  1^  lin.  .  a-v— 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  white.  Antennai  white,  annulated  with  pale 
fuscous,  the  basal  joint  with  a  long  whitish  tuft.  Anterior  wings  white, 
?cith  numerous  scattered  fuscous  scales,  especially  towards  the  apex  ;  cilia 
white,  with  the  ends  fuscous.     Posterior  wings  fuscous,  with  paler  cilia. 

Not  uncommon  in  hedges  in  June  and  July.  The  larva  has  a 
brown-black  case,  somewhat  in  the  form  of  a  pistol,  wliicli  (ac- 
cording to  Eeaumur's  observations)  is  entirely  constructed  of  silk 
spun  by  the  larva,  and  afterwards  coloured  by  a  ])eculiar  viscid 
secretion  of  the  larva;  the  larva  is  not  uncommon  in  i\lay,  on 
sloe  and  other  trees. 

16.  palliatella,  Ziuckcn,  g.  S.  Germ.  Mag.  i.  40  (1813);  Zell. ; 
Sta. — paUUpeaneUa,  Treit. ;  Dup.  ?  Alis  anticis  albis,  postice  venis 
obsolete  fuscis,  costa  ipsa  fusca ;  antennis  albis  fusco-annulatis,  artieuli 
basahs  pcnicillo  longo  albido.     Exp.  al.  8  lin. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  white.  Antcnnrc  white,  annulated  with  fus- 
cous, the  basal  joint  with  a  long  whitish  tui't.  Anterior  wings  white, 
with  the  veins  towards  the  apex  indlstiuctti/  fuscous,  ami  the  extreme 
costa  fuscous  ;  cilia  pale  fuscous.  Posterior  wings  fuscous,  with  paler 
cilia. 

Not  an  uncommon  species,  ajipcaring  in  June  and  .luly.  The 
larva  is  polyphagous.  ]\[r.  Bond  met  with  it  ])l(!niil'uily  on  sallow 
a  few  years  back;  the  case  somewhat  resembles  that  of  the  ))r(V 
ceding^,  but  has  in  addition  a  large  appendage  or  ihip  on  each  side, 
almost  entirely  concealing  the  actual  case;  these  ihips,  like  the 
case,  are  (according  4o  Keaumur's  observations)  entirely  formed  of 
silk. 

17.  currucipennella  (I*,  v.  P.),  Zell.  Isis,  18;j'.),  p.  Ul ;  Sta. 
Alis  anticis  nivcis,  rcuis  late  Inteis,  postice  hrunnescenlibus ;  antennis 
albis  fusco-amudatis,  artieuli  basaUs  pcnicillo  longo  oehrco.  Exp.  al. 
7  lin. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  wliitish.     Antenna:  white,  annulated  with  fus- 


310  COLEOPIIOIUD.'B. 

cons,  tlic  basal  joint  with  a  long  oclircoiis  tuft.  Anterior  wings  white, 
to'dli,  the  veins  broadlij  i/ellow'ish,  towards  the  apex  hictlulng  to  hrown ; 
costal  cilia  brown,  at  the  tips  white ;  hinder  marginal  cilia  pale  fuscous. 
Posterior  wings  fuscous,  with  paler  cilia. 

Appears  in  June  aiul  July,  but  nowliere  common.  The  larva, 
which  feeds  on  oak,  is  full-fed  in  May ;  tlie  case  is  somewhat  like 
that  of  auatipennella,  but  has  several  little  ])rojcctious  on  the 
back ;  it  lias  been  found  at  Epping  and  AVimbledon  Common. 

IS.  mveicostella  (F.  v.  R.),  Zell.  Tsis,  1839,  p.  208  ;  Sta. ;  Dap.  ? 
Alis  anticis  ochreis,  costani  versus  saturatioribus,  costa  nivca ;  anlennis 
albis,  articuh)  basali  incrassato,  nan  peiiietllafo,  ochreo.     Exp.  al.  (i^  lin. 

Head  and  face  pale  oehrcous.  Palpi  whitish.  Antenntie  7vJtite,  the 
basal  joint  thickened,  n-lfh  no  tuft,  ochreous.  Anterior  wings  ochreous, 
darker  towards  the  costa  ;  the  costa  narrowly  white  to  near  the  apex ; 
cilia  pale  ochreous.     Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Has  occurred  at  ]\Iickleham  and  at  Dartford  IJeatli,  in  June 
and  July. 

19.  discordella,  Zell.  L.  E.  iv.  301  (1849);  Sta.—ffatl/peniiis, 
Haw.  ? — r/atijjein/ella,  Step.  ?  Treit.  ?  Alis  anticis  ochris,  costam  ver- 
sus saturatioribus,  costa,  tinea  teuuissinia  plicxn,  clorsoque  mujnde  niveis  ; 
antennis  albis  fusco-annulatis,  articulo  basali  incrassato,  vix  peuicillato, 
griseo.     Exp.  al.  G  lin. 

Head  greyish-ochreous.  Pace  and  paljn  whitish.  Antenna}  white, 
annnlated  with  fuscous,  the  basal  joint  grey,  slightly  thickened,  with  a 
^^\N  i)rojecting  scales  beneath,  but  hardly  suiiicicnt  to  be  considered  a 
tuft.  Anterior  wings  oclireom,  darker  tow\nrds  the  costa,  with  the  costa 
nearly  to  the  apex  white,  and  witlt  a  very  stender  ivhite  streak  atoiuj  the 
fold  and-  the  Inner  mar(jin  narrowly  white ;  cilia  greyish-ochreous.  Pos- 
terior wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

The  perfect  insect  is  occasiouiilly  met  witli  in  June  and  July, 
and  has  occurred  in  various  localities,  but  is  nowhere  abundant. 
Mr.  Shield,  who  discovered  tlic  larva  of  this  species,  finds  tlie 
cases  abundantly  on  Lulus  eurniciitatus,  near  Dublin,  in  T\l;iy. 
The  young  larvtc  begin  feeding  in  autumn;  the  brown  case  is 
rather  curved,  almost  hooked  at  the  end,  aiul  has  a  iiounced  ap- 
pearance; the  mined  leaves  appear  very  white. 

20.  saturatella,  Sta.  Zool.  1850.  Ai)p.  xciii.  Alis  anticis  satu- 
rate brnnneo-ochreis,  costa  latins,  lineola  antjulata  interrnptaque  disci, 
linca  tenuissinia  plicic,  dorsoquc  anguste  niveis ;  antennis  albis,  artieuli 
basalis  ifrhei  peuicillo  brevi  r/riseo.     Exp.  al.  7  lin. 

Head  greyish-white.  Pace  and  palpi  white.  Antenna*  white,  the 
basal  joint  gr(;y,  ivith  a  short  yre//  lift.  Anterior  wings  daric  brownish- 
ochreons,  with  the  costa  io  near  the  aj)cx  rather  broadli/  white,  an  ex- 
tremehj  narrow  sli^/hllij  anijutdted  and  interrupted  streak  on  the  disc,  a 


COLEOPHORA.  217 

very  narrow  streak  on  tlic  fold,  and  the  inner  margin  narrowly  wliif  e ; 
cilia  at  the,  apex  dark  fuscous,  below  paler.  Posterior  wings  pale  grey, 
with  paler  cilia. 

Occasionally  met  with  amongst  brooni  in  July. 

21.  Onosmella,  Bralnu,  Scriba's  Beit.  ii.  133-110.  pi.  9.  f.  7,  8 
(1791);  Zell. ;  Sta. — striUJuouipeuneUa,  Treit.  ;  Step.;  Dup. ;  lliib. 
Tin.  209? — pennella,  W.  V.?  Alis  anticis  albis,  venis  tenuil)us  oclira- 
ceis;  antennis  albis,  subtus  fusco-puuctatis,  artieulo  basali  iiierassato, 
vix  griseo-penicillato.     Exp.  al.  9-10  liii. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  wliitisli.  Aiitcnu.T  white,  spotted  with  fuscous 
beneath,  the  basal  joint  slightly  thickened,  with  a  few  projecting  grey- 
ish scales  beneath.  Anterior  wings  white,  with  slender  ochreous  veins  ; 
cilia  greyish.     Posterior  wings  grey,  with  greyish-fuscous  cilia. 

Common  among  Ec/tium  vulgare  in  July.  The  larva  feeds  on 
that  plant  from  autumn  to  June,  in  cases  foi'med  of  pieces  of  the 
mined  leaves ;  these  cases  are  very  broad,  almost  triangular,  dirty 
grey,  and  from  the  promiuent  stiif  hairs  of  the  leaves  have  a  sin- 
gular appearance;  the  young  larv;e,  in  autumn,  mine  snllieient 
for  the  construction  of  the  case,  but  do  not  detach  it  from  the 
leaf  till  the  spring,  it  consecpiently  only  appears  as  a  })orlion  of 
withered  leaf.  The  larva  was  first  observed  by  Brahni  on  Oiio-rma 
echio'uJes ;  it  feeds  also  on  Anchusa. 

22.  therinella  (Zell),  Tengstrom,  F.  P.-F.  141.  7  (18-17) ;  Zell. ; 
Sta.     Alis  anticis  antjiistidis  albis,  veuis  dilatatis  ochrcis,  postice  con- 

JluenfiljHS,  costa  auguste  alba;  antennis  albidis  fuscescentc-annulatis, 
artieulo  basali  incrassato,  non  pcnicillato.     Exp.  al.  7  lin. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  pale  ochreous.  Autennaj  whitish,  annulated 
with  pale  fuscous,  the  basal  joint  slightly  thickened,  not  tufted.  An- 
terior wings  narrow,  white,  unspotted,  with  the  veins  rather  broadly 
ochreous,  posteriorly  conlluent ;  the  costa  is  narrowly  white  to  near 
the  apex;  cilia  ochreous.     Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Appears  in  June  and  July  in  grassy  places,  but  hitherto  very 
scarce;  I  only  know  of  two  specimens  which  1  can  unhesitatingly 
refer  to  this  species,  of  which  one  is  in  Mr.  AVilkinson's  collec- 
tion, and  the  other  in  my  own. 

23.  troglodytella,  Zell.  L.  E.  iv.  323  (181-9);  Sta.;  Dup.?-- 

Yar.  ?  Imdfe,  Dougl. ;  Sta.  Alis  anticis  hitiiiHcnlis  argcntco-alhh,  venis  m»  "^ 
distindis  ochreis  ;  antennis  albis  fusco-aunulatis,  artieulo  basali  incras-  "  — 
sato,  non  pcnicillato.     Exp.  al.  7  lin.  1^ 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  ochreous-whitc.  Anteuna^  white,  ainndated 
with  fuscous,  the  basal  joint  slightly  thickened,  not  tufted.  Anterior 
wings  rather  broad,  silver^  ichitc,  unspotted,  with  the  veins  I)right 
ochreous;  the  costa  is  narrowly  white  to  near  the  apex  ;  cilia  greyish- 
ochrcous.     Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

VOL.   III.  2    F 


a' 


t. 


218  COLEOPHORIDiE. 

Not  commonly  met  with  in  the  perfect  state,  appearing  in  June 
and  July  amongst  Eiipator'ium  cannalinmii  and  Inula  dysenteric  a, 
on  the  leaves  of  which  plants  the  larva  feeds  in  May,  in  a  long, 
nearly  straight,  cylindrical  case  of  a  uniform  dirty-ochreous  colour, 
except  a  brown  ])atch  on  the  basal  half  of  the  back.  The  speci- 
mens Mr,  Douglas  bred  from  the  Inula  have  narrower  anterior 
wings  than  the  typical  insect,  which  I  have  bred  both  from  Inula 
and  Euj)alorinm,  and  the  cases,  though  similar  in  form  and  colour, 
were  much  smaller;  it  is  possible  it  may  yet  prove  a  distinct 
species. 

24.  lineolea,  Haw.  L.  B.  534  (1829) ;  Step. ;  Sta. — crocogrammos, 
M)  "TTT-          Zell.     Alls  anticis  lat'msculis  albis,  veuis  dilatatis  ochreis,  postice  cou- 

—  '  fluentibus,  costa  late  usque  medium  alba;  alls  posticis  griseis,  ciliis 
5-b  oclireo-gxheh ;    antennis   albis  totis,  vel  fuscesceuti-ainiulatis,  articulo 

basaU  hicrassato,  iion  pcnicillato.     Exp.  al.  6.V  liu. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  pale  ochreous.  Antenna)  white,  unannulated 
or  annulatcd  with  pale  fuscous,  the  basal  joint  sliglitly  thickened,  not 
tufted.  Anterior  wings  rather  broad,  white,  with  the  veins  pale  ochre- 
ous, posteriorly  confluent ;  the  costa  is  broadly  white  nearly  to  the 
middle  ;  cilia  grcyish-ochrcous.  Posterior  wings  grey,  with  ocltrcous- 
grey  ciha. 

Common  in  June  and  July  among  Stachys  sylvalica  and  Bal- 
lota  nigra,  on  which  plants  the  larva  may  be  found  from  March 
to  May.  It  feeds  on  the  leaves;  the  places  mined  by  it  are  of  a 
pale  brown  colour ;  the  case  is  rather  flat,  angulated  at  each  side, 
and  is  extremely  hairy. 

25.  murinipennella  (F.  v.  E.),  Zell.  L.  E.  iv.  334  (1849);  Sta. 
— leucapennh,  Haw.? — leucapenndlu.  Step.?  Alis  anticis  aiigiiafis  albidis, 
venis  dilatatis  griseo-oclireis,  postice  contluentibus  ;  antennis  albis,  fusco- 
annulatis,  articulo  basali  vix  incrassato  albido,  non  peuicUlato.  Exp. 
al.  6  lin. 

Head,  face,  and  pali)i  grcyish-ochrcous.  Antennre  white,  annnlated 
with  fuscous,  the  basal  joint  whitisli,  scarcely  thickened  and  not  tuftetl. 
Anterior  wings  narrow,  white,  witJt.  the  veins  rather  broadly  grcyish- 
ochreoiis,  posteriorly  contluent,  and,  in  the  male  especially,  much  con- 
cealing the  ground-colour;  cilia  pale  grcyish-ochrcous.  Posterior 
wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Common  in  ilowery  meadows  in  May  and  June. 

20.  csespititiella,  Zell.  Isis,  1839,  p.  208;  Sta.— Yni:?  alt icolel la, 
Zell.  ;  Sta, — Var.  ?  laciniicolella,  ZcU. ;  Sta.  Alis  anticis  aiigiistis  acutis 
nitidis,  griseo-ochreis,  vcl  grisco-luteis,  costa  anguste  alba  ;  aiiteiuiis  albis 
fusco-annulatis,  articulo  basali  fusccsccntc  paruni  incrassato,  non  peiii- 
cillato.     Exp.  al.  5,^  lin. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  greyish-ochreous.     Autenmc  white,  auuulated 


COLEOPIIORA,  219 

with  fuscous  to  near  the  apex,  the  l)as;il  joint  pale  fuscous,  slightly 
fliickenetl,  not  tufted.  Anterior  wings  narrow,  acute,  shbi'uig,  (jrt'iji^h- 
ochrt'ous  or  greyish-yellow,  with  the  costa  narrowly  white  to  near  the 
apex,  where  it  is  lost  in  the  whitish-oehreous  cilia.  Posterior  wings 
grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Specimens  in  which  the  eosta  of  the  anterior  wings  is  only  paler,  and 
not  distinctly  white,  have  been  reputed  distinct  species,  but  1  fancy  im- 
properly. 

Very  common  amongst  ruslies  iu  June.  The  larva  feeds  from 
Se})tembcr  to  ]\lay  on  the  seeds  of  the  rush,  frequently  completely 
quitting  its  small  whitish  case  to  burrow  into  the  seeds. 

27.  annulatella  (Xylander),  Tengstriun,  F.  F.-F.  U3.  12  (IS  17) ; 
Zell. ;  Sta. — vediauella ,  Lin.  ?  Fab.  ?  Alis  anticis  acuminatis,  griseo- 
ochreis,  inter  venas  sqiianiis  )iif/ris  allj'isqne  sparsis,  costa  anguste  alljida ; 
antennis  aWns  fiisco-aituulatis,  articulo  basali  fuscescente,  non  penicillato. 
Exp.  al.  7  lin. 

Head  and  face  greyish-ochreous.  Palpi  white.  Antennae  white,  nu- 
milated  icitJt  fifscom,  the  basal  joint  pale  fuscous,  not  tufted.  Anterior 
wings  acuminate,  greyish-ochreous,  or  dark  greyish-oclu'cous,  with  some 
scattered  lAack  and  ichlte  scales  beticeen  the  veins  ;  the  costa  is  narrowly 
dirty-white  to  beyond  the  middle ;  cilia  greyish-ochreous.  Posterior 
wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Yery  common  in  July  and  August  among  Chenopodlum  and 
Atriplcx ;  the  larva  feeds  in  the  autumn  on  the  seeds  of  those 
plants  in  a  ratlier  short  whitish-grey  silken  case,  externally  covered 
with  grains  of  sand. 

This  species,  like  many  of  its  congeners,  is  extremely  variable, 
and  I  strongly  suspect  that  Flavaijinella,  Licnig  (Zell.  L.  K.  iv. 
353),  is  only  one  of  the  phases  of  it. 

28.  argentula,  Zell.  T;.  F.  iv.  3G8  (181-9) ;  Sta.;  Step.  ?— o//f/j- 
pennetla,  lliii).  Tin.  l-.'jo  ?  Dup.  ?  Alis  anticis  taiinscutis,  albis,  venis 
dilatatis  ochreis,  i)iterstitiis  attjis  parce  fasco-squamatis ;  antennis  albis 
fusco-annulatis,  articulo  basali  incrassato  albido,  non  penicillato.  I'Ap. 
al.  0  lin. 

Head  and  face  pale  greyish-oehroous.  Palpi  whitish.  Antenna) 
white,  aimulated  with  fuscous,  the  l)asal  joint  somewhat  thickened, 
whitish,  not  tufted.  Anterior  wings  rather  broad,  white,  with  the  veins 
broadly  ochrcous ;  in  the  intervening  white  spaces  are  a  few  sratlm-ed 
dark  fuscous  scales;  the  costa  is  narrowly  white  to  beyond  the  miihlle ; 
cilia  greyish-ochreous.      Posterior  whigs  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Not  common  ;  occurs  amongst  yarrow  [Achillea  Mlllefoliu ui) 
in  July.  The  larva  feeds  in  the  autumn  on  the  se(>ds  of  the 
yarrow  in  a  ratlier  short  whitish  case;  it  remains  in  Ihe  larva 
state  throughout  the  winter  and  spring. 


220  COLEOPHORID.E. 

29.  hemerobiella,  Scop.  F.  C.  252.  650  (1763);  Schr. ;  Zell. ; 
F.  V.  11.  pi.  09.  pi.  70.  f.  l.—ansenpenneUa,  lliib.  Tin.  319;  Treit. ; 
Step. ;  Diip.  Alls  anticis  albis  fusco-irroratis,  piuicto  postieo  fusco ; 
anteiinis  albidis  nigro-aniuilatis,  articulo  basali  griseo-fusco  iion  peni- 
cillato.     Exp.  al.  8  lin. 

Head  pale  grey.  Face  and  palpi  dark  grey.  Antennae  wliitisli, 
annnlated  with  dark  fuscous ;  the  basal  joint  greyish-fuscous,  slightly 
thickened,  not  tufted.  Anterior  wings  white,  with  numerous  scattered 
fuscous  scales,  and  with  a  more  conspicuous  fuscous  spot  above  the 
anal  angle ;  cilia  greyish-fuscous.  Posterior  wings  fuscous,  with  paler 
cilia. 

Appears  in  orchards  in  July ;  occui's  at  Putney  and  Hammer- 
smitli  plentifully  in  the  larva  state.  The  larva  has  a  large,  nearly 
straight,  cylindrical,  dark  brown  case ;  it  feeds  on  the  pear,  plum, 
and  cherry  in  jMay. 

30.  juncicolella,  Sta.  Sup.  Cat.  p.  7  (1851).  Alis  anticis  oclireo- 
griseis,  unicoloribus ;  antennis  fuscis,  articulo  basali  vix  incrassato, 
non  penicillato.     Exp.  al.  3i  lin. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  ochreous-grey.  Antennre  nnanunJcded,  dark 
fuscous;  the  basal  joint  slightly  thickened,  not  tufted.  Anterior  wings 
ockreons-grcy,  with  paler  cilia.  Posterior  wings  grey,  the  apex  ex- 
tremely pointed,  with  pale  grey  cilia. 

Has  occurred  in  July  among  rushes  at  Kilmun  and  near  Folk- 
stone;  in  Mr.  Douglas's  collection  and  in  my  own. 

31.  Laricella,  Hiib.  Tin.  427  (1810);  Dup.;  Zcll. ;  Stn.—Iari- 
cinella,  Piatz. — argyropennella,  Treit.  Alis  anticis  ///sco-griseis  unico- 
loribus ;  antennis  i^  fuscis,  $  albidis  fusco-annulatis,  articulo  basali 
vix  incrassato,  fusco,  non  penicillato.     Exp.  al.  4-5  lin. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  shining  grey.  Autcunai  of  the  $  fuscous,  of 
the  $  whitish,  ainiulated  with  fuscous ;  the  basal  joint  slightly  thick- 
ened, fuscous,  not  tufted.  Anterior  wings  greyishy««co««,  with  paler 
cilia.     Posterior  wings  p;de  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

(Jommon  among  larches  in  June ;  the  larva  has  a  short,  dirty- 
white  case,  and  feeds  on  the  leaves  of  the  larch  in  autumn  and 
spring. 

32.  albitarsella,  Zcll.  L.  E.  iv.  378  (1849);  Sta.;  Dougl.  Ent. 
Trans,  ii.  u.  s.  79.  pi.  xi.  f.  1. — nionacella,  Schr.?  Alis  anticis  nitidis 
vioJaceo-w^n^;  antennis  albis  nigro-annulatis,  basim  versus  violacco- 
nigris,  apicc  longe  albo,  articulo  basali  parum  incrassato,  pcnicillo 
brcvi ;  pcdii)us  griseis,  tarsis  albis.     Exp.  al.  5-G  lin. 

Head  violet-black.  Face  and  palpi  silvery-grey.  Antcnu;e  with 
the  slightly  enlarged  basal  joint  and  several  of  the  succeeding  joints 
violet-grey,  then  white,  annnlated  with  black ;  the  apex  entirely  white. 
Anterior  wings  shining  viohi-hlviok,  with  paler  cilia.  Posterior  wings 
grey,  with  paler  cilia.     Legs  shining  grey ;  the  tarsi  tvkite. 


COLEOPIIORA.  221 

Appears  in  Juno  and  July  among  ground-ivy  [Glechoma  hedc- 
racea),  but  rarely  met  with  in  the  perfect  state.  Tlie  larva  feeds 
from  jN'oveinber  to  April  on  the  leaves  of  the  ground-ivy^  hut 
only  on  such  plants  as  grow  comphHely  in  the  shelter  of  a  hedge ; 
the  mined  places  arc  at  first  whitish,  but  afterwards  become  of  a 
pale  dirty-brown;  the  case  is  rather  long,  slightly  curved,  dark 
brown.     The  larva  also  (according  to  Bruand)  feeds  on  Onganum. 

33.  nigricella,  Step.;  Sta. — Iiischiirfjm/ueUrrj'Bouchv. — coracipen- 
nella,ZQ\\.;  Iliib.  ?  Dup.  ?  Step.  ?—5mY//t'//r/,  Lin.  ?—5;)/«e//ff,  Schr.  ? 
Alis  anticis  hisco-fiit/ris,  nnicoloribus ;  antennis  albis  fusco-ammlatis, 
articulo  basali  incrassato  fusco-griseo,  iion  penicillato.     Exp.  al.  5  lin. 

Head  and  face  greyish-brown.  Palpi  paler.  Antennte  white,  annulatcd 
with  dark  fuscous ;  the  basal  joint  slightly  thickened,  greyish-brown, 
not  tufted.  Anterior  wings  uuicolorous,  fuscous-(5'/«c/(-,  witli  paler  ciha. 
Posterior  wings  dark  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Abundant  among  hawthorn  in  June  and  July.  The  larva  feeds 
on  the  leaves  of  the  hawthorn,  apple,  pear,  and  sloe  in  May,  in 
nearly  straight  cylindrical  brown-black  cases;  the  case  of  the 
young  larva,  which  commences  feeding  in  antumn,  is  curved, 
somewhat  like  a  cornucopia.  A  larva  probably  also  referable  to 
this  species  feeds  in  May  on  the  leaves  of  the  birch. 

3i.  fusee dinella,  Zcll.  S.  E.  iv.  383  (IStO);  Stn.—okscm-ea, 
Haw.? — ohscurellu.  Step.?  Alis  anticis  fusco-griseisuuicoloribus  ;  an- 
tennis albidis,  fusco-annulatis,  apice  albido,  articulo  basali  incrassato 
fusco,  non  penicillato.     Exp.  al.  6  lin. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  brownish-grey.  Antenna;  whitish,  annulated 
with  fuscous,  more  faintly  so  towards  the  apex ;  the  basal  joint  slightly 
thickened,  fuscous,  not  tufted.  Anterior  wings  uuicolorous  fuscous, 
more  or  less  tinted  with  grey,  with  paler  cilia.  Posterior  wings  fus- 
cous, with  paler  cilia. 

Abundant  among  elms  and  alders  in  July.  The  larva  feeds  in 
May  and  June  on  the  leaves  of  those  trees  in  a  brown  case,  rather 
stouter  than  that  of  niyricellu ;  the  young  larva  has  a  curved 
case. 

It  is  of  the  larva  of  this  species  that  ]\Ir.  Spencc  has  described 
the  operations,  from  his  own  observations,  on  some  larvai  upon 
the  alders  in  the  Hull  15otanic  Garden  (Kirby  and  Spencc,  Lth 
edit.  vol.  i.  p.  4.^9).  Larvre  probably  referable  to  this  species 
feed  on  the  luit  and  hornbeam. 

3.5.  orbitella,  Zell.  L.  E.  iv.  38.5  (1849);  Sta.  Alis  anticis  ni- 
tidis  griseo-fuscis  unicoloribus ;  antennis  niveis  fusco-annulatis,  apice 
albo,  articulo  basali  r/raciUore,  grisco-fusco,  non  penicillato.  Exp.  al. 
G  lin. 

Head    and     face   grcyisii-brown.      Palpi    paler.      .Vntcnua>  siiuwy- 


222  COLEOPHORID^. 

white,  annulated  with  dark  fuscous ;  the  apex  white ;  the  rather 
slender  basal  joint  is  greyish-fuscous,  not  tufted.  Anterior  wings  sliin- 
ii/ff  greyish-fuseous,  with  paler  cilia.  Posterior  wings  grey,  witli  paler 
cilia. 

I  have  four  specimens,  taken  at  West  AA^ickham,  at  Lewisham, 
and  in  the  Isle  of  Arran,  in  June  and  July. 

36.  gryphipennella,  Bouche,  Naturgeschichte,  131  (1831). — 
rliodoplifujeUa,  KoU. — iHncinlcppennella,  Zell. ;  Sta.  Alls  anticis  lalius- 
cnlis,  ochreo-griseis  (  $  fere  ochreis) ;  antennis  Jiiveis  nigro-anuHlafis, 
articulo  basali  graciliore,  ochreo-griseo,  non  penicillato.    Exp.  al.  6  lin. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  greyish-ochreous.  Antenna;  suowy-wli'de, 
annulated  with  black;  the  slender  hasal  joint  greyish-ochreous,  not 
tufted.  Anterior  wings  rather  Jjroad,  greyish-ochrecnis  (the  latter  colour 
prevailing  in  the  $  ) ;  the  cilia  unicolorous  with  the  wing.  Posterior 
wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Common  among  roses  in  June.  The  Lu-va  feeds  in  April  and 
IMay  on  the  leaves  of  the  rose,  and  is  sometimes  so  numerous  as 
to  be  rather  a  pest  in  gardens,  disfiguring  the  plants,  from  the 
bleached  appearance  of  the  mined  leaves ;  the  case  is  dirty  grey- 
ish-ochreous, slightly  curved,  strongly  serrated  on  the  back;  the 
young  larva  commences  feeding  in  the  autumn,  but  attaches  itself 
to  the  stem  on  the  fall  of  the  leaves,  remaining  inactive  till  the 
spring. 

As  this  species  is  one  easily  to  be  met  with,  and  being  a  garden 
insect  more  exposed  to  observation  than  many  others,  I  proceed 
to  give  a  description  of  the  mode  of  operating  of  the  larva,  which 
lias  been  drawn  up  by  Mr.  Shield.  "  The  larva,  immediately  on 
its  exclusion  from  the  egg,  begins  at  one  and  the  same  time  to 
feed  and  to  construct  its  case ;  for  this  purpose  it  commences  to 
gnaw  at  the  side  of  tlie  midrib  so  as  to  effect  an  entrance  between 
the  skins  of  the  leaf,  having  done  which  it  proceeds  to  devour  the 
inner  substance  of  the  leaf,  thus  clearing  out  a  space  for  its  body  : 
when  it  has  arrived  at  the  edge  of  the  leaf,  or  at  the  point  which 
it  intends  should  be  the  top  of  its  case,  it  turns  round  and  re- 
traces its  steps,  cutting  off  in  its  progress  the  mined  portion  of 
the  leaf,  and  j(jining  the  edges  together  and  at  the  same  time 
slightly  curving  the  skins  so  as  to  ailbrd  it  a  more  spacious  habi- 
tation; having  arrived  at  the  spot  where  it  originally  entered  the 
leaf,  its  case  is  perfectly  detached,  and  it  either  mounts  on  to  the 
leaf  or  descends  by  its  silken  thread  to  another.  When  its  case 
has  become  too  small  for  it,  it  attaches  itself  to  the  side  of  the 
niidrib  of  some  leaf  and  proceeds  to  operate  as  in  the  previous  in- 
stance, leaving  the  old  case  attached  to  the  leaf  and  walking  away 
with  the  new  one."    It  takes  the  precaution  to  make  its  new  case 


COLEOPIIORA.  223 

nincli  larger  tlian  it  a})])cnrs  to  have  any  occasion  for,  which  is  to 
allow  for  the  growth  of  the  larva;  a  new-made  case  is  extremely 
transparent,  but  tlie  larva  soon  sets  to  work  to  line  it  with  silk, 
being  aware  that  it  would  stand  small  chance  of  escaping  the 
numerous  and  ubiquitous  Ichneumons  if  it  lived  in  a  glass 
house. 

37.  viminetella  (v.  TIeydcn),  ZcU.  L.  E.  iv.  393.  Anm.  i.  (lSt9) ; 
Sta. — lit-'n-inia'j)e>nu'll(i,'Yxc\i.'^  Dup.  ?  Alls  anticis  aiigmtuUs  ochrco- 
griseis,  apiceiu  versus  pauUulum  saturation  bus ;  anteiuiis  albis,  i'usco- 
anuulatis,  avticulo  basali  grisco-oclivco,  non  penioillato.     Exp.  al.  G  lin. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  greyish-ochreous.  Antennaj  white,  annnlatcd 
with  fuscous ;  the  basal  joint  greyish-ochreous,  not  tufted.  Anterior 
wings  rathe)-  narrow  (very  variable  in  colonr),  generally  greyish-ochre- 
ous, slightly  darker  towards  the  apex.  Posterior  wings  grey,  with 
paler  cilia. 

jN'ot  uncommon  among  sallows  and  osiers  in  Jime  and  July. 
The  larva  feeds  in  autumn  and  spring  on  the  leaves  of  those 
plants;  its  case  is  very  peculiar,  being  nunlc  of  pieces  of  leaf 
added  at  different  times;  it  is  not  uniform  in  colour  or  size, 
being  generally  darkest  towards  the  top,  and  of  course  broadest 
towards  the  bottom.  The  perfect  insect  can  sometimes  hardly  be 
distinguished  from  the  allied  species ;  a  fact  which  ought  to  make 
us  extremely  cautious  in  concluding  that  because  we  can  see  no 
distinction  between  species,  they  are  therefore  identical ;  not  till 
the  entire  habits  and  history  of  the  different  specimens  are  known 
can  we  pronounce  decidedly  that  they  are  not  distinct. 

38.  olivaceella,  u.  sp.  Alis  anticis  o/iw/ceo-griscis,  dorsum  ver- 
sus satnratioribus ;  antennis  albis  fusco-anuulatis,  articulo  basali  gra- 
ciliore  olivacco-grisco,  non  penicillato.     Exp.  al.  G  lin. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  olive-grey.  Antenna)  white,  aunulated  with 
fuscous  ;  the  annulations  hardly  perceptible  before  the  apex  ;  the  basal 
joint  ratlicr  slciuler,  olive-grey,  not  tufted.  Anterior  wings  oZ/rogrey, 
inclining  to  dark  grey  along  the  inner  margin;  cilia  pule  olive-grey. 
Posterior  wings  dark  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Two  specimens  taken  by  IMr.  AUis,  of  which  one  is  in  my  own 
collection. 

39.  solitariella,  Zell.  L.  E.  iv.  397  (1S49) ;  Sta.;  Dougl.  Ent. 
Trans,  ii.  n.  s.  81.  pi.  xi.  f.  3.  Alis  m\\\c\?,a)igmtnlh,  ochreo-Jlavis,  ni- 
tidis ;  ciiiis  apicis  ochrco-flavis,  mif/uU  analis  saturate  griscis ;  antennis 
niveis,  uigro-annulatis,  articulo  basali  ochreo-llavo  non  penicillato. 
Exp.  al.  5.1  lin. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  ochreous-yellow.  Antenna?  snowy-white, 
aunulated  whh  black  ;  the  basal  joint  oehrcous-yellow,  not  tufted. 
Anterior  wings  rather  narrow,  shinint/,  ochreous-yeltow ;  the  cilia  at  the 


224  ELACHISTID.E. 

apex  of  the  same  colour,  at  the  anal  angle  dark  grey,     rostcrior  wings 
dark  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Not  rare  among  Stellaria  holosfea  ;  appears  in  July,  but  seldom 
met  with  in  the  perfect  state ;  the  larva  feeds  on  the  leaves  of  the 
Stellaria  Iwlostca,  from  November  to  June,  in  a  whitish  cylindri- 
cal case,  with  a  darker  patch  on  the  back. 

40.  lutipennella,  ZcU.  Isis,  1838,  p.  713  ;  Dup.? — hdarea,  Sta.; 
Haw.  ?  Step.  ? — ochrolencL'Ua,  Step.  ?  Alis  auticis  ochreo-Havis,  grosse 
squainatis ;  Ci7«s  apicis  ochreo-ilavis,  fn/^^/^^Zi  anal/s  dilntioribns ;  aiiten- 
iiis  albidis,  nigro-aanulatis,  articulo  basali  ochreo-flavo,  uou  penicillato. 
Exp.  al.  G  liii. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  ochreous-yellow.  Antenna;  whitish,  annulated 
with  dark  fuscous  or  black ;  the  basal  joint  pale  ochreous-yellow,  not 
tufted.  Anterior  wings  coarsely  scaled,  oclireons-yellow ;  cilia  at  the 
apex  ochreous-yellow,  paler  at  the  anal  angle.  Posterior  wings  pale 
grey,  with  ochreous-grey  cilia. 

Common  among  oaks  in  June  and  July.  The  larva  feeds  in 
May  on  the  leaves  of  the  oak  (and  also  on  the  birch),  in  a  straight, 
nearly  cylindrical,  yellowish-brown  case. 

41.  badiipennella  (F.  v.  R.),  Zcll.  L.  E.  iv.  401  (1849);  Sta. 
Alis  auticis  S(fturale  ochreo-griseis,  costn  angvste  alblda,  postice  ochrea ; 
antenuis  albis  fusco-annulatis,  articulo  basali  robusto  ochreo-griseo, 
non  penicillato.     Exp.  al.  4^  liu. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  pale  greyish-ochreous.  Antennai  white,  an- 
nulated with  fuscous ;  the  rather  short  basal  joiut  greyish-ochreous, 
not  tufted.  Anterior  wings  dark  greyish-ochreous,  the  casta  narrowly 
whitish  to  near  the  apex,  where  it  runs  into  the  ochreous  cilia;  cilia  of 
the  hinder  margin  grey.     Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Not  uncommon  among  elms  and  ash-trees  in  June  and  July. 
The  larva-case  is  rather  short,  cylindrical,  dark  brown,  with  the 
mouth  turned  round  nearly  at  right  angles,  Mr.  Preston  once 
found  one  of  the  larvec  feeding  on  an  ash-leaf  early  in  May. 


Family  X.     ELACIIISTID^. 

CapilU  IcP-vigali.  Palpi  labiales  tenues,  fdiformes,  acuminati.  Aire  au- 
tcriores  oblongic,  vel  clongatue ;  posteriores  lanccolatie  vel  lineari- 
lanceolaldP. 

Head  smooth  (at  least  as  the  rule,  Bedellia  and  Tischeria  are  excep- 
tions). Labial  palpi  slender,  filiform,  mostly  recurved  aiul  pointed. 
Anterior  wings  oblong  or  elongate;  the  posterior  wings  lanceolate  or 
Unear-luuceolate. 


ELACIIISTTD.i:.  235 

Tlie  position  of  the  porfi^ct  insects  in  repose  is  also  ratlicr  clia- 
racteristicj  for  in  most  of  the  genera  they  sit  cU)sely  appi'esscd  (o 
the  surface  on  which  they  rest. 

The  individuals  of  many  of  the  species  in  this  family  are  ex- 
tremely uumerous,  making  u])  for  their  small  size  by  their  greater 
numbers ;  some  are  rather  gaily  coloured,  but  the  greater  propor- 
tion arc  variously  shaded  witli  gn^y  or  black,  varied  with  white  or 
whitish;  in  a  few  the  markings  are  metallic.  The  perfect  insects 
mostly  fly  at  dusk,  some  may  be  met  with  Hying  in  little  swarms 
in  the  afternoon;  a  few  are  of  retired  iiabits  and  rarely  seen  on 
the  wing.  The  larvjie  arc  most  fre([nentiy  h^af-miners,  some  few 
are  however  external  feeders.  They  have  sixteen  feet,  though  in 
Tisckeria  tlie  development  both  of  the  legs  and  prolegs  is  ven/ 
sligld.  The  pupa  is  sometimes  enclosed  in  a  iirin  cocoon,  some- 
times in  one  of  open  network,  bnt  not  unfrequently  the  pupa  is 
naked,  affixed  by  the  caudal  extremit}',  Avith  a  belt  of  silk  round 
the  middle,  like  some  of  the  11uopat,oci;ua;  and  in  BalcUia  the 
similarity  is  still  more  striking,  the  pupa  being  angulated,  and  like 
that  of  a  Pieris  in  miniature. 

The  genera  of  this   family  represented   here   are   fourteen  in 
number,  and  may  be  tabulated  in  the  following  way  : — 
a.  Posterior  wings  extremely  narrow,  almost  sctiform. 
b.  Head  rough.     1.  Uedellia. 
b  b.  Head  smooth. 

c.  Antennaj  witli  long  slender  hairs.     2.  STATn:\ioi>oi")A. 
c  c.  Antenufe  naked. 

d.  Basal  joint  of  the  antenna;  long.     .'3.  Cosmoptkrvx. 
d  d.  Basal  joint  of  the  antenncC  short,      k  Batuacueura. 
a  a.  Posterior  wings  lanceolate  or  linear-lanceolate. 
e.  Head  rough  in  front.     5.  Oinopuila. 
c  e.  Head  smooth. 
/.  Anterior  wings  with  projecting  tufts  of  scales  I'roni  the  inner 

margin.     0.  Chauliodus. 
//.  Anterior  wings  with  no  ])rojccting  tufts  from  the  inner  margin. 
g.  Anterior  wings  with  raised  tufts  on  the  disc. 
h.  The  tufts  not  metallic.     7.  Laveuna. 
h  h.  The  tufts  metallic.     8.  CuRYsocLrsTA. 
g  (J.  Anterior  wings  smooth,  not  rcitusc   below   the  apex,  nor 
posteriorly  npiiearing  from  the  cilia  broader. 
/.  ]>al)ial  palpi  short  and  thick.      1).  Hklkjuinhs. 
i  i.  Labial  palpi  slender,  of  moderates  length. 
Z-.  Antenna;  rather  thick.      10.  AxviiiA. 
k  k.  Antenna;  slender.      1  1.  Asvcuna. 
0  (J  (]■  Anterior  wings  smooth,  the  eosta  slightly  retuse.     12. 
Chrysocorys. 

vol.    III.  2    G 


226  ELACHISTID^. 

g  g  0  g.  Anterior  wings  smootli,  posteriorly  appearing  from  the 
cilia  broader.     13,  Elaciiista. 
e  e  e.  Head  rouerh  behind.     14.  Tisciieeia. 


Genus  I.     BEDELLIA. 


m\\.^j"' 


Bedellia,  Sta.  Cat.  p.  23  (1849). 

CapUli  siiperne  ac  in  fronte  Jdrsutl,  epistomio  Ipevigato.  Ocelli  nulli. 
Palpi  labiales  breviusciili,  subporrccti,  acuminati.  Haustelluni  nu- 
dum. Antennae  alas  anteriores  longitudine  a^quantes,  tciuies,  ar- 
ticulo  basali  elongate,  crassiusculo.  Aki;  longc  ciliatic,  anteriores 
angustac,  posterio7-es  angnstissbna ;  anteriores  :  cellula  discoidalis 
acuminata,  venas  duas  in  costam,  venam  apicalem  fureatam  (cujus 
ramus  inferior  trifidus),  venam  unieam  in  marginem  posticum 
mittit ;  subdorsalis  apex  obsoletus  ;  posteriores  :  vense  subcostalis  et 
subdorsalis  distinctse,  reliquiB  obsoletse. 

Head  above  and  in  front  hairy ;  the  face  smooth.  Ocelli  none. 
Labial  palpi  rather  short,  almost  porrected,  pointed.  Tongue  naked. 
Antennas  as  long  as  the  anterior  wings,  slender,  the  basal  joint  elongate 
and  rather  thickened.  Wings  with  long  cilia,  the  anterior  narrow,  the 
posterior  exlremdy  narrow.  In  the  anterior  wings  the  acuminate  dis- 
coidal  cell  emits  two  veins  to  the  costa,  a  furcate  apical  vein  (of  which 
the  lower  branch  is  trifid)  and  a  single  vein  into  the  hinder  margin ; 
the  apex  of  the  subdorsal  vein  is  obsolete.  In  the  posterior  wings 
the  subcostal  and  subdorsal  veins  are  distinct,  the  remainder  are  ob- 
solete. 

Only  one  species  is  known  in  this  genus,  which,  though  of 
recent  discovery,  is  already  ascertained  to  occur  in  Sicily,  in  Aus- 
tria, and  in  the  south  of  England.  The  perfect  insect  reposes 
with  its  fore  legs  drawn  in  beneath  it,  and  its  head  but  slightly 
elevated  from  the  surface  on  which  it  rests.  There  are  two  broods 
in  the  year,  one  in  August  and  the  other  in  October ;  the  latter 
brood  probably  hybernates,  as  Professor  Zcller  met  with  the  insect 
in  the  spring.  The  larva  is  extremely  beautiful,  and  in  motion 
reminds  one  of  a  half-loopcr  Nociu'ina  larva ;  it  mines  in  the 
leaves  of  Convolindus  arvensis  (sometimes,  but  very  rarely,  in  C. 
Sepium),  frequenting  only  those  plants  which  grow  completely  in 
the  shelter  of  hedges ;  it  makes  large  whiiy-brown  blotches  in  the 
leaves,  and  is  extremely  careful  to  make  its  excrement  outside  its 
mine,  for  this  purpose  retreating  to  the  opening  in  the  leaf,  and 
cxserting  its  anal  extremity.  The  naked  angulaied  pupa  is  sus- 
pended at  the  junction  of  two  or  three  cross  silken  threads,  or 
suspended  by  threads  fastened  to  the  two  extremities. 

1.  somnulentella,  Zcll.  Isis,  1847.  p.  894;  Dougl.  Eut.  Trans. 


STATIIMOPODA.  227 

ii.  n.  s.  208.  pi.  xvii.  f.  1. — OrpJicella,  Sta.  Alls  anticis  obscure 
oolircis,  fusco-iiToratis,  tlorso  ililutiore.     Exp.  al.  4^  lin. 

IFcatl  grcYisli-ochrooiis.  Face  dark  fuscous.  Palpi  fuscous,  termi- 
nal joiut  dirty  oclireous.  Antenna!  dark  fuscous.  Anterior  \vini,'s 
dirty  oclireous,  coarsely  irroratcd  with  fuscous,  palest  along  the  inner 
margin  ;  cilia  pale  grey.     Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Appears  in  August  and  October  among  Convolvulus  arvensis, 
but  so  retired  iu  habit  that  it  is  rarely  seen.  The  larva  mines  the 
leaves  of  the  C.  arrensis  in  tlie  beginning  of  August  and  middle 
of  September;  sometimes  it  is  very  plentiful. 


Genus  11.     STATHMOPODA.r..  ^'^^  '  "^ 

Stathmopoda,  Zell.  (in  litt.)  Comnopteryx  p.,  Iliib. ;  Zell.  Isis, 
1839;  Dup.  Cat.     ElacJuda  p.,  l)u[).  L.  F.  xi. 

Capilli  laevigati,  frons  obtusa.  Antenme  corporis  longitudine,  sctacea), 
articulis  elongatis,  ^  tenernme  huge  pilosa;.  Palpi  labiales  longius- 
cnli,  Lfves,  tenues,  recurvi,  acuti,  articulo  sccundo  compresso. 
llaustellura  breve,  squamatuni.  Tibi;u  postic;t;  pUia  incrasmtcP, 
longe  spinosai.  Aire  longissinie  eiliata\  anteriores  angustre,  jjos- 
teriores  angustissima; ;  anteriores  :  cellula  discoidalis  elongata,  postice 
non  elausa  ;  rami  c|uatuor  postremi  basi  libera;  vena3  medians  rami 
tres  clongati ;  submiHliana  ))Ostice  incrassata ;  subdorsalis  simplex ; 
postcriores :  vena  costalis  (?)  fureata,  ramo  altero  iu  costara,  altcro 
in  margiuem  posticum  exeunte  ;  mediana  ramos  (juatuor  in  marginem 
posticum  emittit. 

Head  smooth,  the  forehead  obtuse.  Antenna?  as  long  as  the  body, 
setaceous,  with  elongate  joints,  in  the  (J  with  very  iJd'icate  long  hairs. 
l^abial  palpi  rather  long,  smooth,  slender,  recurved,  acute,  the  second 
joint  compressed.  Tongue  short,  clothed  with  scales.  The  hinder 
tibia)  thickened  with  hairs,  with  long  spines.  Wings  with  very  long 
cilia,  the  anterior  narrow,  the  posterior  extremely  narrow.  In  the  an- 
terior wings  the  elongate  diseoidal  cell  is  not  closed  posteriorly ;  the 
four  last  branches  have  the  base  free ;  three  elongate  branches  proceed 
from  the  median  vein  ;  the  submedian  vein  is  posteriorly  thickened ;  the 
sidjdorsal  vein  is  simple.  In  the  posterior  wings  the  costal  (?)  vein 
is  furcate,  one  branch  running  into  the  costa,  and  the  other  into  the 
hinder  margin  ;  the  median  vein  emits  four  branches  to  the  hinder 
margin. 

Oidy  one  species  is  at  present  known  in  this  genus;  it  has 
long  been  known  abroad  (though  in  this  country  very  rare),  yet 
its  preparatory  states  still  arc  unascerlaincd;  the  Linnean  asser- 
tion, "  Habitat  in  Aliii  I'ohis  subcutauea,"  not  having  been  con- 
firmed, 7uai/  be  entirely  erroneous,  like  the  "  Habitat  in  Fagi  foliis 


228  ELACiiisTid:. 

subcutanea/'  given  for  ScJ/ojJcreJh/,  and  Jiiaj/  therefore  only  pnt 
us  on  the  wrong  scent.  The  perfect  insect  in  repose  extends  its 
hind  legs  (according  to  the  observations  of  Linnaeus  and  Zeller)  in 
a  horizontal  direction. 

1.  pedella,  Lin.  F.  S.   Ii33   {\^CA).—crjUmlreUa,  Vv^h.—njUii- 
clricuH,  Pauz.  I.  G.  24. — (uujmtipennella,   Hiib. ;  Trcit. ;   Diip.  L.  L. 
xi.  pi.  309.  f.  10.    Alis  auticis  dilute  luteis,  costa  fusca,  maculis  tribus 
^  ^       dorsi  fuscis  prima  basali,  ycciuida  ante,  tertia  pone  medium,  secuuda 
*■"        tcrtia([ue  costam  versus  linea  fusca  conjunctis.     Exp.  al.  4|-5  lio. 

Head,  face,  and  pal))!  pale  yellow.  Antenna;  pale  fuscous.  An- 
terior wings  pale  yellow,  with  the  costa  fuscous,  and  three  fuscous 
spots  on  the  inner  margin ;  the  first  at  the  base,  the  second  before  the 
middle,  and  the  third  beyond  the  middle ;  the  second  and  thii'd  are 
united  towards  the  costa  by  a  slender  fuscous  streak ;  in  the  apex  is  a 
small  fuscous  spot ;  cilia  fuscous.  Posterior  wings  fuscous,  with  paler 
cilia. 

A])pears  in  July,  frequenting  alders.  A  specimen  taken  near 
Brandon,  by  Mr.  Dunning,  is  in  bis  collection. 


Genus  III.     COSMOPTERYX.    ^^70.-4^" 

Cosmoplerijx  p.,  Hiib.  v.  424  (1816);  ZcU.  ;  Dup.  GraciUaria  p., 
llaw.     Glyphlptcryx  p..  Step. 

Capilli  hcvigati,  frons  valtlc  convcm.  Antenna}  corporis  longitudine, 
sctaceag,  articulo  basali  valde  loin/o,  clavato,  reliquis  valde  confertis, 
crassiusculac!,  nudiic.  Palpi  labiales  longiuscnli,  tenues,  recurvi,  ar- 
ticuli  sccundi  apice  incrassato.  llanstcllum  mediocre,  squamatura. 
Tibia;  posticao  parum  incrassattc,  fasciculata;,  spinis  mcdiocvibus  cras- 
siusculis.  Ala3  longissinie  ciliatic,  anteriorcs  angusta>,  posteriores 
sctacea- ;  anteriorcs  :  ccllula  discoidalis  clougata,  postice  non  clausa  ; 
rami  apicales  tenues,  basi  libera ;  vena;  mediana3  rami  tres  elongati ; 
submediana  simplex,  juxta  subdorsaleniy)/;Y'rt/(7/w  ;  posteriores:  vente 
ranii(jue  j)huic  oh&oleLl. 

Head  smooth ;  the  ibrelicad  extremely  convex.  Antenna;  as  long  as 
the  body,  setaceous,  with  the  basal  joint  ven/  Ioihj  and  clavate,  the 
remainder  very  thickly  set  together,  rather  thick,  without  hairs.  La- 
Ijial  ])alpi  ratlier  long,  slender,  recurv(>d,  the  apex  of  the  second  joint 
thickened.  Tongue  moderate,  clothed  with  scales.  The  liinder  tibia:; 
slighlly  thickened,  tufled,  with  moderately  long,  rather  thick  spines. 
AViiigs  with  very  long  cilia,  the  anterior  narrow,  the  posterior  seta- 
ceous. \\\  the  anterior  wings  the  elongate  discoidal  cell  is  posteriorly 
not  closed ;  the  slender  apical  veins  have  the  base  free ;  from  the  me- 
dian vein  three  elongate  branches  [irocecd ;  the  simple  submcdian  vein 


cos:\roPTF.RYX.  229 

is  close  to  the  furcate  subdorsal  vein.  Tn  llic  posterior  wings  the  veins 
and  branches  arc  obsolete. 

Tiirce  s])ecies  of  surpassing  bciiuty  constitute  tliis  genus,  but 
one  of  them  has  not  yet  been  found  in  Britain.  Tlic  larv;c  of 
none  arc  liiown ;  but  the  larva  of  Brurelld  is  pretty  strongly 
suspected:  it  mines  in  the  leaves  of  the  h()[)  in  September,  when 
full  fed  (luitting  the  leaf  and  forming  a  hue  white  cocoon,  witliin 
"which  the  larva  remains  unchanged  during  the  winter,  hence  the 
perfect  insect  is  difFicult  to  rear.  Mr.  Douglas  had  collected  a 
number  of  these  larvre  in  the  autumn  of  1852,  but  many  escaped 
from  his  breeding  cage,  and  the  remainder  died ;  in  the  following 
July  he  found  a  specimen  of  the  ])erfect  insect  on  the  window  of 
the  room  where  he  had  kept  his  larvtc;  subsequently  ^fr.  Wing 
discovered  some  of  the  perfect  insect  (not  previously  known  to 
occur  in  this  locality)  by  beating  the  hop-plant,  the  leaves  of 
which  had  furnished  the  mining  larva;  the  previous  autumn.  I 
therefore  conclude  that  these  miners  are  the  larva)  of  Dnirella,  but 
that  they  are  so  is  not  yet  proved. 

1.  Drurella,  Fab.  S.  E.  666.  Gi  {\lVo).—DrimjeUa,  Zell.  Ent.  

Ztg.  \S:i{).—ZieglereUa,  ITiib.  Tin.  306;  ^wcxs.—eximia,  Ilaw. ;  Step,  ii^-  VT\. 
Alis  auticis  (dris,  fascia  ohllqua  argentca  prope  basiui,  fascia  recta  in  ,  ^^,  t  f^ 
medio,  fasciaquc  posteriore  obliqua  violaceo-argeuteis,  spatiura  triang-u-  — \ 

lare  saturate  aurantium  ineludcntibus,  strigulis  duabus  argenteis,  altera 
supra  angulum  analeui,  altera  in  ipso  apice.     Exp.  al.  4  lin. 

Head  dark  fuscous,  metallic.  Face  and  palpi  rather  silvery.  An- 
tennae black,  with  a  ring  before  the  apex,  and  the  apex  white.  vVutc- 
rior  wings  ijlack,  with  an  ohUque  sil re?-// fascia  //ear  t/te  base  (nearest  the 
base  on  the  costa),  a  nearly  straight  fascia  in  the  middle,  and  an 
ol)li(|UC  fascia  beyond  the  middle  silvery-violet  (this  last  fascia  is  near- 
est tlic  base  on  tlic  inner  margin) ;  the  triangular  space  included  be- 
tween these  two  fascisc  is  deep  orange,  margined  with  black  ;  above  the 
anal  angle  is  a  short  silvery  streak,  and  another  is  in  the  extreme  apex 
of  tlie  blackish  cilia.     Posterior  wings  blackish,  with  paler  cilia. 

Truly,  as  llaworth  says,  "species  formosissima;"  it  has  oc- 
curred in  some  plenty  in  several  localities  near  London  in  July; 
it  was  reputed  to  frecpient  a  willow-tree  at  Hackney,  probably 
because  some  hops  grew  in  the  vicinity. 

2.  Lienigiella,  Zell.  Isis,  is  1-6.  p.  2!)S;   Sta.     Alis  auticis  sn- 

titrate  oclircis,  strigulis  tribus  tenuibus  ex  basi  albo-argeuleis,  ])rinia  (ff.lX.i'; 
costali  mox  dellexa  et  ante  medium  dcisinentc,  sccunda  sui)ra  plicam, 
tertiaque  dorsali  in  medio  desinentibus,  macula  in  uu-dio  costa;  ali)i(la, 
punctis  quinquc  pluinbeo-argenteis  pone  medium  in  circulo  ])ositis, 
pone  hnec  strigula  argenteo-alba  iu  apice  extremo  dccurreute.  Exp.  al. 
4.^-5  Un. 


230  ELACIIISTID.E. 

Head  dark  ocbreous,  a  pale  line  on  each  side  behind  the  eyes.  Face 
whitish.  Palpi  whitisli,  terminal  joint  pale  fnscous.  Antennae  dark 
fuscons.  Anterior  wings  dark  ockreons,  with  three  slender  silvery- 
white  streaks  from  the  base,  one  along  the  costa,  which  is  soon  de- 
flected, and  ceases  before  the  middle  of  the  wing,  another  runs  above 
the  fold,  and  the  third  along  the  inner  margin  to  the  middle;  in  the 
middle  of  the  costa  is  a  whitish  spot,  not  sharply  defined ;  beyond  the 
middle  of  the  wing  are  five  small  leaden-silvery  spots  placed  almost  in  a 
circle  ;  beyond  them  a  silvery  white  streak  runs  at  the  apex  of  the  wing 
through  the  cilia,  separated  from  the  wliitish  costal  cilia  by  a  narrow 
fnscous  streak ;  cilia  of  the  inner  margin  pale  grey.  Posterior  wings 
grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

This  species,  which  to  my  notions  is  even  more  elegant  than 
the  preceding,  occurs  in  the  Cambridgeshire  fens  in  June  and 
July. 


Genus  IV.     BATRACHEDRA.      (K-VH,^' 


(X- 


Gracillaria  p.,  Ilaw. ;  Step.     Oniix  p.,  Trcit.     Cosniopteiyx  p.,  Zell. 

Capilli  Isevigati ;  frons  angustula,  obtusa.     Antennae  corporis  longitu- 
dine,  setacea?,  articulo  basali  drevi,  reliquis  confertis,  uudce.     Palpi 
labiales  mediocres,  recurvi,  acuti,  articulo  secundo  compresso,  sub- 
clavato.     Haustellum  mediocre,  squamatum.     Tibite  posticae  parum 
inerassatiE.     Alae  longe  ciliatae,  antcriores  angustte,  posteriores  an- 
gustissima?,  fasclculo  costa-  'propu,  hasiiu ;  antcriores :   cellnla  discoi- 
dalis  valde  elongata  vix  clausa  ;  rami  apicales  attenuati,  subobsoleti ; 
medianae  ramus  primus  brevimmtis,  obUqHus ;  submediana  simplex; 
subdorsalis  simplex,  furca  basini  versus  indicata ;  posteriores :  vena 
mediana  tantum  postice  distinctior,  rctmis  nnUis. 
Head  smooth ;  the  forehead   rather  narrow,  obtuse.     Antennct  as 
long  as  the  body,  setaceous,  the  basal  joint  short,  the  remainder  thickly 
set  together,  without  hairs.     Laljial  pal))i  moderately  long,  recurved, 
acute,  the  second  joint  compressed,  subclavate.     Tongue  of  moderate 
length,    clothed    with    scales.     The    hinder   tibi;e    slightly    thickened. 
Wings  with  long   ciHa,   the   anterior  narrow,  tiie  posterior  extremely 
narrow,  with  a  taft  projecti)!!/  from  the  costa  near  the  base.     In  the  an- 
terior wings  the  extremely  elongate  discoichU  cell  is  hardly  closed  pos- 
t(n'iorly ;   the  attenuated   apical  veins   are   almost   obsolete ;    the  first 
branch  of  the  median  vein  is  very  short  and  olAiqne ;  the  submediau 
vein  is  simple ;  the  subdorsal  vein  is  simple,  but  there  are  indications 
of  a  fork  towards  the  base.     In  the  posterior  wings  the  median  vein  is 
only  more  distinct  posteriorly,  tcith  no  branches. 

Only  two  sjiecies  are  at  present  known  in  this  genus  :  one,  prcc- 
anf/usla,  is  very  common  among  willows  and  poplars  in  July,  and 


a- 


OIXOPHILA.  231 

may  frequently  be  observed  sitting  on  the  trunks  of  tliosc  trees 
with  the  anterior  feet  ])ut  back,  like  Bcdcllla,  not  forwards  like 
GracUaria,  and  the  head  a  little  raised ;  the  larva  has  been  ob- 
served by  Lieniii",  who  records  it  as  feeding  between  united  aspen- 
leaves.  Of  the  larva  of  phdcnlella  we  have  no  record,  in  si)ite 
of  Duponchers  amusing  remarks  (Cat.  ^71),  "that  Fischer  do 
Roslerstamm  had  written  him  word  that  the  larva  of  y.//rticolella 
lived  in  the  catkins  of  the  poplar,  but  that  it  appeared,  from  a 
case  placed  in  his  collection,  beside  that  oi piuicolcUa,  these  larvae 
lived  in  moveable  cases  like  those  of  the  genus  Culeopjkora." 

1.  prseangusta,  Haw.  L.  B.  530  (1829);  Step. — turdlpennella, 

Treit. ;  Dup.  L.  F.  xi.  pi.  310.  f.  7  ;  Zcll. ;  Lienig.     Alls  anticis  exal-     (Qp^WV 
bidis,  fusco-variegatis,  basi  juxta  costam  paUida,  liueolis  duabus  uigris 
osseo-ciuctis,  priore   plicfe  ante    medium,  altera  disci  pone  medium.        ^ 
Exp.  al.  7  lin. 

Head  and  face  dirty-whitish.  Palpi  dirty-whitish,  tlie  last  joint 
with  two  dark  fuscous  rings.  Antennae  fuscous  annulated  with  whitish. 
Anterior  wings  dirty-whitish,  varied  with  fusoons,  only  the  basal  por- 
tion of  the  wing  towards  the  costa  remaining  of  the  pale  ground- 
colour ;  on  the  fold  before  tlie  middle  is  a  short  black  line  surrounded 
by  the  pale  ground-colour,  and  a  similar  ocellated  mark  lies  midway 
between  this  and  the  apex  of  the  wing ;  cilia  grey.  I'ostcrior  wings 
grey,  witli  paler  cilia. 

Common  in  July  on  the  stems  of  willows  and  poplars;  the 
larva  (according  to  Lienig)  in  May  between  united  poplar  leaves. 

2,  pinicolella  (ZelL),  Dup.  L.  F.  xi.  579.  pi.  310.  f.  13  (1S38); 
Zell. ;  Sta.  Alis  anticis  ochrcis,  squamis  sparsis  fuscis,  costa  fusea 
pra^cipue  apicem  versus,  puncto  prope  angulum  analem  fusco.  Exp. 
al.  5-6  lin. 

Head  pale  oeiireous,  tinged  with  bronze.  Face  whitisli.  l^dpi 
whitish,  terminal  joint  fuscous.  Antennae  pale  fuscous,  with  darker 
anuulations.  Anterior  wings  ochrcous,  with  scattered  fuscous  scales ; 
the  costa  dark  fuscous,  esj)ecially  towards  tlic  a])ex ;  near  the  anal 
angle  is  a  small  fuscous  spot ;  cilia  dark  fuscous.  Posterior  wings  pale 
grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Among  lir-trces  in  June  and  July ;  has  occurred  at  West  Wick- 
ham,  at  Dartford  Heath,  aiul  at  Wevbridge. 


Genus  V.     OINOPHILA.       ^.  VT\  -  (o' 


a-C- 


OiNorniLA,  Step.  Ent.  Trans.  V.  proc.  xli.  (IS-IS).     Gracillaria  p., 
Haw. ;  Step. 

Capilli  in  fronie  hirsuti,  supcrne  loivigati,  epistomio  kcvigato.     Ocelli 


■^32  ELACHISTID.'E. 

nuUi.  Palpi  labiales  hreviusaiU,  subporrecti,  articulo  secundo  setis 
pmicls  instructo,  articulo  tertio  subacuto.  Haustellum  breve.  An- 
tennae alas  anteriores  longitiuline  fere  .Tquantes,  tenues.  Tibiie 
posticfe  valde  pilospe.  AUc  longe  ciliatfc,  anteriores  angusta",  sub- 
caudata,  posteriores  lanceolatfc.  Anteriores  :  vena  subcostalis  Ijasini 
versus  obsoleta,  cellula  discoidalis  imperfectc  clausa,  venas  (piatuor 
in  costam  mittit,  unam  in  margincm  posticum,  subdorsalis  simplex ; 
posteriores :  vena;  subcostalis  et  subdorsalis  basim  versus  indicatty, 
rami  obsoleti. 

Head  hairy  hi  front ;  the  top  of  the  head  and  the  face  smooth. 
Ocelli  none.  Labial  palpi  rather  short,  slightly  porrccted ;  the  second 
joint  provided  with  a  few  tiristlcs ;  the  terminal  joint  almost  acute. 
Tongue  short.  Antennae  slender,  nearly  as  long  as  the  anterior  wings. 
Hinder  tibia;  very  hairy.  Wings  with  long  cilia,  the  anterior  narrow, 
s/ibcaiidate,  the  posterior  lanceolate.  In  the  anterior  wings  the  sub- 
costal vein  is  obsolete  towards  the  base,  the  imperfectly  closed  discoidal 
cell  sends  four  veins  to  the  costa,  one  to  the  hinder  margin ;  the  sub- 
dorsal vein  is  simple ;  in  the  posterior  wings  there  are  indications  of 
the  subcostal  and  subdorsal  veins  towards  the  base,  but  their  branches 
are  obsolete. 

Only  one  species  of  this  genus  is  known;  it  inhabits  wine- 
vaults  and  wi)ie-cellars.  The  larva  has  been  reputed  to  feed  on 
the  fungus  which  grows  in  wine-vaults,  and  also  on  the  corks  in 
the  bottles ;  but  further  investigations  are  still  wanted  fully  to 
elucidate  the  natural  history  of  this  singular  insect. 

1.  V-flava,  Haw.  L.  B.  530  (1829);  Step.  Alis  anticis  fuscis, 
fascia  angulata  in  medio,  angulo  ipso  apicem  versus  producto,  maculis 
posticis  oppositis  sajpc  in  fasciam  conjuuctis,  flavidis.    Exp.  al.  4-5  lin. 

Head  fuscous ;  the  frontal  tuft  dirty-ochreous.  Face  and  palpi 
whitish.  Antenna;  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  fuscous,  with  an  aiigu- 
lated  yellow  fascia  in  the  middle,  the  angulation  being  towards  tlic 
apex  of  the  wing  and  somewhat  produced  ;  on  the  costa  towards  the 
apex  is  a  yellow  spot,  and  a  smaller  one  on  the  inner  margin  rather 
anterior  is  sometimes  united  to  it,  forming  a  fascia ;  cilia  grey,  with 
some  yellow  scales  immediately  below  the  apex  of  the  wing.  Posterior 
wings  pale  grey,  with  yellowisli-grey  cilia. 

Occui's  in  wine-vaults  and  wine-cellars  in  July  and  August. 


V/  a  -  c 


GcnusVI.     CHAULIODUS.    W-W- 

CiiATiLiODiis,  Trcit.  E.  R.  ix.  3.  31  (1S33);  Hup.     Lophonot/ifi,  Step. 
I'llachista  p.,  Zell.     Rpcrnieiiia,  Calutripis  p.,  et  Trichotripi.f;  p.,  Hiib. 

Capilii  heves,   Irons   obtusa.      Auteuna^   abdominc  longiores,  setacerc, 
articidis  brcviusculis  (basali  brevi)  coiiferlis,  brevlter  pitusa.     Palpi 


CIIAtLIODlS.  233 

labiales  inediocres,  crassiusculi,  reciirvi,  articulo  sccundo  subclavato, 
tcrininali  mnlto  brcviore,  subacuto.  llaustellum  brcvc,  mulura.  AUu 
loiit;-e  ciliatic,  antcriorcs  cloiip;ata',  hi  dorso  sqiiamaio-deul alfP ,  pos- 
tcriorcs  laiiccolaUe ;  antcriorcs:  cclliila  scciuularia  indicnta ;  vena 
apicalis  fiircata  supra  ct  infra  apiccin  exit,  infra  earn  rami  quinquo ; 
snbmediana  simplex  ;  vena  subdorsalis  brcvis,  furca  snbobsolcta  ;  pos- 
teriores :  ccllula  costalis  valdc  am;-ustata  :  ccUula  mediana  clausa  in 
costara  unicam,  in  margincm  posticum  quin([ue  vcnas  emittit,  inter  sc 
non^counexas. 

Head  smooth ;  the  forehead  obtuse.  Autcnnse  longer  than  the  ab- 
domen, setaceous,  with  rather  short,  cloaehj  set  jobils  (the  basal  joint 
short),  with  short  hairs.  Labial  palpi  of  moderate  length,  rather  thick, 
recurved  ;  the  second  joint  subelavatc  ;  the  terminal  joint  much  shorter, 
rather  acute.  Tongue  short  and  naked.  AVings  with  long  cilia,  the 
anterior  elongate,  toith  toolh-like  projections  of  scales  0)i  the  ini/cr  marf/in, 
the  posterior  lanceolate.  In  the  anterior  wings  the  secondary  cell  is 
indicated ;  the  furcate  (qjical  vein  terminates  above  and  below  the  apex, 
below  it  arc  live  veins;  the  submedian  vein  is  simple;  the  subdorsal 
short,  with  a  rather  obsolete  fork;  in  the  posterior  wings  the  costal 
cell  is  extremely  narrow,  the  closed  median  c^l  emits  one  vein  to  the 
costa  and  five  separate  veins  to  the  liinder  margin. 

Of  this  genus  wc  have  {\\\v.c  species ;  several  others  arc  known 
to  oceui'  on  the  continent.  ((Jne  of  our  species,  insecnrellKS,  shows 
a  slight  discrepancy  in  the  ncuration  of  the  -wings;  tlic  apical 
vein  of  the  aiiterior  wings  being  sluqJe,  and  below  it  arc  six 
veins ;  the  apex  of  the  submedian  is  also  fhlckeaed.)  Little  is 
known  of  the  habits  of  any  of  the  species  except  Charoplnillcllus ; 
this  is  double  brooded,  the  larva  feeding  at  the  end  of  June  and 
beginning  of  July,  and  in  September,  on  several  species  of  Um- 
le/lifercd ;  they  generally  occur  in  companies  of  rarely  less  than 
ten  on  a  plant,  sometimes  as  many  as  fd'ty ;  when  very  young  the 
larvffi  mine  the  leaves,  but  wlien  more  fully  grown  they  come 
from  within  the  cuticles,  and  devour  the  lower  half  of  the  leat^ 
tlie  upper  portion  consequently  becomes  discolourcnl  and  turns 
brown.  The  larvre  spina  number  of  small  threads  about  the  ])lant 
on  which  they  feed,  and  these  threads  arc  covered  with  a  glutinous 
secretion  which  collects  in  minute  globules,  reminding  one,  as  Dc 
Geer  expressed  it,  of  a  spider's  web  in  a  fog.  When  the  larva  is 
full-fed  it  spins  an  open  network  cocoon  and  changes  therein  to  a 
pupa.  The  perfect  insect  appears  towards  the  end  of  July  and 
begiiniing  of  August,  and  in  October;  the  latter  brood  is  far  the 
most  numerous,  but  the  specimens  are  more  retired  in  habit, 
and  are  rarely  met  with  till  the  spring,  after  hybernation,  and  of 
course  in  wasted  condition.  The  perfect  insects  of  the  summer 
brood  may  sometimes  be  met  with  Hying  on  calm  evenings,  with 
VOL.  rii.  2  H 


234  ELACTITSTIDJE. 

a  rather  wavy  fliglit.  Of  the  oth.er  species  of  the  genus  we  are 
not  aware  of  more  than  one  brood,  though  by  analogy  a  hyber- 
nating  autumnal  brood  is  extremely  probable;  The  larva  of  Tlli- 
(jcrellHs  (according  to  Fischer's  observations  in  Treitschkc)  differs 
considerably  in  habit,  feeding  singlij  on  JEgojMdiwii  Fodagraria 
l)etvreen  several  leaves  drawn  together. 

1.  insecurellus,  Sta.  Cat.  p.  24  {'\%¥.)).—IlUgerellns,  Sta.  Zool. 
1848.     Alis  auticis  oLsciire  albldis,  postice  fusco  et  usLulato  suffusis 

fascia  in  'medio  •usiulata,  prope  costam  ftisca,  maculis  duabu3  dorsi,  una 
dioci,  una  costaj  albidis,  macula  disci  puncto  uigro  applicata,  fasciculis 
tribus  nigro-squamatis  e  dorso  prominidis.     Exp.  al.  4^  lin. 

Head  and  face  dirty-grey.  Palpi  grey.  Antennre  fuscous.  Anterior 
wings  dirtg-H'hitisJi,  Kith  a  t awn g  fascia  in  the  middle,  darlcest  on  the 
costa ;  beyond  which  the  wing  is  much  suffused  with  tawny  and  fus- 
cous, leaving  only  two  spots  on  the  inner  margin,  one  on  the  disc  and 
one  on  the  costa  of  the  whitish  ground-colour ;  immediately  below  the 
spot  on  the  disc  is  a  black  dot ;  the  basal  portion  of  the  wing  is  much 
suffused  with  grey,  and  two  or  three  darker  spots  are  sometimes  con- 
spicuous ;  three  tufts  of  black  scales  project  from  the  iuuer  margin ; 
ciha  greyish-tawny.     Posterior  wings  grey,  witb  paler  ciba. 

Has  occurred  sparingly  on  the  downs  beyond  Croydon  (at 
Stoat's-nest),  at  the  end  of  July  and  beginning  of  August. 

2.  Illigerellus,  Iliib.  Tin.  333  (181G);  Treit, ;  Dup.  L.  F.  xi. 
pi.  294.  f,  \.-—faIciformis,  Haw. ;  Step. ;  Curt.  Alis  anticis  dilute 
ochreis,  fusco  irregulariter  variegatis,  striga  obliqua  prope  basiin  a  dorso 
fere  ad  costam,  striga  fascirrfonni  ante  viedium  ante  costam  curvata  et 
ranmlum  in  angidum  analeni  emittente,  apiceque  fuscio,  punctis  duobus 
nigris  in  disco,  fasciculis  duobus  uigro-squamatis  e  dorso  prominulis. 
Exp.  al.  0  lin. 

Head  and  face  ochreous.  Palpi  ochreous ;  the  third  joint  with  a 
broad  fuscous  ring.  Autennfc  greyish-fuscous.  Anterior  Vvfings  pale 
ochreous,  irregularly  varied  with  fuscous  ;  a  tiark  streak  extends  obliquely 
from  the  inner  margin  near  the  base  more  than  half  across  towards  the 
costa ;  b(fore  the  middle  is  a  fuscous  fasciaform  streak  curved  and  ex- 
panded on  the  costa,  and  emitting  a  branch  to  the  anal  angle  ;  there  is 
also  a  fuscous  blotch  on  the  apex  of  the  wing ;  on  tlie  disc  arc  two 
black  spots,  one  before,  the  other  beyond  the  middle ;  from  the  inner 
margin  project  two  tufts  of  black  scales ;  cilia  fuscous,  varied  with 
ochreous,  and  having  a  decidedly  falcate  appearance.  Posterior  wings 
fuscous,  with  paler  cilia. 

Appears  in  July;  the  larva  feeding  (according  to  Fischer)  on 
JEgojiodiuni  Fodagraria  in  ]\lay.  Has  occurred  in  several  locali- 
ties near  Hastings,  Brighton,  in  the  Cambridgeshire  fens,  etc. 

3.  Chserophyllellus,  (Jocze,  E.  B.  iii.  4.  169.  292  (1783).— ^^s- 
taceella,  Hiib. ;  Zell.  ;  T>y[p.—fascicHlellus,  Step.  pi.  39.  f.  1.    AUs  an- 


LAVEKNA. 


235 


ticis  saturate  fuscis,  ochreo-varicgatis,  s([uarais  sparsis  all)is,  macula 
propc  costam  ante  apiccm  alhida  (vcl  alis  auticis  usque  ad  medium  al- 
bidis,  fascia  lata  fusca  pone  medium,  macula  costtu  ante  apicem  albida), 
fasciculis  tribus  ustulatis  seu  fuscis  c  dorso  prominulis.     Exp.  al.  G  liu. 

Head  and,  face  dark  grey.  Palpi  grey ;  the  end  of  the  tliii-d  joint 
ochreous.  Antennae  dark  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  dark  fuscous,  varied 
with  ochreous,  with  scattered  white  scales;  near  the  costa  before  the  a])cx 
is  a  conspicuous  whitish  spot  (or  anterior  wings  with  the  basal  half 
entirely  whitish  or  dirty-yellowish,  beyond  which  is  a  broad  fuscous 
fascia,  followed  by  tawny  towards  the  costa,  the  white  spot  before  the 
apex  occurring  as  in  the  dark  variety) ;  from  the  inner  margin  i)roject 
three  tufts  of  tawny  or  fuscous  scales ;  cilia  dark  fuscous,  with  a  light 
spot  below'  the  apex.     Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Appears  in  July  and  Angnst,  and  October,  liyberiuitcd  spe- 
cimens occurring  in  spring;  it  frequents  UmhelCifoys  among 
hedges.  The  larva  feeds  at  the  end  of  June  and  beginning  of 
September  on  various  UmfjeUiferce  ;  1  have  found  it  o\\  Ant/i riscus 
Si/lve&trls,  Tonlis  Anthriscus,  Sison  Amonmm,  ILeradtuiii  SjJton- 
ihjlium,  and  Angelica  si/lvcstris. 


Genus  VII.     LAVERNA. 


Laverna  p.,  Curt.  B.  E.  fo.  735  (183'J).     ElacMda  p.,  Zell. ;  Dup. 
Capilli  la^vcs,  frons  obtusa.    Antenna3  abdominc  longiores,  sctaceaj,  ar- 
ticulo  basali  elongato,  clavato,  crassiuscuhc.     Palpi  labiales  medio- 
cres,  recurvi,  articulo  seeundo  apiccm  versus  laxe  squamato,  subcla- 
vato,  tertio  breviore  acuto.    llaustcllum  mediocre,  parce  sqiiamatum. 
Ala3   longissime  ciliatie,   antcriorcs   Inhcrnduto-squariiaUe,   tuhercnlh 
non  melallicis,  dorso  non  dcntato ;  posteriores  lineari-lanceolatte. 
Head  smooth  ;  the  forehead  obtuse.     Antenn;c  longer  than  the  ab- 
domen, setaceous,  rather  thick,  with  the  basal  joint  elongate,  clavate. 
Labial  palpi  moderately  long,  recurved ;  the  second  joint  subchnate, 
towards  the  apex  loosely  scaled ;  the  third  joint  shorter,  acute.  'Ipngue 
of  moderate  length,  sparingly  scaled.      Wings  with  very  long  cilia,  the 
anterior  with  titfts  of  scales,  tlio.  tufts  not  nidalllc,  the  inner  margin 
without  projecting  tufts  ;  the  posterior  wings  linear-lanceolate. 

The  limits  of  this  ami  several  of  the  following  genera  are  by  no 
means  satisfactorily  settled.  The  present  genus  admits  of  being 
readily  divided  into  three  grou])s. 

A.  Anterior  wings  with  a  distinct  pale  costal  spot;  the  furcate  apical 
vein  runs  into  the  costa  before  the  apex ;  below  \ifive  veins  proceed 
to  the  hinder  margin ;  the  subdorsal  vein  furcate  at  each  end,  the 
basal  fork  long,  the  apical  fork  shorter.  This  singular  appearance 
no  doubt  arises  from  the  thickened  apex  of  the  svibmedian  vein  be- 


236  ELACHISTID.E. 

coming  confluent  with  the  subdorsal.  In  the  posterior  wings  five 
veins  proceed  from  the  discoidal  cell  to  the  hinder  margin,  one  to 
the  costa.     Species  1-4. 

(In  species  4,  StcqjJiensi,  the  second  joint  of  the  palpi  can  scarcely 

be  called  loosely  scaled.) 

B.  The  pale  costal  spot  of  the  anterior  wings  obsolete;  the  tufts  of 

scales  extremely  small ;  the  apex  of  the  subdorsal  vein  simple,  the 

thickened  apex  of  the  submedian  not  connected  with  it.     Species 

5-9. 

(In  species  6,  ocJtraceeJJa,  the  apex  of  the  subdorsal  vein  is  fur- 
cate, as  in  section  a.     I  place  species  7,  PJiraguiiteUa,  here,  though 
I  had  previously  made  a  distinct  genus  of  it,  Linuur'cia:  it  accords 
Avcll  with  ochmceelht,  only  exaggerating  the  peculiarities  from  its 
larger  size.) 
c.  The  anterior  wings  with  no  pale  costal  spot;  below  tlie  furcate  api- 
cal vein  tJ/ree  veins  run  into  the  hinder  margin ;  the  subdorsal  vein 
only  furcate  at  the  base  ;  the  submedian  not  thickened.     Sp.  10,  11. 
Many  of  the  species  of  tins  genus  are  very  beautiful,  the  an- 
terior wings  being  frequently  of  varied  colours^  and  the  tufts  on 
them  give  tliemj  when  seen  at  rest,  a  singular  appearance ;  the  per- 
fect insects  are  rather  sluggish,  and  some  are  consequently  rarely 
met  with ;  some  which  only  appear  towards  the  end  of  the  summer, 
such  as  Ej/dohiella,  are  more  frequently  met  with  in  the  spring 
after  hybernation.     Most  of  the  species  have  probably  only  one 
brood,  but  Staintonl  is  double-brooded.     The  few  known  larvaj 
are  either  leaf-miners,  or  feed  in  the  terminal  shoots  of  plants. 

1.  propinqtiella,    Sta.   Sup.    Cat.    p.    8    (1851).     Alls    anticis 
— ;-       c;vruleo-fuscis,  ochraceo  marmoratis,  macula  dorsi  basali  fere  costam 

in  -  1 X -23 •  tannente,  /'asciacivxe  ohiiqua  postica  interrupta  albis,  maculis  tubcrculatis 
nigris,  tribus  plicK,  tribus  disci ;  capite  cum  fronte  albo,  palpis  albis, 
articuli  tcrtii  annulo  ante  apicem  fusco.     Exp.  al.  6  lin. 

Head  and  face  white.  Palpi  white,  the  terminal  joint  with  a  fuscous 
ring  before  the  apex.  Antenna)  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  bluish-fus- 
cous, marbled  with  ochreous ;  a  large  basal  spot  which  is  expanded  ou 
the  inner  uiargin  and  almost  touches  the  costa,  and  an  interrupted  oblique 
hinder /« AC irt,  are  tohlte ;  a  slender  white  streak  arises  in  the  middle  of 
the  costa,  and  after  passing  under  a  round  black  spot  ou  the  disc,  runs 
into  the  white  fascia,  which  is  interrupted  in  its  middle  by  a  grey  and 
a  tawny  spot ;  three  tul'ts  of  bUick  scales  lie  ou  the  fold,  and  three 
others  above  them  ;  cilia  tawny  fuscous.  Posterior  wings  fuscous,  with 
paler  cilia. 

lias  occurred  in  various  localities  atDeab  Fulham,  near  Bristol, 
in  the  south  of  IScotlaiul,  and  in  the  (,'ambridgeshire  fens  in  July; 
but  nowhere  common, 

2.  lacteella,  Stop.  11.  iv.  '■n^'i  (\>>'6\).—(jibbiferellu,  Zell. ;  Licnig. 


^: 


LAVERNA.  237 

Alis  anticis  crernlco-fiiscis,  ocliracco-inarmoratis,  macula  dorsi  l)asali, 
macuUs  opposUis  ante  apicom  dilute  ochraceis,  allj'uUsvc,  maculis  tut)ei-- 
culatis  iiigris,  tribus  plicpe,  tribus  disci ;  capite  cum  froiitc  dlluie 
oclireo,  palpis  dilute  ochrels,  articuli  tertii  aimulis  duobiis  fuscis.  Exp. 
al.  5  lin. 

Head  and  face  p(de  oclireous.  Palpi  })ule  ochreous,  the  last  joint 
with  two  fuscous  ving-s.  Antennte  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  bluish- 
fuscous,  tinged  with  ochreous  towards  the  inner  margin,  with  a  large 
spot  on  the  inner  margin  at  the  base,  and  two  opposite  spots  towards 
the  apex,  j^ale  ochreous  or  \\'\\\iisJi ;  near  the  middle  of  the  costa  are  a 
few  whitish  scales,  and  others  are  scattered  over  the  disc  and  towards 
the  apex;  three  tufts  of  black  scales  lie  along  the  fold  and  three  others 
above  them  ;  cilia  greyish-fuscous.  Posterior  wings  fuscous,  with  paler 
cilia. 

Oecvu's  in  various  localities  in  June  and  July,  more  commonly 
than  the  preceding;  I  have  fancied  it  was  attached  to  the  sallow. 

3.  Staintoni,  Sircom,  Zool.  1S18.  p.  2038. — miscella,  W.  V.?; 
Hiib.  Tin.  273  ?    Alis  anticis  griseis,  ustulato  varicgatis,  maculis  duahus 
prope  costam  luteis,  prima  in  medio,  secunda  ante  apieem,  maculis  dua-       o 
bus  prope  dorsum   tuberculatis,  atris ;   capite  (jriseo,  fronte  argenteo- 
(jrisea,  palpis  griseis.     Exp.  al.  3-4^  lin. 

Head  (jreij.  Face  silvery  (jrey.  Palpi  (jreij.  Antennfc  grey.  An- 
terior wings  (jrey,  varied  with  tawny,  with  tico  ijellowish  spots  towards 
the  costa,  one  in  the  middle,  the  other  near  the  apex,  and  with  two  tufts 
of  black  scales  near  the  inner  murcjin  ;  cilia  grey.  Posterior  wings  grey, 
with  paler  ciha. 

Common  on  many  of  the  chalk  downs  of  the  south  of  England^ 
among  IleUanthemuiu  cidijare  in  May  and  June,  and  I  believe 
again  in  August.  The  fat  rather  short  larva  mines  the  leaves  of 
the  lldlaaihcnuuu  in  ^larch  and  April;,  moving  successively  from 
leaf  to  leaf  as  it  finds  occasion,  and  ([uitting  the  leaf  before  chang- 
ing to  the  ])upa  state.  I  imagine  there  is  a  second  brood  of  the 
larva  in  July. 

-k  Stephens!,  Sta.  Cat.  p.  21'  (1819).  Alis  anticis  (dlis,  maculis 
tribus  costcC  griseis,  prima  basali  oblonga,  secunda  pone  medium,  tertia 
apicali,  secunda  tertiatjue  stria  ustulata  connexis,  maculis  duabus  prope 
dorsum  tuberculatis  atris;  capite  cum  fronte  ulbo,  palpis  albis,  articuli 
secundi  ajnce,  articidi  tertii  aniudo  ante  apieem  nigris.     Exj).  al.  4  lin. 

Head  and  face  white.  Palpi  white ;  the  end  of  the  second  joint,  and 
a  ring  before  the  apex  of  the  terminal  joint,  black.  Antenme  fuscous, 
annulatcd  with  white.  Anterior  wings  white,  with  three  grey  blotches 
along  the  costa,  the  iirst  reaching  nearly  to  the  middle,  the  second 
lying  beyond  the  middle,  and  the  third  in  the  apex;  the  second  and 
third  are  united  by  a  tawny  streak  on  the  disc ;  near  the  inner  margin 
are  two  tufts  of  black   scales,  the  Iirst  before  the  middle,  the   second 


.m 


338  ELACHISTID^. 

towards  the  anal  angle ;  cilia  grey.     Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  with 
paler  cilia. 

A  few  specimens  of  this  pretty  species  were  taken  by  Mr. 
Boucliard  in  Hainault  Forest^  among  old  liawtliorn-buslies,  in 
August. 

5.  Epilobiella,  Schr.  F.  B.  ii.  126.  1853  (1802);  Bouchc; 
Treit. ;  F.  v.  Ii.  pi.  73.  pi.  74.  f.  1.;  ^Y.  V.?  Dup.  ?—f/ilvescens. 
Haw. ;  Step. — nebalella,  Step.  Alls  anticis  dilute  oclireis,  fusco-7iebii- 
losis,  pra^cipue  sub  costam  et  apicem  versus,  maculis  posticis  oppositis 
dilutioribus,  maculis  duabus  tuberculatis  fuscis,  prima  dorsi  ante, 
secunda  plicae  poue  medium.     Exp.  al.  5i  lin. 

Head  and  face  ochreous.  Palpi  ochreous,  the  terminal  joint  with 
two  fuscous  rings.  Antennae  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  2}ale  ochreous, 
clouded  loilh  fuscous,  especially  along  the  costa  and  towards  the  apex, 
with  an  appearance  of  two  paler  opposite  spots  before  the  apex,  and 
with  two  tufts  of  fuscous  scales,  the  lirst  near  the  inner  margin  before 
the  middle,  the  second  in  the  fold  beyond  the  middle ;  cilia  greyish- 
ochreous.     Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Appears  in  August  among  EpUobinm  hirsutiini,  but  more  fre- 
(juently  met  with  after  hybernation  in  May.  The  larva  is  abun- 
dant in  the  tops  of  the  Ep'iloh'mm  in  June  and  July,  screwing  up 
the  unexpanded  flower-  and  leaf-buds. 

C.  ocliraceella,  Curt.  B.  E.  fo.  735  (1839). — clandeslineJla, 
Schr.  ?  All's  anticis  ancjuslnlls  dilule  luleis,  saturate  luteo  vahle  sujj'usis. 
Exp.  al.  7  lin. 

(2^  Head,  face,  and  palpi  pale  yellow.  Antenna3  pale  yellow,  with  pale 
fuscous  anmdations.  Anterior  wings  rather  narrow,  pale  yellow,  much 
suffused  with  dark  yellow,  so  that  the  pale  colour  appears  on  the  darker 
ground  as  indistinct  spots,  of  which  two  are  on  the  inner  margin  and 
one  near  the  costa,  before  the  middle,  and  two  smaller  ones  are  towards 
the  costa  beyond  the  middle ;  cilia  yellowish.  Posterior  wings  pale 
whitish-grey,  with  very  pale  ochreous  cilia. 

This  beautiful  insect  had  been  taken  in  several  localities  in 
June,  in  moist  places,  but  was  considered  a  rarity,  till  last  sum- 
mer Mr.  Charles  Jordan  was  so  fortunate  as  to  discover  the  larva 
in  May,  mining  the  leaves  of  tlu;  EjuMmmi  Jiirsutnm  ;  and  on  our 
ascertaining,  from  breeding  a  specimen,  the  value  of  the  newly 
found  larviu,  we  were  enabled  to  collect  a  considerable  number  of 
the  puprc,  on  the  leaves  of  the  EpUohlutii,  in  their  elongate,  rather 
firm,  pale  bufT  cocoons. 

7.  Phragmitella  (iJentley),  Sla.  Sup.  Cat.  p.  t  (1851).  Alis 
anticis  dilute  ochrcis,  stria  disci  postica  J'usca,  in  qua  puncta  daa  sa- 
turate fuscn,  albo-ciHcta.     Exp.  al.  'J^  lin. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  pale  ochreous.     Anteniuc  pule  ochreous,  an- 


LAVERNA.  239 

nulutcd  with  fuscous.  Anterior  wiiic;s  pale  oclireous,  ivilJi  a  /hscoms 
streak  on  the  disc  j)OsteriorIii,  iu  vMck  are  two  dark  fuscous  spots  en- 
circled v:ith  white,  one  in  the  middle  and  the  other  beyond  the  middle ; 
cilia  pale  grcyish-ochreous.  Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  with  ])aler  cilia. 
Two  s])ccimcuSj  in  rather  wasted  condition,  have  been  taken  in 
marshy  places  iu  July;  one  is  in  Mr.  Shepherd's,  the  other  ni 
Mr.  Stevens'  collection. 

8.  decorella,  Step.  11.  iv.  213  (lS3-i).  Alis  anticis  fnscis,  dorso 
late  tisriue  jmne  viediuui,  faseiaque  obliqua  postica  albis,  vuicida  majore 
ante,  minore  post  fasciam  ochreo-ljruHneis.     Exp.  al.  5i  lin. 

Head  gTcy.  Face  white.  Palpi  white,  tlie  last  joint  with  a  ring, 
and  the  apex  fuscous.  Antennas  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  fuscous, 
with  the  inner  margin  broadly  white  to  beyond  the  middle,  and  with 
an  oblique  white  fascia  before  the  apex  ;  a  tawny  blotch  lies  on  tlie  disc 
before  the  fascia,  and  beyond  the  fascia  is  a  smaller  tawny  blotch ;  cilia 
grey.     Posterior  wings  fuscous,  with  paler  cilia. 

Occurs  iu  many  localities  at  the  end  of  autumn,  hybcrnated 
specimens  occurring  iu  the  spring ;  like  some  other  hybei-nating 
species,  it  is  not  unfrequcntly  found  in  houses  and  out-houses. 

9.  subbistrigella.  Haw.  L.  P>.  581  (1829). — slnrmpennella, 
Treit. ;  Zell.  Alis  anticis  fuseis,  macula  ohsoleta  dihttiore  dorsi  prope 
basim,  macula  triangulari  albida  ante  medium  dorsi,  costam  tangeute, 
fascia  postica  obliqua  alba  subintcrrupta.     Exp.  al.  hi  liu. 

Head  grey.  Face  white.  Palpi  white,  the  last  joint  with  a  ring, 
and  the  tij)  fuscous.  Antennre  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  fuscous,  wilh 
an  obscure  paler  spot  on  the  inner  margin  near  the  base,  a  large  triangu- 
lar vvhitisli  spot  on  the  inner  margin  before  the  middle  reaching  to  the 
costa,  and  beyond  the  middle  with  an  oblicjuc  white  fascia,  almost  in- 
terrupted ;  cilia  greyish-fuscous.  Posterior  wings  fuscous,  with  paler 
cilia. 

I  met  w  ith  this  among  sallows,  at  Chudleigh,  \w  eTunc ;  it  lias 
also  occurred  in  other  localities,  but  liaving  been  reputed  a  variety 
of  decorella,  its  habits  have  been  little  noticed. 

10.  atra,    Haw.   L.  B.   ,553   (1829);    Step.;    Cmi. —IleUereUa, 

Dup.  L.  F.  xi.  p.  293.  f.  11. — pntripenuella,  Zell.     Alis  anticis  nigris,      y^   — — 
dorso  sinuate  albo,  fascia  alba  postica,  ramos  eraittente,  unum  anticc,      -^'  V-i:  • 
duos  postice,  apieem  nigrum  in  maculas  tres  cUvidentes,  maculis  duabus         //// ,     ft 
tubci'culatis  atris,  prima  plic?e  in  medio,  altera  supra  angulum  analcm      o      '^~ 
(alis  anticis  stcpe  onniino  nigris).     Exp.  al.  G  lin. 

Head  and  face  white,  with  a  few  grey  scales.  Palpi  white,  the  end 
of  the  second  joint,  and  a  ring  belbre  the  apex  of  the  terminal  joint, 
fuscous.  Antenna)  fuscous,  with  paler  annulations.  Anterior  wings 
black,  the  inner  margin  white  to  beyond  the  middle,  where  an  irregular 
oblique  white  fascia  proceeds  towards  the  apex ;  the  black  forming  a 
blotch  along  the  costa,  very  narrow  at  the  base,  l)ut  expanding  towards 


240  ELACIIISTID.'E. 

the  middle,  where  it  nearly  reaches  the  inner  margin  (towards  the  inner 
margin  it  is  much  tinged  with  tawny) ;  it  is  indented  by  a  short  white 
streak  from  the  oblique  hinder  fascia ;  the  black  apical  portion  of  the 
wing  is  divided  into  three  nearly  equal  portions  by  two  branches  from 
the  white  fascia ;  there  are  two  tufts  of  black  scales,  one  on  the  fold 
near  the  middle,  the  other  above  the  anal  angle ;  cilia  grey.  (In  some 
specimens  the  anterior  wings  are  almost  entirely  sutiused  with  black, 
and  the  head,  face,  and  palpi  arc  also  darker.)  Posterior  wings  grey, 
with  paler  cilia. 

Not  scarce  in  June  among  whitc-tliorn ;  the  dark  variety  ap- 
pears exclusively  attached  to  the  apple,  it  is  possible  it  may  be  a 
distinct  species. 

n.  Rhamniella,  Zcll.  [sis,  1839.  p.  m.—hj^h/rcUa,  Dougl. 
Zool.  181(3.  p.  1370.  f.  9.  Alis  anticis  fuscis,  ochreo-variegatis, 
maculis  quatuor  tubcrculatis  nigris,  prima  pliccc  prope  basim,  sccunda 
costcC  ante  medium,  tertia  dorsi  medii,  quarta  supra  angulum  analem. 
Exp.  al.  hi  lin. 

Head  and  face  grey.  Palpi  grey,  terminal  joint  fuscous.  Antenn;c 
fuscous,  annulated  with  whitish.  Anterior  wings  fuscous,  mixed  with 
ochreous,  with  four  tufls  of  black  scales,  one  in  the  fold  near  the  base, 
the  second  on  the  costa  before  the  middle,  the  third  in  the  middle  of 
the  imier  margin,  and  the  fourth  above  the  anal  angle  ;  cilia  grey.  Pos- 
terior wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Ilitlierto  scarce;  has  occurred  at  Sandcrstead  and  Box  Hill, 
among  buckthorn,  in  July. 


Genus  Aail.     CHRYSOGLISTA.    ^-ffi'*^ 

(EcopJiorn  p.,  Lat.  G.  C.  and  1.  iv.  322.  1801.  Ghjplnpteryx  p.. 
Curt. ;   Step.     Tinea  p.,  llaw.     Elacldsta  p.,  Zell. ;  Dup. 

Capilli  kcvigati,  frons  obtusa.  Antenna?  setaceas,  corporis  fere  longi- 
tudine,  articulo  basali  longiusculo,  clavato.  Palpi  labiates  mediocres, 
recurvi,  graciles,  articulo  sccundo  compresso,  tertio  tenuiore  acvito. 
l[aust(;llum  mediocre,  squamatum.  Al;e  longissime  ciliatas,  antcriores 
elongata%  tuhercuVts  riictallicis  ornata>,  posteriores  lanceolata>,  angulo 
anali  distincto  ;  antcriores  :  cellula  discoidalis  posllcc  dUataUi,  inqicr- 
fectc  clausa,  cellula  secundaria  imlicnia ;  vena  apiealis  bifida,  infra 
cam  venic  quatuor;  subilorsalis  in  basi  anguste  furcata,  iu  ajjicc 
subliifida  ;  submediana  siuq)lcx  ;  posteriores:  vena  mcdiana  trilida  ; 
vena  discoidalis  ranios  duos  in  niargiuem  posticum  mittit ;  veua 
apiealis  simplex. 

llcad  smooth,  the  forehead  obtuse.  Antenna?  setaceous,  almost  the 
length  of  the  body,  the  basal  joint  rather  long,  clavate.  Labial  palpi 
of  moderate   length,  recurv(;d,  slender,  the  second  joint   compressed, 


CIIUYSOCLISTA.  341 

the  terminal  joint  thinner,  acute.  Tongue  of  moderate  Icngili,  clothed 
with  scales.  Wings  with  very  long  cilia,  the  anterior  elongate,  adorned 
with  viC'taUic  tiifh,  the  posterior  lanceolate,  with  a  distinct  anal  angle. 
In  the  anterior  wings  the  discoidal  cell  is  posteriori  1/  diUdcd,  imper- 
fectly closed;  the  secondary  cell  is  hidicated ;  the  apical  vein  is  fur- 
cate, and  below  it  are  four  veins ;  the  sidjdorsal  has  a  narrow  fork  at 
the  base,  and  at  its  apex  has  rather  a  tendency  to  become  furcate ;  the 
snbmedian  is  not  thickened ;  in  the  posterior  wings  the  median  vein  is 
tritid,  the  discoidal  vein  sends  two  branches  to  the  hinder  margin,  the 
apical  vein  is  simple. 

The  species  of  this  genus  Jo  not  exhibit  an  entire  accordance : 
in  LinneeUa  the  apex  of  the  subdorsal  vein  of  the  anterior  wings 
is  quite  simple ;  Schrankella  has  no  anal  angle  to  the  posterior 
wings,  and  in  this,  as  also  in  Jlavicapnf,  the  apical  vein  of  the 
posterior  wings  is  connected  with  the  discoidal.  FlavicajnU  is 
besides  (JestUute  af  the  metallic  tufts  of  tlie  anterior  wings. 

The  perfect  insect  of  Lhnieclla  is  rarely  seen  on  the  wing, 
generally  resting  on  the  trunks  of  lime-trees ;  Jlaricapnt  flies 
freely  in  the  afternoon  along  hawthorn  hedges.  The  larva  of 
LinneeUa  feeds  on  the  inner  bark  of  the  lime  during  the  winter 
and  spring  (as  observed  by  j\Ir.  Boyd  and  j\Ir.  W  iug  last  year) ; 
it  has  the  tliird  and  fourth  segments  somewhat  enlarged.  The 
larva  of  Schrankella,  discovered  by  Mr.  Scott,  mines  the  leaves  of 
the  Ejnlobium  alsinefoliiim  in  May. 

The  species  may  be  tabulated  as  follows  : — 

a.  Anterior  wings  orange  and  black. 

h.  Posterior  wings  with  distinct  anal  angle.     Species  1,  2. 

h  h.  Posterior  wings  with  no  anal  angle.     Species  3. 
a  a.  Anterior  wings  entirely  black.     Species  t. 

1.  LinneeUa,  Clcrck,  T.  pi.  xii.  f.  8  (175;») ;  Linn. ;   Fab. ;  Lat. ; 

Curt.  P..  ]•:.  fo.  152  ;  Step. ;  Dup. ;  F.  v.  U.  pi.  88.  f.  ^.—Llmunctla,  Zell.     VM  -  Yli- 
Alls  anticis  saturate  aurantiis,  basi,  costa,  dorsoque  anguste,  apiee  late      q.  i."-  — ^ 
nigris,  punctis  tribus  tuberculatis  argentco-nigris,  prinio  sulxlorsali  ante         ' 
medium,  sccundo  in  medio  subcostali,  tertio  plica  supra  angulum  ana-  (pf  "ST"  ^'^  '-^■^' 
em.     Lxp.  al.  o.^  bn. 

Head  and  face  shining  black.  Palpi  whitish,  the  terminal  joint 
black.  Antennfc  black,  with  white  tips.  Anterior  wings  deep  orange, 
with  the  base,  costa,  aiul  inner  margin  narrowly  black,  and  the  apex 
broadly  black,  thus  leaving;  a  longish  elliptic  patch  of  the  ground- 
colour, into  which  a  short  black  dash  runs  from  the  base  above  the 
fold  ;  along  the  costa  and  at  the  apex  are  unnu!rous  silvery  scales  ; 
there  are  three  round  tufts  of  black  and  silvery  scales,  the  first  near 
the  inner  margin  l)ef()re  the  middle,  the  second  near  the  costa  in  the 
middle,  the  third  in  the  fold  towards  the  anal  angle;  cilia  blackish. 

VOL.  III.  2    J 


242  ELACHISTTD'F. 

Posterior  wings  blackisb-piirple,  with  lilackish  cilia.     (A  variety  occurs 
with  the  orange  of  the  anterior  wings  replaced  by  fuscous.) 

Abundant  in  July  and  August,  on  the  trunks  of  limes  in  St. 
James's  Park,  and  in  many  of  the  suburbs  of  London ;  the  larva 
feeds  under  the  bark  of  the  lime,  during  the  winter  and  spring. 
Specimens  of  the  fuscous  variety  are  in  Mr.  Shepherd's  collection. 

2.  bimaculella,  Haw.  L.  B.  575  (1829);  Step.;  Sta.  Alis 
anticis  nigris,  macula  oblonga  prope  basim  supra  plicam,  macula 
majore  irregulari  pone  medium  a  plica  ad  costara  fere  extensa,  apice  sua 
costam  tancjente,  aurantlls,  macula  secunda  punctis  duobus  tuberculatis 
argcutco-nigris  interne  margiuata,  puncto  tcrtio  supra  plicam  prope 
angulum  aualcm.     Exp.  al.  h\  lin. 

Head  and  face  shining  black.  Palpi  whitish.  Antennae  black,  with 
white  tips.  Anterior  wings  black,  with  an  oblong  orange  spot  near 
the  base,  above  the  fold,  and  a  larger  irregular  one  beyond  the  middle, 
extending  from  the  fold  to  near  the  costa,  its  apex  running  into  the 
coda;  on  the  margin  of  this  spot,  towards  the  base,  are  two  silvery- 
black  tufts,  and  a  similar  tuft  above  the  fold  projects  into  the  orange 
blotch  in  the  middle  of  its  length ;  cilia  blackish.  Posterior  wings 
blackish-purple,  with  blackish  ciha. 

]\lr.  Desvignes  beat  a  specimen  from  a  sallow  at  Black  Park, 
at  the  end  of  June;  Mr.  Doubleday  has  also  a  specimen  taken 
near  London. 

3.  Schrankella,    Iliib.   Tin.    264.   1812;    ^chw'^—locupletella, 
._^        F.  v.  ]l.  pi.  88.  f.  3;  W.  v.?     Alis  anticis  aurantiis,  basi  apiceque 

V'WA'  M  .  nigris,  ipsa  basi  argcntea,  fascia  obliqua  ante  medium  argenteo-grisea, 
macula  nigra  dorsi  mcdii  in  maculani  transversaleni  argenteo-griseam 
C|  tr  ■  exeunte,  macula  costaj  media;  argenteo-grisea,  macula  parva  costali 
'  ante  apicem  albida.     Exp.  al.  5^  lin. 

Head  and  face  blackish.  Palpi  black.  Antennae  black,  with  white 
tips.  Anterior  wings  bright  orange,  with  the  base  and  apex  black ; 
the  extreme  base  rather  silvery ;  the  black  at  the  base  extends  furthest 
along  the  costa,  and  from  it  is  a  silvery-grey  fascia,  which  runs 
obliquely  into  a  black  spot  on  the  middle  of  the  inner  margin,  and 
from  the  hinder  end  of  this  black  spot  a  silvery-grey  blotch  proceeds 
towards  the  costa ;  on  the  costa  about  the  midclle  is  a  silvery-grey 
spot,  and  a  small  whitish  spot  inunediately  before  the  l)lack  apex;  cilia 
blackish.     Posterior  wings  dark  fuscous,  with  paler  cilia. 

Appears  in  July  ?imong  J!J/jilo6ium  ahincfolium ;  occurs  near 
llenfrcw,  and  has  been  taken  in  Devonshire  and  Sussex.  The 
larva  feeds  in  May,  mining  the  leaves  of  the  Epilohium. 

4.  flavicaput.    Haw.   L.   B.    536    (1839);    ^\.(^\).—anrif)-ontella, 
(.pf.yil       Hill).  Tin.  16i»?     Alis  anticis  nigris,  tubcrculis  duobus  nigris,  uuo  in 

„  p  medio  ]iliea;,  altero  pone  medium  ;  capite,  apicibusque  palporum  Jlavis. 

^-^      Exp.  al.  (i-7  lin. 


1 


IIELIODINES.  243 

Head  and  face  Iriglit  ypllow.  Palpi  at  the  base  black,  the  tip  hrUjld 
yelloio.  Anterior  wings  Ijlack,  willi  a  tuft  of  black  scales  in  the  middle 
of  the  fold,  and  a  smaller  tuft  on  the  disc  beyond  the  middle ;  cilia 
black.     Posterior  Avings  dark  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Common  in  June  amoncc  hawthorn. 


Genus  IX.     HELIODINES.  (FP- VU  .    lO"^"^ 

Heliodines,  n.  g.  GmjsoestJua  p.,  Hiib.  CEcophora  p.,  Treit. ; 
Dup.     ElacMsta  p.,  Zell. 

Capilli  lacvigati,  frons  obtusa.  Antennfe  setace.nc,  corporis  fere  longi- 
tudine,  articulo  basali  brcvi,  clavato.  Palpi  labiales  parvi,  crasdus- 
c/di,  acuminati.  Ilaustclkun  mediocre.  Abdomen  crassiuscidum, 
breve.  Ala;  longissime  ciliatcc,  anteriores  clongata?,  melalUce  macu- 
latce,  postcriores  Uneari-lanceolat(B ;  anteriores :  cellula  discoidalis 
postice  ddalata,  vix  clausa ;  cellula  secundaria  7udla ;  vena  apicalis 
furcata,  ramo  altero  in  apicem,  altero  in  marginem  posticum  excunte, 
infra  cam  vena;  quatuor ;  subdorsalis  shiiplex ;  submediana  non  in- 
crassata ;  postcriores :  vena  mediana  trilida ;  vena  discoidalis  sim- 
plex;  vena  apicalis  simplex. 

Head  smooth,  the  forehead  obtuse.  Antenna;  setaceous,  almost  as 
long  as  the  body,  the  basal  joint  sJiort,  clavate.  Labial  palpi  small, 
rat/ier  thick,  acuminate.  Tongue  of  moderate  length.  Abdomen  rather 
thick,  short.  Wings  with  very  long  cilia,  the  anterior  elongate,  with 
metallic  spots,  the  posterior  linear-lanceolate.  In  the  anterior  wings 
the  discoidal  cell  is  expanded  posteriorhj,  and  hardly  closed ;  there  is 
no  secondary  cell ;  the  furcate  apical  vein  terminates  in  the  apex  and 
in  the  hinder  margin,  below  it  are  four  veins;  the  subdorsal  is  simple ; 
the  submcdian  not  thickened ;  in  the  posterior  wings  the  median  vein 
is  trifid,  tlu;  discoidal  vein  is  simple,  and  the  apical  vein  is  simple. 

This  genus  only  contains  a  single  species,  of  which  no  speci- 
mens have  been  taken  in  this  country  for  probably  the  last  thirty 
years.  According  to  tlie  observations  of  Tischer  and  lleegerj  the 
larvse  feed  in  June,  rather  gregariously,  on  Chenopodm^ii,  Atri- 
plex,  etc,  drawing  several  leaves  togctlier  by  a  number  of  silken 
threads ;  the  perfect  insect  appears  in  J  uly,  and  is  frequently  again 
met  with  in  May  after  hybernation. 

It  is  hardly  necessary  to  add  that  tlie  Linncan  habitat,  "in 
Mali  foliis  subcutanca,"  is  founded  on  a  misconception  that  Dc 
(icer^s  figure  of  a  Jjit/ioculletis,  to  which  he  refers,  rt'presents  this 
insect;  subseciuent  authors  have  copied  Liinm:us  in  indicating 
apple  as  the  food  of  the  larva,  without  verifying  his  observation, 
or  noticing  the  evident  cause  of  his  error. 


244  ELACHISTII)/E. 

1.  Roesella,  Linn.  F.  S.  1406  (1761);  Fab.;  Hiib.  Tin.  399, 

400;  Haw.;  Trcit. ;  Step.;  Dup. ;  Heeger  (Isis,  1848).     Alis  anticis 

(PrVn        aurantiis,  macula  olilonga  basali  pvope  costam,  fascia  angulata  ante 

^  * medium,  maculis  tribus  parvis  costaj,  una  majore  dorsi,  argenteis,  fascia 

|,^c,-C  interne  nigro-marginata,  dorso  costaque  inter  maculas  nigro-squamatis. 
Exp.  al.  5  lin. 

Head  and  face  metallic,  dark  fuscous.  Palpi  whitish.  Antennae 
dark  fuscous,  the  extreme  tips  whitish.  Anterior  wings  bright  orange, 
with  an  oblong  silvery  spot  at  the  base  near  the  costa,  and  with  a 
silvery  slightly  angulated  fascia  before  the  middle,  internally  margined 
with  black ;  on  the  costa  arc  three  equidistant  silvery  spots,  graiUially 
diminishing  in  size,  and  nearly  opposite  the  second  is  a  larger  silvery 
spot  on  the  inner  margin ;  along  the  inner  margin  and  costa,  between 
the  spots,  are  some  black  scales  ;  cilia  fuscous,  preceded  by  a  lew  silvery 
scales.     Posterior  wings  fuscous,  with  paler  cilia. 

Old  specimens  of  this  insect  arc  in  tlic  collections  of  Mr. 
Ingall,  Mr.  Allis,  and  the  British  Museum. 


Genus  X.     AHYBIA. 


(Pf.WT. 


r,.-<L. 


Anybia,  n.  g.     Elaclihta  p.,  Zell. 

Capilli  laivcs,  frons  obtusa.  Antenn;e  abdomine  longiores,  setaceae, 
articulo  basali  elongato,  clavato,  crassiusculre.  Palpi  labiales  me- 
diocres,  recurvi,  ai'ticulo  secundo  compresso,  subclavato,  tertio  bre- 
viore  acuto.  Haustellum  mediocre.  Alro  longissime  ciliata),  ante- 
riores  lams,  dorso  non  dentato,  posteriores  lineari-lanccolat;e ; 
anteriores :  vena  apicalis  furcata,  infra  earn  venit;  quinquc  in  mar- 
ginem  posticum  exeuntes ;  vena  subdorsalis  in  basi  lo)Hje  furcata,  in 
apice  non  longe  distat  ab  apice  submcdianie  incrassato ;  posteriores : 
e  cellula  discoidali  vena?  quinquc  subobsolctcU  in  marginem  posticum 
exeunt,  in  costam  una. 

Head  smooth,  the  forehead  obtuse.  Antenncie  longer  than  the  ab- 
domen, setaceous,  rather  thick,  the  basal  joint  elongate,  clavate. 
Labial  palpi  of  moderate  hiuglh,  recurved,  the  second  joint  com- 
pressed, subclavate,  the  third  joint  shorter,  pointed.  Tongue  of  mo- 
derate length.  "Wings  with  very  long  cilia,  the  anterior  smoolU,  with 
no  projections  from  tlie  inner  margin ;  the  posterior  linear-lanceolate. 
In  the  anterior  wings  the  apical  vein  is  furcate,  below  it  live  veins  run 
into  the  hinder  margin  ;  the  subdorsal  vein  has  a  long  fork  towards  the 
l)ase,  its  apex  is  not  far  distant  from  the  thickened  apex  of  the  sub- 
median  v(!in  ;  in  the  posterior  wings  live  rather  obsolete  veins  proceed 
from  the  discoidal  cell  to  the  hinder  nuu'gin,  one  to  the  costa. 

This  genus  at  present  only  contains  a  single  species,  which 
is  extremely  scarce  in  this  country,  and  consecjuently  we  know 


ASYCIINA.  245 

nothing  of  its  habits.  Schliigcr  says  of  it,  "The  larva  mines  the 
leaves  of  E/jilobium  hirmtum,  occurring  at  the  same  time  as  F.p'i- 
lohiella.  The  perfect  insect  appears  at  the  end  of  July  and  in 
August :  it  is  uncommoidy  abundant,  since  there  are  often  from 
thirty  to  forty  larv;e  on  one  plant." 

1.  langiella,  lliib.  Tin.  IS?  (ISOl);  Zell. ;  Schliigcr,  I?ericlit. 
1847;  Treit.? — niveipnncteUa,  Sta.  Alis  anticis  nitidis  orichalccis, 
macula  transversa  supra  pllcam,  pone  medium  n'wea.     Exp.  al.  t.}  lin. 

Head  l)ronze.     "Face  white.     Palpi,  the  second  joint  white,  the  tcr-       ,    a  c 
minal  joint  black.     Antenme  dark  fuscous.     Anterior  wings  shining         ' 
bronze,  with  a  transverse  snow-ichiie  spot  above  the  fold,  beyond  the 
middle ;  between  this  and  the  base  are  a  few  white  scales  in  the  told, 
and  a  few  others  lie  between  it  and  the  apex  of  the  wing  ;  cilia  brou/.y- 
grey.     Posterior  wings  bronzy-grey,  with  grey  cilia. 

A  specimen  is  in  Mr.  JSliepherd's  collection,  and  one  in  the  col- 
lection of  the  British  Museum. 


(Pf.\m 


Genus  XI.     ASYCHNA.    ^^-  ^     ^ 

AsYCHNA,  n.  g.     Elachista  p.,  Zell. 

Ca])illi  Ircves.  Antennaj  sctacca';,  articulo  basali  elongato,  elavato. 
Palpi  labiales  mediocres,  eurvi,  articulo  sccundo  comprcsso,  tertio 
breviore  acuto.  Haustellum  mediocre,  scpiaraatum.  Ala)  loiigissimc 
ciliata),  anteriores  imicolores,  metallica;,  angusta^,  posteriores  liiic;u-i- 
lanceolattc.  Anteriores  :  vena  apicalis  furcata,  supra  et  infra  apiceni 
exit,  infra  earn  vente  duse,  cellula  discoidalis  posticc  dilatata ;  suh- 
dorsalis  furcata,  furca  imperfecta  ;  subraediana  non  iucrassata  ;  pos- 
teriores :  venfe  mediana)  rami  tres,  obsoleti,  vena  discoidalis  simplex, 
ajiicalis  simplex. 

Head  smooth.  Anteiuia^  setaceous,  tlu^  hasal  joint  elongate,  clavatc. 
].al)ial  i)alpi  of  moderate  length,  curved,  the  second  joint  compressed, 
the  third  joint  shorter,  acute.  Tongue  of  moderate  lengtli,  clothed 
with  scales.  Wings  with  very  long  cilia,  the  anterior  nnicoloroits,  me- 
tallic, narrow,  the  posterior  linear-lanceolate.  In  the  anterior  wings 
the  furcate  apical  vein  runs  out  al)ove  and  below  the  apex,  below  it  are 
two  veins ;  the  discoidal  cell  is  dilated  posteriorly,  the  subdorsal  vein 
is  furcate,  but  the  lower  branch  of  the  fork  is  al)breviatcd,  the  sub- 
mediau  is  not  thickened  ;  in  the  posterior  wings  the  median  vein  has 
three  obsolete  branches,  the  discoidal  and  apical  veins  are  simple. 

Of  the  four  species  I  have  placed  in  this  genus,  the  lirst  two 
only  really  belong  here,  the  other  two  showing  several  discre- 
pancies; I  was  unwilling  to  nudtiply  the  genera  here  to  so  great 
an  extcid  as  the  formation  of  separate  genera  for  niraldla  and 


^.W\ 


246  ELACHISTID.i:. 

terminella  would  have  required.  At  some  future  period  tlie  dis- 
covery of  otlier  species  perfectly  agreeing  with  them  in  structure 
would  render  the  construction  of  independent  genera  necessary. 
In  (Eratdla  the  palpi  are  short,  thick,  and  drooping,  the  antennae 
short  and  thick,  and  in  the  anterior  wings  the  discoidal  cell  is  not 
closed.  In  terminella  the  palpi  are  acute,  filiform,  ascending,  the 
antennae  are  rather  thick,  and  the  anterior  wings  are  not  unico- 
lorous,  but  adorned  with  metallic  spots. 

None  of  the  larvae  of  these  species  are  known,  and,  excepting 
modestella,  all  the  species  are  extremely  rare. 

1.  modestella,  Dup.  L.  F.  xi.  347.  pi.  299.  f.  8  (1838);  Sta. 
— &plendi(ltlla,  Licnig. — serratella,  Step.  ?  Alis  anticis  dilute  viridi- 
seneis,    unicoloribus ;    posticis   fusco-griseis,    ochreo-ciliatis.     Exp.  al. 

c.-^      5-5tV  lin. 

Head  and  face  dark  bronzy-green.  Palpi  whitish,  terminal  joint 
fuscous.  Antennae  fuscous,  the  tips  whitish.  Anterior  wings  unico- 
lorous,  ]Mle  In-ouzy-green,  with  greyish-yeUow  cilia.  Posterior  wings 
greyish-fuscous,  with  ochreous  cilia. 

Common  in  May,  in  mixed  hedges  among  oaks;  frequently 
found  resting  on  the  flowers  of  Stellaria  holostea. 

2.  fuscociliella,  Sta.  Ent.  Trans,  i.  n.  s.  25  (1850). — ceratella, 
Sta.  Cat.  Alis  anticis  viridi-acneis,  unicoloribus  ;  posticis  fusco-griseis, 
fuscesccnte-ciliatis.     Exp.  al.  41  lin. 

Head  and  face  dark  bronzy-green.  Palpi  whitish,  the  tip  of  the  ter- 
minal joint  darker.  Antenna3  fuscous,  the  tips  white.  Anterior  wings 
unicolorous,  bronzy-green  ;  cilia  greenish-grey.  Posterior  wings  greyish- 
fuscous,  with  pale  fuscous  cilia. 

Occurs  near  Bristol,  on  Durdham  Downs,  in  May  and  June. 

3.  seratella,  Zell.  Isis,  1839.  p.  1\1.—metallella,  Step.?  Alis 
anticis  saturate  viridi-;\3neis,  autenuis  fuscis,  hrevibus.    Exp.  al.  4|^  lin. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  dark  bronzy-green.  Antennae  dark  fuscous, 
tittle  more  than  half  the  loigth  of  tlte  anterior  wii/ffs.  Anterior  wings 
dark  bronzy-green,  somewhat  iridescent ;  cilia  fuscous.  Posterior  wings 
grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Appears  in  June  and  July,  among  flowers  on  the  borders  of 
coru-llclds ;  has  occurred  at  llipley  and  near  Eeigate. 

4.  terminella  (l^ale).  Hump,  and  West.  B.  M.  ii.  21G  (pi.  113. 
f.  11?)  (1845). — patriciclla,  Sta.  Alis  anticis  metallice  brunneis,  vel 
saturate  croceis,  striga  basali  argentea  [)er  dorsum  producta,  dcindc 
costam  versus  reflcxa,  punctis  tribus  plic;c,  duobus  disci  argenteis,  ma- 
cula argenteo-alba  coslali  ante  apicera,  squamis  argenteis  ad  angulum 
aual(!iu  ;  antennis  brevibus,  fuscis,  apiec  albo.     Exj).  al.  4  lin. 

}\vm\  dark  bronze.  Pace  silvery.  Palpi  whitish,  terminal  joint  pale 
fuscous.     Antcnnic  short,  dark  fuscous,  the  tips  white.    Anterior  wings 


CIIRVSOCOKYS.  217 

rich  metallic  brown,  or  very  dark  saflVon,  with  a  silvery  mark  at  the 
base,  extending  a  short  distance  along  the  inner  margin,  and  then 
turning  np  towards  the  costa ;  beyond  are  three  silvery  spots  on  the 
fold  and  two  on  the  disc ;  a  silvery  white  spot  is  on  the  costa  before 
the  apex ;  at  the  anal  angle  are  also  some  silvery  scales ;  cilia  fuscous. 
Posterior  wings  fuscous,  with  paler  cilia. 

This  beautiful  species  is  a  great  rarity ;  Mi\  Dale  met  witli  it 
in  Dorsetshire,  Mr.  AVeir  in  Sussex,  and  Mr.  Allen  Hill  ncir 
Bristol;  it  appears  in  June  and  July,  in  moist  places  among 
alders. 


Genus  XII.     CHRYSOCORYS.  (K  VUl     - 

CuRYSOCOKYS,  Curt.  Ent.   Mag.   i.  191   (1833);   Id.  B.  E. ;   Step. 
Schrecki'iisU'inia,  lliib.  V.     YAaclmta  p.,  Zell. 

Capilli  liTivigati,  frons  convexa.     Antennae  abdoniine  vix  longiores,  sc- 
taceaj,  articulo  basali  hrcm,  crassiuscuUe.     Paljii  labiales  mediocres, 
subcurvi,  tennes,  acuti,  articuli  secundi  apice  pilis  parnni  incrassato, 
tertio  longitudine  subanpudi.     Haustellum  mediocre,  nudum.     Al:c 
longc  eiliata?,  anteriores  angustrc,  coda  suhretusa,  ante  apkx'ni  con- 
vexa, posteriores  lanceolataD.     Anteriores  :  cellula  discoidalis  posticc 
dilatata,  truncata  ;  vena  apicalis  simplex,  infra  eam  venti)  sex  in  mar- 
ginem  posticum ;  subdorsalis  simplex  paulo  post  medium  dorsl  exit ; 
submediana  non  incrassata ;  posteriores :  cellula  costalis  longissima, 
angnstissiraa,  vena3  in  dorsum  sex,  quarum  tres  e  celluL'e  tcrmino. 
Head  smooth,  the  forehead  convex.     Antennre  hardly  longer  than 
the   abdomen,    setaceous,    rather   thick,   with    the   basal  joint   short. 
Tongue  of  moderate  length,  naked.     Labial  palpi  moderately  long, 
rather  curved,  slender,  pointed,  the  apex  of  the  second  joint  slightly 
thickened  with  hairs,  the  third  joint  nearly  of  equal  length.     AVings 
with  long  cilia,  the  anterior  narrow,  the  costa  almost  retuse,  convex 
before  the  apex ;  the  posterior  lanceolate.     In  the  anterior  wings  the 
diseoidal  cell  is  dilated  posteriorly  and  truncate ;  the  apical  vein  is 
simple,  below  it  are  six  veins  to  the  hinder  margin ;  the  subdorsal  is 
simple,  terminating  a  little  beyond  the  middle  of  the  inner  margin  ;  the 
submedian  is  not  thickened ;  in  the  posterior  wings  the  costal  cell  is 
very  long  and  extremely  narrow,  six  veins  run  into  the  hinder  margin, 
of  which  three  from  the  end  of  the  cell. 

This  genus  only  contaius  one  species,  which  has  a  peculiar 
jerking  lliglit,  as  it  were,  ho])ping  on  the  wing,  lliibner  has 
figured  a  larva  and  pupa  as  of  this  species ;  but  tliough  his  figures 
have  been  on  several  occasions  copied,  no  subsequent  writer  has 
verified  his  observations,  and  consc(|uently  it  is  hardly  safe  to 
conclude  that  the  larva  and  pupa  are  really  as  singular  as  he  has 


a-e 


^y^-^ 


248  elachistid.t:. 

represented  them.  The  perfect  insect  appears  rather  attached  to 
brambles;  and  if  the  bristly  larva  feeds  under  the  leaves  of  the 
bramble,  as  Hiibner  has  represented  it,  there  should  be  no  diffi- 
culty in  re-discovering  it. 

1.  festaliella,  Hiib.  Tin.  449  (1822);  Treit.  ;  Zell. ;  Sta. ; 
Dup.  ?^ — scisscdla.  Haw. — scissella.  Curt.  B.  E.  fo.  663. — nnr/ustipen- 
nella.  Step. — Montandonella,  Dup,  Alis  auticis  flavido-a3iieis,  costa 
fusca,  linea  a  basi  per  plicam  et  marginem  posticum  ducta,  hnea  altera 
disci  ad  apicem  producta,  in  medio  valdc  incrassata,  saturate  fuscis. 
Exp.  al.  6  lin. 

Head  and  face  bronzy-grccn.  Palpi  and  antennaj  fuscous.  An- 
terior wings  bronzy  yellowish-green,  with  the  costa  fuscous,  a  dark 
fuscous  line  runs  from  the  base  along  the  fold  and  hinder  margin,  and 
another  dark  fuscous  line  begins  on  the  disc,  not  far  from  the  base, 
and  is  continued  to  tlie  apex  of  the  wing,  in  the  middle  of  its  length  it 
is  nnich  thickened  ;  cilia  pale  fuscous.  Posterior  wings  greyish-fuscous, 
with  paler  cilia. 

Comnion  in  many  places,  in  May  and  June,  among  brambles. 


Genus  Xni.     ELACHISTA.    (K^^E.5 

Elacldsta  p.,  Treit.  E.  S.  ix.  2.  177  (1S33)  ;  Dup.;  Zcll.  Porrcc- 
laria  p.  tiTuiea  p.,  Haw.  Mlcrosella  p.,  Aphelufsetia  p.,  et  Ainanro- 
setia  p.,  Step. 

Capilli  laivigati,  frons  obtusa.  Antenna)  setacca?,  crassiuscula^  sub- 
serralcC,  subcompressa?,  articulo  basali  breviusculo,  incrassato.  Ilaus- 
tellura  mediocre.  Palpi  labiales  breviusculi  vcl  mediocres,  subai'- 
cuati,  articulo  secundo  nonnihil  crassiore,  tertio  acuto.  Ala;  longis- 
simc  ciliatiie,  anteriores  posUce  cUils  ampllaUe,  posteriorcs  lincari- 
lanccolata;.  Anteriores :  cellula  discoidalis  acuminata,  venas  ihias 
vcl  ires  in  costam,  unani  ex  apice  irijidam  vel  blfhlam,  ires  vol  dims 
in  marginem  posticum  mittit ;  subdorsalis  sbuplex ;  submcdiana) 
n])ex  incrassatus ;  posteriorcs ;  vcufc  mediaua  et  discoidalis  dis- 
tincta;. 

Head  smooth  ;  the  forehead  obtuse.  Antcnn:c  setaceous,  rather  thick, 
slightly  serrate,  and  somewhat  compressed ;  the  basal  joint  thickened 
and  rather  short.  Tongue  of  moderate  length.  Labial  palpi  rather  short, 
or  of  moderate  length,  slightly  curved  ;  tlie  second  joint  a  litth;  thicker; 
the  terminal  joint  acute.  Wings  with  very  long  cilia,  the  anterior  ap- 
jwarbiy  from  the  cilia  lo  be  dilaled  poderiorhj,  the  posterior  linear- 
lanceolate.  In  the  anterior  wings  the  acuminate  discoidal  cell  sends 
two  or  three  veins  to  the  costa,  a  trifid  or  bifid  vein  from  its  apex,  and 
tliree  or  boo  veins  to  the  hinder  margin  ;  the  subdorsal  vein  is  simple ; 
the  apex  of  the  submedian  is  thickened  (in  a  f(>w  cases  it  is  not  thick- 


F.LACIITSTA.  219 

onc(l) ;  in  tlio  posterior  wings  the  median  and  diseoidal  veins  are  dis- 
tinct. 

From  the  variation  in  the  neural  ion  of  the  anterior  wings,  as 
above  inenticnied,  it  is  extremely  probable  that,  natural  as  this 
genus  at  first  sight  appears,  it  may  hereafter  be  capable  of  sub- 
division. The  ])erfcct  inseets  are  not  unfre([uently  met  with  in 
little  swarms,  being  actively  on  the  wing  during  the  afternoon  or 
evening;  when  at  rest  they  sit  vei-y  closely  a])pressed  to  the  leaf, 
blade  of  glass,  or  other  substance  on  which  they  happen  to  repose, 
and  appear  perfectly  sluggish;  but  the  moment  the  collector  in 
attempting  to  catch  the  inert  s])ecimen  agitates  the  foliage,  or 
breathes  too  roughly  on  its  resting-plac(>,  quickly  the  antenu.e, 
which  had  lain  cove'jiant  by  the  side  of  the  insect,  start  forward, 
are  briskly  agitated,  and  the  insect,  now  completely  roused  from 
its  seeming  torpor,  runs  forward,  sj)rea(ls  its  wings,  and  is — gone. 
"  Vfe  think  we  have  it,  but  yet  we  have  it  not."  Most  of  the 
species  appear  to  Ije  double-brooded,  ap])earing  in  May  and  Au- 
gust; some,  which  we  only  meet  with  in  June  or  'luly,  have  pro- 
bably only  a  single  brood  in  the  year ;  yet  of  the  double-brooded 
s])ecies  the  xiugust  brood  seems  far  less  numerous  than  the  ]\fay 
brood,  wdiich  is  no  doubt  owing  to  the  ])erfect  insects  keeping 
themselves  more  concealed,  as  we  have  observed  to  be  the  case  in 
other  late-appearing  species. 

The  fortunate  discovery  by  Wx.  Logan  of  the  lai'va  of  one  of 
the  species,  has  already  led  to  the  discovery  of  a  considerable 
number;  no  less  than  eighteen  diU'ereut  larva;  having  been  al- 
ready distinguished,  several  of  which  have  been  reared.  From 
these  we  Inid  that  the  habit  of  the  larva;  of  this  genus  is  to  mine 
in  the  leaves,  and  down  the  stems  of  grass;  but  there  is  consider- 
able diversity  in  the  mode  of  mining,  some  species  remaining  al- 
ways at  the  top  of  the  leaf,  others  descending  down  the  stem  to- 
wards the  root ;  in  the  mines  of  some  speci(!s  the  leaf  remains 
flat,  in  others  it  has  an  inllatcd  or  puckered  ap[)earance.  The 
larva;  of  the  May  brood  may  be  found  throughout  the  winter  and 
early  spring;  the  larva;  of  those  species  which  do  not  appear  in 
the  perfect  state  till  June  or  'Inly,  may  be  met  with  in  April  and 
May;  the  larvae  of  the  August  brood,  feeding  up  at  the  end  of 
June,  arc  less  (-asily  observed,  from  the  geiu;ral  luxiu'iancc  of  ve- 
getation at  the  time.  The  larva  when  full-fed  cpiits  the  mine 
and  changes  to  a  naked,  rather  angulated  pupa,  on  the  stem  or 
leaf  of  grass,  or  some  neighbouring  plant;  a  belt  of  silk  is  gene- 
rally placed  round  the  middle  (jf  the  pupa,  which  is  also  attached 
by  its  tail,  but  no  outer  covering  of  silk  is  made  by  any  of  the 

vor..  HI.  2  K 


250  F.LAomsTin.'E. 

species  we  have  yet  observed,  exccjiting  E.  rvfocinerea ,  of  wliich, 
tliougli  the  larva  has  not  been  found,  the  pupa  has  on  several 
occasions  been  met  with  and  reared. 

The  sjiecies  of  this  genus  are  extremely  numerous,  and  forty 
are  already  known  as  British,  which  may  be  arranged  in  the  fol- 
lowing tafjle : — 
a.  Anterior  wings  dark  l)vowu  or  black,  with  sharp  metallic  fascice  and 

spots.     Species  1-5. 
n  a.  Anterior  wings  dark  brown  or  black,  witli  a  distinct  pale  fascia 

and  spots.     Species  G-11. 
a  a  (I.  Anterior  wings  grey  or  black,  with  an  indistinct  pale  fiiscia  and 

spots,  or  with  spots  only.     Species  13-21. 
a  a  a  a.  Anterior  wings  dark  fuscous  or  l)lack,  with  a  single  distinct 

white,  whitish,  or  yellowish  fascia. 

h.  Head  dark.     Species  22-24. 

h  h.  Head  pale.     Species  25-28. 
a  a  a  a  a.  Anterior  wings  white  or  grey,  with  a  distinct  dark  spot  on 

the  ibid  in  the  middle.     Species  2'J-33. 
a  a  a  a  a  a.  Anterior  wings   white,   with    a    few   distinct    dark   spots. 

S])ccies  34,  35. 
a  a  a  a  a  a  a.  Anterior    wings   white  or  whitish,  irrorated  with   dark 

atoms.     Species  36-38. 
a  a  a  a  a  a  a  a.  Anterior  wings  unicolorous.     Species  39,  40. 

1.  Pfeiiferella,  Iliib.  Tin.  398  (181G);  Step.;  Zell. ;  Sta.— 
qi(ailri[/utlclla,  Haw.  Alls  anticis  nitidis  aureo-brunneis,  fascia  angu- 
lata  ante  medium,  macidis  duabus  suhopjjosUls  triangularibns  pone  me- 
dium nitidis  aureis.     Exp.  al.  4  lin. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  golden-brown.  Antennae  fuscous.  Anterior 
wings  glossy  golden-brown,  with  a  slender  angulated  bright  golden 
fascia  before  the  middle,  nearest  to  the  base  on  the  inner  margin ;  be- 
yond the  middle  is  a  triangular  golden  spot  on  the  inner  margin,  and 
iwnrhj  opposite  to  it,  but  placed  a  little  posteriorly,  is  a  larger  spot  of 
the  same  colour  on  the  costa ;  cilia  golden-brown,  at  the  extreme  a]iex 
grey.     Posterior  wings  greyish-piu'ple,  with  grey  cilia. 

Not  uncommon  in  many  localities  in  May;  it  seems  rather 
partial  to  a  chalky  soil,  yet  I  have  found  it  on  clay. 

2.  Treitschkiella,  V.  v.  11.  297.  pi.  1 00.  f.  4  (1 843) ;  Sta.;  Dap.? 
Alis  anticis  nitidis  aureo-])runneis,  fascia  arcnata  ante  medium,  macula 
triangvdari  dorsali  pone  medium,  macula  triangulari  costali  posteriore, 
niti(Us  aureis.     Exp.  al.  3  lin. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  golden-brown.  Antcnmc  fuscous  (annulaicd 
witli  whitish?).  Anterior  wings  shining  golden-brown,  with  a  slender, 
slightly  curved,  pale  golden  fascia  before  the  middle,  nearest  the  ])asc 
on  the  inner  margin  ;  beyond  the  michllc  is  a  triangular  pale  golden 
s]iot  on  the  inner  margin,  and  heyond  it  is  a  costal  spot,  nearly  triau- 


KLACIIIS'I'A.  :1'A 

giilar,  of  tlic  same  colour;  cilia  g-oldcii-brown.      I'ostciior  wings  grey- 
ish-fuscous, with  paler  cilia. 

The  j)crfcct  insect  appears  in  May,  aiul  was  tliouglit  to  (re- 
fluent the  dog-wood.  Two  old  specimens  of  this  insect  are  in 
Mr.  Doubleday's  collection. 

3.  Gleichenella,  Fab.  S.  I.  ii.  303.  81  (riS\).—GleicMla,  Fab. 
E.  S. ;  Haw.  ;  Step. ;  Sta. — trifasciella,  Tengstr.  Alis  autieis  hrunneo- 
n'igris,  kisi,  fascia  recta  in  medio,  fancia  aiKjidula  ante  ajncem  nitidis, 
an/'i'/s ;   antemiis  fuscis.     Exp.  al.  3o  lin. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  bronzy.  Antenme  fuscous.  Anterior  wings 
liro7i-n-black\  the  ham  bnijht  golden,  u  bright  gohlen,  nearly  straight 
I'ascia  in  the  middle,  and  a  hr'ujld  golden,  angnluted  faacia  before  the 
apex,  composed,  as  it  were,  of  two  opposite  spots  united  by  a  third  spot 
beyond  tJieni  on  the  disc ;  cilia  fuscous.  Posterior  wings  grey,  with 
paler  cilia. 

Not  uncommon  in  June  and  July,  flying  over  the  short  grass, 
under  the  shelter  of  furze-bushes,  etc. ;  it  occurs  at  Dartford 
Heath,  at  ]\lickleham,  and  iiear  Bristol. 

4.  Brunnichella,  Linn.  S.  N.  (12),  S98.  448  {\l(jl).—magni- 
Jicella,  Zell. ;  Sta.  Alis  anticis  anreo-brtmneis,  fascia  cuprea  prope  ba- 
siin,  fascia  recta  in  medio,  -ij/acida  transversa  dorsi  ad  angulum  analom, 
macula  posteriore  cosl<e  ohliqua,  auratis ;  antcnnis  fuscis,  ante  apicem 
albis.     Exp.  al.  3-3.2  b"- 

Head,  face,  and  paljji  bronzy-fuscous.  Antennte  dark  fuscous,  mth 
a  broad  white  ring  before  the  apex.  Anterior  wings  golden-bro/cn,  close 
to  the  base  is  a  coppery  fascia  ;  in  the  middle  is  a  straight  golden  fascia; 
at  the  anal  angle  is  a  triangular  goldoi  spot  reaching  half  across  the 
wing,  and  beyond  it  on  the  costa  is  an  oblique  golden  spot,  pointing  in- 
n-ards,  but  not  reaching  the  apex  of  the  dorsal  spot;  cilia  greyish- 
brow  ii.     Posterior  wings  grey,  with  grey  cilia. 

This  pretty  species  has  been  frequently  taken  by  J\ir.  Douglas, 
in  tlic  hilly  licld  at  llcadley  Lane,  by  sweeping;  it  appears  to  be 
douljlc-brooded,  having  occurred  in  lifay  and  August. 

.5.  magnificella,  ^JY^ngstr.  I'.  V.-V.  1 17  {\^\l).—regifiadla.  Sir- 
corn,  Zool.  ISty.  App.  xbi.  Alis  anticis  aurco-brunueis,  fascia  recta 
argentea  prope  basim,  macula  transversali  iitrinqne  abbreviata  in  medio, 
macula  tenni  transversa  dorsi  pone  mediuu),  iniu'ula  transversa  costic 
posteriore,  argcntcis.     Exp.  al.  !•  lin. 

Head  and  face  fuscous.  Palpi  whitish.  Antennae  fuscous.  Ante- 
rior wings  golden-brown,  with  a  silvery  fascia  near  the  base,  a  transverse 
silvery  spot  m  the  middle,  not  reaching  either  margin ;  at  the  anal  angle 
is  a  narrow  silvery  spot  reaching  half  across  the  wing,  and  beyond  it  on 
the  costa  is  another  silvery  spot  also  reaching  half  across  the  wing ; 
cilia  fuscous.      Posterior  wings  brown-grey,  with  paler  cilia. 


252  ELACHISTIU.E. 

Taken  nt  tlie  end  of  July  and  beginning  of  August^  by  Mr. 
Sircom  and  Mr.  Vauglian,  at  Brislington,  near  Bristol. 

C.  apicipunctella,  Sta.  Cat.  p.  26  (1849).  Alls  anticis  nigris 
fascia  obliqua  ante  medium,  maculis(|uc  duabus  oppositis,  cum  tertia 
aj)icaH  sape  conncxls,  argcuteo-albis  (  $  alls  auticis  atris,  fascia  macu- 
lis(|ue  argcnteis,  basi  etiam  argeutea) ;  capite  cum  palpis  argenteo- 
albo.     Exp.  al.  4— i-Tj  lin. 

Head,  lace,  and  palpi  silvery-wbite.  Antennee  fuscous,  the  tips 
whitish.  Anterior  wings  blackish,  with  an  oblique  silvery-white  fascia 
before  tlic  middle  (nearest  the  base  of  the  wing  on  the  costa  where  it 
is  broadest) ;  beyond  the  middle  are  two  silvery  white  spots,  one  on 
the  inner  margin  and  one  rather  posterior  on  the  costa ;  yyond  them 
lies  a  tJdrd  spot  on  the  apex  of  the  wukj,  hy  which  they  are  frequently 
wiited  into  an  anyulatcd  fascia ;  cilia  dark  grey,  with  black  hinder  mar- 
ginal bne.  (In  the  female  the  anterior  wings  are  black,  the  silvery 
markings  brighter,  and  the  extreme  base  of  the  wing  is  also  silvery.) 
Posterior  wings  grey,  with  grey  cilia. 

Common  on  mosses^  or  bogs,  in  the  south  of  Scotland,  in 
J  une. 

7.  alMfrontella,  Iliib.  Tin.  432  (ISIG);  ZelL  ;  Sta.;  Step.?— 
(juadrella,  Haw.  ;  Slop.  Alls  anticis  nigris,  fascia  fere  recta  ante  me- 
dium ((^  sfcpe  interrupta),  maculis  duabus  suboppositis  ante  apiceni, 
costali  posteriorc  aryenteo-ulbis ;  ca])ite,  cum  i)alpis,  aryeuteo-albo.  Exp. 
al.  4-4.}  bn. 

Head,  I'ace,  and  palpi  silcery-white.  Antcnn;c  dark  fuscous.  Ante- 
rior wiiigs  brown-black,  with  a  slightly  obli(|UC  silcery-white  fascia  be- 
fore tiie  middle,  nearest  the  base  of  the  wing  on  the  costa  (in  the  (J 
this  is  generally  interrupted  on  the  fold) ;  on  the  inner  margin  at  the 
anal  angle  is  a  silvery-ichite  triangular  spot,  and  beyond  it  on  the  costa 
is  a  similar  larger  one ;  cilia  grey,  with  some  black  scales.  Posterior 
wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Very  common  in  woods  in  June.  The  hrrva  was  found  by  Mr. 
Scott,  last  May,  feeding  in  the  upper  part  of  the  leaves  of  Aira 
ca'Spltosa. 

8.  Hioldenella,  Edleston  in  lit.  Alls  anlieis  griseo-iiigris,  postice 
saturatioribus,  fascia  oblicjua  ante  medium,  macuhupu;  triangulari  ad 
auguhnn  analem,  albidis,  wacnJa  costali  ante  apicem  qiiadrata,  alba; 
capite  griseo,  palpis  all)i(lis.     Exp.  al.  5  lin. 

Head  and  face  grey.  Palpi  whitish.  Autenme  fuscous,  with  paler 
annulatious.  Anterior  wings  greyish-black,  darker  towards  the  apex ; 
a  little  before  the  middle  is  an  oblique  whitish  fascia  nearest  the  base 
of  the  wing  on  the  costa;  at  the  anal  angle  is  a  triangular  whitish 
spot,  and  beyond  it  on  the  costa  is  a  more  distinct  whiter  spot,  which  is 
not  trianyular,  its  apex  beintj  truncate ;  cilia  i)ale  grey.  I'ostcrior  wings 
grey,  with  paler  cilia. 


i;i>ACHisTA.  253 

111  Mr.  Edlcston's  collection,  is  a  single  specimen,  taken  near 
Loudon. 

9.  atricomella,  Sta.  Cat.  p.  25  (1S49). —  ?  aliendla,  Sta. — exi- 
f/iieUa,  Step.?  A  lis  aiitieis  iiigris, /rtsc/«  inlcrriipta  aiigulala  ante  mo- 
diuni,  niaculis  diiabus  suboppositis,  costali  postcriovc,  ante  apiccin  al- 
bidis ;  capite  n'ujro,  j)alpis  griseis.  ( ?  alls  anticis  ad  basim  griseis, 
postice  griseo-iiigris, /fl.s'cirt  obliqua  ante  riiedimn,  viacidisqHe  duabus  tri- 
augularibus  suboppositbi  anle  apiccm  albis ;  capite  f/rineo,  palpis  albidis.) 
Exp.  al.  -li-S  liii. 

Head  (jreyhh-hlnck .  Face  antl  palpi  grey.  Autcmia!  dark  grey. 
Anterior  wings  greyish-black,  with  an  interrupted  stiijltHy  angulated 
fascia  before  the  middle,  and  two  opposite  spots  towards  the  apex 
whitish ;  the  fascia  being  nearer  the  base  of  the  wing  on  the  costa,  and 
the  costal  spot  being  posterior  to  the  dorsal  spot,  and  also  larger ;  cilia 
grey,  with  some  blackish  scales.  Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 
(In  the  female  the  head  is  dark  <jrey,  the  face  and  palpi  whitisli  ;  the 
anterior  wings  are  grey  at  the  base,  j)osteriorly  greyish-black ;  before 
the  nnddle  is  a  wldte,  HtUjhtty  oblique  fa>icia,  and  towards  the  a])ex  arc 
two  triancjular  white,  nearly  opposite  spots.) 

Occurs  near  Loudon,  not  uncommonly,  at  the  end  of  May  and 
in  June,  in  hedges  and  on  palings.  The  larva  feeds  at  the  be- 
ginning of  ]\LaY,  on  JJacfi/lls  (/lomerata,  mining  down  the  leaves, 
and  then  down  the  stem. 

10.  luticomella,  Zell.  Isis,  1839.  p.  212  ;  Sta.— ffuttetla,  J  law.? 
Step.?  Ahs  anticis  bruuneis,  fascia  ante  medium  {^  angnsta,  $  lata) 
maculis  duabus  oppositis  (  ?  majoribus)  ante  apicem  Jtacidis ;  capite, 
cum  i)alpis,  Inleo.     Exp.  al.  4-|-5  lin. 

Head,  face,  and  paljji  yellow.  Antenmc  fuscous.  Anterior  wings 
brown,  with  a  yeltowisli  fascia  before  the  middle  (narrow  and  slightly 
curved  in  the  male,  broad  and  straight  in  the  female),  and  two  yellow- 
ish nearly  Ojiposite  spots  towards  the  apex  (these  spots  are  small  in  the 
mal(!,  larger  and  triangular  in  the  female) ;  cilia  greyish-brown.  I'os- 
terior  wings  brownish-grey,  with  grey  cilia. 

Not  unconnnon  in  many  localities  at  the  end  of  June  and 
beginning  of  July.  The  larva  feeds  on  JJadi/lis  i/lomerala  in 
May,  and  the  perfect  insect  has  been  reared  by  Mr,  Logan  and 
Mr.  Scott;  the  former  jjromises  drawings  of  its  transformations 
in  his  forthcoming  'Illustrations  of  Scottish  Lepidoptera.' 

11.  Kilmunella,  Sta.  Cat.  p.  2;")  (18  li)).  Alis  anticis  saturate 
obscure  griseis,  fascia  recta  alba  ante  medium,  vuiciitis  ante  apicem 
duabus  in  fasciam  sape  connexis  albis  (  $  basi  tota  allja,  sub  costa  tan- 
tum  cinerea)  ;  cajiite,  cum  palpis,  saturate  (jriseo.      Kxj).  al.  4^-5  lin. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  dark  grey.  Antenna;  dark  grey.  Anterior 
wings  dingy  dark  grey,  with  a  nearly  straiykt  v'ltite  J'aseia  in  tlu;  mid- 
dle, and  two  nearly  oj)posite  white  spots  before  the  apex,  frequently  united 


254  .  ELACHISTID.E. 

into  a  fascia ;  cilia  grey,  nt  the  apex  whitish.  (In  the  female  the  en- 
tire base  of  the  wing  is  white,  with  the  exception  of  a  grey  streak  along 
the  costa.)     Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Common  on  bogs  and  metises  in  June  mid  Jnly;  on  tlie  snm- 
mit  of  the  hill  above  Kilmnn  it  is  extremely  plentiful^  flying  freely 
in  the  afteruoonj  threading  its  way  between  the  stems  of  grass  or 
rushes,  and  occasionally  settling  for  an  instant. 

12.  alpinella,  Edleston  in  lit.  Alis  anticis  fuscis,  macnlis  tribus 
imUstbictis  albidis,  una  dorsali  ante  medium,  secunda  ad  angulum  ana- 
lem,  tertia  eostali  ante  apicem ;  capitc  fusco.     Exp.  al.  -^\  lin. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  fuscous.  Antenna3  fuscous.  Anterior  wings 
fuscous,  with  three  indistinct  whitish  spots,  one  on  the  inner  margin 
before  the  middle,  one  at  the  anal  angle,  and  one  rather  beyond  it  on 
the  costa  ;  cilia  pale  fuscous.     Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Taken  by  Mr.  Edleston,  on  moors  near  ]\lanchester,  in  August. 

13.  cinereo-punctella,  llaw.  L.  B.  582  (1829);  Step.;  Sta. 
Alis  anticis  saturate  griseis,  v/acnia  ohliqiia  costce  ante  medium,  macula 
parva  ad  angulum  analem,  'inacidaqne  costa  ante  apicem  albidis,  pioicto 
apicis  nigro ;  capite  griseo,  frontc  palpisrpie  albidis.  Exp.  al.  StV—I 
lin. 

Head  grey.  Face  and  palpi  whitish.  Antennae  grey.  Anterior 
wings  dark  grey ;  in  the  middle  is  an  otjliqne  tcJtitish  spot  from  the  costa 
reaching  more  than  half  across  the  wing ;  at  the  anal  angle  is  a  very 
small  whitish  spot,  and  on  the  costa  hnmediatet ij  Ij(fore  the  apex  is  an- 
other whitish  spot,  which  precedes  an  apical  black  spot;  cilia  grey. 
Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Appears  at  the  end  of  May  and  beginning  of  June;  plentiful 
on  the  chalk  downs  beyond  Croydon,  also  on  Durdliam  Downs, 
near  Bristol. 

14.  trapeziella,  Sta.  Cat.  p.  26  {\W^).—fjattifera,  Haw.?  Alis 
anticis  brunneo-nigris,  stria  jdicfe  basali,  punctis  duobus  in  medio,  al- 
tero  cost;e,  altero  plicce,  pnncto  tertio  jilicce  supra  angnlniii.  analem, 
puncto  quarto  apicis  argenteo-albis ;  capite  albido,  fronte  palpisc[uc  albis. 
Exp.  al.  4-4i  lin. 

llead  whitish,  l^'acc  and  palpi  white.  Antenna^  fuscous.  Ante- 
rior wings  diu'k  l)rown-black,  ?r//A  a  short  silverg-white  streak  at  the 
base  along  the  fold ;  in  the  nuddle  arc  two  small  silvery-white  spots, 
one  on  the  costa,  the  other  on  the  fold,  a  third  spot  lies  on  the  fold  above 
the  anal  angle,  and  a  fourth  in  the  a])ex  of  the  wing;  cilia  fuscous. 
Posterior  wings  fuscous,  with  paler  cilia. 

A  sj)ecimen  taken  at  AVest  W^ickhani  AVood,  in  June,  is  in  Mr. 
I^(!dcll\s  collection.  Mr.  Douglas  and  I  have  each  a  sp(;ciinen, 
the  localities  of  which  are  unknown. 

15.  nigrella,    lliUj.   285   (181(5);    Haw.;    Treit.  ;    Sta.;    Stej).  ? 


ELACiirsTA.  25;") 

Zell.  ?  Alis  auticis  ((^)  ^rise'is,  fascia  fare  recta  albida  ol)soleta  ante 
medium,  maculis  duabus  ante  apiccm  oppositis,  quanun  apices  postice 
spectant  in  fasciam  conjunctis,  apice  rolundalo,  ciliis  griscis,  circa  api- 
cem  externe  albidis  ( ?  alis  anticis  ad  basim  satm'atc  griscis,  postice 
nigris,  fascia  maculisque  albis  distinctis,  macula  costali  non  pouc  ma- 
culam  dorsaleui) ;  capite  griseo,  fronte  argciitco-grisea,  palpis  dilute 
gi'iscis.     Exp.  al.  -i  lin. 

Head  grey.  Face  silvery-grey.  Palpi  pale  grey.  Antennsc  fuscous. 
Anterior  wings  (of  the  ^)  gi'oy,  with  an  indistinct  nearhj  draujid 
whitish /ffsc/f?  before  the  middle,  and  an  angulated  fascia  (composed  of 
two  whitish  opposite  spots,  with  their  a])ices  sloping  posteriorly)  to- 
wards the  apex  ;  a  somewhat  rounded  dark  hinder  niarghial  line  runs 
through  the  grey  cilia,  which  at  the  apex  are  whitish.  (In  the  ?  the 
anterior  wings  arc  dark  grey  at  the  base,  and  beyontl  the  first  fascia 
black  ;  the  tirst  fascia  is  whiter  and  more  distinct,  and  the  opposite 
spots  towards  the  apex  are  much  whiter  and  more  distinct ;  the  costal 
spot  is  scarce///  poalerior  to  the  dorsal  spot.)  Posterior  wings  grey, 
with  paler  cilia. 

Not  uncommon  in  May  and  August,  generally  occurring  near 
hedges.  The  larva  feeds  in  the  upper  part  of  a  sliglit-growing 
grass  (perhaps  I'ua  triviul/s)  in  April  and  July. 

IG.  subnigrella,  Dougl.  Ent.  Trans,  ii.  n.  s.  210.  pi.  xviii.  f.  1 
(1854).  Alis  auticis  ((^)  grhcis,  fa-tcia  ohUqiia  albida  obsoleta  ante 
medium,  fascia  angnlata  albida  obsoleta  ante  apieem,  quasi  e  maculis 
duabus  coniposita,  cdiis  ajncis  Iruncati  griscis  (  ?  alis  postice  satura- 
tioribus,  fascia  maculisque  latioriljus,  albidioribus,  macula  costali  dis- 
tincte  j)Ost  macnlam  dorsaleni) ;  ca})ite  griseo,  fronte  argentea,  palpis 
griscis.     Exp.  al.  3^  lin. 

Head  grey.  Pace  rather  silvery.  Palpi  pale  grey.  Antenna?  fus- 
cous. Anterior  wings  (of  the  (^)  dingy  grey,  with  an  indistinct  rallter 
ohliqnc  whitish  fascia  a  little  before  the  middle,  being  nearest  the  base 
on  the  costa  ;  towards  the  apex  is  a  whitish  angulated  fascia,  conqiosed, 
as  it  were,  of  two  indistinct  opposite  spots ;  cilia  at  the  rather  truncate 
apex  grey.  (Tn  the  5  the  anterior  wings  are  darker,  especially  poste- 
riorly, and  the  fascia  and  spots  are  whiter  and  broader;  the  costal  spot 
is  decidedhj  posterior  to  the  dorsal  spot.)  Posterior  wings  grey,  with 
paler  cilia. 

Common  at  the  beginning  of  June  aiul  in  August,  on  the  old 
tram-road  beyond  Croydon.  The  larva  feeds  in  April,  May,  and 
July,  in  the  leaves  of  Bromus  erectns,  not  dcsceiuliug  the  stems ; 
the  mined  places  assume  a  purplish  tinge;  the  pupa  may  fre- 
([uently  be  found  on  the  upper  side  of  the  leaf,  close  to  where  it 
quits  the  stem. 

17.  occultella,  Hougl.  Ent.  Trans,  i.  n.  s.  Proc.  7  (1850);  Sta. 
Alis  anticis  griseo-fuscis,  fascia  angulata  albida  valde  obsoleta  ante  me- 


25f5  ELACHTSTID/E. 

dinm,  rnaculis  duabus  triangularibus  subdistinclis,  ante  apicem  albidis, 
Hou  covjluehtlbus,  apice  von  tnaicato ;  ciliis  griseis ;  capite,  cum  palpis, 
griseo.     Exp.  al.  ^\—i  liu. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  grey,  rather  shining.  Antennas  fuscous.  An- 
terior wings  shining  greyish -I'uscous,  with  a  very  indistinct  whitish 
tascia  a  little  before  the  middle ;  the  fascia  is  angulated  on  the  fold, 
and  is  nearest  the  base  on  the  costa ;  towards  tlie  apex  are  two  rather 
conspicuous  triangular  whitish  spots,  that  on  the  costa  being  nearest  to 
the  apex ;  tlteij  are  dlsthiclly  separated  hy  the  iidervening  yronnd-colour 
of  the  whig ;  the  apex  of  the  whig  is  rounded,  with  a  dark  hinder  mar- 
ginal line  in  the  grey  cilia.     Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Mr.  Douglas  discovered  tliis  species  on  the  35tli  of  May,  184-8, 
flying  plentifully  over  some  long  grass  growing  under  trees  in  a 
damp  part  of  West  Wickliam  AVood. 

18.  consortella,  Sta.  Sup.  Cat.  p.  9  (1851).  Alls  anticis  {^) 
angustis,  griseis,  pnncto  parvo  albido  pdicce  ante  medium,  stria  nigra 
ptica  iu  medio,  maculis  oppositis  ante  apicem  albidis,  fere  in  fasciam 
angulatam  confluentibus,  striola  albida  i?i  apice  ducta  (  $  fascia  media 
albida  distiucta,  maculis  oppositis  fere  in  fasciam  obliquani  coniiexis)  ; 
capite  griseo.     Exp.  al.  S-S^  liu. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  grey.  Antennas  dark  grey.  Anterior  wings 
narrow,  (of  the  (^)  dark  grey,  with  apparently  no  trace  of  the  medial 
fascia,  but  on  the  fold  is  a  small  ichitish  spot,  folloioed  by  a  short  black 
streak ;  the  opposite  spots  towards  the  apex  are  whitish,  and  nearly 
form  an  angulated  fascia ;  from  their  union  some  whitish  scales  are  con- 
tinued into  the  apex  of  the  cilia ;  cilia  grey,  except  the  whitish  apex. 
(In  the  ?  the  medial  fascia  is  distinct,  and  the  opposite  spots  nearly 
unite  to  form  an  oblique  fascia.)  Tosterior  wings  grey,  with  paler 
cilia. 

Taken  by  Mr.  Logan  in  March,  amongst  grass,  on  Arthur's 
Seat. 

19.  pulchella.  Haw.  L.  B.  582  (1829) ;  Step. ;  Sta.  Alis  anticis 
ad  basiin.  albis,  postice  nigris,  macula  costa;  pro[)e  basim  elongata  grisca, 
maculis  duabus  triangularibus  suboppositis,  ante  apicem  albis ;  capite, 
cum  palpis,  albo.     Exp.  al.  o\  lin. 

lleail,  face,  and  palpi  ichite.  Antenna)  fuscous.  Anterior  wings 
with  the  basal  half  entirely  white  (exce[)t  a  longitudinal  grey  patch 
along  the  costa,  which  terminates  before  the  middle  of  the  wing,  so  as 
to  leave  an  entire  white  fascia),  the  apical  half  dark  greyish-black,  with 
two  triangular  nearly  opposite  tchite  spots,  that  on  tlie  costa  being 
rather  nearer  the  apex ;  cilia  grey,  with  a  dark  hinder  marginal  line. 
Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Occurs  singly  among  grass  in  May  and  June;  as  all  the  speci- 
mens with  which  we  are  acquainted  are  females,  it  is  probably  the 
female  of  some  other  known  species,  possibly  of  ohscureUa. 


EL.VCIIISTA.  257 

20.  Bedellella,  Sircom,  Zool.  1848.  p.  2057;  Sia.  —  ttir/rena, 
Dup.  Alis  auticis  la(li(scnlis,  poslice  truncatis,  {(^)  griscis  (  $  albitliori- 
bus),  fascia  recta  ante,  fascia  angulata  poiic  medium  albidis ;  capite 
cum  palpis  griseo.     Exp.  al.  3h  liii. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  grey.  Antcinux.'  dark  fuscous.  Anterior  wings 
ratlier  hroad  and poderiorly  Iruiicalc,  (of  tlic  (^)  grey,  (of  the  ?  paler, 
and  at  the  base  almost  whitish),  with  a  straight  whitish  fascia  before 
the  middle,  and  an  angulated  whitish  fascia  towards  the  apex,  both 
ratlier  indistinct ;  at  the  apex  is  a  dark  hinder-marginal  line,  which  is 
almost  straight,  giving  the  wings  a  truncate  appearance ;  cilia  grey,  at 
the  apex  whitish.     Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Very  abundant  in  May  and  August  among  the  sliort  grass  of 
the  chalk  downs ;  occurs  at  SaiuUrstcad  and  near  Bristol. 

21.  obscurella,  Sta.  Cat.  p.  2(5  (1849).     Alis  auticis  dilute  gri- 

seis,  obscurius  squamatis,  fascia  media,  maculisque  duabus  oppositis  -      ■ 

ante  apieem  dilutioribus,  oiso/e^mmw;  capite  cum  palpis  ymco.     Exp.    Vru  VjAA. 
al.  4|  iin.     (Var.  Fascia  maculisque  imbdisHncli>i ;  capite;  cum  palpis        ^a-C 
albido.     Exp.  al.  3i  Iin.)  b 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  pale  grey.  Antennae  dark  grey.  Anterior 
wings  grey,  with  darker  scales,  and  with  veri/  faint  indications  of  a 
paler  fascia  in  the  middle,  and  two  paler  opposite  spots  before  the 
apex.  (The  smaller  summer  brood  has  the  fascia  and  spots  more  dis- 
tinct.)    Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Abundant  on  meadows  and  among  grass,  near  hedges,  in  May, 
and  again  in  August,  but,  as  above  mentioned,  the  summer  speci- 
mens ditfer  slightly  from  those  taken  in  spring ;  the  female  of 
this  species  has  not  yet  been  observed,  unless  it  be  jmlchella. 

22.  Albinella,  Sta.  Cat.  p.  27  (1819) ;  Haw.?  Step.?  AHs  an- 
ticis  fuseis,  i'ascia  media  recin  laliascida  Jlavida,  in  plica  aiirantia,  ciliis 
(jriseo-fiiHciii ;  capite  cum  pal[)isy/<4'co.     Exp.  al.  4.V-5  Iin. 

Head,  face,  palpi,  and  antcniuc  dark  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  chu'k 
fuscous,  with  a  straight,  rather  broad,  yellowish  fascia  in  the  niiddk,', 
sUfjhtli/ sujf'iised  with  orange  on  the  fold ;  v\Y\i\  grei/ish-ftiscous.  Poste- 
rior wings  brown-grey,  with  grey  cilia. 

I  am  not  aware  of  the  localities  where  this  species  has  been 
taken.  I  have  a  specimen,  and  there  is  one  in  Mr.  Bond's  col- 
lection. 

23.  zonariella,  Tengstrom,  E.  E.-E.  150  {lUl).—bisHlcclla,  'Ml- 
Sta.  Alis  auticis  fuseis,  y«.$ci«  media  reel iusciilu  flavida ,  externe  aiirantia, 
ad  dorsuhi  latiore ;  ciUis  apicis  albidis;  capite  cum  palpis  hriinneo. 
Exp.  al.  4  hn. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  brown.  Antenna;  greyish-fuscous.  Anterior 
wings  dark  fuscous,  with  a  yellowish  fascia  in  the  middle;  the  fascia  is 
nearly  straight,  broadest  on  the  inner  margin,  and  is  towards  the  apex  of 
the  wing  of  an  orange  colour ;  cilia  grey,  but  at  the  apex  beyond  the 

VOL.    III.  3    L 


958  ELACIirSTID.E. 

dark  hinder  marginal  line  whitish.     Posterior  wings  brown-grey,  with 
paler  cilia. 

formerly  taken  by  Mr.  Sircom  in  xVugust,  near  Bristol.  Mr. 
Scott  bred  a  specimen  last  summer  from  a  larva  lie  found  near 
Eenfrew,  mining  in  May  the  leaves  of  (he  believes)  xiira  caqn- 
tosa. 

24.  gangabella  (R  v.  K),  Zell.  Ent.  Ztg.  1850,  p.  202;  Sta. 
Alis  auticis  f'uscis, /rtSc/«  media  Jlnva  sub  costani  attenuata,  maculam  tri- 
gonam  clorsi  simulatite ;  ciliis  f/tsco-r/riseis ;  capite  cum  palpis ///sco. 
Exp.  al.  4  lin. 

Head,  face,  palpi,  and  antenna;  dark  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  dark 
fuscous,  with  a  siraiglit  i/ellow  fascia  in  the  middle,  vc'7'i/  narrow  [awards 
the  cos/a,  hiif  swelling  out  to  a  triangular  spot  on  the  inner  margin  ;  cilia 
greijish-fvscous.     Posterior  wings  grey,  wafh  paler  cilia. 

A  scarce  species^  taken  by  Mr.  Douglas  in  Headley  Lane,  and 
by  myself  at  J  )artford  Heath,  in  June. 

25.  obliquella,  Edleston  in  lit.  Alis  anticis  fuscis,  fascia  fere 
recta  lutea  paulo  post  medium;  ciliis  apicis  dilute  luteis ;  capite  ciun 
palpis  luteo ;  autcuuis  fuscis  albo-annulatis.     Exp.  al.  4i  lin. 

llead,  face,  and  pal])i  luteons.  Antenna3  dark  fuscous,  annulated 
with  white.  Anterior  wings  dark  I'uscous,  with  a  nearly  straight,  yel- 
lowish fascia,  rather  beyond  the  middle;  apical  cilia  pale  yellowish  be- 
yond a  dark  hinder  nuirgiual  line ;  cilia  at  the  aual  angle  fuscous. 
Posterior  wings  fuscous,  with  paler  cilia. 

Two  specimens  iu  Mr.  Edleston's  collection,  taken  near 
London. 

2G.  abmptella,  n.  sp.  Alis  anticis  fuscis, /^.sc/a  fere  recta  pone 
medium  alba;  ciliis  apicis  truncati  albidis ;  capite  cum  palpis  albo ; 
antennis  fuscis.     Exp.  al.  42  lin. 

Head,  iace,  and  palpi  white.  Antennae  fuscous.  Anterior  wings 
fuscous,  with  a  nearly  straight  white  fascia  a  little  beyond  the  middle ; 
tlie  cilia  at  the  truncate  apex  are  tvhitish.  Posterior  wings  grey,  with 
paler  cilia. 

Two  specimens  in  Mr.  Allis's  collection. 

27.  Megerlella,  Sta.  Cat.  p.  27  (1849);  Zell;  Dougl.  Ent. 
Trans,  ii.  n.  s.  2.  pi.  xviii.  f.  2  ;  Step.  ? — nnifasciella.  Haw.  ?  Ahs  an- 
Uc.is  griseo-fuscis,  fascia  mv,(\'\i\  ienui  Jtavida,  supcrius  recta,  inferius  ba- 
sim  versus  tlexa ;  ciliis  apicis  flavidis ;  capite  cum  palpis  albido ;  an- 
tennis fuscis.     Exp.  al.  5  lin. 

Head,  face,  and  ])alpi  whitish.  Antemut;  greyish-fuscous.  Anterior 
wings  greyish-fuscous  (tlarker  in  the  ?  ),  with  a  yellorcish  fascia  in  the 
middle ;  this  fascia  is  very  slender,  when  it  first  leaves  the  costa  it  is 
nearly  straight,  but  after  reaching  the  fold  it  turns  a  little  towards  the 
base  of  the  wing,  it  is  broadest  on  the  inner  margin,  its  outer  edge 


ELACIIISTA.  25 1» 

uliicli  is  less  sharply  defined  than  the  inner  edge  being  veiy  nearly 
straight  ;  cilia  grey,  but  at  the  apex,  beyond  the  (lark  hinder  marginal 
line,  yellowish.     I'osterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Common  in  jiedges  in  May  and  August,  The  larva  feuds  in 
March  and  A])ril,  in  the  upper  part  of  the  leaves  of  a  coarse- 
growing  grass  (T  had  thought  this  grass  was  Melica  imijlora, 
but  am  now  doubtful  on  that  point ;  it  is  not  a  very  easy  matter 
to  distinguish  cacli  species  of  grass  from  an  examination  of  the 
leaf  only) ;  its  mines  are  rather  puckered  and  brownish ;  the  sum- 
mer brood  of  the  larva  I  have  not  observed. 

28.  adscitella,  Sta.  Sup.  Cat.  p.  10  (1851).  Alls  anticis  dilate 
griseo-fuscis, /««;/«  media  tetiui  albida  iidernipta  ;  ciliis  ai)icis  allndis ; 
capitc  cum  palpis  alhido.     Exp.  al,  'i\  Ihi. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  icldtish.  Antennix;  fuscous.  Anterior  wings 
pnle  greyish-fuscous,  tcith  two  slender'  whitisk  opposite  spots  in  the  mid- 
dle, ybr////wy  an  inlerniptcd  fascia ;  the  dorsal  spot  is  rather  the  larger 
of  the  two ;  cilia  grey,  but  at  the  apex  beyond  the  dark  hinder  mar- 
ginal line  wJtitish.     Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Occurs  near  Chesterfield  in  June;  Mr.  AUis  has  now  distri- 
buted it  in  several  collections. 

29.  cerusella,  Hiib.  183  (1801);  Haw.;  Step.— mv^.W/n-,  Zell. 

Alls  anticis  albidis,  atoinis  fiiscis  levifer  inoratis,  fascia  inlcrrupla  pone         

m&iXwww,  allera  int&jra  ante  n^iccm  ftscis,  priore  maculani  vi(jram  in-  (J-1  ■  i)^  '2-'>  • 
terne  (jerente,  apice  fusco  ;  ciliis  griseo-fuscis  ;  cnpite  cum  ])alpis  albido.  ^.  __  ^ 

Exp.  al.  5  1in.  _  ln.X*23,2'i 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  whitish.  Antenna)  whitish.  Anterior  wings 
whitish,  witJt  some  scattered  fuscous  scales,  with  an  inlerrapted  fuscous 
fascia  beyond  ttie  middle,  internally  with  a  black  spot  on  the  fold,  and 
an  uninlerrnpted  fascia  loioards  the  apex,  with  a  minute  black  spot  in- 
ternally;  apex  of  the  wing  fuscous;  cilia  greyish-fuscous.  Posterior 
wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Common  in  marshy  ground  in  May  and  at  the  end  of  August; 
the  larva  feeds  in  the  upper  part  of  the  leaves  of  the  connnon 
reed  {Arnndo  Vhragmitcs)  at  the  beginning  of  August;  the  spring 
brood  of  the  larva  has  not  yet  been  observed. 

30.  Rhynchosporella,  Sta.  Zool.  1818,  p.  21G5.  Alis  anticis 
albidis,  pnncio  in  medio  plicie  nigro,  costa,  Aox?,o,  fascia  extrorsum  an- 
(julala  pone  medium,  macula  eostali  ante  apicem  majorc,  maculacpie 
dorsali  ad  angulum  analem  minore,  obscure  griseis ;  capitc  cum  palpis 
albo  vel  albido.     Exj).  al.  l.V  lin. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  wliite  ox  wliilisti.  Antenn;c  fuscous.  Anterior 
wings  d^rty-//7/<7^i7^  with  a  dirty-grey  streak  along  the  costa  to  beyond 
the  middle,  and  a  dirty-grey  streak  along  the  iiuier  margin;  beyond 
the  middle  is  a  dirty-grey  fascia,  anyulated  jwsteriorly ;  a  rather  large; 


260  ELACIllSTID.E. 

costal  spot  before  tlie  apex,  and  a  small  spot  at  the  anal  angle  are  dirty- 
grey  ;  cilia  grey.     Posterior  wings  tlirty-grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Common  in  the  North,  on  mosses  and  bogs ;  also  occurs  in  the 
Cambridgeshire  fens,  and  met  with  last  summer  by  Mr.  Boyd  in 
the  New  Forest,  who  observed  it  to  frequent  the  cotton-grass 
[EriopJiorum)  ;  appears  in  June  and  July. 

31.  Eleochariella,  Sta.  Sup.  Cat.  p.  10  (1851).  Alis  anticis 
gr'iscis,  plica  alljida,  puncto  in  medio  nigro,  strigula  obliqua  costfc  api- 
cem  versus,  punctoque  opposito  dorsi  alljidis ;  capite  cum  palpis  sa- 
turate (/riseo.     Exp.  al.  3^  lin. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  dark  grey.  Antennre  dark  fuscous.  Anterior 
wings  grey,  with  a  whitish  line  along  the  fold  interrupted  by  a  black 
spot  in  tlic  middle;  towards  the  apex  is  a  whitish  streak  on  the  costa 
sloping  towards  the  hinder  margin,  and  beneath  it  on  the  inner  margin 
is  a  small  whitish  spot ;  cilia  pale  grey.  Posterior  wings  grey,  with 
paler  cilia. 

I  met  with  this  in  July  among  rushes,  on  the  top  of  the  hill 
above  Kilmuii. 

32.  biatomella,  Sta.  Zool.  1848,  p.  21G5.  Alis  anticis  griseo- 
ochrcis,  puncto  fuseo  plicae  albida?  media?,  strigula  obliqua  costaU  pone 
medium,  in  puncto  altero  fusco  terminata,  punctoque  obsoleto  costali 
ante  apiccm  albidis ;  capite  ochreo-grisco ;  fronte  palpis(|ue  albidis. 
Exp.  al.  o\  lin. 

Head  greyish-ochreous.     Pace  and  palpi  whitish.    AntcnnaD  fuscous. 
,        Anterior  wings  greyish-ochreous,  with  a  whitish  streak  along  the  fold, 
^  /        in  which  is  a  luscous  spot  about  the  mitldle  of  the  wing  and^hitish 
'         oblicpic  (sloping  posteriorly)  streak  from  the  costa  beyond  the  middle, 
having  at  its  termination  another  fuscous  spot ;  on  the  costa  imme- 
diately before  the  apex  is  a  small  whitish  spot ;  cilia,  beyond  a  fuscous 
hinder-marginal  line,  grey.     Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Occurs  rather  freely  ou  Durdham  Downs,  near  Bristol,  from 
IVIay  to  July. 

33.  serricomis,  Logan  in  lit,  Alis  anticis  griseis,  puncto  nigro 
plictTC  pone  medium,  strigula  brevi  obliqua  costali  albida  ante  apiccm ; 
capite  cum  jialpis  griseo ;  antennis  a-picem  versus  serratis.  J']xp.  al, 
c,\  lin. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  grey.  Antenna)  towards  the  apex  much  ser- 
rated, dark  grey,  with  paler  annulations.  Anterior  wings  grey,  with  a 
black  spot  on  the  fold  l)eyond  the  middle,  and  a  short  obliqne  (slojjing 
posteriorly)  whitish  streak  from  the  costa,  before  the  apex,  internally 
nuu-gined  with  dark  grey  ;  cilia,  beyond  a  darker  hinder-marginal  line, 
giey.      Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Two  specimens,  (mh;  in  Mr.  Weir's  and  oiu'  in  Mr.  Logan's 
collection. 


ELACIIISTA.  20 1 

3  !•.  triatomea.  Haw.  L.  B.  535  (1829) ;  f^ic[i.—(U.ynlena,  Zcll. ; 
Sta. — (jipuncieUa,  Trcit.  ?  Alls  anticis  albis,  puiictis  duobus  nigria, 
altera  plicai  ante  inediura,  altcro  disci  pone  medium ;  capite  cum  pal- 
pis  albo.     Exp.  al.  4— 4i  liu. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  white.  Antcuuit;  grey.  Anterior  wings 
white,  with  two  small  black  spots,  one  on  the  fold  a  little  before  the 
middle,  the  other  midway  between  that  and  the  apex ;  at  the  anal 
angle  are  frequently  a  few  black  scales  (forming  Haworth's  "  third 
atom") ;  cilia  whitish,  with  a  few  greyish  scales.  Posterior  wings 
greyish-white,  with  paler  cilia. 

Not  inicomnion  among  grass  in  chalky  places  in  June  and  July. 

35.  triseriatella,  n.  sp.  Alis  anticis  albis,  seriebus  tribus  ato- 
morum  nigrorum  disci ;  capite  cuni  palpis  albo.     Exp.  al.  3.]  liu. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  white.  Antcnua;  fuscous.  Anterior  wings 
white,  with  three  rows  of  black  scales  on  the  disc  ;  cilia  whitish.  Pos- 
terior wings  grey,  with  whitish  cilia. 

A  specimen  of  this  insect  is  in  the  collection  of  Mr.  Vauglian, 
who  took  it,  June  'l(\,  ISlO,  by  sweeping  the  short  grass  on  the 
top  of  St.  Vincent's  jiocks,  Durdham  Downs. 

30.  coUitella  (E.  v.  E.),  Dup.  L.  F.  Sup.  iv.  327.  pi.  77.  f .  9 
(1842). — subucvUea,  Step.?  Alis  anticis  albis,  fasciis  tril)us  ochreis, 
prima  basim  versus  ohsoleta,  secia/da  pone  medium,  terlia  saturatiore 
ante  apicem,  disci  parce  nigro-squaniato,  wr/Vque  squamaruvi  iiigrnnau 
ad  manjlnem  podlcum  truitcatum  ;  capite  albo.     Exp.  al.  -t  liu. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  white.  AutcnntB  fuscous,  annulated  witli 
white.  Anterior  wings  white,  with  three  dirty-ochreous  fasci.c ;  the 
first,  near  the  base,  veri/  indidinct,  the  second  beyond  the  middle,  and 
the  third,  and  darkest,  towards  the  apex ;  on  the  disc  are  a  few  scat- 
tered black  scales,  and  there  is  a  row  of  black  scales  alonrj  the  truncate 
hinder  margin ;  cilia  whitish,  the  tips  fuscous.  Posterior  wings  grey, 
with  paler  cilia. 

Occurs  on  Durdham  Downs,  near  Bristol,  in  .Inly. 

37.  pollinariella  (Zcll),  Duji.  L.  E.  xi.  508.  pi.  307.  f.  5 
(1838);  Zcll.;  Sta.  Alis  anticis  allns,  fasciis  tribus  ochreis,  costam 
versus  fuscescentibus,  prima  basim  versus,  secwida  in  medio,  tertia 
ante  apicem,  disco  parce  fusco-scjuanuito ;  capite  albo.  Exp.  al. 
4-5  lin. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  white.  AntenuiK  fuscous.  Anterior  wings 
white,  with  three  dirty-ochreous  fascia;,  darkest  towards  the  costa ;  the 
lirst  is  near  the  base,  the  second  in  the  middle,  and  the  third  towards 
the  apex ;  on  the  disc,  and  along  tiie  fold,  arc  some  scattered  fuscous 
scales ;  cilia  whitish,  with  a  dark  fuscous  hinder-marginal  line,  the 
extreme  tips  grey.     Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Occurs  at  Samlerstead,  Micklehaui,  and  Durdham  Downs,  ni 
June  and  July. 


262  ELACniSTID>E. 

38.  rufocinerea,  Haw.  L.  B.  535  (1829);  Step.;  Zell.—  ?  Jlos- 
lactls,  llavv. ;  Step.  Alls  anticis  ( (^ )  alljidis  brunuesccnte  suft'usis ; 
posticis  griseis.  (  $  alis  anticis  albis  dilutissime  lutescente  sufl'usis ; 
posticis  dilute  griseis.)     Exp.  al.  4-5  lin. 

^  Head,  face,  and  pal])i  whitish.  Antennse  brownish.  Anterior 
wings  whitish,  very  ranch  suffused  witli  brownisli,  the  inner  margin 
and  discoi(hil  cell  only  remaining  of  the  ground-colour ;  cilia  dirty- 
whitish,  with  dark  fuscous  scales.  Posterior  wings  dark  grey,  with 
greyish-ochreous  cilia. 

?  Head,  face,  and  palpi  white.  Antenuce  whitish,  annulatcd  with 
fuscous.  Anterior  wings  whitish,  with  numerous  scattered  scales  of  a 
very  pale  yellowish  tint ;  cilia  whitish,  with  some  fuscous  scales.  Pos- 
terior wings  pale  grey,  with  yellowish  cilia. 

A  most  abundant  species  tbrougliout  the  country ;  it  appears 
at  the  end  of  April,  directly  the  first  warm  weather  sets  in,  and 
continues  throughout  May;  it  especially  frequents  the  sides  of 
hedges  and  ditches,  where  the  males  may  be  seen  flying  briskly 
along,  about  sunset,  just  above  the  tops  of  the  grass,  in  search  of 
the  females,  which  may  frequently  be  observed  perched  on  the 
summit  of  a  blade  of  grass,  with  the  wings  in  continual  vibra- 
tion. In  spite  of  the  excessive  abundance  of  this  insect,  we  have 
hitherto  failed  in  our  attempts  to  find  the  larva;  but  the  pupa 
has,  on  three  separate  occasions,  been  met  with :  once  on  the 
stem  of  a  dock  by  Mr.  Douglas,  and  I  once  fouiul  it  under  a  leaf 
of  Veronica  Chavuedri/s,  and  once  on  the  up])er  side  of  an  ivy-leaf, 
where  it  lay  conveniently  in  the  angle  of  the  leaf,  with  a  silken 
awning  spread  over  it. 

o\).  ochreella,  Sta.  Cat.  p.  27  (184.9). — VM-.7iednlella,  Sta.  Alis 
anticis  ochreis,  costam  versus  fuscesccutibus ;  posticis  fuscis,  ochrco- 
ciliatis.     Exp.  al.  5  lin. 

Head,  face,  and  })alpi  yellowish-ochreous.  Antennrc  fuscous.  An- 
terior wings  yellowish-ochreous,  somewhat  fuscous  along  the  costa, 
especially  at  the  base ;  cilia  yellowish-ochreous.  Posterior  wings  fus- 
cous, with  ochreous  cilia. 

Has  occurred  in  the  Cambridgeshire  fens,  and  in  the  north  of 
England,  in  June. 

40.  cygmpennella,  Hiib.  Tin.  207  (1801);  Zell.;  Hougl.  Ent. 
Trans,  ii.  n.  s.  211.  pi.  xviii.  f.  3. — cyr/nlpcnuis,  Haw. — ei/ffiwUa,  Treit. ; 
Hup. —  ?  ('ugnipenneUa,  Step. —  (^  semialbella,  Step.  Alis  ant  icis 
albis  immaculatis ;  posticis  (^j)  fuscis,  albido-ciliatis  ($  albidis,  albo- 
ciliatis).     Exp.  al.  5-0,^  lin. 

Head,  face,  palpi,  and  antenniL'  white.  Anterior  wings  innnaculatc, 
wliitc! ;  cilia  white.  Posterior  wings  (of  the  ($)  fuscous,  with  whitish 
cilia  (of  the  *J  whitish,  with  wliite  cilia). 


TIScniERIA.  2(V.i 


Common  at  SaiKlcrstoad,  aiul  in  many  otlier  looalilics,  in  Juno; 
(lie  perfect  insects  appear  very  slncrtrish.  The  larva  mines  the 
upper  part  of  the  leaves  of  the  Dact)jlh  r/lomeraia  in  May. 


Gemis  XIV.     TISCHERIA.    <f(\"2Tri    -^ 

TiscHERlA,  Zell.  Isis,  1839,  p.  219  ;  Dup.  Cat.  FJnchhta  p.,  Trcit. ; 
Dup.  L.  F.     ylpJudosetia  p.,  Step. 

Capilli  occipitales  snherectl ;  frontalcs  depress!.  Palpi  lahialcs  breves, 
tiliformcs,  peiululi.  HausleUum  mediocre,  s(|iiaiuatuiii.  AnteniKO 
alis  aiiteiioribus  breviores,  <^  'juJoso-ciUuUp,  $  nu(l;e,  artieulo  basali 
deutem  pilosum  gerciitc.  Al;e  loiige  ciHata^  antcriorcs  subcaudii- 
lata',  posteriores  laiiceolat:c.  TibicU  posticte  pilosa\  hXw.  antc- 
riorcs :  cellula  discoidalis  postice  aperta,  vena  suljcostalis  in  basi 
lougissimc  obsoleta,  raiuos  quinque  in  costam,  uiediana  tres  in 
marginem  posticum  cniittit,  vena  sulxlorsalis  simj)lex ;  posteriores : 
veute  simpliccs. 

Head  beJilnd  with  raiher  erect  hairs,  \\\  front  smooth.  Labial  palpi 
short,  filiform,  droopina;.  Tongue  of  moderate  length,  clothed  with 
scales.  Antennas  considerably  sliorter  than  the  anterior  wings,  in  the 
^  with  pilose  cilialioi/s,  in  the  ?  simple,  the  basal  joint  furnished 
with  a  projecting  tuft  of  hair.  Wings  with  long  cilia,  the  anterior 
pointed,  hardly  caudulate,  the  posterior  lanceolate.  Hinder  tibiaj 
luiiry.  In  the  anterior  wings  the  discoidal  cell  is  not  closed,  the  sub- 
costal vein  is  obsolete  for  a  considerable  length  towards  the  base ;  it 
sends  five  veins  to  the  costa,  the  median  emits  three  to  the  hinder 
margin,  the  subdorsal  vein  is  simple  ;  in  the  posterior  wings  the 
veins  are  simple. 

A  rather  singular  genus,  of  which  only  two  species  have  oc- 
curred in  this  country  (two  or  three  others  arc  known  on  the 
continent) ;  the  perfect  insects  sit  with  the  head  slightly  raised, 
the  tips  of  the  wings  firmly  ])rcsscd  against  the  substance  on 
which  the  insect  is  sitting.  The  larvte  are  leaf-miners,  and  re- 
markable for  their  extremely  vuidevelopcd  legs,  whicli  require  to 
be  seen  by  the  aid  of  a  microscope ;  the  liabits  of  our  two  species 
exhibit  considerable  diU'erences. 

1.  complanella,  Itiib.  Tin.  428  (1810);    Treit. ;   Dup.;  Zell.;  

Ratz.  F.  1.  ii.  pi.  xii.  f.  !■ ;   Sta.—rii/ipeiuicdhi,  titcp.—JlJmerel/a,  Vill.?   lPf.\m\. 
— riifipennis.  Haw.  ? — -fulvescens,  Step.  ?  Alis  antieis  iuteis,  niargine  jios-         a-C- 
tico  late,  eostaque  anynslissiiiiefKScescenlibus.     Exp.  al.  :5o-.5  lin.  — i 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  yellowish.  Antcnnie  greyish-yellow.  Ante- 
rior wings  bright  yellowish,  towards  the  hinder  margin  and  along  the 
costti /uscesce?ii ;  cilia  yellowish  at  the  apex,  grey  at  the  anal  angle. 
Posterior  wings  grey,  with  yellowish-grey  cilia. 


2(l4  LITIIOCOLLKTID.K. 

Very  common  among  oaks  in  June.  The  larva  (according  to 
Eatzebnrg)  mines  in  the  autninn  in  oak-leaves,  making  large 
white  blotches,  within  which  the  larva  may  be  observed  in  a 
curved  position ;  the  mined  leaves  remain  perfectly  flat.  The 
larva,  when  full-fed,  spins  its  cocoon  within  the  leaf,  but  remains 
unchanged  till  spring;  there  does  not  appear  to  be  more  than 
one  brood  in  the  year.  (I  have  repeatedly  met  with  the  larvoe, 
but  have  not  hitherto  succeeded  in  rearing  them.) 

2.  margmea.  Haw.  L.  B.  556  (1829);  Step.— ^wy^//^/,  Pup. 
rv?  rrr  ^ji  L.  F.  xi.  pi.  309.  f.  6  ;  Zell.  xVKs  auticis  luteis,  costa  aiiguste,  apicem 
^'  versus  latins,  margineque  postico  late  fnscis,  puiicfo  rotuiulo  atro  mar- 

^  ^  /^  ginis  postici  supra  aiiguluiu  aiialera.  Exp.  al.  4-4^  lin. 
~^/-^  Head  fuscous,  mixed  with  yellovvisli.  Pace  and  palpi  yellowish.  Au- 
tenua>  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  bright  yellowish,  with  the  costa  nar- 
rowly/«.sfo//.s  at  the  base,  more  broadly  towards  the  apex,  the  hinder 
margin  broadly  fmcona,  with  a  round  black  spot  above  the  anal  angle ; 
cilia  at  the  apex  ochreous,  at  the  anal  angle  grey.  Posterior  wings  fus- 
cous, with  paler  cilia. 

Common  among  brambles  in  May  and  August.  The  larva 
mines  the  leaves  of  the  bramble  in  autumn  and  winter,  and  in 
July;  the  mines  appear  as  whitish  blotches,  palest  at  their  origin, 
of  a  cornucopia  shape;  they  pucker  the  leaf  a  little;  the  larva 
changes  to  a  pupa  in  the  mine,  not  forming  a  cocoon;  the  jjujki 
is  extremely  active. 


fX 


Family  XI.     LITIIOCOLLETIDJ!;. 

CapilU  hirsuti.  I'alpi  labialcs  liliformes,  penduH.  Al;e  longc  ciliata^ 
anteriorcs  chnnjatfc.,  postice  acuwiiiatre,  posteriores  lineari-laiiceohitce. 
Head  rough.      Jjahial  ])alpi  iiliform,  drooping.      Wings  with   loug 

cilia,  the  anterior  elongate,  posteriori)/  acictniiialc,  the  posterior  llnear- 

luHceolate. 

This  family,  at  present,  only  contains  one  genus. 


Genus  I.     LITHOCOLLETIS 


InTUOcOLLKTis,  Zell.  Isis,  1S39,  p.  2ir);  J)up.  Cat.  Thien  j).,  Haw. 
ylrgyroriiiges  p..  Curt. ;  Step.  FJachlda  p.,  Treit. ;  Hup.  L.  F.  xi. ; 
Zett.      Chrysoesthla  p.,  LithocoUetis  p.,  et  Encestis,  Hiib.  V. 

Capilli  hirsuti,  epistoniio  hevigato.  Antennte  alis  auterioribus  vix  bre- 
viores,  articulo  basali  iiiodlce  incrassatn.  Haustelhnn  nnulioere, 
nudum,      i'alpi  Jahiales  iilifornies,  ))(_'U(iuli.      Ahe  louge  eiliat;c.  an- 


LITHOCOLLETIS.  265 

teriores  elongatre,  postice  acurainatfe ;  posteriores  lineari-lanccolatae. 
Anteriorcs :  vena  subcostalis  loiige  iiitcrnipta,  coUula  discoidalis 
venas  duas  in  costam,  unain  in  apiccni,  duas  in  margincm  jiosticnm 
emittit,  subdorsalis  sim])lex ;  posteriores :  vena  niediaua  biiida  in 
xitrumque  marginem  exit,  subdorsalis  sinijilcx. 

Head  rough,  the  face  sniootli.  Antenna^  hardly  shorter  than  the 
anterior  wings,  the  basal  joint  moderately  thickened,  not  expanded  into 
an  eye-cap.  Tongue  of  moderate  length,  naked.  Labial  palpi  filiform, 
drooping.  Wing  with  long  cilia,  the  anterior  elongate,  posteriorly 
acumi\iate  (yet  appearing  from  the  cilia  of  an  elliptic  form) ;  the  poste- 
rior linear-lanceolate.  In  the  anterior  wings  the  subcostal  vein  has  a 
long  interruption;  the  discoidal  cell  sends  two  veins  to  the  costa,  one 
to  the  apex,  and  two  to  the  hinder  margin  ;  the  subdorsal  vein  is  sim- 
ple. In  the  posterior  wings  the  median  vein  is  bilid,  terminating  on 
each  margin ;  the  sidjdorsal  vein  is  simple. 

This  is  in  all  probability  tlie  most  elegant  genus  of  the  Tineiva  ; 
tlie  graceful  form  of  the  perfect  insects,  the  sharpness  of  the  de- 
signs on  the  anterior  wings,  and  the  rich,  frecpieutly  nictallic 
lustre  of  the  scales,  impart  to  them  a  brilliancy  which  attracts  the 
attention  of  the  most  superficial.  Unfortunately  the  small  size  of 
these  little  gems,  and  the  extreme  similarity  of  many  of  them, 
have  caused  considerable  ambiguity  with  regard  to  the  descrip- 
tions of  the  earlier  authors,  so  that  our  accurate  knowledge  of  few 
of  the  species  dates  further  back  than  IS  16,  when  the  appearance 
of  the  first  volume  of  the  '  Liima^a  Entoinologica,'  with  Zeller's 
monograph  of  this  geiuis,  caused  a  complete  revolution  in  (his 
department  of  Entomological  science.  Elaborate  as  was  that 
monograph,  and  immensely  in  advance  of  all  that  had  previously 
been  written  on  the  subject,  the  impetus  it  gave  to  tlie  study  of 
this  group  has  been  so  great,  that  it  has  already  become  anti(|uated 
and  out  of  date.  Von  Nicclli,  whose  remarks  on  the  habits  of 
the  Pomeranian  species  of  this  genus  show  that  he  is  fully  com- 
petent for  such  a  task,  has  undertaken  to  write  a  monograph  of 
the  genus  as  it  stands  at  the  present  time,  and  I  believe  his  mo- 
nograph is  now  ready  for  publication. 

Tlie  perfect  insects  rest  with  their  head  slightly  elevated  (a 
single  species  [Schrebere/fa]  has  a  directly  contrary  habit,  inclin- 
ing its  head  to  the  surface  on  which  it  rests  at  an  angle  of  fully 
SO);  the  antennre  are  laid  back  generally  under  the  wings;  the 
llight  is  gentle,  or  with  occasional  jerks.  The  larv?c  have  only 
fourteen  feet,  and  mine  in  leaves,  having  no  power  to  cpiit  their 
mine,  but  changing  therein  to  a  pu])a,  and  the  ein])ty  i)U[)a-skin 
may  be  found  protruding  through  tlie  skin  of  the  leaf  after  the 
perfect  insect  has  escaped.     Some  of  the  larva'  mine  beiu'ath  the 

2   M 


266  litiiocolletida;. 

upper  cuticle,  some  beneath  the  under  cuticle,  but  the  larva  of 
no  species  is  known  to  mine  indifferently  the  upper  or  under  side 
of  a  leaf.  Tlie  larva,  in  the  process  of  its  mine,  contorts  the  leaf 
more  or  less,  the  leaf  curving  towards  the  side  on  which  the  larva 
is  at  work ;  the  larva  carpets  the  loosened  skni  with  silk,  and 
purposely  pulls  it  so  tight  as  to  cause  the  loosened  skin  to  pucker, 
whereby  the  opposite  side  of  the  leaf  naturally  curves.  Mr.  Boyd 
has  suggested  that  the  natural  shrinkage  of  the  silk  may,  without 
any  extraneous  assistance  from  the  larva,  cause  the  puckering  of 
the  loosened  skin.  Many  of  the  larvre  have  the  third  and  fourth 
segments  considerably  enlarged.  The  larva3  of  some  species  form 
cocoons  of  silk,  sometimes  of  very  fine  texture ;  others  interweave 
the  grains  of  excrement  into  the  cocoon ;  a  few  do  not  construct 
any  cocoon.  Most  of  the  species  are  double-brooded,  appearing 
in  the  perfect  state  in  May  and  August,  and  the  larvce  feeding  in 
July  and  October ;  a  few  of  the  latter  brood  remain  iri  the  larva 
state  throughout  the  winter,  but  in  most  of  the  species  the  pupa 
state  is  assumed  before  the  commencement  of  winter,  and  many  a 
withered  brown  leaf  blown  hither  and  thither,  at  the  mercy  of 
every  gust,  contains  throughout  the  winter  a  living  pupa,  to  ap- 
pear in  the  following  spring  as  one  of  these  splendid  insects. 
The  genus  may  be  tabulated  as  follows : — 

a.  Anterior  wings  with  a  hook  in  the  cilia.     Species  1-3. 
a  a.  Anterior  wings  with  no  hook  in  the  ciUa. 

b.  Anterior  wings  dark,  with  a  white,  whitish,  or  silvery  basal  streak. 
c.  The  basal  streak  dark-margined  on  both  sides.     Species  4-9, 

19,  20. 
c  c.  The  basal  streak  dark-margined  only  towards  the  costa.     Spe- 
cies 10,  12,  17,  20. 
c  c  c.  The  basal  streak  with  no  dark  margin.     Species  11,  13, 
14-16,  18,  21-25. 
b  b.  Anterior  wings  white,  with  dark  streaks  or  fascitx).     Species  27- 

30,  41. 
b  b  b.  Anterior  wings  dark,  with  no  defined  basal  streak,  but  with 
two  or  more  pale  fascitc.     Species  31-40. 

1.  Roboris,  Zell.  Isis,  1839,  p.  217;  Id.  L.  E.  i.  174.  pi.  1.  f.4. 
— Rob()7rlla,  Sta. — RoborifoUeUa,  Dup.  Alls  anticis  nivcis,  macula 
parva  dorsali  aurco-brunnea  basim  versus,  fascia  Iota  ohUqiia  a  basi 
costa)  fere  ad  medium  dorsi,  aureo-bnmnea,  pone  medium  lineis  quatuor 
costic,  una  dorsi  nigris  introrsum  fiiscescente-marginatis,  piiiiclo  rotunda 
apice  atro,  camlulnm  ciliarum  emittenie.     Exp.  al.  4  lin. 

Head  wlnte,  with  a  few  fuscous  hairs.  Eace  and  palpi  white.  An- 
tenna; whitish,  witli  fuscous  anuulations.  Anterior  wings  white,  with 
a  small  golden-brown  blotch  on  the  inner  margin  near  the  base ;  an 


r  ■  LITIIOCOLLETIS.  267 

ohViqne  goldcn-hrowti  fascia  commences  at  the  base  of  the  costa,  it  is  at 
first  iwy  hroad,  but  i^-ra(hially  becomes  tliiniicr,  terminating  before  the 
middle  of  the  inner  margin,  on  its  outer  side  are  some  fuscous  scales  ; 
beyond  the  middle  of  the  wing  are  four  short  black  lines  from  the 
costa,  and  a  loujicr  one  from  the  inner  margin  internally  margined  with 
pale  golden-brown  ;  at  the  apex  is  a  round  black  spot,  from  which  the 
long  black  scales,  which  form  the  hook  in  the  cilia,  project ;  cilia  white. 
Posterior  wings  grey,  with  whitish  cilia. 

Appears  iu  May  and  August.  The  larva  feeds  on  the  under- 
side of  oak-leaves.  It  lias  occurred  at  Leatlierliead,  Iludders- 
field,  ami  Doncaster. 

2.  hortella,  Fab.  E.  S.  iii.  2.  327.  174  (1794);  Haw.;  Sta.— 
Saportella,  Dup. ;  Zell.  L.  E.  i.  177.  pi.  1.  f .  6 ;  v.  Nicclli.— AW/^ 
weiriiella,  Zell.  Isis,  1839.  Alls  anticis  albis,  fasciis  Iribits  angulatis, 
secunda  internqda,  ochreo-aun'isuix\\u\\\.Q  nigro-marginatis,  strigulis  dua- 
bus  costtt!  ochreo-aureis,  extrorsum  nigro-marginatis,  in  striolam  apieis 
ochreo-fuscam  decurrentibus.     Exp.  al.  4  lin. 

Head  whitish.  Face  and  palpi  white.  Antenna;  white,  with  fus- 
cous annulations.  Anterior  wings  white,  with  three  angulated  fascia) 
and  two  costal  spots,  ochreous-yellow,  somexchat  golden  ;  the  first  fascia  is 
slightly  angulated,  externally  dark  margined  and  internally  partially  so  ; 
the  second  fascia  is  more  angulated  and  frequently  interrupted,  the  costal 
half  projecting  beyond  the  dorsal  half,  it  is  dark-margined  on  both 
sides,  as  is  also  the  third  fascia,  which  is  still  more  angulated  and  the 
prolongation  of  its  angle  forms  the  apical  streak,  which  is  ochreous- 
golden,  with  only  a  few  black  scales ;  the  two  costal  spots  run  into  the 
apical  streak  and  have  dark  margins  externally ;  a  black  hinder  mar- 
ginal line  goes  round  the  apex  of  the  wing ;  cilia  white,  the  extremities 
of  the  costal  half  black,  thus  forming  a  hook.  Posterior  wings  very 
pale  grey,  with  whitish  cilia. 

Appears  iu  May  and  August,  Tlie  larva  feeds  in  oak-leaves. 
It  has  occurred  at  Oxford,  Shrewsbury,  and  near  Loudon. 

3.  Amyotella,  Dup.  L.  F.  xi.  5it.  pi.  309.  f.  2  (1838);  Zell. 
L.  E.  i.  lyO.  pi.  1.  f.  7;  V.  NiceUi ;  Sircom. — lliilleriella,  Zell.  Isis, 
1839.  Alis  anticis  croccis,  strigulis  duabns  costa%  tribns  dorsi  oblicpus 
albis,  prima  costa)  in  medio,  prima  secnndaquc  dorsi  utrinque  fusco- 
marginatis,  secunda  tertiaque  dorsi  introrsum  fuseo-nuu'giuatis,  striola 
apieis  nigra,  scpunnis  supra  earn  albis  ad  caudulam  fuscam  ciliorum 
pro[)agatis.     Exp.  al.  4  liu. 

Head  safiVon-yellow.  Face  and  palpi  white.  Antenna- whitish,  an- 
nulatcd  with  I'uscous.  Anterior  wings  bright  safl'ron-yellow,  with  two 
costal  and  thi-ee  dorsal  streaks  white ;  the  first  costal  strealc  is  near  the 
middle  and  is  opposite  the  second  dorsal  streak,  it  is  dark-margined  on 
both  sides ;  the  two  lirst  dorsal  streaks  are  dark-margined  on  both 
sides,  the  apex  of  the  second  is  considerably  prolonged ;  the  second 


268  ~  LITIIOCOLLETIDiE. 

costal  is  opposite  the  third  dorsal  streak,  they  are  dark-margined  in- 
ternally ;  in  the  apex  of  the  wing  is  a  black  streak,  above  it  are  some 
white  scales  which  rnn  into  the  fuscons  hook  of  the  cilia  ;  a  dark 
hinder-marginal  line  runs  round  the  apex  of  the  wing;  cilia  pale  ochre- 
ous.     Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Appears  in  May  and  August.  The  larva  feeds  in  oak-leaves. 
It  has  occurred  near  Bristol,  and  near  Keswick. 

4.  Lantanella,  Schr.  F.  B.  ii.  130.  1888  {\%^^).—elateUa,  Zell. 
L.  E.  i.  190.  pi.  i.  f.  12;  Sta.  Alis  anticis  cUlnte  croceis,  linea  basali 
utrbupte  nigro-marginata,  strigulis  quatuor  eostaj,  tribus  dorsi  intror- 
sum  fusco-marginatis,  argenteo-albis,  striola  apicis  elongata  atra.  Exp. 
al.  4  lin. 

Head  pale  saflVon.  Face  and  palpi  white.  Antenna;  whitish,  with 
darker  annulations.  Anterior  wings  shinbir/,  yaJa  saffron,  with  a  basal 
streak,  four  costal  and  three  dorsal  streaks  silvery-white ;  the  basal 
streak  is  dark-margined  towards  the  costa,  and  its  hinder  half  is  dark- 
margined  towards  the  inner  margin  ;  the  costal  spots  are  all  small  and 
have  dark  margins  towards  the  base  of  the  wing ;  the  first  dorsal  spot 
is  the  longest,  it  is  curved,  it  is  dark-margined  internally  and  round  its 
apex,  which  is  rather  prolonged  as  a  black  streak  ;  the  second  dorsal  spot 
is  triangular,  it  is  dark-margined  on  both  sides ;  the  apical  black  streak 
is  rather  long  and  thin,  and  has  frequently  on  its  upper  side  white 
scales,  forming  a  continuation  of  the  fourth  costal  spot.  Posterior 
wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Appears  in  May  and  August.  The  larva  feeds  in  the  under- 
side of  the  leaves  of  J'ibnrmim  Lantaua  ;  the  autumnal  larva)  do 
not  change  to  pupa^  till  spring.  It  has  occurred  at  Mickleham, 
and  near  Teignmouth. 

5.  triguttella,  Sta.  Zool.  1850,  p.  2896.  Alis  anticis  croceis,  linea 
tenui  basali  nlritiqne  fusco-marginata,  strigulis  tribus  costa,  tribus  dorsi, 
introrsum  fusco-marginatis,  albis,  scpiamis  fuscis  disci  pone  medium, 
striola  apicis  nigra.     Exp.  al.  4  lin. 

Head  pale  saflVon.  Face  and  palpi  white.  Anterior  wings  shining 
saOVon,  the  basal  streak  rather  slender,  (lark-niar[/uied  on  both  sides ;  on 
the  costa  are  three  white  streaks  {a  fourth  is  totalli/  wanting),  and  three 
others  arc  on  the  inner  margin,  are  all  dark-margined  towards  the  base, 
the  first  pair  most  strongly ;  some  dark  scales  lie  on  the  disc  beyond 
the  middle;  beyond  the  apex  of  the  third  costal  streak  conmicnces  the 
a])ical  black  streak ;  sonic  dark  scales  in  the  cilia  run  round  the  apex 
of  the  wing.     Posterior  wings  leaden-grey  ;   cilia  paler. 

A  single  sj)ccimen,  taken  at  Sauderstead  in  May,  by  Mr. 
Douglas,  is  in  his  collection. 

G.  quinqueguttella,  Sta.  Sup.  Cat.  p.  13  (1851).  Alis  anticis 
croceis,  linea  basali  argenteo-alba,  utrinque  fusco-marginata,  strigula  ad 


LITIIOCOLLETIS.  269 

costam  appUcata  prope  basim  fusco-iiiarjiinata,  strigulis  qiiatuor  cost.T, 
tribiis  dorsi,  iutrorsiira  fusco-iuarginatis,  argcntco-albis,  striola  apicis 
nigra.     Exp.  al.  3  liii. 

Head  saffron.  Face  and  palpi  white.  Antenna;  fuscons,  with  wliitish 
annuUitions.  Anterior  wings  briglit  saiVron,  basal  streak  silvery-while, 
dark-iiiai'f/ined  on  hoik  sides ;  above  it  aIo)i(j  the  costa  is  a  silvery-white 
streak,  (|uitc  detached  from  the  next  costal  spot  and  7cith  a  distinct 
dark  margin ;  beyond  are  the  ordinary  four  costal  and  three  dorsal 
spots,  all  internally  dark-margined,  except  the  last  costal  spot,  which  is 
situated  in  the  apex  immediately  above  tiie  apical  black  streak  ;  below 
it  are  some  black  scales  in  the  cilia  reaching  to  the  anal  angle.  Pos- 
terior wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Taken  among  sallows  in  May  and  July,  by  j\Ir.  Ilodgkinson 
and  Mr.  C.  S.  Gregson. 

7.  nigrescentella,  Logan,  Ent.  Trans,  i.  n.  s.  182,  pi.  xv.  f.  9 
(18.51).  Alls  anticis  fitsco-nigris,  linea  basali  ntrinque  fusco-raarginata 
argentea,  strigulis  qiiatuor  costa;,  tribus  dorsi  argenteis,  prima  cost;c 
cum  prima  ac  secunda  dorsi  confluente,  puncto  ajiicis  ovato  nigro. 
Exp.  al.  4:}  lin. 

Head  brownish-black.  Face  and  palpi  metallic.  Antcnnrc  brownish- 
black,  the  tip  white.  Anterior  wings  dark  brown,  inclining  to  black ; 
the  silvery  basal  streak  is  dark-margined  on  both  sides ;  on  the  costa 
are  four  silvery  spots,  and  on  the  inner  margin  arc  three,  none  are 
dark-margined ;  the  first  pair  of  spots  meeting  form  an  angulated  fas- 
cia, and  the  apex  of  the  dorsal  spot  is  continued  towards  the  apex  of 
the  second  costal  spot ;  the  apical  black  spot  is  slightly  of  an  oval 
form  (very  nearly  round).  Posterior  wings  brownish-grey  ;  cilia  paler,  /? 
striking/paler  at  their  origin.  <-^ 

A  single  specimen,  taken  near  Morpetli  in  IMay,  by  !Mr.  Scott.      ^  / 

8.  irradiella,  Scott,  n.  sp.  Alis  anticis  olivaceo-fuscis,  linea  basali 
tenui  abbreviata  argentea,  strigulis  tribus  abbrcviatis  costoe,  tribus 
dorsi  (ultima  parva)  argenteis,  apicc  atro-squamato.     Exp.  al.  3  lin. 

Head  black.  Fack  and  jialpi  silvery.  Antenn;e  dark  fuscous,  be- 
fore the  apex  white.  Anterior  wings  oHvaceous-fi(scotis,  wnth  a  slender, 
short,  silvery  basal  streak,  and  three  short  costal  streaks  and  three  dor- 
sal streaks  silvery ;  the  last  dorsal  streak  is  small  and  inconspicuous  ; 
at  the  apex  are  a  few  black  scales,  beyoiul  which  the  cilia  are  rather 
iridescent ;  beyond  the  dark  hinder-marginal  line  the  cilia  arc  fuscous. 
Posterior  wings  dark  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

A  single  specimen,  taken  by  ]\[r.  Scott  in  the  beginning  of 
July,  near  llenfrcw,  amongst  birches.  ^Ir.  Scott,  with  the  view 
that  the  information  to  be  derived  from  the  sight  of  the  uni([uc 
specimens  of  this  and  the  preceding  species,  might  be  more 
widely  disseminated  than  if  tluiy  remained  in  his  own  collection, 
has  with  extreme  liberality  placed  them  in  mine. 


270  L1TH0C0LLET1D.E. 

9.  lautella,  Zell.  L,  E.  i.  19  i.  pi.  1.  f.  14  (1846) ;  Sta.;  v.  Nicelli. 
Alis  auticis  rnfo-aiirnH(iis,  liiiea  basali  abbreviata  (mjentca,  utriuque 
iiigro-viarginaln,  strigulis  quatuor  costa?  (ultima  iutcrdum  obsoleta) 
duabus  dorsi  argenk'h,  iutrorsuaa  nigro-raarg-iuatis,  prima  costte,  duabus- 
que  dorsi  utrinque  nigro-marginatis,  squainis  uommllis  argeiiteis  supra 
aiigulum  analem,  striola  apicis  ovata  nigra.     Exp.  al.  3|-4  liu. 

Head  black.  Face  and  palpi  metallic.  Antennte  black,  before  the 
apex  white.  Anterior  wings  very  bright  reddkli-orangt^,  with  a  short 
silvery  basal  streak  d;\rk-margined  on  both  sides ;  from  the  costa  are 
four  silvery  streaks  (the  last  frequently  obsolete),  tlie  first  is  dark-mar- 
gined on  both  sides,  the  others  only  on  the  side  towards  the  base  of 
the  wing;  on  the  inner  margin  are  two  silvery  streaks,  dark-margined 
on  both  sides,  the  first  is  almost  perpendicular  and  nearly  meets  the  first 
costal  streak ;  above  the  anal  angle  are  a  few  silvery  scales ;  the  apical 
black  streak  is  somewhat  oval,  but  not  very  distinct ;  cilia  beyond  the 
dark  hinder-marginal  line  grey.  Posterior  wings  dark  grey,  with  paler 
cilia. 

Appears  in  May  and  August.  The  larva  feeds  in  oak-leaves ; 
it  forms  an  elongate,  very  fine  cocoon. 

10.  pomifoliella,  Zell.  L.  E.  i.  196.  pi.  i.  f.  15  (1846);  Sta.— 
var.  ?  JununleUa,  Sta.  Alis  anticis  croceis,  linea  basali  postice  acute 
teruihiata,  costam  versus  fuseo-marginata,  alba,  strigulis  quatuor  cost;^, 
tribus  dorsi  introrsum,  prima  costao,  prima  secundaque  dprsi  utrinque 
fusco-marginatis,  albis,  striola  apicis  obsoleta  nigra.     Exp.  al.  3-4  lin. 

Head  bright  saffron-yellow.  Face  and  ])alpi  white.  Antennsxi  white, 
annulated  with  fuscous.  Hinder  tarsi  whitish,  spotted  icllli  dark  fus- 
cous. Anterior  wings  bright  saftVon-\  ellow,  varying  to  golden-brown ; 
the  basal  streak  is  white,  it  gradually  thickens  to  beyond  its  middle 
and  then  terminates  in  a  jmnt;  the  side  towards  the  costa  and  the  under- 
side of  the  apex  are  dark-margined ;  on  the  costa  are  four  white  streaks 
and  on  the  inner  margin  are  three,  all  are  internally  dark-margined ; 
the  first  costal  and  two  first  dorsal  streaks  are  dark-margined  on  both 
sides ;  beyond  these  are  some  dark  scales  on  the  disc,  and  at  the  apex 
of  the  wing  is  an  obscure  black  streak.  Posterior  wings  grey,  with 
paler  cilia. 

Abundant  in  May  and  August.  The  larva  mines  the  underside 
of  the  leaves  of  Avhitethorn  (and  apple?). 

11.  Coryli,  v.  Nicelli,  Ent.  Ztg.  1851,  p.  26;  Sta.  vUis  anticis 
ochrels  vel  ochreo-tirun.)iels,  hnca  basali  nivca,  nun  ofiscure  liutnjhidta, 
strigulis  (|uatuor  costpe,  tribus  dorsi  niveis  introrsum  fuseo-marginatis, 
striola  a])ieis  nigra.     Exp.  al.  '6\  lin. 

Head  dull  ochrcous.  Face  and  palpi  white.  Antennte  white,  faintly 
annulated  with  pale  fuscous.  Hinder  tarsi  white,  spotted  with  dark 
fuscous.  Anterior  wings  ochreous  or  ochreous-brovvn,  with  a  straight 
snowy-white  basal  streak  with  no  dark  margin,  and  with  four  costal  and 


I.ITnOCOLLETIS.  271 

three  dorsal  streaks  snowy-white,  dark-margined  towards  the  base  of 
the  winp;;  the  apical  black  streak  is  rather  short.  Posterior  wings 
grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Abundant  in  May  and  August,  'riic  larva  mines  the  vpper  side 
of  the  leaves  of  the  nut ;  the  large  white  blotches  it  makes  arc 
very  conspicuous ;  when  fuU-lcd  it  causes  the  leaf  to  pucker  very 
considerably,  consccpiently,  by  the  distortion  of  the  leaf^  the  age 
of  the  larva  may  be  known. 

12.  spinicolella  (Kollar),  Zell.  L.  E.  i.  203.  Anm.  1  (1846).— 
Pomoncda  (sp'uticoh'Ua),  Sta. — var.?  PomoneUa  {Jcjlcxella),  Sta.  Alis 
anticis  dilute  eroceis,  linca  ti'imi  basali  alba,  cosfam  versus  fiiseo-mar- 
ginatis,  strigulis  qiiatuor  costje,  tribus  dorsi  iutrorsum  fusco-marginatis, 
striola  apicis  nigra.     Exp.  al.  3-3i  lin. 

Head  pale  salTron.  Face  and  palpi  white.  Antenna^  white,  with 
faintly  darker  annulations.  Hinder  tarsi  white,  unspotted.  Anterior 
wings  shining  pale  saftVon-yellow,  with  a  slender  white  basal  streak 
dark-margined  towards  the  costa,  and  with  four  costal  and  three  dorsal 
streaks  white,  with  dark  margins  (sometimes  very  faint)  towards  the 
base  of  the  wing ;  the  apical  streak  is  ovate  and  blackish.  Posterior 
wings  pale  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Common  in  August.  The  larva  mines  tlie  underside  of  the 
sloe-leaves  in  July.  The  variety  ?  dejle.vella  (which  dillcrs  only 
in  having  the  anterior  wings  irrorated  with  pale  fuscous,  and  the 
basal  streak  dejiected  into  the  first  dorsal  streak,)  is  common 
among  sloe-bushes  in  May;  it  is  probably  only  the  other  brood 
of  spinicolella. 

13.  Faginella  (Mann),  Zell.  L.  E.  i.  20-t.  Anm.  iii.  (IS  If,);  Sta. 
— ftiillfollelld,  ^'wcom. — Pomonella,  Sta.  (Zool.  IStS);  v.  Nicelli. — var. 
sccnriferella,  Sta. — Mfr'stlngdla,  Miiller?  Alis  anticis  d'dide  eroceis, 
linea  basali  alba  non  oJjscure  niargbKda,  strigulis  (juatuor  dorsi,  iutror- 
sum late  fasco-riiarginatis  albis,  striola  apicis  nigra.  Exp.  al.  3.',-l| 
lin. 

Head  pale  salTron-ycllow.  Pace  and  jialpi  white.  Anlcnnns  white, 
annnlatcd  with  very  pale  fuscous.  Hinder  tarsi  entirely  whitish,  or 
spotted  with  very  pale  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  j)ale  saflVon-yellow, 
with  a  straight,  vnmaryined,  white  basal  streak,  and  with  four  costal  and 
three  dorsal  white  streaks,  which  have  distinct  and  broad  dark  mortjins 
towards  the  base  of  the  wing ;  between  the  second  pair  of  spots  are 
frerpiently  some  dark  scales  on  the  disc;  the  black  apical  streak  is 
rather  oval.     Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  with  ochreous-grey  cilia. 

Abundant  in  May  and  August.  The  larva  mines  the  under- 
side of  the  beech-leaves  in  autumn  and  July. 

14.  salicicolella,  Sireom,  Zool.  1818,  p.  2:271;  Sta. —  Caprccella, 
v.  Nicelli.     Alis  anticis  dilute  ochreis  vel  ochreo-brunneis,  liuea  basali 


272  LITHOCOLLETIDvE. 

tenuissima  alba  non  obscure  marginata,  strigulis  quatuor  costfe,  tribus 
dorsi  introrsum  fusco-marginatis,  albis  albidisve,  squamis  sparsis  nigris 
disci,  puucto  ovato  apicis  nigro.     Exp.  al.  3i-4^. 

Head  saftVon-yellow,  moi'c.  or  less  mixed  with  brownish.  Pace  and 
palpi  white.  Antennas  whitish,  with  darker  annulatious,  before  the 
apex  white.  Hinder  tarsi  whitish,  sometimes  spotted  pale  fuscous. 
Anterior  wings  sJibi'uig  pule  saffron-gellojo,  or  oclireons-brown,  with  a 
veri/  decider,  unmarg'uted,  white  or  whitish  basal  streak ;  on  the  inner 
margin  near  the  base  is  an  Incompicuous  white  spot  or  streak,  ichlch 
does  not  reach  the  basal  streak ;  on  the  costa  are  four  and  on  the  inner 
margin  are  three  white  or  whitish  streaks,  all  are  dark-margined  to- 
wards the  base  of  the  wing ;  the  first  pair  of  spots  frequently  unite  and 
form  an  angulated  fascia ;  between  these  and  the  third  pair  of  spots 
are  numerous  black  scales  on  the  disc ;  at  the  apex  is  an  ovate,  rarely 
streak-formed  black  spot.  Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  with  ochreous- 
grey  cilia. 

Tliis  species  is  susceptible  of  considerable  variation ;  it  is  com- 
mon in  May  and  August.  The  larva  mines  the  underside  of  the 
leaves  of  the  sallow  in  autumn  and  July. 

15.  vimmetorum,  n.  sp.  Alis  anticis  ocJtreo-hruHueis,  linea  ba- 
sali  te?/.iiisshjia  alba,  kOH  obscure  marginata,  cum  apice  triangull  dorsalis 
albi  (non  obscure  marginati)  confluente,  fascia  angnlata  in  medio,  stvi- 
gulis  tribus  costa?,  duabus  dorsi  albis,  puncto  ovato  apicis  nigro.  Exp. 
al.  3  M  Hill- 
Head  saffron-yellow,  mixed  with  brownish.  Pace  and  palpi 
whitish.  Antenna?  whitish,  with  darker  annulatious,  the  apex  white. 
Anterior  wings  dull  ocJtreous-brown,  with  a  very  slender,  tiniiiargined, 
white  basal  streak ;  on  the  inner  margin  near  the  base  is  an  unmar- 
giued  wliite  triangle,  the  apex  of  ivhich  reaches  to  the  basal  streak ;  in 
the  middle  is  an  angulated  white  fascia,  slightly  margined  with  dark 
scales  internally ;  beyond  are  three  costal  and  two  dorsal  white  streaks, 
the  first  pair  of  which  only  are  distinct,  and  internally  dark-margined ; 
at  tlie  apex  is  an  ovate  black  spot.  Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 
I  bred  many  hundreds  of  tins  from  larv^ic  mining  in  the  under- 
side of  the  leaves  of  the  osier  m  autumn ;  all  the  specimens  thus 
bred,  though  showing  some  slight  variation,  are  constant  in  their 
differences  from  the  preceding,  and  I  cannot  but  think  it  speci- 
fically distinct. 

Ifi.  Carpinicolella,  Sta.   Sup.  Cat.  p.  13   (1851). — iUcifoliella, 
Sta.  (Zool.  iStS). — Meyj/lella,  Haw.?  Step.?     Alis  anticis  dilute  cro- 
ceis,  linea  basali  recta  alba  non  obscure  viarginata,  strigulis  quatuor 
^^'j/i^J  "^    costcv,  tribus  dorsi  albis,  introrsum  h\9,co-md.rg\ni\ih,  prima  costce  cx- 
cepta,  quiie /;^r  costam  basim  versus  prod  acta  est.     Exp.  al.  4  lin. 

Head  pale  saffron.  Pace  and  palpi  white.  Antennix;  whitish,  an- 
nulated  with  pale  fuscous.     Hinder  tarsi  whitish,  spotted  with  dark 


(PfX 


I.lTllOCOLLETIS.  273 

fuscous.  Anterior  w'nvjs  pale  sallVou-yellow,  wiili  a  straiii'lit  white,  loi- 
liiarf/'ntcd  basal  streak,  and  four  costal  and  three  dorsal  wliite  streaks; 
all  these  have  dark  margins  towards  the  base  of  the  wing-,  exrcpL  the 
first  codal  streak,  wJiic/i  is  conthmed  along  the  costa  towards  the  base  of 
the  wi)ir; ;  at  the  a])ex  is  a  short  black  streak.  Posterior  wings  pale 
grey,  with  ochreous-grey  cilia. 

Xot  uiicomniou  in  .i\Iay  nud  August.  The  larva  mines  in  the 
upper  side  of  the  leaves  of  the  hornbeam  in  aulunin  and  -Inly. 

17.  ulmifoliella,  Iliib.  Tin.  Ill-  (I^IG);  Treit. ;  Dnp. ;  Zell. 
L.  E.  i.  210.  pi.  1.  f.  18;  Sta. ;  V.  Nicelli.  Alis  antieis  saturate  cro- 
ceis,  linea  basali  recta  albida  codam  versus  nigro-nun'ginatnj/rtvc/c/  an- 
gulata  ante  medium,  strigulis  tribns  costra  {tertla  aplcali),  diiabus  dorsi, 
introrsum  nigro-marginatis,  albidis,  punclo  rotuudo  apicis  alro.  Exp. 
al.  4  lin. 

Head  dark  saflfron  or  brownish.  Face  white,  inclining  to  metallic. 
Palpi  white,  Antennfe  fuscous,  l)cfore  tiie  apex  white.  Anterior  wings 
deep  saU'ron,  iuclbtbig  to  brownish,  with  a  straight,  rather  short,  whitisli 
basal  streak,  dark-margined  towards  the  costa,  with  an  angulated  wiiitish 
fascia,  internally  dark-margined  ;  beyond  are  three  costal  and  two  dorsal 
whitish  streaks,  internally  dark-margined  ;  the  last  costal  streak  is  ini- 
mediatehj  over  the  round  apical  black  spot.  Posterior  wings  grey,  with 
paler  cilia. 

Abundant  in  Islnx  and  August.  The  larva,  mines  the  uiuler- 
side  of  the  leaves  of  the  b'lrck  in  autumn  ami  July. 

18.  Spinolella,  Dnp.  L.  F.  xi.  .535.  pi.  3U8.  f.  8  (1S3S);  Sta. ; 
V.  Nicelli. — hilarella,  Zett.  ?  Alis  antieis  croceis,  ])aullulum  grisco-irro- 
ratis,  linea  brevi  basali  alba  non  obscure  inar[/i)iata,  fascia  arcnata  ante, 
strigulis  tribus  costa',  duabus  ilorsi  pone  medium,  introrsum  fusco-mar- 
ginatis,  a!!)is,  s([uamis  nigris  disci,  striola  apicis  ovata  nigra,  hlxp.  ah 
3M^  lin. 

Head  yellowish-white.  Face  and  palj)i  white.  Antenna;  whitish, 
annulated  with  fuscous,  l)efore  tin;  apex  white.  Anterior  wings  salfron- 
yellow,  more  or  less  sutl'nsed  with  grey,  with  a  short  umnargined  white 
basal  streak,  a  slightlg-curced  \\\\\{xi  fascia  before  the  middle,  internally 
dark-margined,  and  b(!yond  the  middle  three  costal  and  two  dorsal 
white  streaks,  internally  dark-margined ;  between  the  tirst  p-air  of 
spots  arc  some  dark  scales  on  the  disc;  the  apical  black  spot  is  rather 
small  and  oval.      Posterior  wings  grey,  with  jjaler  cilia. 

Local;  it  occurs  at  Bristol,  iiuiklerslitld,  and  in  the  soulh  of 
Scotland.  Connnon  in  Tday  and  An.gnst.  'I'he  larva  mines  in 
the  leaves  of  tiic  sallow  in  antiuun  and  Jtdy. 

1'.).  quercifoliella  (K.  v.  K.),  Zdl.  Isis,  1831),  p.  217;  Id.  L.  K. 
i.  2  1  S.  pi.  I.  f.  22  ;  Sta.  ;  v.  Nicelli ;  Dup.  ? — llarrisr-ll,i,  var.  /:(,  Haw. 
— Ilarrisella,  Step.?  Alis  antieis  dilute  croceis  vel  ])allide  oehreis, 
linea  basali  longa,  hand  pallidiore,  n.trinque  fusco-niarginala,  strigulis 

VOL.    til.  2   N 


274  LITFIOCOLLKTID-'R. 

([uatuor  cost.T,  tribus  dorsi,  iiitrorsum  fusco-niarginatis,  albidis,  pmicto 
apicis  rotundo  atro.     Exp.  al.  S^-i  lin. 

Head  pale  saffron-yellow.  Face  and  pal])i  silvcrv-wliite.  Antennae 
yellowish,  annulated  with  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  pale  saffron-yellow 
or  very  pale  ochreous,  with  a  haml  lint'  of  the  fjroHiid-colovr,  ilark-mar- 
(jlned  on  both  aides,  ienuinatiiif/  in  the  fold  beyond  the  middle,  and  with 
four  costal  and  three  dorsal  streaks  paler,  internally  with  dark  margins  ; 
the  first  costal  streak  is  dark-margined  on  both  sides ;  between  the 
second  and  third  pairs  of  streaks  are  some  dark  scales  on  the  disc ;  the 
black  apical  sj)ot  is  round.     Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Abundant  in  May  and  August.  The  larva  mines  the  underside 
of  the  leaves  of  the  oak  in  autumn  and  July. 

f  \7TTT  ^*^'  ^es^asiiella,  Zell.  L.  E.  i.  221.  pi.  1.  f.  23  (1846);  Sta. 

^'^— — ■       Alls  anticis  dilute  croccis,  linca  hix-SiAM  hand  pallidiore,  vtrinque  fusco- 

L-0<-'^        marginata,  strigulis  (juatuor  costa\  tribus  dorsi  {jviina  tonga,  apicc  idtra 

secimdain  prodticto),  introrsuna  fusco-uiarginatis  albidis,  puncto  apicis 

rotundo  atro.     Exp.  al.  4— U  lin. 

Head  saffron-yellow.  Face  and  palpi  whitish.  Antenn;c  whitish, 
annulated  with  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  saffron-yellow,  with  a  straight 
basal  line  hardlg  pater  titan  the  ground-colour,  dark-viargined  on  both 
sides,  terminating  before  the  middle,  and  with  four  costal  and  three 
dorsal  streaks  yellowish-white;  the  first  costal  is  dark-margined  on 
both  sides,  the  others  only  internally ;  the  first  dorsal  streak  is  very 
long  and  curved,  its  apex  reaching  over  the  apex  of  the  second  dorsal  spot, 
its  apical  half  is  dark-margined  on  both  sides,  the  other  spots  are  only 
dark-margined  internally ;  the  third  dorsal  spot  is  very  indistinct ;  the 
black  apical  spot  is  round.     I'osterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Very  abundant  in  the  south  of  Eng'land,  apjx^aring  in  May, 
August;  and  November.  The  larva  mines  by  preference  the  un- 
derside of  the  leaves  of  the  evergreen  oak,  during  the  winter  and 
spring,  and  in  July  and  (3ctobcr,  but  it  also  feeds  on  oak,  horn- 
beam, chestnut,  etc. 

21.  corylifoliella,  Haw.  L.  B.  580  (1829);  Step.;  Sta.;  Hiib.? 
— utmifolietla.  Step.  ?  Alls  anticis  ochreo-rufis,  linea  tenuissiina  basali, 
strigulis  oppositis  oblifpiis  tenuissimis  in  medio,  strigula  parva  dorsi 
prope  anguluni  analeni,  striguhique  minore  costcU  ajucem  versus,  albidis, 
striola  apicis  einerea.     Exp.  al.  4^  lin. 

Head  reddish-ochreous.  Face  and  palpi  whitish.  Antenna^  whitish, 
annulated  with  fuscous.  Hinder  tarsi  whitish,  spotted  with  dark  fns- 
cf)us.  Anterior  wings  reddish-ochreous,  with  a  very  slender  unniargined 
whitisji  basal  streak  ;  in  the  miildle  arc  two  very  slender  obi iqnehj -placed 
opjjosite  v^hitish  streaks;  both  are  preceded  by  a  few  dark  scales,  which 
are  continued  along  the  margins  towards  the  base  of  the  wing;  beyond 
the  streak  are  two  (sometimes  united)  dark  grey  patches,  one  on  the 
costa,  the  otiier  beneath  the  apex  of  the  dorsal  streak,  this  is  frecpiently 
continued  towards  the  apex  of  the  wing';  on  the  inner  margin  near  the 


LITIIOCOLLETIS.  275 

anal  angle  is  a  small  whitish  spot,  preceded  ])y  a  few  dark  scales,  and 
on  the  costa  near  the  apex  is  a  still  smaller  whitish  spot.  Posterior 
wings  dark  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Common  in  the  south  of  England,  in  INfay  and  August.  The 
larva  mines  the  upper  side  of  the  leaves  of  the  liawthorn,  forming 
of  it  one  large  blister,  and  by  the  contraction  of  the  up[)er  side, 
when  full-fed,  completely  folding  the  leaf;  it  may  be  met  with  in 
autumn,  and  in  July. 

22.  Caledoniella,  Sta.  Sup.  Cat.  p.  12  (18.51).  Alis  anticis 
ocliracco-riijh,  poalke  uigro-sijuaiiKilis,  linea  tainisslvia  basali,  strigulis 
oppositis  obliquis  tenuissimis  in  medio,  strigula  parva  dorsi  ad  angidum 
analem,  strigulacjuc  niinorc  costi.e  apicem  versus  alltk,  striola  apieis 
nigra.     Exp.  al.  4i  lin. 

Head  reddish-ochreous.  Face  and  palpi  white.  Antemue  whitish, 
with  darker  annulations.  Hinder  tarsi  whitish,  unspotted.  Anterior 
wings  reddiih-ocJtreous,  posteriori  1/  much  s/iff'/m'd  lo'dh  black  scales,  witli 
a  very  slender  vmraargined  white  basal  streak ;  in  the  middle  are  two 
very  slender  ohliqnely -placed  opposite  irldte  streaks,  internally  broadly 
marf/ined  with  black  scales,  externally  the  black  scales  form  an  angulated 
fascia,  from  the  angle  of  which  produced  the  apical  streak  is  formed ; 
there  is  a  small  white  spot  at  the  anal  angle,  and  another  iunnediately 
above  the  apical  streak.     Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Has  occurred,  though  sparingly,  in  tlie  north  of  England  and 
south  of  Scotland,  in  May  and  June,  among  o;iks  and  honey- 
suckle. 

23.  viminiella,  Sircom,  Zool.  18i8,  p.  2271;  Sta.  Alis  anticis 
obscure  ochreis,  linea  tevmi  basali,  strigulis  quatuor  costif ,  tribus  dorsi 
dilntiori/jHs,  secunda  costio,  secuudaciue  dorsi  introrsum  fusco-margina- 
tis,  Icrtia  quartacpie  costtc,  tertia(|ue  dorsi  obsoletissimis,  scpiamis  nigris 
disci  in  striolam  nigram  apieis  exeuntibus.     Exp.  al.  •!•  lin. 

Head  ochreons.  Face  and  palpi  white.  Antennae  whitish,  anmdated 
with  ])alc  fuscous.  Hinder  tarsi  whitish,  with  faint  fuscous  spots. 
Anterior  wings  dull-ochreoas,  with  a  slcmlcr  basal  streak,  four  costal 
and  three  dorsal  streaks  very  pule  ochreons;  the  second  i)air  of  streaks 
are  internally  dark-margined,  and  some  dark  scales  at  their  apices  are 
continued  to  the  apical  black  streak  ;  the  two  last  costal  streaks  and 
the  tliird  dorsal  streak  arc  frequently  very  indistinct.  Posterior  wings 
grey,  with  ochreous-grey  cilia. 

llare  near  London ;  common  in  tlie  west  of  Kngland  (liristol 
and  Devonshire),  in  May  uiul  August.  The  larva  mines  the  un- 
derside of  the  leaves  of  tlie  sallow,  in  autumn  and  July. 

21.  Scopariella  (Tischer),  Zell.  L.  E.  i.  227.  pi.  1.  f.  2G  (1^10); 
Sta.  Alis  anticis  obscure  croceis,  linea  tenui  basali,  sn>pe  cmn,  strifficla 
prima  costa  conj/mcta,  strigulis  (piatuor  costic,  tribus  dorsi  albis,  striola 
parva  apieis  nigra.     Exp.  al.  3.2-4  lin. 


3/()  LITllOCOLLETJD.-K. 

Head  whitish,  mixed  with  odireoiis.  Face  and  palpi  white.  An- 
tenna' with  pale  fuscous  aunulations.  Anterior  wings  dull  sattVon-yel- 
low,  \vith  a  slender  basal  streak,  four  costal  and  three  dorsal  streaks, 
wliite  and  unniargined ;  the  basal  streak  is  at  iirst  straight,  but  after- 
wards turns  towards  the  costa,  andfrcqnenllij  unites  with  the  first  costal 
strc'f/l-,  which  is  obliquely  placed  and  ratlwr  tony,  frequently  uniting 
with  the  iirst  dorsal  streak ;  between  the  apices  of  the  second  pair  of 
st]-eaks  are  some  dark  scales,  and  a  small  black  streak  is  in  the  apex  of 
the  wing;  cilia  pale  ochreous  and  whitish,  ^citlt  no  dark  Jdnder-viarijinat 
line.     Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Occurs  among  brooin  in  June  and  July.  I  liave  met  with  it 
at  Hartford  licatii;,  and  near  Airthrey. 

25.  mlicicolella  (Vaughan),  Sta.  Sup.  Cat.  p.  12  (1851).  Alis 
anticis  nitidis,  croceis,  linea  teuui  basali,  strignlis  quatuor  costEe,  tribus 
d(n'si  nitidis  albis,  striola  parva  apicis  nigra.     Exp.  al.  3|  lin. 

Head  saffron-yellow.  Face  and  palpi  white.  Antennre  dark  fus- 
cous, with  paler  aunulations,  before  the  a])ex  white.  Anterior  wings 
sliiniiKj  sallVon-yellow,  with  a  basal  streak,  four  costal  and  three  dorsal 
streaks  shining  white  and  unniargined  ;  the  basal  streak  is  slender,  and 
runs  near  the  costa,  and  almost  parallel  to  it ;  the  costal  streaks  are  all 
short ;  the  tirst  dorsal  streak  is  long,  obliquely  placed,  reaching  beyond 
the  middle  of  the  wing ;  between  the  third  pair  of  spots  are  a  few  dark 
scales  ;  at  the  apex  is  a  small  black  streak  ;  a  dark  hinder  marginal  line 
goes  round  the  aj)ex  of  the  viiig ;  cilia  grey.  Posterior  wings  grey,  with 
ochreous-grey  cilia. 

Discovered  by  Mr.  Vaughan  among  farzc-buslK's^  lunu'  Bristol, 
at  tlie  end  of  Jane.  I  have  since  found  it  among  furze-bushes 
on  ])arti'()rd  Heath,  in  July. 

20.  alnifoliella,  Hub.  Tin.  193  (1801);  Dup. ;  ?A^.—Alnietla, 
Zell.  L.  E.  i.  329.  pi.  1.  f.  27;  v.  Nicelli.— C';w«m'//ff,  Eab.  (G.  I.)? 
Dup.?  Alls  anticis  albidis  fuscisve,  linea  basali  latinsctda  alba,  coslam 
versus  fusco-marginata,  strignlis  quatuor  costal,  tribus  dorsi  albis,  in- 
trorsum  I'usco-marginatis,  pnncto  rotnndo  apicis  atro.  Exp.  al.  3.V-4 
lin. 

Head  whitish  or  dark  brown.  Face  and  palpi  white.  Antennte 
whitish,  with  darker  aunulations.  Anterior  wings  varying  in  colour  from 
whitish  to  dark  fuscous,  with  a  basal  streak,  four  costal  and  three  dor- 
sal streaks  white ;  the  basal  streak  is  rather  broad,  gradually  pointed, 
nearer  to  the  costa  than  to  the  inner  margin,  towards  the  costa  it  is 
dark-margined,  the  costal  and  dorsal  streaks  arc  all  dark-margined  to- 
wards the  base  of  the  wing;  the  hrst  costal  streak  is  dark-margined  on 
i)()th  sides,  it  is  long,  reaeJiing  more  than  half  across  the  icing ;  the  Iirst 
dorsal  streak  is  verg  broad  at  its  base,  not  reaching  as  far  across  the 
wing  as  the  second  dorsal  streak;  the  a/iical  spot  is  round  i\\\<\  black. 
I'o-tcrior  wings  grey,  willi  palei-  (;ilia. 

Abundant  in  May  ami  Augu;-(.     The  larva  mines  the  uiuler- 


iri'liOCOLLKTIS.  ill 

side  of  the  leaves  of  alders  in  autumn  and  July;  it  constructs  a 
firm  cocoon  of  an  ochreous  colour. 

27.  Heegeriella,  Zdl.  L.  E.  i.  233.  pi.  1.  f.  28  (1846);  Sta. ; 
V.  Xieelli. — /r/iel/a,  Sta.  Zool.  IS  1-8,  p.  2152.  Alls  auticis  albis,  li//ea 
hasall  fusca,  liueis  qHatuo)'  costa?,  trUjKs  dorsi  I'uscis,  iutrorsum  fus- 
ccscentc  luarginatis, /;««c/o  ovato  apicis  atro.     Exp.  al.  3^  liu. 

Head,  face,  lialjii,  and  antcunai  wliitc.  Anterior  wings  white,  with 
a  brownish-black  bam!  line,  and  foi/r  similarly  coloured  lines  from 
the  costa,  and  ///rce  from  the  inner  margin,  all  more  or  less  broadly 
bordered  internally  with  pale  fuscous,  their  exterior  margins  being 
white ;  the  black  apical  ,yiof  is  oval.  Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  with 
whitish  cilia. 

Not  uncommon,  appearing  in  May  and  August.  The  larva 
mines  in  the  leaves  of  the  oak  in  autumn  and  July. 

28.  Cramerella,  Fab.  E.  S.  iii.  2.  327. 173  (1791);  Haw.;  Step.; 
Zell. ;  Sta. ;  v.  Xieelli.  Alis  anticis  albidis,  lineis  iril/ifs  costac,  chtahHS 
dorsi  fusco-nigris,  iutrorsinn  fuscescente-niarginatis,  piiuclo  rotnmlo  api- 
cis atro.     Exp.  al.  3^-- 1}  lin. 

Head,  face,  palpi,  and  antenna3  white.  Anterior  wings  j)carly-whitc, 
with  three  dark  fuscous  lines  from  the  costa  and  two  from  the  inner 
margin,  all  internally  bordered  with  pale  fuscous,  sometimes  very 
broadly,  thus  making  the  apical  half  of  the  wing  pale  fuscous,  with 
merely  white  spots  on  the  exterior  margins  of  tlicse  lines ;  the  black 
ajjical  Hpot  is  round.     Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

A^cry  abundant  in  May  and  August.  The  larva  mines  the 
underside  of  the  leaves  of  the  oak  in  autumn  and  July;  owing  to 
the  number  of  the  oak-feeding  species,  the  individual  mines  of 
each  have  not  yet  been  sullicicutly  distinguished.  Looking  at 
the  infinite  variety  in  every  department  of  nature,  it  is  probable 
tliat  the  mine  of  each  species  has  some  distinctive  peculiarity. 

20.  tenella,  Zell.  L.  E.  i.  23().  pi.  1.  f.  30  (IS  10);  Sta.  Alis 
anticis  all)is,  strigulis  qnalnor  costa;,  tribns  dorsi  ochraceo-jlavidh,  cx- 
trorsum  fusco-marginatis,  tinea  apicis  jjosticc  iucrassata  atra.  I'Ap.  al. 
3.Vlin. 

Head  wdiitish.  Face  and  palpi  white;.  Antenna^  whitish,  amudaled 
with  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  white  or  whitish,  with  four  ijellou-ish 
streaks  from  the  costa,  and  three  Irom  the  inncn-  margin,  all  are  exter- 
nally dark-margined ;  at  the  apex  is  a  short  black  streak,  internally 
pointed,  externally  rounded  ;  above  and  below  it  the  wing  is  entirely 
ochreous.      Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Not  scarce  in  May  ami  August.  The  larva  mines  the  under- 
side of  the  leaves  of  tin;  hornbeam  in  antiuiui  aiul  Jidy. 

30.  sylvella,  Haw.  1,.  I'..  .")7'.)  (1S29)  ;  Step.;  Sta. — acerijhtiella, 
Zell.  L.  E.  i.  23'J.  pi.  1.  f.  32,  '.Vd.—aceruetlu,  Dup.     Alis  anticis  albis  (^  \K-Z':i. 


278  LITIIOCOLLETIDJE. 

strigis  duahus  hisc\s,fascl/s  dnahns  ocJiraceis  angulatis  fusco-marginatis, 
seciinda  postice  cum  tert'ia  recta  colia^reiitc,  maculis  parvis  oclivaceo- 
fuscis,  duabus  costse,  una  dorsi  striola  apicis  nigra.     Exp.  al.  3-4  lin. 

Head  wliitish.  Face  and  palpi  white.  Antenna3  whitish,  annuhited 
witli  dark  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  wliite ;  at  the  extreme  base  are 
one  or  two  dark  fuscous  spots,  beyond  are  two  trcmsverse  dark  fuscous 
sti'caks  ;  a  little  before  the  middle  is  an  angulated  ocJireous-brotvn  fascia, 
followed  by  a  second  more  acutely  angulated,  frequently  with  a  project- 
ing tooth  towards  the  pi"evious  fascia,  both  these  are  dark-margined  on 
both  sides ;  meeting  the  angle  of  the  second  fascia  is  a  slraiyJit,  rather 
ol)li(|ue  third  fascia,  less  distinctly  dark-margined;  beyond  are  two 
small  ochreous-brown  spots  on  the  costa,  and  one  on  the  inner  margin; 
the  apical  black  streak  is  long  and  narrow.  Posterior  wings  grey,  with 
paler  cilia. 

Common  iu  May  and  August.  The  larva  mines  the  underside 
of  tlie  leaves  of  the  maple  in  autumn  and  July ;  it  is  almost  in- 
variably at  the  edge  of  the  leaf. 

31.  emberizsepennella,  Bouche,  Natur.  132  (1834) ;  Zell.  L.  E, 
i.  241.  pi.  ].  f.  34;  Sta. ;  v.  NiceUi;  Dougl.  Ent.  Trans,  ii.  n.  s.  122. 
pi.  13.  f.  3;  Dup.?  Alis  anticis  croceis,  tinea  ahhrcmata  hasati  atbida, 
fasciis  duabus,  priore  arcuata,  secunda  angulata,  albidis,  introrsum  ni- 
gro-marginatis,  strigulis  dnal)i(s  costa?,  tribus  dorsi  albidis,  prima  costse 
primaque  dorsi  introrsum  nigro-marginatis,  squamis  inter  eas  nonnuUis 
nigris  disci  apicem  versus.     Exp.  al.  4-5  lin. 

Head  ochreous-saftVon.  Face  and  palpi  white.  Antenna?  whitish, 
with  darker  annulations.  Anterior  wings  saffron-yellow,  with  a  very 
short,  umnargined,  whitish  basat  streak;  innncdiately  beyond  it  is  a 
slightly  curved  whitish  fascia,  and  in  the  middle  is  an  angulated  whitish 
fascia,  both  are  internally  dark-margined  ;  beyond  are  two  costal,  and 
three  dorsal  whitish  streaks,  the  first  pair  are  internally  dark-margined, 
and  l)ctwceu  them  are  some  black  scales  on  the  disc  continued  towards 
the  apex.     Posterior  wings  grey,  with  ochrcous  cUia. 

Not  scarce  in  the  larva  state;  the  perfect  insect  is  less  fre- 
quently met  with.  It  appears  in  May  and  August;  the  larva 
mines  the  underside  of  the  leaves  of  the  honeysuckle,  making  its 
mine  nearly  as  large  as  the  leaf,  which  it  does  noi  contort  at  a 
right  angle  laterally. 

32.  Frblichiella,  Zcll.  Isis,  183!),  p.  218  ;  Id.  L.  E.  i.  2  tS.  pi.  1. 

f.  35  ;  V.  NiceUi;  Sta.  Zool.  1851  ;  Dnp.  ?  Alis  anticis  tatioribus,  sa- 
turate croceis  (basi  pallidiore),  fasciis  tril)us  argenteo-liavidis  (prima  se- 
cuiulaque  fere  rectis,  tertia  angulata  e  maculis  duabus  oppositis  cora- 
posita),  strigulis  duabus  cost;x),  una  dorsi  introrsum  fusco-marginatis, 
striola  apicis  otjscnra.      Exp.  al.  4J  lin. 

Head  reddish-oranges  Faceaiul  ]ialpi  white.  Antenna' dark  brown, 
with  paler  annulations,  the  tip  whitish.     Anterior  wings  rather  broad, 


LITIIOCOLLKTIS.  279 

n'ddhh-oran(je  (the  extreme  base  palm-),  with  three  yellowish-silvery 
fasciffi;  the  tirst  slightly  eurved,  the  seeoiul  nearly  straight,  the  third 
distinctly  angulated,  composed  of  two  opjiosite  spots,  between  the 
apices  of  which  are  some  dark  scales,  all  llicse  are  dark-margined  to- 
wards the  base  of  the  wing,  and  their  dark  margins  fade  gradually  into 
the  ground-colour ;  beyond  are  two  small  silvery  streaks  on  the  costa 
and  one  at  the  anal  angle  ;  tlie  dark  apiccd  streak  is  not  collected  into  a 
regular  form.     Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Hitherto  very  scarce  in  this  country ;  I  once  took  a  specimen  near 
York,  among  alders  in  ^fay.  The  birva  (according  to  v.  NiccUi) 
mines  tlic  nnderside  of  the  leaves  of  alders. 

33.  Dunningiella,  Sta.  Ent.  Ztg.  1852,  p.  8S.—FriJlic/iiella, 
Sta.  Zool.  1S4-S.  Alls  anticis  anff/istnlis,  riifo-brnnueis,  fasciis  duabus 
argenteo-flavidis  fere  rectis,  strigulis  tribas  costa%  diiabiis  dorsi  ar- 
genteo-tlavidis,  introrsum  fuseo-margiuatis,  striola  apicis  n///ra.  Exp. 
al.  -i  lin. 

Head  dark  reddish-brown.  Face  and  palpi  white.  Antcumc  dark 
brown,  the  tip  whitish.  Anterior  wings  narroto,  dark  reddish-Zi/'o/cM 
(the  extreme  base  paler),  with  two  slightly  ciu'ved  fascia;,  three  costal 
and  two  dorsal  streaks  silvery,  yet  rather  of  a  yellowish  tinge;  all  these 
markings  are  dark-margined  on  the  side  towards  the  base ;  the  first 
costal  streak  is  rather  anterior  to  the  first  dorsal  streak,  hence  they 
have  not  so  much  the  appearance  of  an  angulated  fascia  as  in  Tri'ili- 
chiella ;  the  apical  black  streak  is  oval  and  more  collected  into  a  recjidar 
form  than  in  Frolichiella.     Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Appears  in  May  and  August;  occurring  in  the  vicinity  of  oaks 
and  iHit-buslies. 

34-.  Wicellii  (Zelh),  Sta.  Zool.  18.51,  App.  c\\\\\.—iristigella,  v. 
Kicelli. — /ivellanella,  Schr.  ?  Alls  anticis  nitidis  croceis,  fasciis  duabus 
parnm  areuatis,  strigulis  tribus  eosta>,  duabus  dorsi,  argenteo-albidis, 
introrsum  fusco-marginatis,  striola  apicis  elongato-ovato  atro.  Exp.  al. 
3-1-  lin. 

Head  bright  saffron.  Face  and  palpi  white.  Antenna}  whitish,  an- 
nulatcd  with  fuscous  nearly  to  the  tip.  Anterior  wings  shinintj  saj/'ron, 
with  two  slightly  curved  and  one  angulated  silvery-whitish  fascia?,  in- 
ternally narrowly  margined  with  dark  fuscous ;  betbre  the  apex  are 
some  black  scales  forming  nearly  an  etonr/ate-oval  streak,  above  them 
are  two  short  silvery-whitish  streaks  from  the  eosta,  and  beneath  is  a 
smaller  one  from  the  anal  angle.  Posterior  wings  grey,  witli  grcyish- 
ochreous  cilia. 

Hitherto  scarce;  appears  in  May  and  August.  The  larva  nu'nes 
the  underside  of  the  leaves  of  the  nut  in  autumn  and  July.  The 
larva3  have  been  found  by  ]\Ir.  AVilkinson  near  Hackney,  and  the 
perfect  insect  bred  by  him. 

35.  Stettineusis,  v.  Nicelli,  \\n\.  Zig.  1852,  p.  219.    AUs  anticis 


280  LITHOCOLLETID/E. 

nitidis  saturate  rii/o-nnrantUs,  fasciis  duabus  vix  angulntis  ante,  strigulis 
tribus  costre,  duabus  dorsi  pone  medium,  hiteo-arg'cntcis,  introrsura 
fusco-marginatis,  y/«>/c^o  apicis  rotuiuJo  ntro.     Exp.  al.  3-3  j^  lin. 

Head  dark  fuscous.  Face  and  palpi  silveiy-gvey.  Antennsc  dark 
fuscous,  tlie  tip  vvhitisli.  Anterior  wings  shining,  deep  reddish-orange, 
towards  the  base  rather  obscured  witli  fuscous,  with  two  yellowish-silvery 
slightly-angulated  fascia)  before  the  middle,  internally  dark-margined, 
and  beyond  the  middle  with  three  yellowish  silvery  streaks  from  the 
casta,  and  two  from  the  inner  margin,  the  last  on  each  margin  is  very 
minute,  the  others  are  dark-margined  towards  the  base  of  the  wing ;  in 
the  apex  is  a  round  btack  spot.     Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Hitherto  scarce;  appears  in  May  and  August.  The  larva  (de- 
tected last  July  by  Mr.  Boyd,  and  found  in  the  autumn  by  Mr. 
Wilkinson)  mines  the  ajjper  side  of  the  leaves  of  the  alder;  the 
mine  is  rather  small,  and  placed  exactly  along  a  rib  (not  as  usually 
between  two  ribs). 

36.  Klemannella,  Fab.  S.  I.  ii.  ,509  (1781) ;  Haw. ;  Step.;  Hiib.  ? 
— Kteemannella,  Zell.  L.  E.  i.  2-i4.  pi.  i.  f.  36;  v.  Nicelli.  Alis  anti- 
cis  saturate  fuscis,  fasciis  dualius  fere  rectis  ante,  strigulis  duabus  costcp, 
duabus  doi'si  pone  medium,  luteo-argenteis,  introrsum  fusco-marginatis, 
puneto  apicis  rotuudo  atro.     Exp.  al.  3^-3  lin. 

Head  dark  fuscous.  Face  and  palpi  silvery-grey.  Antennae  deep 
fuscous,  the  tip  whitish.  Anterior  wings  shining  dark  fuscous,  with 
two  yellowish-silvery  nearly  straight  fasciic  before  the  middle,  internally 
dark-margined,  and  beyond  the  middle  with  tico  costal  and  two  dorsal 
streaks,  yellowish-silvery  and  dark-margined  towards  the  base  of  the 
wing;  the  second  dorsal  streak  is  very  small  and  indistinct;  in  the 
apex  of  the  wing  is  a  round  bJacli  spot.  Posterior  wings  grey,  with 
paler  cilia. 

Mr.  Hodgkinson  has  three  specimens  decidedly  referable  to 
this  species;  they  were  taken  in  company  with  Stettinensis.  The 
larva  feeds  (according  to  v.  Nicelli)  in  the  underside  of  alder- 
leaves,  its  mine  resembling  that  of  ainiJ'oUelhi. 

'  37.  Schreberella,  Fab.  S.  I.  ii.  301.  86  (1781);  HaW. ;  Step.  • 
Sta.  ;  hup.? — Klreiiiannella,  Panzer. — ulininetta,  Zell.  L.  E.  i.  24-6.  ])1, 
1.  f.  37  ;  v.  Nicelli.  AHs  anticis  rufo-aurantiis,  basi  obscuriore,  fasciis 
duabus  argenteis,  introrsum,  strlgulaque  postlca  costic  utriii([ue  nigro- 
marginatis,  slrujula  dorsi  argentea  usque  ad  striulaiu.  apicis  argoiteo-fus- 
cam  producta.     Exp.  al.  3  lin. 

Head  black.  Face  and  ])alpi  nii'tallic.  Antenna)  black,  the  tip 
white.  Anterior  wings  rich  reddish-orange,  at  tlie  bas(!  almost  black; 
an  ol)lique  and  sliglilly-curved  fascia  before  tlie  middle,  and  an  almost 
straight  fascia  in  the  middle  are  silvery,  and  have  dark  margins  towards 
the  base  of  the  wing;  on  the  eosta  at  the  commencemeul  of  the  cilia 
is  a  si  I  very -white  streak,  margined  on  botii  sides  with  black  scales  ; 


MTIIOCOLLETIS.  281 

opposite  to  it  on  the  inner  mari^in  is  a  small  silver)/  streak,  terriunafhuj 
in  a  inetaUlc  streak,  which  runs  to  the  apex  of  the  tcinr/s.  Posterior 
wings  grey,  witli  paler  cilia. 

Appears  in  ]\{ay  and  August,  but  rarely  met  with  in  tlic  perfect 
state.  The  larva  is  excessively  abundani,  mining  the  under  side 
of  the  leaves  of  the  elm  in  autumn  ami  in  July ;  it  forms  a  bluish- 
green  cocoon. 

38.  tristrigella,  Haw.  L.  B.  57()  (1839);  Step.;  Sta.— var. 
strigifasciella,  Sta.  Alis  anticis  ochreo-  vel  brunneo-rufis,  fasciis  tril)U3 
albidis  introrsum  fuseo-marginatis,  dual)us  prioribus  fere  rcctis,  tcrtia 
angidata,  ex  angnlo  strhjulam.  albidam  coslani  versus  emUtente,  squanus 
nonnidlis  nigris  infra  strigulam.     Exp.  al.  3|-4<  lin. 

Head  rcddish-oehreous.  Face  and  palpi  white.  Antennpc  whitish, 
annulated  witii  fuscous,  the  tip  white.  Anterior  wings  rcddish-oehre- 
ous, inclining  to  brownish  ;  in  the  middle  of  the  base  is  a  small  unniar- 
gined  yellowish  spot,  then  follow  three  whitish  fasciae;,  all  with  dark 
margins  internally,  gradually  shading  off  to  the  ground-colour,  the  two 
first  are  nearly  straight,  the  third  is  angulatcd,  and  from  its  anyle  a 
whitish  streak  runs  into  the  casta  at  the  apex ;  beneath  this  streak  lie 
the  apical  black  scales.     Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Not  uncommon  in  May  and  iVugust.  it  has  been  bred  by  Mr. 
Grant  and  Mr.  Dunning,  from  larvcT  found  in  elm -leaves  in  au- 
tumn, and  not  distinguished  at  the  time  from  the  larva?  of  Scl/re- 
berella.     I  believe  I  have  bred  it  loth  from  elm  and  haio  thorn  I 

39.  trifasciella,  Haw.  L.  B.  57G  (1829);  Step.;  Sta.;  DongL 
Ent.  Trans,  ii.  n.  s.  120.  pi.  13.  f.  1. — alnij'oliella,  Step.— Ilei/dcnii, 
Zell.  L.  E.  i.  247.  pi.  1.  f.  38.  Ahs  anticis  rufo-ochreis,  fasciis  tribns, 
seeunda  tertiaque  angulatis,  allndis,  introrsum  (ad  costani  latins)  nigro 
marginal  is,  strigula  albida  cost;c  apicem  versus,  strigula  nigra  ad  angu- 
lum  analcm,  striola  parva  apicis  nigra.     Exp.  al.  4  lin. 

Head  reddish-ochrcous.  Face  and  i)alpi  whitish.  Antennte  whitish, 
annulatcfl  with  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  reddisli-ochreous,  with  three 
slender  whitish  fascia.',  bordered  with  black  towards  the  base  of  the 
wing,  most  broadly  on  the  eosta;  the  first  fascia  is  only  slightly  cm'ved, 
the  second  is  angulatcd  above  the  middle,  the  third  is  angulatcd  and 
frequently  interru])ted  in  the  middle,  whence  some  black  scales  arc 
contiimed  to  the  anal  angle ;  on  the  costa  before  the  apex  is  a  short 
whitish  streak,  preceded  by  a  few  black  scales ;  below  it  are  the  black 
scales  of  the  apex  of  the  wing.      Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Connnon  generally,  but  very  abundant  in  J)evonshire;  appears 
in  May,  August,  and  November.  The  larva  feeds  in  April,  July, 
and  autumn,  in  the  under  side  of  the  leaves  of  the  honeysuckle ; 
its  mine  is  rather  small,  and  it  twists  the  leaf  at  a  right  angle. 

40.  Scabiosella,  Dougl.  Ent.  Trans,  ii.  n.  s.  121.  pi.  13.  f.  2. 
Alis  anticis  nitidis  cupreo-brunneis,  linen  basali  brevi  tenui  alba,  fasciis 

VOL.  III.  2  o 


282  LVONETID/E. 

duabus,  secuiida  angulata,  albis  nitidis,  introrsum  (ad  costam  latius) 
nigro-raarginatis,  strigulis  duabus  costfc,  una  dorsi  (fere  cum  prima 
costali  cohan'ente)  albis,  introrsum  uigro-marginatis,  strigula  nigra  ad 
angulum  analem,  striola  apicis  nigra.     Exp.  al.  3 1-4  lin. 

Head  coppery-brown.  Eace  silvcrj'-grcy.  Palpi  silvery- white.  An- 
tenna? dark  fuscous,  with  paler  annulations.  Anterior  wings  shilling 
coppenj-hrown,  with  a  very  sJiort  and  narroio  lOiviargiiied  white  basal 
strcah,  and  with  two  shining  white  fascia),  the  first  nearly  straight,  the 
second  angulated  above  the  middle,  both  are  internally  margined  with 
black  scales,  most  broadly  on  the  costa ;  beyond  are  two  white  costal 
streaks  and  one  dorsal  streak,  which  almost  unites  with  the  first  costal 
streak,  they  are  dark-margined  internally,  and  between  them  lie  some 
black  scales,  which  are  extended  towards  the  anal  angle ;  at  the  apex 
of  the  wing  are  some  black  scales.    Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Appears  at  the  end  of  May  and  end  of  August ;  has  occurred 
on  tlic  old  tram-road  beyond  Croydon,  and  at  lieadley  Lane.  The 
larva  mines  the  underside  of  the  radical  leaves  of  Scabiosa  colnm- 
harla  during  the  winter  and  si)ring,  and  at  the  end  of  July  and 
beginning  of  August, 

41.  comparella  (F.  v.  P.),  Zell.  L.  E.  i.  257.  pi.  1.  f.  42;  Sta. ; 
Dup.  ?  Alis  antieis  albis  fusco-irroratis,  strigulis  obliqnis  costae  tribiis 
ochreo-fuscis,  cum  strigulis  tribus  dorsi  ochreo-fuscis  alternantibus. 
duabus  posticjs  dorsi,  coslreque  cxtrorsum  nigro-marginatis,  striola  api- 
cis nigra.     Exp,  ?il.  4  lin. 

Head  whitish.  Pace  and  palpi  white.  Antenna?  whitish,  annulated 
with  fuscous.  Anterior  wings  white,  irrorated  with  numerous  fuscous 
atoms,  sometimes  causing  the  ground-colour  to  appear  pale  fuscous ; 
on  the  costa  arc  three  short  oblique  ochreous-brown  streaks  equidistant 
and  parallel,  and  alternating  the  three  similar  smaller  streaks  on  the 
inner  margin ;  the  two  last  of  each  are  externally  dark-margined ;  at 
the  apex  is  a  black  streak,  above  which  are  two  small  ochreous-brown 
spots  on  the  costa.     Posterior  wings  grey,  with  ])alcr  cilia. 

Not  common ;  has  occurred  in  May  and  August  among  white 
pojdars,  in  several  localities  round  London. 


Family  XIL     LYONETID.l]. 

Antenna?  dimidio  alarum  anteriorum  longiores,  conchula  basali  instnict/V. 

Capilli  ])lerisquc  hcvigati.     Palpi  labiales  breves,  penduli,  vcl  nulh. 

Alic  angustic,  anteriores  sa?pe  caudulatix?,  posteriores  lanceolata?. 

AntcnuiC  longer  than  the  hat/  of  the  anterior  wings ;  the  basal  joini 
expanded  into  an  eye-cap.  Head  mostly  smooth  {liuccidatrix  is  the 
only  genus  with  a  really  rough  head).    Labial  palpi  short,  drooping,  or 


I.VONETIA.  283 

entirely  wanting.     Wing  narrow,  tlie  anterior  often  caudiilate,  tlie  pos- 
terior lanceolate. 

The  insects  of  this  family  arc  mostly  ratlier  sluggish;  Bmru- 
latrix  shows  more  activity  than  aiiy  of  the  other  gcmera.  They 
may  frequently  be  observed  at  rest  on  palings,  trunks  of  trees, 
etc.,  and  when  disturbed  generally  content  themselves  with  a 
single  sudden  movement  to  a  fresh  place  of  rest ;  even  when  on 
the  wing  their  movements  are  slow.  The  larvrc,  as  far  as  known, 
are  all  miners ;  but  in  Buccn/afrix  it  is  only  the  young  larva  that 
mines.  The  larvsc,  when  full-l'ed,  (piit  the  mine  (excepting  in  P/i/ji- 
locnisl'iH),  and  form  a  silken  cocoon,  at  some  convenient  place. 

This  family  comprises  oidy  five  genera,  which  may  be  arranged 
thus : — 

a.  Anteunpc  as  long  as  the  anterior  whigs.     1.  Lyoxetia. 
a  a.  Antenna?  shorter  tlian  the  anterior  wings. 

h.  Head  qnitc  smooth. 

c.  Labial  palpi  illiform.     2.  PnYLLOCNisTis. 
c  c.  Labial  i)alpi  none.     3.  Cemiostoma. 

b  b.  Head  with  a  tuft  on  the  crown. 

d.  Labial  palpi  iiliform.      k  Opostega. 

d  d.  Labial  palpi  none.     5.  Blcculatrix. 


Cxenus  L     LYONETIA.    ^J^     ^ 


r.-C_ 


Lyonetia,  Hiib.  V.  423  (1816);  ZcU.  L.  E.  iii.  Argyromujc'^  ))., 
Curt. ;  Step.  ?  Fdachisla  p.,  Treit. ;  Dup.  L.  V.  xi.  LyonclUt  p., 
Zell.  Isis,  1839  ;  Dup.  Cat. 
Capilli  squamacei,  appressi,  occi])itaIes  tenucs  suberccti.  Antcmiai 
alarum  lomjitudlne,  tenucs,  conehula  basali  mcdiocri.  Palpi  labiales 
breves,  penduli.  Abe  angust.T,  anteriores  candnUp,  postcriorcs  se- 
tace;e ;  anteriores :  cellula  discoidalis  elongata,  tenuis,  acuminata, 
posticc   quinque   ramos   einiitit,   vena  subdorsalis  in  basi  f areata  ;  . 

posteriores :     vena;    subcostaHs   ac    niediana  ^f,^  c\\\\\   niarginibus      <lri^<ydLl 
coalcscentes. 

Head  smooth,  with  appressed  scales,  at  the  back  with  slender  slightly 
erect  scales.  Antennre  «•$  lomj  as  the  anicrior  irhigs,  slender,  with  a 
moderate-sized  basal  eye-cap.  Labial  palpi  short,  drooping.  Wings 
narrow,  the  anterior  cffK(/r/^e,  the  posterior  setaceous.  In  llic  anterior 
wings  the  elongate,  slender,  pointed  discoidal  cell  emits  live  veins  pos- 
teriorly ;  the  subdorsal  vein  h  furcate  at  the  base;  in  ihe  ]iosterior 
wings'the  subcostal  and  median  veins  speedily  become  conduent  with 
the  margins. 

The  insects  of  this  genus  have;,  from  the  elongate  anterior 
wings  and  loiig  antenna',  some  resemblance  with  the  (IracUar'uc ; 
but  their  dill'erent  position  wdien  at  rest  completely  destroys  the 


m- 


284  LYONETID^. 

similarity.  We  have  only  two  British  species.  Of  one,  Clerckella, 
the  larva  has  been  observed ;  it  mines  in  the  leaves  of  a})ple  (and, 
according  to  Curtis,  elm) ;  it  has  sixteen  legs ;  it  quits  the  leaf 
when  full-fed  and  spins  a  silken  cocoon,  which  it  suspends  in  a 
horizontal  position  by  silken  threads. 

1.  Clerckella,  Limi.  S.  N.  (10),  5-12.  299  (1758);  Treit. ;  Diip. ; 
Zell. ;  Sta. — cerasifoUella,  Hiib.  Tin.  190. — Malella,  Schr. — autiimnella. 
Curt,  B.  E.  fo.  284  ;  Step. — niveUa,  Step. — var.  cereeUa,  Treit. — semi- 

a-C-       aureUa,  Step. — Fonscolombella,  Dup.     Alls  anticis  albis  vel  albidis,  vel 
-^  ajiieis,  macula  disci  pone  medium  loncjitudinuU  fusca,  striohs  costa?  pos- 

ticis  fuscis  in  tnaculam  fuscam  ante  apicem  decm'rentibus,  puncto  apicis 
atro.     Exp.  al.  4  lin. 

Head  white  or  whitish.  Face  and  palpi  white.  Antennse  fuscous; 
the  basal  joint  white.  Anterior  wings  white ;  beyond  the  middle  is  a 
longitudinal  fuscous  blotch  on  the  disc,  beyond  which  is  a  narrow  fuscous 
fascia,  followed  by  three  short  fuscous  costal  streaks,  which  unite  with  a 
fuscous  blotch  ;  at  the  apex  of  the  wing  is  a  deep  black  spot,  from  which 
two  short  fuscous  streaks  diverge  into  the  grey  cdia.  The  wings  are 
sometimes  entirely  of  a  deep  bronzy-fuscous,  when,  except  the  apical 
spot  and  costal  streaks,  no  markings  are  apparent,  and  there  are  various 
intermediate  varieties.     Posterior  wings  grey,  with  grey  cilia. 

Not  uncommon  in  many  places ;  appearing  in  June  and  August, 
and  hybcrnated  specimens  in  the  spring.  The  larva  makes  long 
tortuous  flat  mines  in  the  leaves  of  apple-trees  in  July,  September, 
and  October, 

2.  padifoliella,  Sta.  Zool.  1848,  p.  2100  ;  Hiib.?  Treit.?  Bouehu? 
— acerfoliella.  Curt. — albella,  Evers.?  Alis  anticis  niveis,  villa  lata 
costali  fusca,  dorsum  versus  sinuata  et  saturate  fusca,  striga  obliqua  pone 
medium  dorsi  apicem  versus  producta  saturate  fusca,  puncto  apicis  atro 
caudulam  emittente.     Exp.  al.  4i  bn. 

Head,  face,  and  palpi  white.  Antenna)  fuscous ;  the  basal  joint 
white.  Anterior  wings  snowy-white,  along  the  casta  broadly  fuscous; 
this  fuscous  streak  is,  towards  the  inner  margin,  sinuated,  and  is  here 
very  dark  fuscous,  much  darker  than  on  the  costa;  beyond  the  middle 
of  the  inner  margin  is  a  dark  fuscous  streak,  which  runs  oblicpiely  to- 
wards the  apex  of  the  wing ;  at  the  anal  angle  is  a  small  dark  fuscous 
patch ;  at  the  extreme  apex  is  a  deep  black  spot ;  costal  cilia  whitish, 
with  four  short  fuscous  streaks,  the  last  of  which  is  also  continued 
through  the  cilia  of  the  hinder  margin ;  there  is  a  dark  fuscous  arch 
round  the  apical  black  spot,  whence  a  dark  fuscous  hook  also  arises. 
Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

This  elegant  little  species  has  only  hitherto  occurred  among 
maple,  at  Whittlebury  i'orest,  in  Sej)tember  and  October. 


PIIYLLOCNISTIS.  285 

Genus  11.     PHYLLOCNISTIS.    (?('-\/jl\-V 

Phyllocnistis,  Zcll.  L.  E.  iii.  26J;  (1818).  OjmU'(/a  p.,  Zcll.  Isis, 
1839  J  Dap. 

Capilli  Ifevigati.  Antenure  alis  anterioribus  brcviorcs,  conclnila  parva 
instructcG.  Palpi  labiales  pcnduli,  JiUfonnes.  Ahc  anteriorcs  cau- 
dulatic,  posteriores  lauceolato-lineares  ;  anteriorcs  :  ccllula  discoida- 
lis  acuta  venulas  tres  in  costam,  unam  in  apiccm,  unara  in  niargincm 
posticura  emittit ;  vena  subdorsals  simplex ;  posteriores  :  vena  uie- 
diana  dorso  proxima  venulas  tres  emittit. 

Head  smooth.  Anteniut!  shorter  than  the  anterior  wings,  witli  a 
small  eye-cap.  'Lahml  palpi  droo])in(r,  JUifomi.  Anterior  wings  cau- 
dulate,  the  posterior  linear-lanceolate.  In  the  anterior  wings  the  acute 
discoidal  cell  emits  three  veins  to  the  costa,  one  to  the  apex,  one  to 
the  hinder  margin ;  the  subdorsal  vein  is  simple ;  in  the  posterior 
wings  the  median  vein  which  runs  near  the  inner  margin  emits  three 
veins. 

This  genus  resembles  the  preceding  in  the  habit  of  the  perfect 
insect ;  but  the  larva  (according  to  Zellcr)  is  apod,  and  does  not 
quit  the  mine,  but  forms  its  cocoon  within  the  leaf.  Only  two 
very  closely  allied  species  are  known. 

1.  suflFusella,  Zell.  Isis,  1847,  p.  89-1 ;  Id.  L.  E.;  iii.  2G6.  h.  pi.  2. 

f.  32 ;  Sta.     Alis  anticis  latiuseulis  albis,  nebula  fusca  disci  jione  me-    ,tvi    rrrrr 
dium,  striolis  quatuor  costa?,  duabus  dorsi  I'uscis,  puncto  apieis  atro.    ^  '  —  ■- 
Exp.  al.  3^  lin.  f^a-^ 

Ilead,  face,  and  palpi  white.  Antenna?  pale  fuscous;  basal  joint  j 
white.  Anterior  wings  white,  with  a  fuscons  blotcJt  on  the  disc  beyond 
the  middle,  and  above  it  on  the  costa  a  short  fuscous  streak  ol)li(|uely 
placed,  and  beyond  are  three  other  short  strcalcs,  nearly  straight,  the 
first  of  which  unites  with  one  from  the  inner  margin,  fornn'ng  with  it 
a  slightly  angulated  transverse  line ;  at  the  apex  is  a  deep  black  spot, 
from  which  three  fuscous  streaks  radiate  in  the  white  cilia,  and  below  it 
is  a  fuscous  hindcr-nuu-ginal  line.  At  the  base  of  the  wing  on  the  inner 
margin  is  sometimes  a  fuscous  blotch,  and  the  entire  wing  is  frecjuently 
more  or  less  suffused  with  pale  fuscous.  Posterior  wings  grey,  with 
whitish  cilia. 

Hitherto  scarce;  api)cars  in  July  and  a\itumn,  hybcrnated  spe- 
cimens occurring  in  spring;  the  larva  mines  in  great  blotches  the 
leaves  of  poplars  in  June  and  August. 

2.  saligna,  ZlU.  E.  E.  iii.  270  (18-18);  Sta.— mW/Jv/VZ/rr,  Sta. 
Zool.  1818. — unipniicU'lla,  Step.?  Alis  anticis  angustulis  albis,  linea 
geminala  ex  basi  nltra  riiedinni  prodncta,  maeulam  fnseam  includente, 
striolis  quatuor  costa-,  duabus  dorsi  fuseis,  puncto  apieis  atrt).  Exp. 
al.  3  lin. 


286  LYONETID.E. 

Head  wliitisli.  Fnce  and  palpi  white.  AnteniifG  pale  fuscous;  the 
basal  joint  white.  Anterioi-  wings  white,  with  tico  somewhat  indis- 
tinct/«.5'C'0«.s  lines  from  the  base  to  beyond  the  middle,  inclnding  between 
them  posteriorly  a  fuscous  blotch ;  a  smaller  fuscous  blotch  lies  at 
the  base  of  the  inner  margin ;  beyond  the  middle  is  an  angulated  fus- 
cous streak  from  the  costa  which  reaches  only  to  the  fold,  beyond  it  is 
another  less  angulated  fuscous  streak  which  reaches  to  the  inner  mar- 
gin ;  beyond  this  are  two  other  short  costal  streaks  ;  at  the  apex  of  the 
wing  IS  a  black  spot,  from  which  three  fuscous  streaks  radiate  in  the 
white  cilia,  and  below  it  is  a  fuscous  hinder-marginal  line ;  the  apical 
portion  of  the  wing  is  frequently  suffused  with  pale  fuscous.  Pos- 
terior wings  whitish,  with  white  cilia. 

Hitherto  scarce ;  appears  in  July  and  autumn,  liybernated  spe- 
cimens occurring  in  the  spring.  The  larva  feeds  in  June,  Au- 
gust, and  September,  in  the  underside  of  smooth-leaved  willows 
(principally  on  Sallx  hellni),  making  a  large  blotch. 


c-V-C 


Genus  III.     CEMIOSTOMA.    W-TID.  ^ 

Ceimiostoma,  Zell.  L.  E.  iii.  273  (1848).  Lencoptera  p.,  Hiib.  Ar- 
(jyroniicjes  p.,  Step.     Opostega  p.,  Zell.  Isis,  1839  ;  Dup. 

CaplUi  sqiiamacei,  ajipressi.  Antennre  alls  anterioribus  breviores,  con- 
chula  basali  mediocri.  Palpi  nulli.  Alpe  anteriores  caudulataj,  po.s- 
teriores  angusti"e  lanccolatte ;  anteriores :  cellula  discoidalis  venas 
duas  in  costam  emittit,  vena  mediana  in  marginem  posticum  cxcur- 
rit,  vena  subdorsalis  simplex ;  posteriores :  vena  mediana  in  tres 
ramos  divisa. 

Head  smooth,  with  oppressed  scales.  Antennae  shorter  than  the  an- 
terior wings,  the  basal  joint  forming  a  moderate-sized  eye-cap.  Palpi 
none.  Anterior  wings  caudulate,  the  posterior  narrow,  lanceolate.  In 
the  anterior  wings  the  discoidal  cell  emits  two  veins  to  the  costa ;  the 
median  vein  runs  into  the  hinder  margin  ;  the  subdorsal  vein  is  simple. 
In  the  posterior  wings  the  median  vein  divides  into  three  branches. 

8cHclla  diifers  from  the  characters  above  laid  down,  in  having 
tlie  slender  scales  at  the  back  of  the  head  erect,  and  in  the  ante- 
rior wings  the  discoidal  cell  emits  a  furcate  vein  to  the  costa,  a 
sini])le  one  before  the  apex,  and  three  (two  of  them  obsolete)  to 
the  hinder  margin,  and  in  the  posterior  wings  the  median  vein 
has  two  branches  obsolete. 

The  insects  of  this  genus,  of  which  very  few  are  at  present 
km)wn,  and  we  have  oidy  three  British  species,  are  remarkable 
for  tlunr  beauty.  The  radiating  dark  lines  in  the  cilia  arc  more 
developed  in  this  than  in  the  preceding  genus.     The  larva  are 


CEMIOSTO.MA. 


287 


leaf-minors,  forming  flat  blotches  in  the  leaves;  that  of  C.  ftparti- 
fol'iella  however  has  a  dillereut  habit,  mining  nnder  the  bark  of 
the  stems  of  broom. 

The  genus  may  be  thus  divided  : — 
a.  Anterior  wings  white.     Species  1,  2. 
a  a.  Anterior  wings  leaden-grey.     Species  3. 

The  first  two  species  are  so  siiuihu-  in  the  perfect  state  as  to  be 
hardly  distinguisliablc;  (another  white  species  fre([uenting  aspens, 
and  a  leaden-grey  species  frequenting  ILypencnni,  occur  on  the 
continent.) 

1.  spartifoliella,  lliib.  Tin.  335  (ISlfi);  Step.;  Pup.;  Zell. ; 
Sta. — punctanrella,  Haw. — IlarriseUa,  Ijinn.  ?  AHs  anticis  albis,  ma- 
cula costos  pone  niediuni  dUutc  tlava  fusco-niarginata,  macula  altera 
costce  apicem  versus  laferibns  converyenlihm,  macula  atra  violaceo-pu- 
pillata  ad  angulum  analem,  striis  tribus  luscis  i)er  cilia  radiant ibus. 
Exp.  al.  3|  liu. 

Head  and  face  white.  Antenna!  fuscous,  the  tip  and  basal  joint 
white.  Anterior  wings  white ;  on  the  costa  beyond  the  middle  is  a 
pale  yellow  spot  obliquely  ])laccd,  pointing  towards  the  anal  angle,  and 
margined  on  both  sides  with  fuscous ;  towards  the  apex  is  another 
spot  on  the  costa  placed  more  perpendicularly,  its  couverfjing  sides  arc 
margined  with  fuscous ;  below  it  is  a  black  spot  with  a  violet  pupil ; 
the  apex  of  the  wing  is  yellow,  with  a  small  fuscous  spot ;  cilia  white, 
with  three  dark  fuscous  streaks,  one  towards  the  costa,  one  to  the  ex- 
treme apex,  and  the  other,  originating  at  the  same  point,  drooping. 
Posterior  wings  white,  with  white  cilia. 

Abundant  from  the  middle  of  June  to  the  end  of  July,  among 
broom.  The  larva  feeds  in  the  spring  under  the  bark  of  broom, 
making  long,  nearly  straight  galleries ;  when  full-fed  it  emerges 
from  its  subcortical  burrow,  and  spins  its  snow-white  cocoon  on 
the  stem,  under  the  shelter  of  a  projecting  bud.  The  cocoons 
may  be  advantageously  collected  at  the  beginning  of  June;. 

2.  Laburnella  (v.  Heyden) ;  Sta.  Sup.  Cat.  p.  11  (18.51).     Alls 

anticis  albis,  macula  costre  pone  medium  dilute  (lava  fusco-marginata,  IJ^  .\/3\\ . 
macula  altera  eostre  apicem  versus,  laleribus  jjaralldis  fusco-marginatis,      Q  <^'^ 
macula  atra  violacco-pupillata  ad  angulum  analem,  striis  tribus  fuscis 
per  cilia  radiantibus.     Exp.  al.  3^  lin.  ^.  X-  -la -» 

Head  and  face  white.     Antenna?  fuscous,  the  tip  and  basal  joint  ' 

white.  Anterior  wings  white ;  on  the  costa  beyond  the  middle  is  a 
pale  yellow  spot  obliquely  placed,  pointing  towards  the  anal  angle, 
margined  on  both  sides  with  fuscous;  towards  the  apex  is  another 
yellow  spot  on  the  costa  placed  more  perpendicularly.  Us  parallel  sides 
are  margined  with  fuscous ;  b(;low  it  is  a  black  spot  with  a  violet  pupil ; 
the  apex  of  the  wing  is  yellow,  with  a  small  fuscous  spot;  cilia  white, 


^.\%'^ 


288  LYONETID.'E. 

with  three  diirk  fuscous  streaks,  oue  towards  tl)c  costa,  one  to  the  ex- 
treme apex,  and  one  originating  at  the  same  point,  drooping.  Poste- 
rior wings  white,  with  white  cilia. 

Abundant  in  May  and  August.  The  larva  mines  the  leaves  of 
the  laburinim  in  autumn  and  July,  making  large  greenisli-white 
blotcheSj  which,  when  they  have  been  made  some  time,  become 
almost  white ;  the  larva  quits  tlie  leaf  when  full-fed,  and  spins  its 
white  cocoon  in  some  convenient  nook. 

3.  scitella,  Zcll.  Isis,  1839,  p.  211- ;  ^i-A.—ClercMIa,  Step. ;  Fab.  ? 
Haw.?     Alls  anticis  plurabeis,  postice  cupreis,  niaculis  duabus  costre 
pp  \J\\\       albis,  macula  atra  violaceo-pnpillata  ad  anguluni  analem,  ciliis  albidis 
-    ', '  cum  striis  qi(ntuor  radiantibus  fuscis.     Exp.  al.  3  lin. 

S  '^"'~  Head  and  face   leaden-grey.     Antcmifc   black,  basal  joint   leaden- 

grey.  Anterior  wings  leaden-grey ;  from  the  costa  beyond  the  middle 
is  a  brownish  streak,  which  reaches  obliquely  across  the  wing ;  beyond 
it  are  two  short  white  streaks  on  the  costa,  separated  by  a  copper- 
coloured  ])ortion,  which  reaches  more  than  half  across  the  wing ;  at  the 
anal  angle  is  a  large  black  spot  with  a  violet  pupil ;  cilia  whitish,  with 
four  radiating  dark  lines,  two  towards  the  costa,  one  continued  to  the 
extreme  apex,  the  fourth  rather  drooping.  Posterior  wings  pale  leaden- 
grey,  with  grey  cilia. 

An  abundant  species  in  many  localities  in  June  and  July.  The 
larva  mines  the  leaves  of  the  hawthorn,  apple,  and  pear,  causing 
large  flat  dark  brown  blotches,  and  frequently  to  such  an  extent 
as  to  cause  the  hedges  to  appear  of  a  brownish-green  colour; 
when  full-fed,  in  August  or  September,  it  quits  the  leaf,  and  s[)ins 
its  line  white  cocoon,  and  after  changing  to  pupa,  it  ejects  the 
shrivelled  larva-skin  through  a  slit  in  the  cocoon  left  for  that 
purpose. 

It  is  difficult  to  conceive  a  more  beautiful  insect  than  this  ! 
Goeze/s  rhapsodies  at  the  sight  of  this  (or  a  closely-allied  species), 
in  the  fifth  volume  of  the  '  Naturforsclier/  do  not  appear  at  all 
exaggerated,  and  are  well  worth  perusal. 


Genus  IV.     OPOSTEGA.  ff .  VUi  •  Q  ^  "^ ' 


Opostkga,  Zell.  L.  E.  iii.  279  (1SI8).  Leucoplera  p.,  Hiib.  Eln- 
cJiista  p.,  Treit. ;  Dup.  L.  F.  xi.  JplieloHella  p.,  Step.  Opodega 
p.,  Zell.  Isis,  1839;  Dup.  Cat. 

Capilli  verticales  subrigidi,  occipitalcs  depressi.  Anteim;c  alis  ante- 
rioribus  brcviores,  crassiuscuhe,  conc/mla  hasaU  ma(jna.  Palpi  labiates 
breves,  penduli.    Akc  anteriores  non  caudulata?,  postcriores  angusta?. 


OPUSTF.GA.  2Sy 

lanceolatfP ;  antoriores  :   ccllula  nulla,  venis  quatiior  longUudinaHhm 

siniplicibus  ;  ])osteriores  :   vena  mcdiana  in  trcs  nnnos  liivisa. 

Ik-ad  in  front  with  rather  erect  hairs,  at  the  haek  smooth.  Antennic 
shorter  than  the  anterior  wings,  Ihe  eije-cap  of  lite  banal  joint  lnr(j(\ 
Labial  palpi  short,  drooping;.  Anterior  wings  slightly  pointed,  not 
caudulate,  the  posterior  nnrrow,  lanceolate.  \\\  the  anterior  wings 
there  are  only  four  simple  longilndinal  veins,  thus  no  discoidal  cell.  In 
the  posterior  wings  the  median  vein  divides  into  three  branches. 

Little  is  yet  known  of  the  habits  of  the  insects  of  this  genns, 
and  the  larvpe  of  none  liave  yet  been  discovered.  We  have  only 
three  British  species,  which  are  readily  distinguished. 

1.  salaciella,  Trait.  E.  S.  ix.  2.  ISO  (1833);  Dup. ;  Zell.;  Sfa.         

Alis  antieis  inunacidatis  albidis.     Exj).  al.  5  lin.  (Pf .  VilA 

Head  and  face  whitish.     Talpi  white.    Antenna?  pale  fuscous  ;  basal      ^^^_c_ 
joint   whitish.     Anterior  wings   bnmacidale,   whitish,   having  a    faint       \ 
yellowish  tinge ;  cilia  white.     Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  with  whitish 
cilia. 

Occasionally  met  with  among  grass  in  June  and  July ;  I  have 
taken  it  at  Dartford  Heath. 

2.  auritella,  Hiib.  Tin.  387  (181(5);  Zell.;  Sta.  Alis  antieis 
albis,  tnacnla  in  medio  dorsi  ohliqne  jmsita  fnsca,  striolis  tribus  eostaj, 
duabus  dorsi  adversus  punctum  apicis  atrum  convergentibus.  Exp.  al. 
4^  lin. 

Head  white.  Face  whitish.  Palpi  white.  Antennfe  pale  fuscous ; 
basal  joint  white.  Anterior  wings  white,  wUk  a  fuscous  spot  on  the 
middle  of  the  inner  margin  ohliqnehj  placed,  pointing  towards  the  apex 
of  the  wing ;  at  the  apex  is  a  black  spot,  from  which  arise  three  short 
fuscous  streaks  towards  the  costa,  two  towards  the  inner  margin,  and 
two  in  the  whitish  cilia.     Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

In  the  collections  of  Mr.  Shepherd  and  Mr.  Waring;  the  spe- 
cimens were  taken  in  the  Cambridgeshire  fens  in  June. 

3.  crepusculella  (F.  v.  R.),  Zell.  Isis,  1S39,  p.  214;  Id.  L.  E. 
iii.  281.  ii.  pi.  2.  f.  41;  Dup.? — auritella.  Step.  Alis  antieis  albis, 
strifjula  parva  dorsi  ante,  strignla  majore  costa:  pone  medium  fuscis, 
strigulis  duabus  parvis  costa)  apicem  versus  fuscis,  puncto  apicis  atro. 
Exp.  al.  4  lin. 

Head  white.  Face  whitish.  Pal|)i  white.  Anteniia>  white,  anmi- 
lated  with  fuscous;  basal  joint  white.  Anterior  wings  white;  on  the 
inner  margin  a  little  before  the  middle  is  a  small  fuscous  streak,  ob- 
liquely placed,  pointing  towards  the  apex  of  (he  wing;  beyond  it  is  a 
broader  fuscous  streak  on  the  costa  ])ointing  towards  the  anal  angle;  to- 
wards the  apex  of  the  wing  arc  two  fuscous  streaks  on  the  costa,  and 
at  the  extreme  apex  is  a  black  spot;  cilia  white,  with  two  fuscous 
transverse  streaks,  one  on  each  side  of  the  apical  black  spot.  Posterior 
wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

VOL.  III.  3   V 


2!)0  LYONETID.I^. 

Occurs  in  marshy  places  at  the  end  of  June  and  beginning  of 
July.  Pisclier  observed  this  species  to  fly  only  at  dusk,  hence 
the  name ;  but  later  observations  show  that  it  also  flies  earlier  in 
the  afternoon,  especially  if  the  weather  be  dull. 


Genus  V.     BUCCULATRIX.  9? .  VU)  •  '  ^ 


_c 


EuccuLATRix,  Zell.  L.  E.  iii.  286  (1848).  Tinea  p.,  Haw.  ElacJiista 
p.,  Treit. ;  Dup.  L.  F.  xi.  Argyromiges  p.,  Step.  Lyonetia  p., 
Zell.  Isis,  1839;  Dup.  Cat. 

Capilli  hirsuti,  epistomio  laevigato.  Antennse  breviusculse,  concJiula 
hasali  parvula.  Palpi  nulli.  Haustellura  breve,  nudum.  Ala?  an- 
teriores  caudulata3,  posteriores  lanceolatce ;  anteriores :  cellula  dis- 
coidalis  acuta,  potsice  venas  sex  emittit,  vena  subcostalis  lougissime 
obsoletn,  subdorsalis  simplex ;  posteriores ;  vena  raediaua  in  tres 
ramos  divisa,  subdorsalis  simplex. 

Head  rough,  tufted;  the  face  smooth.  AntenncG  rather  short,  with 
a  ratlwr  small  eye-cap  to  the  basal  joint.  Palpi  none.  Tongue  short 
and  naked.  Anterior  wings  caudulate,  the  posterior  lauceolate.  In 
the  anterior  wiugs  the  acute  discoidal  cell  posteriorly  emits  six  veins ; 
the  subcostal  vein  is  obsolete  for  a  considerable  distance;  the  subdorsal 
vein  is  simple ;  in  the  posterior  wings  the  median  vein  divides  into 
three  branches ;  the  subdorsal  vein  is  simple. 

This  genus  oilers  several  points  of  resemblance  with  the  next 
family,  but  the  larvae  have  six  well-developed  true  legs.  The  per- 
fect insects  are  rather  active,  and  frequently  fly  in  little  swarms 
rcnmd  the  plants  on  which  the  larv;Tc  feed.  The  larvae  have  a  very 
singular  habit,  at  least  it  has  been  observed  in  Cratccgl  and  Fran- 
galella,  and  probably  it  prevails  throughout  the  genus :  these 
larva)  when  very  young  are  true  miners,  that  of  CraUegi  forms 
a  short  tortuous  mine ;  that  of  FrangnteUa  a  spiral  one,  forniing 
brownish-purple  blotches  on  the  leaf;  at  a  certain  age  the  larva 
cpiits  the  mine,  and  on  the  underside  of  the  leaf  spins  a  delicate 
whitish  web  or  cocoon,  within  which  tiic  larva  remains  quite 
motionless  and  in  a  horse- shoe  shape  for  a  considerable  time;  it 
then  emerges  from  this  cocoon  totally  diflerent  in  appearance  to 
what  it  was  as  a  leaf-miner,  and  proceeds  to  eat  the  epidermis  of 
the  leaf,  which  formerly  it  mined.  The  deserted  cocoon  will  be 
found  to  contain  the  previous  skin  of  the  larva.  The  external- 
feeding  larva  has  a  singular  shagreen  appearance ;  when  full-fed 
it  descends  to  the  groniul,  or  some  convenient  corner,  and  spins 
an  elongate  ribbed  cocoon,  within  which  it  remains  unchanged 
for  a  considerable  time. 


HLCCULATIUX.  -^Dl 

Of  the  eleven  Ik'itish  s])eeies,  the  first  ten  are  so  closely  allied, 
and  the  gradation  of  species  so  imperceptible,  that  they  do  not 
admit  of  a  tabular  arrangement ;  the  eleventh,  cridatella,  is  dis- 
tinguished by  its  unicolorous  anterior  wings.  (Another  unicolor- 
ous  species  occurs  on  the  continent.) 

1.  aurimaculella,  Sta.  Cat.  p.  28  (18t9).  Alls  auticis  dilute 
griseo-d'neis,  niaculis  duabus  costal,  duabus  dorsi  {prima  basini  versus 
per  plicam  j^rodnctti)  albido-litleis  ;  capillis  saturate  purpureis.  Exp.  al. 
4  1in. 

Head  deep  purple.  Face  bronzy.  Antenna?  fuscous ;  basal  joiut 
Avhitish-yellow.  Anterior  wings  pale  greyish-bronze,  with  two  yellowish- 
white  spots  on  the  costa  and  two  on  the  inner  margin ;  tlie  tirst  costal 
spot  is  placed  a  little  before,  the  second  a  little  beyond  the  middle  of 
the  wing;  the  dorsal  spots  are  anterior  to  the  costal  spots,  and  the  first 
one  does  not  touch  the  inner  margin,  and  is  continued  along  the  fold  to- 
wards the  base  of  the  wing ;  none  of  these  spots  are  sharj)ly  margined  ; 
cilia  greyish.     Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Not  common ;  occurs  on  the  downs  beyond  Croydon,  and  near 
Bristol,  appearing  in  May  and  August.  It  has  been  thought  to 
frequent  Varices. 

2.  cidarella  (Tischer),  Zcll.  Isis,  3  839,  p.  216  ;  Sta.  Alis  anticis 
pnrpurascente-brunneis,  maculis  duabus  costa?,  duabus  dorsi  albidis, 
suboppositis ;  Ci\\n\\\iferrugineis.     Exp.  al.  4  lin. 

Head  ferruginous.  Face  yellowish.  Antennre  fuscous  ;  basal  joint 
yellowish.  Anterior  wings  purplish-brown,  with  two  whitish  spots  on 
the  costa,  and  two  on  the  inner  margin;  the  first  costal  spot  is  a  little 
before  the  middle,  the  second  is  half-way  between  that  and  the  apex  ;  the 
dorsal  spots  are  nearer  the  base  of  the  wing  than  the  costal  spots  ;  cilia 
brownish.     Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Appears  in  June,  but  hitherto  rarely  met  with;  it  appears  to 
frequent  alders. 

3.  UlmeUa  (Mann),  Zell.  L.  E.  iii.  288  (181-8);  ^i^.—Sircomella, 
Sta. — cucHlipenneUa,  var.  h.  Haw. — erythrodactyla,  W.  V.  ?  Alis  an- 
ticis ochreis,  maculis  quatuor  costjc  obli(|uis  fuscis,  secunda  abbreviata, 
maculis  duabus  dorsi  fuscis,  priore  obsoleta,  secunda  media  ovata  dis- 
tinctiore  ;  capillis /w/yw.     Exp.  al.  Z\  lin. 

WdiiiX  fulvous.  Face  pale  yellowish.  Antenna;  fuscous  ;  basal  joint 
pale  yellowish.  Anterior  wings  yellowish-ochreous,  with  four  fuscous 
spots  on  the  costa  obliquely  placed,  and  two  on  the  inner  margin  ;  the 
tirst  costal  spot  begins  at  the  base  of  the  wing  and  terminates  in  the 
fold,  the  second  is  very  small,  reaching  oidy  a  very  little  way  from  the 
costa,  the  third  is  broad  and  distinct,  extending  sometimes  to  tlie  anal 
angle,  the  fourth  is  in  the  apex  of  the  wing;  between  the  two  last  is  a 
small  black  spot  on  the  disc ;  the  first  dorsal  spot  is  near  the  base  of 
the  wing  and  is  rather  indistinct,  the  second  lies  beyond  the  middle,  is 


21)2  lyonetiba;. 

of  an  oval  shape  and  very  distinct ;  cilia  pale  ochreous,  with  some  fus- 
cous scales.     Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Common  in  May,  June,  and  August,  among  oaks;  here  it  never 
frequents  elms.  According  to  Mann's  observations,  the  larva  de- 
scends when  full-fed  in  September,  from  the  ehns,  of  the  leaves  of 
which  it  eats  the  upper  and  lower  epidermis.  I  have  twice  found 
a  Buccnlatrix  larva  on  oak-leaves,  probably  of  this  species ;  but 
have  not  hitherto  observed  a  mine  in  the  oak-leaves,  such  as  these 
larvfe  may  be  expected  to  make. 

4.  vetustella  (Mann),  Sta.  Cat.  p.  28  (1849).  Alis  anticis  dilute 
ocJirels,  niaciilis  quatuor  costre  obliquis  brunneis,  secunda  abbreviata, 
macnlis  duabus  dorsi,  priore  cum  prima  costali  confluente,  secunda  me- 
dia fusca,  intrormm  nigro-sqiiamafa  ;  capillis/«M.s.     Exp.  al.  3w  lin. 

\\c-Ai\fidvoHS.  Face  pale  yellowish.  Autenupe  fuscous ;  basal  joint 
pale  yellowish.  Anterior  wings  pale  ydlowisJi -ochreous,  with  four 
brownish  spots  on  the  costa  and  two  on  the  inner  margin ;  the  first 
costal  spot  is  sometimes  contlucnt  with  the  first  dorsal  spot,  forming  a 
broad  angulated  fiiscia,  the  second  costal  spot  is  very  small,  the  third 
is  darker  than  the  others,  and  is  continued  to  the  anal  angle,  the  fourth 
is  in  the  apex  of  the  wing ;  between  the  two  last  is  a  small  black  spot 
on  the  disc;  in  the  middle  of  the  inner  margin  is  an  oval  fuscous  spot, 
on  its  inner  edge  with  some  black  scales ;  cilia  pale  ochreous.  Posterior 
wings  pale  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Perhaps  not  specifically  distinct  from  the  preceding;  I  have  a 
specimen  taken  among  oaks  in  August. 

5.  Cratsegi,  Zell.  Isis,  1839.  p.  2\Q>.—cratm/ifoliella,  Dup. ;  Sta. 

iWvVlU        — cnculipenneUa,  var.  y,   Ilaw.      Alis  anticis  albidis,  fusco-pulverafis, 
r~T'       maculis  tribus  costa%  duabus  dorsi  fuscis,  secunda  dorsi  introrsum  ni- 
10  gvo-s{juamato,  lineola  disci  ante  apicem  nigra;  capillis  griseis fuscisve. 

Exp.  al.  4  lin. 

Head  pale  grey  or  fuscous.  Face  whitish.  Antennae  fuscous,  basal 
joint  whitish.  Anterior  wings  dirty  whitish,  vmch  irrorated  with  fus- 
cous;  a  fuscous  patch  extends  alo?ig  the  costa  to  the  middle  of  the  wing, 
beyond  this  arc  two  fuscous  s])ots  on  the  costa,  which  are  joined  to- 
gether on  the  disc  by  a  small  black  dash ;  near  the  base  of  the  inner 
margin  is  a  cloudy  fuscous  patch ;  towards  the  anal  angle  is  a  fuscous 
oval  spot,  on  its  inner  side  margined  with  black ;  in  the  apex  of  the 
wing  is  a  black  s])ot,  and  some  black  scales  are  carried  round  it  through 
the  pale  ochreous  cilia.     Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Abundant  in  hedges  in  May  and  June.  The  larva  at  first 
mines  within,  subsequently  feeding  externally  on  the  leaves  of  the 
hawthorn ;  the  pale  ochreous  ribbed  cocoon  is  more  elongate  than 
in  UJmella. 

6.  Demaryella,  Sta.  Zool.  1848.  p.  2157;  Dup.?     AUs  anticis 


:x3]2]' 


BUCCVLATRIX.  293 

griseo-fuscis,  maculis  duabiis  cost;e,  duabus  dorsi  obliquis  oppositis,  in 
fascias  angulalas  confimntlbm,  spatio  iutcrjccto  obscuriorc ;  capillis  fus- 
cis.     Exp.  al.  t  lin. 

Head  fuscous.  Face  wliitish.  Anteuiiic  fuscous,  basal  joint  whitish. 
Anterior  wings  fuscous,  with  two  pairs  of  oljli(iucly-i)hiccd  opposite 
streaks, /o;v«///_(7  anguJnted  fascice,  tlie  first  Ix'fore  the  niiddh',  the  second 
before  the  apex  ;  between  them  the  ground-colour  of  the  wing  is  darker 
fuscous  ;  cilia  fuscous.     Posterior  wings  grey,  with  jjaler  cilia. 

Hitherto  scarce ;  has  occurred  in  the  south  of  Scotland  in  June, 
among  nut-bushes.  Mr.  Douglas  took  a  specimen  at  West  Wick- 
liani  AVood. 

7.  maritima,  Sta.  Sup.  Cat.  p.  11  (1851).  Alis  anticis  ochrcis 
fuscisve,  maculis  duabus  costae,  duabus  dorsi  oblujuis  oppositis,  Ibwo- 
laque  ex  hasi  albis  albidisvc,  punctulo  pone  raaculani  priorem  dorsi 
nigro,  punctulo  altero  ad  apicem  nuicukx;  secund*  costalis  nigro,  tertio 
angulum  analem  versus,  quarto  ante  apicem,  macula  allnda  codali  in 
apicem  pi'oducta  ;  capillis  fulvis  griseisve.     Exp.  al.  2>\  lin. 

Head  fulvous,  or  greyish.  Pace  whitish.  Antenn.o"  fuscous,  basal 
joint  whitish.  Anterior  wings  extremely  variable  in  colour  and  mark- 
ings ;  in  distinctly-marked  specimens  they  are  fuscous,  with  tw^o  pairs 
of  obHquely-placed  opposite  white  spots,  and  a  white  basal  streak ;  in 
other  specimens  they  are  dirty  ochreous,  Avith  these  markings  only 
faintly  indicated ;  there  is  a  black  dot  on  the  disc  outside  the  first  dor- 
sal spot,  and  another  at  the  apex  of  the  second  costal  spot ;  between 
this  and  the  anal  angle  is  a  tliird  ;  in  the  apex  of  the  win(j  is  another 
white  or  whitish  costal  spot,  and  beyond  it  another  black  dot ;  cilia 
ochreous-grey,  with  a  distinct  row  of  black  scales  from  the  last  costal 
spot  to  the  anal  angle.     Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Occurs  early  in  July,  on  the  coast  at  St.  Osytli,  and  in  the  Isle 
of  Sheppey. 

8.  Boyerella,  Dup.  L.  F.  xi.  548.  pi.  309.  f.  3  (1838);  Zcll. ; 
Sta. — alhedineUn,  Zell. ;  Dup. — cuculipennella  p.,  Haw. ;  Step.  Alis 
anticis  albis  fusco-pulveratis,  maculis  tribus  cost.c  obliquis  fuscis,  prima 
abbreviata,  secnndu  tertiaquc  in  striolas  nigras  dcsinentibus,  macula 
dorsi  pone  medium  fusca,  introrsum  nigro-squamata ;  ci\\)\\\\s  albidis ; 
antennis  albis,  fusco-aiuiulatis.     Exp.  al.  4  lin. 

Head  xohitish-rjrey .  Face  white.  Antennae  white,  annulatcd  with 
fuscous,  the  basal  joint  white.  Anterior  wings  white,  irrorated  with 
fuscous,  with  three  oblique  fuscous  streaks  from  the  costa,  the  first  in 
the  middle  abbreviated,  the  second  beyond  the  middle  continued  nearly 
to  the  anal  angle,  having  before  its  apex  a  black  streak,  the  third  is  in 
the  apex  of  the  wing,  aiul  terminates  in  a  black  streak ;  on  the  inner 
margin  is  an  indistinct  fuscous  mark  near  the  base  of  the  wing,  and 
beyond  the  middle  is  a  fuscous  spot  internally  nuu'gined  with  black ; 
cilia  greyish-white,  with  some  fuscous  scales  round  I  he  ai)cx.  Poste- 
rior wings  fuscous,  with  paler  cilia. 


294  lyonetiDjE. 

Occurs  among  elms  in  May  and  June.  I  have  seen  at  the  end 
of  August  minute  mines  on  ehn-leaves,  probably  caused  by  this 
species,  but  was  unable  to  meet  with  the  larva.  The  larvae  were 
found  by  ]\Iann  on  elms. 

9.  Frangutella,  Goeze,  E.  B.  iii.  4.  169.  291  {\1^2,).—Frangu- 
leUa,  VA\.—Aludla,  WW.—rhavniifolieUa,  Treit. ;  F.  v.  11.  pi.  7  ;  Sta. 
Alis  anticis  albis,  maculis  quatuor  costae  obliquis  fuscis,  macula  dorsi 
iiiedii  niajore  fusca,  puncttdo  nigro  plicae,  piuictulo  altero  nigro  disci 
ante  apicem  ;  capillis  albis.     Exp.  al.  3i  lin. 

Head  and  face  white.  Antenaaj  white,  annulated  with  fuscous. 
Anterior  wings  white,  towards  the  apex  irrorated  with  fuscous,  with 
four  costal  spots  and  one  dorsal  spot  fuscous ;  the  first  costal  spot  is 
near  the  base  and  very  small  (sometimes  entirely  wanting),  the  second 
and  third  are  obliquely  placed,  one  on  each  side  of  the  middle,  the 
fourth  lies  in  the  apex ;  the  dorsal  spot  is  opposite  the  second  and 
third  costal  spots,  and  uniting  with  them  forms  an  angulated  fascia ; 
on  the  inner  edge  of  this  spot  in  tlie  fold  is  a  black  (ht,  and  a  black 
dot  lies  beyond  the  apex  of  the  third  costal  spot ;  cilia  whitish,  tra- 
versed by  two  dark  hinder-marginal  lines.  Posterior  wings  grey,  with 
paler  cilia. 

Abundant  in  June  and  July  among  buckthorn,  the  leaves  of 
which  plant  are  at  first  mined,  and  afterwards  eaten  from  the  ex- 
terior, by  the  larvae  in  August  and  September. 

10.  Hippocastanella,  Dup.  L.  F.  xi.  530.  pi.  306.  f.  4  (1838); 
Lienig ;  Zell. ;  Sta.  Alis  anticis  griseo-fuscis,  macula  basali,  macula 
dorsi  ante  medium,  macula  costa?  media?,  maculaque  ad  anguhim  analem 
majore  per  striam  brunneam  interrupta  flavidis  ;  capillis  luteis.  Exp.  al. 
3  lin. 

Head  whitish.  Face  silvery.  Antennae  dark  fuscous,  basal  joint 
white.  Anterior  wings  greyish-fuscous,  with  a  yellowish-white  spot  at 
the  base,  a  similar  spot  on  the  inner  margin  before  the  middle,  and 
one  on  the  costa  in  the  middle,  and  a  larger  yellowish-white  patch  at 
the  anal  angle,  which  is  intersected  hy  a  narro^o  streak  of  the  ground- 
colour running  into  the  extreme  apex  of  the  wing;  cilia  grey.  Poste- 
rior wings  pale  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Hitherto  scarce ;  has  been  taken  in  Leigh  Wood,  near  Bristol, 
and  in  the  neighbourliood  of  J5urton-on-Trent.  Appears  in  May 
and  August ;  the  larva  feeding  on  limes  and  horse-chestnuts  (ac- 
cording to  Lienig,  also  on  birch  and  alder),  in  June  and  August. 

11.  cristatella  (F.  v.  R.),  Zell.  Isis,  1839,  p.  214;  Sta.  Ahs 
anticis  nitidis,  dilute  grisds,  unicoloribns  ;  capillis  luteis.    Exp.  al.  3  lin. 

Head  luleous.  Face  grey.  Antennae  dark  fuscous,  basal  joint  whit- 
ish. Anterior  wings  unicolorous,  shining  pale  grey ;  cilia  yellowish- 
grey.     Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 


NEl'TICULA.  295 


Appears  at  the  begiiming  of  June  and  beginning  of  August; 
the  only  locality  where  it  has  hitherto  occurred  is  the  old  tram- 
road  near  Croydon^  where  it  has  occasionally  been  taken  by  sweep- 
iug. 


Family  XIIL     NEPTICULIDyE. 

Capilli  superne  ac  in  fronte  liirsuti.     Antennae  hreves,  crassfp,  conchula 
modica  instructa;.     Palpi  niaxillares  louginscuJi,  plicati,  articulis  ul- 
timis  peiidulis.     Palpi  labiales  breves,  subporrectic.     Ala;  anteriores 
latiuscula?,  breves,  grosse-squaiuatfe  ;  posteriores  lanceolataj. 
Head  hairy  above  and  in  front.     Antennae  short  and  thicl-,  the  basal 

joint  furnished  with  a  moderately-sized  eye-cap.    IMaxillary  jjalpi  rather 

long,  folded,  the  last  joints  drooping-.     Labial  palpi  short,  suhporrect. 

Anterior  wings  rather  broad,  short,  coarsely  scaled  ;  the  posterior  wings 

lanceolate. 

This  family  contains  at  present  only  two  genera,  the  distinctive 

character  of  which  lies  in  the  neuration  of  the  wings. 

Genus  I.     NEPTICULA.    ^- Vii\     ^  ^  ^'" 

Nepticula,  Zell.  L.  E.  iii.  301  (184-8).  T/«m  p.,  Haw.  Microsetia 
p..  Step.     Lyotietia  p.,  Zell.  Isis,  1839;  Dup.  Cat. 

Capilli  superne  ac  in  fronte  hirsuti.  Antenna3  breves,  crass<e,  nuda?, 
conchula  modica  instructai.  Palpi  raaxillares  longiusculi,  plieati, 
articulis  ultimis  pcndulis.  Palpi  labiales  breves,  subporrecti.  Ala; 
anteriores  breves,  grosse-S(juainat;e,  posteriores  ovato-lanccolatte ; 
anteriores  :  vena  subcostalis  furcata,  ramo  inferiore  cum  mcdiana  per 
venula  coha'rcutc,  vena  mediana  postiee  in  tres  ranios  divisa,  sub- 
dorsalis  in  had  furcaia ;  posteriores  :  vena  mediana  longissirac  fur- 
cata. 

Head  hairy  above  and  in  front.  Antenna?  short,  thick,  naked,  the 
basal  joint  furnished  with  a  moderate-sized  eye-cap.  IMaxillary  palpi 
rather  long,  folded,  the  last  joints  drooping.  Labial  palpi  short,  suh- 
porrect. Anterior  wings  short,  coarsely  scaled,  the  posterior  ovate- 
lanceolate.  In  the  anterior  wings  the  subcostal  vein  is  furcate,  and 
the  lower  branch  is  connected  by  a  transverse  vein  with  the  median 
vein ;  the  median  vein  divides  posteriorly  into  three  branches,  the  sub- 
dorsal vein  is  furcate  at  the  base.  In  the  posterior  wings  the  median 
vein  \%  furcate. 

The  resemblance  in  this  genus  to  ]\[icitor'Ti:uYX,  as  shown  by 
the  short  anteinue,  folded  nuixillary  paljnV,  and  transvt;rse  connect- 
ing vein  of  the  anterior  wings,  is  very  singular. 


296  NEPTICULID.E. 

Tlie  habits  of  this  genus  are  very  interesting.  The  perfect  in- 
sects repose  on  the  trunks  of  treces,  on  pahngs,  etc.,  but  unless 
the  collector  be  cautious,  he  will  find  on  his  too  near  approach  they 
take  alarm ;  they  run  exceedingly  nimbly,  and  keep  swaggering  a 
little  from  side  to  side  as  they  run,  looking  the  very  impersona- 
tion of  minute  importance;  when  on  the  wing  they  fly  rather 
quickly  (though  nothing  in  comjiarison  to  their  alacrity  in  run- 
ning), and  have  much  the  appearance  of  miiuite  Dipteiia.  Some 
species  fly  of  their  own  accord  in  the  early  morning  :  thus  N.pijg- 
maella  is  on  the  wing  about  sunrise  in  August ;  aiul  when  every- 
thing is  quiet  on  a  calm  dewy  morning, — the  spiders^-webs  with 
their  spangled  drops  reflecting  the  beams  of  the  rising  sun, — it  is 
a  pleasant  sight  to  see  this  minute  insect  darting  backwards  and 
forwards  among  the  hawthorn -leaves,  evidently  in  the  acme  of 
enjoyment.  It  happens  that  this  species  is  not  remarkable  for 
the  brilliancy  of  its  colours,  but  in  this  genus  are  to  be  found 
the  humming-birds  of  the  Tineina;  and  the  lovely  N.  gratiosella, 
reflecting  nearly  all  the  colours  of  the  rainbow,  dances  in  little 
swarms  round  the  twigs  of  hawthorn,  in  the  blaze  of  the  mid-day 
sun. 

The  larvffi  of  this  genus  arc  very  peculiar :  the  six  anterior  legs 
so  universally  present  in  Lepidopterous  larva?  are  wanting,  and 
they  are  replaced  by  membranous  processes  ox  prolegs,  yet  neither 
on  these  segments,  nor  on  the  remaining  segments,  each  of  which 
is  furnished  with  a  pair  of  prolegs  (making  eighteen  in  all)  have 
the  prolegs  the  usual  coronet  of  little  hooks ;  these  larvae  are 
consequently  bad  hands  at  walking,  which  nevertheless  they  have 
to  do  when  full-fed,  for  then  they  quit  the  mine  in  which  they 
have  hitherto  lived,  and  seek  a  fit  place  for  their  cocoon.  The 
mines  are  always  flat,  generally  of  an  irregular  ser])entine  form, 
though  sometimes  spiral,  and  sometimes  forming  a  complete 
blotch ;  when  held  to  the  light,  the  larvic  can  be  distinctly  seen, 
and  their  colour  and  markings  recognized.  The  cocoons  are,  I 
believe,  generally  formed  on  tlie  ground  amongst  the  fallen  leaves ; 
at  any  rate,  in  such  situations  the  larvai  form  them  in  our  breed- 
ing cages;  and  it  is  a  very  singular  fact  that,  though  solitary  in 
the  larva  state,  we  always  find  that  the  cocoons  arc  made  in  com- 
pany, sometimes  a  dozen  between  two  leaves.  The  cocoons  vary 
considerably  in  colour,  texture,  and  form,  according  to  the 
species. 

The  species  of  this  genus  are  exceedingly  numerous.  I  have 
no  doidjt  i  have  several  otlu;rs  than  those  here  einimerated,  though 
to  cnabli!  me  (o  describe  them  I  recjuire  more  specimens,  in  flner 


NEPTICULA.  297 

condition,  and  cspeciall}'  brod  specimens,  as  the  liabit  of  the  larva, 
its  colour,  and  the  form  and  colour  of  its  cocoon,  freciuently  arc 
invaluable  helps  to  prove  the  distinctness  of  s])ecies,  and  it  is  only 
during  the  last  two  years  that  we  have  learnt  how  to  collect  these 
larva;,  so  that  this  branch  of  the  study  is  completely  in  its  infancy. 
The  twenty-nine  British  species  may  be  arranged  in  the  follow- 
ing table : — 

a.  Anterior  wings  witlioiit  spots  or  fascia?.     Species  1-0. 
a  a.  Anterior  wings  with  pale  sjjots,  no  fasciae. 

h.  Witli  a  single  nhiuite  pale  spot  on  the  iimer  margin.    Species  7-9. 

b  b.  W'\\\\  two  opposite  pale  spots.     S])ec'ics  10-13. 

h  b  h.  With  two  opposite  pale  spots  and  a  broad  basal  streak.     Spe- 
cies l-t. 

h  b  b  b.  With  three  pale  spots.     Species  1.5. 
a  a  a.  Anterior  wings  with  pale  spots  and  a  pale  fascia.      Species  Ifi. 
a  a  a  a.  Anterior  wings  witli  a  pale  fascia. 

c.  The  fascia  indistinct  and  rather  dull.      Species  17,  IS. 

c  c.  The  fascia  distinct,  bright,  frecpiently  metallic.     Sp.  19-29. 

1.  atricapitella.  Haw.  L.  B.  .55.5  (1*^29);  Step.;  Sta.— wj«k- 
tella  (^ ,  Zell.  ?  Alls  anlicis  saturale  d'uciv,  posticc  violaeeis ;  capillis 
afris.     Exp.  al.  3  lin. 

Head  blac/r.  Face  yellowish.  Palpi  whitish.  Antenn'.e  !)lack, 
basal  joint  whitish.  Anterior  wings  c/fn-/>-  bronze,  posteriorly  shading 
to  violet ;  cilia  pale  grey.     Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Common  in  May  on  the  trunks  of  oaks,  or  on  fences ;  occurs 
more  sparingly  in  August.  The  larva  mines  the  leaves  of  the 
oak  in  July,  September,  and  October,  but  has  not  yet  been  dis- 
tinguished from  other  larvtc  of  a  similar  liabit. 

2.  ruficapitella,  Haw.  L.  P.  580  (1829);  Step.;  Sta.samla- 
tclla  ?  ,  Zell.?  Alls  anticis  (lUnla  (Oicis,  apicem  versns  violaeeis;  c:i- 
YiiWis  fe/rur/ineis.     Exp.  al.  3  lin. 

Head  and  face  reddish-yellow.  Palpi  whitish.  AntcMunc  fuscous, 
basal  joint  whitish.  Anterior  wings  rather  pule  bronze,  with  the  apex 
violet;  cilia  greyish.     Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Common  on  the  trunks  of  oak,  or  on  fences,  in  May;  also  ap- 
pears, though  less  plentifully,  in  August.  The  larva  nuiies  the 
leaves  of  the  oak  in  July,  and  in  September  and  October. 

3.  anomalella,  Goeze,  E.  P.  iii.  4.  108.  290  (1783);  Sta.— 7?^- 
sdla,  '6(Aw.—r>iJlcapitellit,  Ecwis  (Knt.  iMag.  i.  422).  Alis  anticis  dl- 
luUssime  ane'is,  pone  medium  dilitiioribus,  apicc  obscure  violaceo;  ca- 
pillis luteis  (intcrduni  atris).      Exp.  al.  2.j  lin. 

Head  and  face  bright  yellow  (sometimes  black).  I'alpi  whitish. 
Antennae  fuscous,  basal  joint  whitish.     Anterior  wings  very  pule  bronze, 

VOL.    III.  2    Q 


398  NEPTICULID^. 

a  little  paler  beyond  the  middle,  the  apex  dull  violet ;  cilia  greyish. 
Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  with  pale  grey  cilia. 

Abundant  in  gardens  and  hedges  in  May  and  August,  but 
rarely  seen  in  the  perfect  state.  The  yellowish  larva  is  very  con- 
spicuous, mining  'hi  long  tortuous  (jalhrles  in  the  leaves  of  the 
lose  in  July  and  autumn;  the  orange  or  brown  cocoon  is  fre- 
(juently  made  in  the  foot-stalk  of  the  leaf,  sometimes  on  the  stem, 
under  the  shelter  of  a  projecting  thorn;  its  outer  covering  pro- 
jects beyond  it  like  a  tent,  making  it  appear  much  larger  than  it 
really  is.  This  species  has  an  historical  interest,  having  been  ob- 
served by  De  Geer,  Goeze,  and  Lewis;  and  the  exhibition  by  Mr. 
Westwood  of  some  bred  specimens  of  this  species,  at  the  Septem- 
ber meeting  of  the  Entomological  Society  in  18.51,  led  to  the 
attention  of  Micro-Lepidopterists  being  drawn  to  the  larvie  of  this 
genus,  and  was  the  proximate  cause  of  all  the  discoveries  that 
have  since  been  made  respecting  them. 

4.  pygmseella,  Haw.  L.  B.  586  (1839);  Sta. ;  Step.?  Alis  an- 
ticis  ch/ercis,  postice  dllntisslme  violaceo-tinctis ;  capillis  liiteis.  Exp. 
al.  3-3  lin. 

Head  and  face  yellowish.  Palpi  whitish.  Antenna;  fuscous,  basal 
joint  whitish.  Anterior  wings  pale  ashy-grey,  with  a  very  slight  violet 
tinge  towards  the  apex ;  ciha  paler.  Posterior  Vt'ings  whitish-grey, 
with  whitish-grey  ciha. 

Common  in  May  and  August,  flying  along  hawthorn  hedges  at 
.5  A.M.  The  yellowish  larva  mines  the  leaves  of  the  hawthorn  in 
July  and  autumn. 

5.  Oxyacanthella,  n.  sp.  Alis  anticis  f/iscis  2;?<;^?<?yo-^/?/c^/,9, 
postice  purpiu'eis ;  capillis  liiteis.     Exp.  al.  2^  lin. 

Head  and  face  deep  yellow.  Paljn  whitish.  Antenna;  dark  fuscous, 
with  the  basal  joint  whitish.  Anterior  wings  fuscous,  tinged  loith  pur- 
ple, beyond  the  middle  almost  entirely  purple.  Posterior  wings  pale 
grey,  with  pale  grey  cilia. 

Appears  in  May,  but  not  hitherto  observed  in  the  perfect  state. 
The  bright  green  larva  is  very  common  in  hawthorn-leaves  in  au- 
tumn, making  long  galleries ;  it  mines  also  (I  beheve)  in  the 
leaves  of  the  wild  apple. 

0.  viscerella  (Dougl),  Sta.  Zool.  18.^)3.  p.  39.58.  Alis  anticis 
olivaceis,  postice  saturatioribus ;  capillis  luteis,  fasco-mixtis.  Exp.  al. 
2\  lin. 

Head  and  hce  yellotvish,  intermixed  with  fuscous.  Antenna?  fuscous, 
basal  joint  whitish.  Anterior  wings  rather  of  an  olive  tint,  posteriorly 
darker,  with  whitish  cilia.  Posterior  wings  whitish-grey,  with  whitish- 
grey  cilia. 

Appears  in  May  (?),  but  not  hitherto  met  with  in  the  perfect 


XlCl'TICULA.  ^99 

state.  The  brhjht  greeii  larva  mines  the  leaves  of  the  elm  in  an- 
tuniii,  making  the  convolutions  of  its  narrow  mine  so  elose  together 
that  they  form  brown  blotches  ;  it  is  excessively  abundant  in  many 
localities. 

7.  Catharticella,  Pta.  Zool.  1853.  p.  31)5^.  AHs  anticis  nigris, 
dilutissinie  purpurco-tiiictis,  y;K«("/o  mhiuto  dorsi  pone  niecHuni  alba; 
capillis  ferrugiueis;  tarsis  posticis  albidis, /«seo-rt//««/«^/.y.  Exp.  al. 
2i  lin. 

Head  and  face  reddish-yellow.  Palpi  whitish.  Antciuue  fuscous, 
basal  joint  whitish.  Hinder  tarsi  whitish,  annulaled  irilli  dar/i  fancous. 
Anterior  wings  black,  with  a  very  faint  purple  tinge,  witli  a  mhude 
icJiite  spot  on  the  inner  margin  near  the  anal  angle ;  ciha  whitish. 
Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  with  pale  grey  cilia. 

Appears  in  May  (?)  and  August,  but  not  hitherto  met  with  in 
the  perfect  state.  The  larva  feeds  in  autumn  and  July,  on  the 
leaves  of  Rltaninus  catharticus,  making  rather  broad  galleries ;  it 
is  excessively  abundant  on  several  bushes  in  my  own  neighbour- 
hood, yet^  though  I  have  searched  and  beaten  for  the  perfect  insect, 
when  I  expected  it  should  be  out,  at  various  hours  of  the  day,  1 
never  succeeded  in  hnding  a  single  specimen.    ' 

8.  Septembrella,  Sta.  Cat.  p.  29  (1849).  Alis  anticis  nigris, 
macula  triaugularl  dorsi  pone  medium  albida,  capillis  ferrugiueis ;  an- 
tennis  fuscis ;  tarsis  posticis  unicoloribus  alhidis.     Exp.  al.  2  lin. 

Head  and  face  reddish-yellow.  Palpi  whitish.  Antenna;  fuscous, 
basal  joint  whitish.  Hinder  tarsi  uniculorous  tcJiUisJi.  Anterior  wings 
black,  with  a  rather  tr'unujular  wkithh  spot  on  the  inner  margin  beyond 
the  middle ;  ciUa  whitish.  Posterior  wings  whitish-grey,  with  paler 
cilia. 

The  original  specimen  was  taken  by  Mr.  Bcdelb  at  West  Wick- 
hara  AYood,  in  September;  it  probably  appears  in  ]\[ay  and  Au- 
gust, but  a  summer  brood  of  the  larva  has  not  yet  been  observed. 
Tiic  larvtC  mine  the  leaves  of  Il/jpcricum  pulchrum  in  autumn, 
making  extremely  slender  mines,  and  going  several  times  round 
and  across  the  small  leaves  they  inhabit ;  when  full-fed  they  pucker 
the  leaf  a  little,  andyorw^  their  cocoon  inside  it,  never  quitting  the 
mine  till  theij  assume  the  perfect  state,  thus  quite  abnormal  to  the 
ordinary  habits  of  the  genus. 

9.  intimella,  Zell.  L.  E.  iii.  323  (181-8);  Sta.;  Sircom.  Alis 
anticis  sat  urate  y^scv's,  macula  dorsi  jntullu  post  medium  lutescoitc  ;  ca- 
pillis luteis ;  autcnins  lutesceutlbHs.     l']xp.  al.  3  lin. 

Head  and  face  yellowish.  Palpi  wliitish.  Antenna)  dirty  pale  ycl- 
lowinh,  basal  joint  whitish.  Anterior  wings  dark  funcom,  with  a  ycl- 
lo^imh  spot  on  the  inner  margin,  a  tittle  Ijeyoud  the  middle ;  cilia  grey- 
ish-fuscous.    Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 


*iO0  NEPTICULIDjE. 

Taken  by  Mr.  Sircom,  near  Bristol,  in  June,  among  sallows,  by 
sweeping  tlie  upper  branches;  also  occurs  at  Dartford  Heath. 

10.  Headleyella,  n.  sp.  Alls  anticis  griseis,  grosse  squamatis, 
maculis  duabus  parvk  argentc'o-albidis,  oppositis  pone  medium,  costali 
anteriore ;  capiUis  luteo-griseis.     Exp.  al.  2  lin. 

Head  and  iace  luteous,  mixed  with  grey.  Palpi  whitish.  Antennas 
grey,  basal  joint  whitish.  Anterior  wings  rather  coarsely  scaled,  dark 
grey,  wnth  two  small  wliiUsh-silvery  opposite  spots  beyond  the  middle, 
that  on  the  costa  being  nearer  to  the  base ;  between  these  spots  is  a 
considerable  breadth  of  the  ground-colour ;  cilia  grey.  Posterior  wings 
grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Two  specimens  taken  by  Mr.  Douglas,  in  the  hilly  field  at 
Ileadley  Lane,  early  in  August. 

11.  subbimaculella.  Haw.  L.  B.  583  (1829);  Step.;  Sta.— 
cnrsoridin,  ZcU. — n'ujroc'dkllu.  Step.  ?  Alls  anticis  nigris,  macula  ha- 
suli  per  dorsum  producta,   macula  costali  in  medio,  maculaque  dorsi 

)  wTTT       poi/e  medium  luteo-albidis ;  capillis  fulvis.     Exp.  al.  3  lin. 
^.  Viu.  Head  and  face  orangc-lutcous.     Palpi  pale.     Antennre  dark  fuscous, 

\\  '■*"  basal  joint  whitish.  Anterior  wings  black,  with  a  whitish  patch  ai  the 
lase  extending  along  the  inner  margin ;  in  the  middle  on  the  costa  is  a 
rather  triangular  whitish-yellow  spot,  and  bcjond  it  on  the  inner  margin- 
is  a  larger  triangidar  whitish-yellow  spot;  cilia  whitish.  Posterior 
wings  pale  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Abundant  among  oaks  in  June.  The  pale  greenish-white  larva 
mines  the  leaves  of  the  oaks  in  autumn ;  it  keeps  close  to  a  rib 
of  the  leaf,  and  though  its  mine  is  narrow,  it  turns  upon  itself  so 
as  to  form  a  small  blotch.  It  is  a  singular  fact  in  vegetable  phy- 
siology, that  when  the  leaves  arc  turning  brown,  the  spots  tenanted 
by  these  larva;  remain  green  much  longer  than  the  remainder  of 
tiic  leaf,  and  this  may  frequently  be  observed  in  the  leaves  after 
they  have  fallen.  ^ ,  - 

12.  largyropeza,  Zelb  Isis,  1^^,  p.  SP&1  Id.i;  E.4ii. -5^5^.  Alls 
anticis  n/gre.scei/tl/j/(s,  macula  parva  costce  ante  medium,  macula  dorsi 
post  medinvi  majore  albidis ;  capilHs  fulvis.      Exp.  al.  3  lin. 

Head  and  face  deep  luteous.  Palpi  whitish.  Antenna)  dark  fus- 
cous, basal  joint  whitish.  Anterior  wings  Idackish,  with  a  sumll 
whitisli  spot  on  the  casta,  rather  tjefore  the  middle,  and  a  larger  one  on 
the  inner  uuu'gin  begoiid  the  middle;  ciHa  whitish.  Posterior  wings 
grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

lias  occurred  in  jMay.  on  a  fence  near  Beckenham. 

13.lapicella,  n.  sp. — argyropeza,  Sta. — argi/ropeza,  var.  /3,  Zell. 
Alis  autieis  nigrieanti-griseis,  nuiculis  duabus  albidis  oppositis,  panllo 
post  medium,;   capillis  fulvis.      Exp.  al.  3-3 .V  lin. 

Head  and  face  deep  luteous.     Palpi  whitish.     Antennic  grey,  basal 


NKl'TICULA.  oOl 

joint  wliitisb.  Anterior  wiiii^s  dnrk  (jrejj,  beyond  the  'nikldle  arc  two 
opposite  whitish  spots,  that  on  the  inner  margin  is  tlic  hirger ;  cilia 
■whitish.     Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

I  Fas  occurred  on  the  stein  of  a  poplar-tree,  at  Woodliead  Atoors 
in  June,  and  on  a  fence  near  Beckeuham  in  May. 

It.  trimaculella,  Haw.  L.  B.  583  (1829);  Sta.— r«/dV/^.,  ZcU. 
Alis  anticis  fuseis,  llnea  lata  alh'uJa  a  basi  Ksque  medium,  niaculis  op- 
positis  triangularibus  pone  medium  alhidis  ;  capillis  lutcis.  E.\.p.  al.  2i 
lin. 

Head  and  face  yellowish.  Palpi  fuscous.  Antennsc  fuscous,  basal 
joint  whitish.  Abdomen  and  hind  legs  grey  in  the  $  ,  reddish  in  the  J  . 
Anterior  wings  dark  fuscous,  with  a  broad  basal  streak,  taking  up  half 
the  breadth  of  the  wing  and  reaching  to  the  viiddle,  and  with  two  tri- 
angular whitish  opposite  spots  beyond  the  middle,  not  unfre([ueiitly 
uniting  across  the  wing ;  cilia  pale  ochreous-grey.  Posterior  wings 
pale  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Appears  in  May  and  August^  frcc|uenting  tlie  stems  of  poplars, 
but  not  common. 

15.  quinquella,  Eedcill,  Zool.  1818,  p.  1986.  Alis  anticis  nigris, 
maculis  tribus  argenteo-albidis,  prima  costal  ante,  secuuda  dorsi  pone 
medium,  tertia  disci  apicem  versus ;  capillis  uigris.     Exp.  al.  2.V  lin. 

Head  and  face  black.  Palpi  whitish.  Anteuuac  black,  basal  joint 
yellowish.  Anterior  wings  black,  with  three  whitish,  rather  silvery 
spots,  the  first  on  the  costa  before  the  middle  rather  triangular,  reach- 
ing a  little  obliquely  half  across  the  wing,  the  second,  on  the  inner 
margin  beyond  the  middle,  is  in  the  form  of  a  right-angled  triangle ; 
betjceen  it  and  the  apex  of  the  winy  is  the  third  spot,  which  is  small  and 
round ;  cilia  silvery-grey.     Posterior  wings  grey,  with  jialer  cilia. 

lias  occurred  in  June  and  July,  on  the  truid<s  of  oaks  at  A\  est 
AVickham  AVood,  ami  on  palings  near  Beckcnham. 

10.  sericopeza,  Zell.  Isis,  1839,  p.  215  ;   ^[a.—}/aryrlla,  Hup.? 
— Loiiiselta,  Sircom?     Alis  anticis  saturatissime  fuseis,  hi\s\,  fascia  ob-  ^^  -—— 
li(jua  ante,  maculis  oppositis  pone  medium  «/iii/c//s ;  capillis  fuseis.    Exp.  ln«.  IX  • 
al.  2  J  lin.  7^,-) 

Head  fuscous.  Face  yellowish.  Palpi  whitish.  Antenu;e  fuscous, 
basal  joint  whitish.  Anterior  wings  very  dark  fuscous,  almost  black, 
with  the  base,  an  oblique  fascia  Ijcfore  the  middle  (broatlcst  on  the 
irnier  margin),  and  two  opposite  spots  beyond  the  middle  (that  on  the 
inner  margin,  the  posterior),  whitish ;  cilia  fuscous.  Posterior  wings  pale 
grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

I  have  two  specimens  taken  on  the  Dartford  lleatli  fence  in 
June ;  Mr.  Sircom  took  liis  Loimella  near  Bristol. 

17.  floslactella,  Haw.  L.  B.  585  (1829);  Step. — hemaryyrelln, 
Zell.  ?     Alis  autieis  luteis,  basiiii  versus  fusco-irroralis,  apicem  versus 


302  NEPTICULID.'E. 

fiiscis,  fascia  fusca  paullo  post  medium,  fasciam  totam  luteam  pra?ce- 
deiite ;  capillis  liiteis.     Exp.  al.  2i-3  lin. 

Head  and  face  bright  luteous.  Pal])i  whitish.  Antenna;  fuscous, 
basal  joint  whitish.  Anterior  wings  yellowish,  sparbigly  irrorated  with 
fttscous  towards  the  base ;  the  fuscous  scales  form  a  fascia  a  little  be- 
yond the  middle,  which  immediately  precedes  an  uninterrupted  fascia 
of  the  ground-colour  ;  the  apical  portion  of  the  wing  is  entirely  fuscous, 
with  a  faint  violet  tinge ;  cilia  whitish-yellow.  Posterior  wings  pale 
grey,  with  pale  grey  cilia. 

Ai)pears  in  May  and  August.  The  iitodercUe-sized  yellounsh 
larvoe  make  broad  tortuous  galleries  in  the  leaves  of  the  nut  and 
hornbeam,  occurring  in  autumn  and  July ;  there  arc  rarely  more 
than  half-a-dozen  in  one  leaf.  The  cocoon  is  vqvj  Jlossy,  and  of  a 
7vhitish  ov  pale  yelloioish  colour. 

18.  Salicis,  n.  sp.  Alls  anticis/«se/s,  dilute  luteo  parmii  irroratis, 
postice  saturatioribus  et  violaceo-tinctis,  macnlis  duabas  dilate  luteis 
pone  mediiuii,  fasciam  ohsoletam  obliqnam  formantibus ;  capillis  ferru- 
gineis.     Exp.  al.  2^-3  lin. 

Head  and  face  reddish-yellow.  Palpi  whitish.  AntennaB  fuscous, 
basal  joint  whitish.  Anterior  wings /^.sro/w,  sligldhj  irrorated  icilh  pale 
luteous,  posteriorly  darker  and  with  a  faint  violet  tinge ;  beyond  the 
iidddle  are  tn^o  ill-defined,  pule  luleous  spots,  forming  an  indistinct  oblique 
fascia ;  the  costal  spot  is  anterior  to  the  dorsal  spot ;  cilia  pale  luteous. 
Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  with  pale  grey  cilia. 

Appears  in  May  and  August.  The  7/elloiolsh  larva  makes  small 
tortuous  mines,  resembUng  blotches  in  the  leaves  of  sallows  in 
autumn  and  in  July. 

19.  microtheriella,  Wing,  n.  sp.  Ahs  anticis  ftscis,  pauUulum 
purpureo-tinctis,  prajcipue  apicem  versus, /ffsc/rt  tenui,  subobliqua  pone 
medium  albida  ;  capillis  luteis,  fusco-mixtis.     Exp.  al.  Ij  lin. 

Head  and  face  yellowish,  slightly  mixed  with  fuscous.  Palpi  whitish. 
Antenniu  fuscous,  basal  joint  whitish.  Anterior  wings /«sra«5,  slightly 
tinged  with  purple,  especially  towards  tlie  apex ;  beyond  the  middle  is 
a  slightly  oblique,  rather  slender  whitish  fascia ;  cilia  fuscous.  Pos- 
terior wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

The  smallest  known  Lepidopterous  insect !  Appears  in  May 
and  August,  but  rarely  met  with  in  the  perfect  state ;  the  small 
ydlowish-ijreen  larva  makes  extreineljj  narrow  tortuous  galleries 
in  the  leaves  of  the  nut  and  Iiornbcam,  ottcurrhig  in  autiunn  and 
Jvdy.  It  is  sometimes  so  abundant  that  upwards  of  thirty  may 
be  found  in  a  single  leaf!  The  talker  firm  cocoon  is  of  a  jija/c 
hnff  colour. 

20.  ignobilella,  Sta.  Cat.  p.  29  {\%\'i).—aurelta,  vin:  (3.  Haw.? 

— posticellu,  Step.  ?     Alls  auticis  ditiite  aureo-brmmeis,  apicem  versus 


NEPTICULA.  303 

piirpurco-tiiictis, /rtscw  recta  pone  xwQiWwm,  par nm  nil'ida,  Inteo-cdhida ; 
capillis  ferrugineis.     Exp.  al.  2^  liu. 

Head  and  face  vcddisli-ycllow.  I'alpi  whitish.  Aiitcniiiie  fuscous, 
basal  joint  whitish.  Anivr'un-  \\'h\<rs  paie  ffo/d('>t-l/ro?o)i ;  beyond  the 
middle  is  astraigJd,  ydlowi.sh-icltite,  sliijhUy  sJunbig  ffiHcia ;  the  apex  of 
the  wing  has  a  purplish  tinge;  cilia  fuscous,  i'ostcnor  wings  pale 
grey,  with  pale  grey  cilia. 

Appears  in  May  and  August^  but  not  frequently  met  witli.  The 
yellowish  larva  mines  in  liawthorn-lcaves  in  autumn  and  .luly,  but 
has  not  at  present  been  distinguished  from  the  larva  oi  jj/j^/nucella 
and  (jratiosella. 

21.  argentipedella,  Zell.  Isis,  1839,  p.  215;  '^V^.—medlofaa- 
ciella,  Haw.?  Step.? — luiiibiwUa,  Zett.  ?  Alis  anticis  violaceo-nigris, 
fascia  latluscula  alblda  pone  medium;  capillis  nigrls.     Exp.  al.  3}  lin. 

Head  and  face  black.  Palpi  dark  grey.  Antennae  fuscous,  basal 
joint  whitish.  Anterior  wings  black,  with  a  violet  gloss,  with  a  rather 
broad  wJutish  fascia  beyond  the  middle,  placed  ]-ather  obliipiely,  being 
nearest  the  base  of  the  wing  on  the  costa ;  in  the  middle  it  is  some- 
times interrupted  ;  cilia  grey.     Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Occurs  among  birches  in  May  and  June,  but  iu)t  common. 
It  has  been  bred  by  Ilerr  Bouchc,  from  larvre  mining  in  birch- 
leaves. 

22.  Acetosae  (Sta.),  Shield,  Zool.  1853,  p.  4153.  Alis  anticis 
nitidis  fuscis,  pone  medium  violaceo-tinctis,  fascia  fere  recta  pone  mediiuu 
nitida  alba;  capillis  fuscis.     Exp.  al.  2  lin. 

Head  fuscous.  Antennae  fuscous,  basal  joint  whitish.  Anterior 
wings  shining  fuscous,  tcilh  a  faint  violet  timje  beyond  the  middle  ;  be- 
yond the  middle  is  a  nearly  straight,  sldnituj,  whitish  fascia  ;  cilia  fus- 
cous.    Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  with  pale  grey  cilia. 

Appears  in  May  and  August.  The  hirva  mines  the  leaves  of 
the  sorrel  in  autumn  and  in  July;  the  mine  is  very  peculiar;  it 
makes  a  scries  of  concentric  circles  till,  as  thougli  the  centrifugal 
force  at  lengtli  became  too  great,  it  flies  oil  at  a  tangent  into  an 
irregular  tortuous  gallery.  It  has  only  hitherto  been  met  with 
by  Mr.  Shield,  near  Dublin,  in  some  sorrel-plants  growing  among 
furze-bushes,  consequently  in  sheltered  situations.  Mr.  Shield 
has  only  succeeded  in  rearing  a  single  specimen,  which,  with  the 
view  of  disseminating  infornuition,  he  has  very  liberally  ])laced 
in  my  collection ;  iis  it  is  extremely  hazardous  to  d(!scribe  Ae/jti- 
culoi  from  single  specimens,  the  above  description  of  the  ])erfect 
insect  must  be  looked  at  as  an  approximation  only;  from  the 
habit  of  the  larva,  no  doubt  can  attach  to  its  being  a  distinct 
species. 

23.  plagicolella,  n.  sp.     Alis  anticis  nitidis  fuscis,  postice  pur- 


.304  NEPTICULIT)^,. 

pureo-tinctis,  fascia  fere  recta  pone  medium  nitida,  albida,  parnm  ar- 
gentea ;  ca\)i\\isferrHffhieis.     Exp.  al.  2  lin. 

Head  and  f;^oe  reddisk-i/eUow.  Palpi  whitish,  AntemicC  fuscous, 
basal  joint  whitish.  Anterior  wings  shining  fuscous,  with  a  purple 
tinge  wlilcU  begins  before  the  middle  of  the  wing ;  beyond  the  middle  is 
a  nearly  straight,  shining,  whitish,  rather  silvery  fascia ;  cilia  fuscous. 
Posterior  wangs  pale  grey,  with  pale  grey  cilia. 

Appears  in  May  and  August,  but  I  believe  not  liitlierto  met 
witli  in  the  perfect  state.  The  larva  mines  in  the  leaves  of  the 
sloe  in  autumn  and  July,  making  large  whitish  fjlotehes  ;  in  some 
places  it  is  exceedingly  plentiful ;  the  cocoon  is  rather  ilat. 

24.  Tityrella,  Douglas,  n.  sp.  Alls  anticis  nitidis  f/iscis,  vix  oli- 
vaceo-tinctis,  posticc  saturatioribus, /««(?/«  siihobliqna  pone  viediuni  di- 
lute aurea,  ad  dorsum  latiore ;  capillis  lutcis.     Exp.  al.  272-  li'i- 

Head  and  face  luteous.  Palpi  pale  luteous.  Antennae  fuscous,  basal 
joint  pale  luteous.  Anterior  wings  shining  fuscous,  with  a  very  faint 
olive  tinge,  darker  towards  the  apex,  toith  a  pale  golden,  rather  oblique 
fascia  beyond  the  middle,  broadest  on  the  inner  margin,  and  its  posterior 
edge  concave ;  cilia  very  pale  grey.  Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  with 
pale  grey  cilia. 

Appears  in  May  and  August.  The  larva  makes  rather  hroad 
galleries  toioards  the  margins  of  the  leaves  of  the  beech,  in  autumn 
and  July. 

25.  Malella,  n.  sp.  Alis  anticis  saturate  fuscis,  fascia  suhobliqiia 
pone  medium  alba,  j)arnm  nitida  ;  capillis  ferrugineis.     Exp.  al.  2  lin. 

Head  and  face  reddish-yellow,  slightly  mixed  with  fuscous.  An- 
teiuia)  fuscous,  basal  joint  whitish.  Anterior  wings  darii  fuscous,  with 
a  slightly  oblique,  almost  white,  slightly  shining  fascia  beyond  the  mid- 
dle ;  cilia  fuscous.     Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  with  pale  grey  cilia. 

Appears  in  May  and  August,  but  not  hitherto  met  with  in  the 
perfect  state.  The  yellow  larva  mines  in  autumn  and  July  in  the 
leaves  of  the  wild  apple,  making  long  galleries ;  the  cocoon  is 
bright  yellow. 

20.  angulifasciella,  Sta.  Cat.  p.  29  {\%\'^).—CentifoHella,  Zell.  ? 
Alis  anticis  nigris,  maculis  duabus  oppositis  in  medio  argenteo-albis,  in 
fasciam  angulatam  conflucntibus ;  capillis  luteis.     Exp.  al.  2,v  lin. 

Head  and  face  deep  luteous.  Palpi  whitish.  Antenna:!  dark  fus- 
cous, basal  joint  whitish.  Anterior  M'ings  lAacli,  with  a  silvery -jchite 
s]iot  on  the  costa  about  the  middle,  and  a  similar  silvery -white  spot  on 
the  middle  of  the  inner  margin  ;  these  spots  frequently  unite  to  form  a 
slender  angulated  fascia ;  cilia  whitish.  Posterior  wings  grey,  with 
paler  cilia. 

Has  occurred  on  fences  aiul  in  hedges  in  June,  but  hitherto 
very  scarce.     The  larva  (which   I  believe  belongs  to  this  species) 


NKPl'ICl'LA.  305 

feeds  iu  the  rose-leaves  in  autumn,  making  Lvrge  hlotches ;  it  is 
pale  greeimh,  and  it  makes  a  dark  hlacklsh-yreca  cocoon. 

27.  gratiosella,  Sta.  Cat.  p.  29  (181-9) ;  Diip.?  Alls  anticis  di-  ^  -,— ■ 
lute  aurco-brimucis,  postice  violacci.s,  fascia  lore  recta  pone  iiiodiuiu  W-  VjM 
candeHCCHte-nrfjentea  ;  capillis  atris.     pAp.  al.  2  liu.  i  itv-v. 

Head  and  face  ^/rtc/-.  Palpi  whitish.  Antenna!  dark  fuscous ;  basal 
joint  white.  Anterior  wings  pale  golden-brown,  witli  a  nearly  straight 
blimh-sUccri/  fascia  beyond  the  middle,  the  apex  of  the  wing  violet ; 
cilia  fuscous.     Posterior  wings  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Not  uncommon  in  May,  Hying  round  the  hawthorn-twigs,  iu 
the  sunsliine,  also  plentiful  on  paHngs  at  Beckenham.  The  larva 
is  one  of  the  yellowish  larvse  which  mine  the  leaves  of  haw  thorn 
in  autumn. 

28.  marginicolella,  Sta.  Zool.  1853,  p.  3958. — CenUfoliella, 
Sta.  Cat. — aurclla,  var.  y.  Haw. — lemniscdla,  Zell.  ?  Alis  anticis  Icele 
aureo-bruitiieis,  pone  medium  purpurco-tinctis,  oplce  saturate  pnrpKreo, 
fascia  ohliqua  pone  medium  argmtfo-alba ;  capillis  $  atris,  '^  forru- 
/jlneis.     Exp.  al.  2|-3  lin. 

Head  of  the  ^J  Idack,  of  the  ?  redJish-ijcllow.  Palpi  whitish.  An- 
tenna} fuscous;  basal  joint  whitish.  Anterior  wings  rich  (jolden-hrown, 
with  a  purple  tinge  beyond  the  iiiiihlle  ;  beyond  the  middle  is  a  rather 
oblique  silvery-white  fascia ;  the  apex  of  the  vjing  is  deep  purple ;  cilia 
pale  fuscous.     I'osterjor  wings  grey,  with  grey  cilia. 

Appears  in  May  and  August,  but  hitherto  only  met  with  in  the 
perfect  state  on  a  fence  near  Beckenham  in  i\Iay.  The  yellowish 
larva  mines  in  autumn  and  July  the  leaves  of  the  elm,  making  a 
long,  not  mterlunned  gallery,  frequently  at  the  etlije  of  the  leaj] 
going  in  and  out  of  each  scrratui-e. 

29.  aurella,   Fab.  S.  E.   GGfi.  ('.5   (1775);   Haw.;  Step.;  Zell.; 

Sta.      Alis  anticis  ln;le  aureo-brunneis,  pone  medium  purpureo-tiuetis,    r^    \\\\V 
apice  saturate  violaceo,  hsc'ia  recta   pono  mcd'imn  dilute  a  urea ;  capdhs    vK  •  YiiJL' 
ferruffii/eis.     Exp.  al.  3-3^  lin.  \  i  '  C- 

Head  and  face  reddish-yelloio.     Palpi  whitish.     Autcnnrc  fuscous;         '* 
basal  joint  whitish.      Anterior  wings   rich  golden-brown,  beyond    the 
middle  with  a  purple  tinge ;  beyond  the  nnddlc  is  a  neartg  straight, 
pale  golden  fascia ;  the  apical  portion  of  the  wing  is  deep  violet;  cilia 
fuscous.      Posterior  wings  grey,  with  grey  cilia. 

This  is  the  largest  and  best-known  species  of  the  genus;  it 
occurs  nearly  throughout  the  year,  being  however  most  plentiful 
in  May  and  August.  The  larva  mines  the  leaves  of  the  bramble, 
making  long  tortuous  galleries;  I  believe  it  may  be  fouml  in 
every  month  of  the  year ;  it  makes  a  singular  llattened  cocoon, 
with  scalloped  edges. 

VOL.    Ill  2     1! 


306  NI.l'TlCULIir.'E. 

Genus  11.     TRIFURCULA.  S^-YK  1^ 

TiuPURCULA,  Zell.  L.  E.  iii.  330  (1S48).     Jjjonetin  p.,  Zell.  Isis,  1830. 

Capilli  siii)enie  ct  in  fronte  hirsuti.  AiitenntE  breviusculcE,  niul?e,  con- 
cliula  modica  iustructae.  Palpi  maxillares  longiusculi,  plicati,  arti- 
culis  ultiinis  pcudulis.  Palpi  labiales  breves,  subporrecti.  K\^^t  an- 
teriores  breves,  grosse-squamatre,  ])osteriores  ovato-laiiceolata; ;  ante- 
riores :  vena  subcostalis  furcata,  vena  mediana  arcuata  trljida,  vena 
subdorsalis  simplex ;  posteriores :  vena  mediana  trlftda,  subdorsalis 
longiuscula. 

Head  above  and  in  front  hairy.  Antenna?  rather  short,  naked,  the 
basal  joint  furnished  with  a  moderate-sized  eye-cap.  Maxilhiry  palpi 
rather  long,  folded,  the  last  joints  drooping.  Labial  palpi  short,  sub- 
porreetcd.  Anterior  wings  short,  coarsely  scaled,  the  posterior  ovate- 
lanceolate.  In  the  anterior  wings  the  subcostal  vein  is  furcate,  the 
arched  median  vein  is  tripd,  and  the  subdorsal  vein  is  simple.  In  the 
j)osterior  wings  the  median  vein  is  h-ijid,  the  subdorsal  vein  rather  long. 
The  investigation  of  tlie  generic  characters  of  these  insects  is 
rendered  extremely  difficult,  from  their  small  size  and  hairy  heads ; 
smooth-headed  species  of  equal  size  would  be  far  more  easily  exa- 
mined; it  is  also  difficult  to  examine  the  neuration  of  the  whigs, 
and  I  am  therefore  doubtful  whether  the  distinctness  of  this  genus 
from  the  preceding  has  been  suihcicntly  established.  On  the 
other  hand,  it  may  be  that  it  would  be  more  correct  to  divide  the 
Nepficul\il(X  into  a  greater  number  of  genera'^. 

The  four  species  placed  in  this  genus  all  agree  in  the  absence 
of  definite  markings,  such  as  spots  and  fasciro,  and  arc  best  dis- 
tinguished by  their  coarsely-scaled,  irroratcd  appearance. 

1.  atrifrontella,  iSta.  tSup.  Cat.  p.  11  (1851).  Alis  anticis  luteo- 
albidis,  fusco  sull'usis,  basi  costa;  tantnni  sine  sqnamis  fuscis ;  capillis 
(dris.     Exp.  al.  4  lin. 

Head  and  face  black.  Palpi  whitish.  Antenn<c  dark  fuscous,  basal  joint 
whitish.  Anterior  wings  yellowish-white,  almost  entirely  suffused  with 
dark  fuscous  scales,  only  tlie  base  of  the  costa  remaining  of  the  ground- 
colour ;  cilia  greyish.     Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  with  paler  cilia. 

Two  specimens  in  Mr.  BedelFs  collection.  I  have  a  specimen 
taken  at  Lewisluun  from  a  mixed  hedge,  in  August. 

*  Mere  1  must  mention  the  singular  insect  taken  by  Mr.  Boyd  among  aklers,  in 
the  New  Forest,  kist  suuuner,  and  wliioh  I  caunot  consider  I;epido})tcrous,  though 
so  comidctely  Nepticulifonn.  Its  longer  autennte,  longer  legs,  diU'crcully-shaped 
broader  posterior  wings,  and  neuration  of  flic  anterior  and  posterior  wings,  would 
clearly  place  it  in  a  dislinct  genus,  if  admitted  as  T.epido])ferouK ;  but  the  more  po- 
lislied  uijpearauec  of  (lie  anterior  wings,  and  its  general  /(^vV',?,  indnee  me  to  thiuk 
it  Trichoptcrous.  Many  of  the  smaller  Trichoflera  are  continually  being  taken  for 
Tineina,  but,  except  in  the  present  instance,  1  am  not  awai'e  that  any  ditiiculty  has 
been  found  in  ultimately  distinguishing  tiiem. 


Tinii  Kt;i:i,A.  30? 

2.  squamatella,  Sta.  Cat.  p.  ;i()  (ISJD).  Alls  anticis  albidis 
griseo-squamatis,  ■•^quajim  codec  dor.siqne  rarioribiis,  liiwa  luiifjitiKlnmli 
tciiiii  curvata  disci  alblda ;   capillis  lnli'i>^.      Exp.  al.  4  liu. 

Head  and  face  lutcous.  Palpi  wliitisli.  AntcMiuiC  fuscous,  basal 
joint  whitish.  Anterior  winj^s  wiiitisli,  irroratod  with  f^rey  scales,  Iha 
coda  and  inner  nmrejhi  hc.huj  less  siiJ/'/(M'd,  and  a  very  slender  curved 
lomjitudinul  line  on  the  disc,  uninterraptedly  whilish ;  cilia  whitish. 
Posterior  wings  pale  grey  ;  cilia  whitish. 

A  few  specimens  have  occurred  among  broom  in  Angusl,  in 
company  with  the  foUowing,  of  which  perhaps  it  is  only  a  variety. 

;>.  immundella,  Zoll.  Isis,  1839,  p.  215,  3-39;  Sta.     Alis  anticis 
albidis  ubique  (jriseo-squamalis ;    capillis  Inleis  ant  violaceiv.     Exp.  al.     rrvi  '\J\\\ 
3i-4  1in. 

Head  and  face  hdeous,  sometimes  viold.     Palpi  whitish.      Antennie       12. 
grey,  basal  joint  whitish.     Anterior  wings  whitish,  irrorakd  tvilh  (jrey 
scales  throiujhout ;  cilia  whitish.     Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  with  yellow- 
ish cilia. 

Common  amongst  broom  in  July,  and  at  the  beginning  of  Au- 
gust ;  has  occurred  at  Charlton,  Dartford  Heath,  etc.,  and  in  the 
south  of  ScotLind. 

4.  pulverosella,  Sta.  Cat.  p.  30  (1849).  Alis  anticis  albis, 
grosse  ci;/e>'(^o-s(pianiatis,  capillis  ferrugineis.     Exp.  al.  3  liu. 

Head  and  face  fernujinom.  Palpi  whitish.  Antemi;i}  grey,  basal 
joint  whitish.  Anterior  wings  with  coarse  dark  ashy-grey  scales,  upon 
a  paler  ground  ;  cilia  yellowish-white.  Posterior  wings  pale  grey,  with 
yellowish-white  cilia. 

A  few  specimens  have  occurred  in  May  and  June,  among  wild 
apple-bushes. 


a  -' 


E  R  R  A  T  A, 


Page  1,  line  4  from  bottom,  for  I/eieroff////is  read  IIehvoi/i/>//s. 

„  3,  1.  7  from  bottom,  yb/  will  ajiply  read  well  apply. 

,,  5,  1.  6  from  bottom,  for  tribus  rarius  read  trilnis,  rarlus. 

„  22,  1.  26,  for  Bactylus  glomcralus  read  Dactyl'is  glomerata. 

„  22,  1.  28,  for  Bachjlus  read  Bartons. 

„  23,  1.  9,  for  Bacti/lus  (/lomeralKs  read  Badylls  (jlomerata. 

,,  39,  1.  12  from  bottom, /b?-  Bruaud  read  Bruand. 

,,  47,  1.  2^,  for  dilutis  read  dilute. 

,,  52,  1.  23,  /br  there  brilliant  coppery  read  then  brilliant  coppery. 

,,  57,  1.  23,yor  the  simples  read  the  simple. 

,,  CI,  bottom  line, /or  elongated  read  elongate. 

„  75,  1.  4  from  bottom, /w  remarkably  read  remarkable. 

„  76,  1.  2T,for  Phoricoptera  read  Psoricoptera. 

„  118,  1.  IS  from  bottom, /or  in  quo  read  in  qua. 

„  128,  1.  16  from  bottom, ybr  a  slight  interrupted  read  a  slightly  interrupted. 

„  130,  1.  13  from  bottom, /o;-  cloudy  dark  fascia  read  cloudy  dark  fascia;. 

„  131,  1.  14  from  bottom,  for  albhtr'ujeUa,  Step.,  read  ulbtstritjella.  Step.? 

,,  134,  1.  5  from  bottom, /or  pale  annulations  read  paler  anuulatious. 

„  137,  1.  20,  after  in  the  insert  First  Edition  of  the. 

„  150,  1.  16  from  bottom,  /br  producto  read  pi-oducti. 

„  17'J,  1.  13,  for  a  large  one  read  a  larger  one. 

„  180,  1.  18  and  1.  26,  for  JEchinm  read  Echhm. 

„  192,  1.  8  from  bottom,  /br  pustcriorly  dark  read  posteriorly  darker. 

„  213,  1.  21,  after  costam  insert  a  comma. 

,,  213,  1.  8,  after  apicem  insert  a  conmia. 

„  216,  1.  19,  ioY  (/aHjjenHella  xti'dd  (/allipennella. 

,,  233,  1.  20,  for  median  call  read  median  cell. 

,,  260, 1.  19  from  bottom,  after  and  insert  with  a. 

„  2G5,  1.  'd,fur  Wing  ;v'rtf/'Wiugs. 

„  269,  1.  IS  from  bottom, /or  striking  paler  read  strikiugly  paler. 

,,  272,  1.  (),  after  spotted  insert  with. 

,,  2S1,  1.  2,  for  wings  read  wine/. 

„  283,  1.  I,  for  Wing  read  Wings. 

„  283,  1.  13  from  bottom,  /or  non  cum  read  raox  cum. 

„  303,  1.  10,/or  larva  read  larvtc. 


liNUEX. 


Acrolepia 

Bctulclla 

granitclla 

perlepidella 

pvi^mffiana 
Adela   .     . 

cuprcUa  . 

Degeerclla 

Fibulella 

rufimitreUa 

Sulzella  . 

viridflla  . 
^chruia  . 

denlclla  . 
Anarsia     . 

Genistpc  . 

SparticUa 
Anesychia 

bipunctella 

decemguttella 

funerella 

pusiella    , 
Anybia 

langiella 
Aplota 

palpella  . 
Argyresthia 

abdominal  is 

albistria  . 

Audoreggicll 

arcfMithina    . 

aurulwitclla 

Brockcclla 

coiijiigella 

ciirvella  . 

duciiiiclla 

dilcctella 

c])lii|)pclla 

glaticiiiella 


Page 

1(19 

172 

171 

170 

171 

48 

51 

50 

49 

49 

49 

50 

17fi 

177 

143 

144 

144 

61 

62 

63 

63 

62 

244 

245 

146 

147 

18] 

185 

1 8-1. 

ISC) 

188 

189 

188 

]«4| 

186 

ls9! 

186; 

182  I 

185' 


A.  Goedartflla 
literella   . 
inendica  . 
nitidelia  . 
pra-cocella 
pivrpiirasoentcUa 
pygma;ella    . 
retiuella 
semifusca     . 
semitestacella 
Sorbit'IIa 
spiniella  .     . 

ARGYKESTHIDJi 

Asychna  .     . 

a>ratella  . 

fuscociliella  . 

modostclia    . 

terminclla     . 
Batrachedra 

pinicolella     . 

prfeangusta 
Bedellia    .     . 

somnulentella 
Buceulatrlx  . 

aurimamilcLla 

Boyerella 

cidarella  . 

Crata^gi  . 

cristalella 

Demaryella  . 

Frangutella  . 

llippocastaiiella 

maiilima 

L'linella  . 

vetustulla 
Bvitalis 

Chciiopodic'ila 

Cicadcila 

fusco-fciica    . 


Pasp 

187 

188 

181 

182 

189 

183 

187 

1S5 

184 

183 

187 

1S3 

180 

215 

246 

246 

241) 

246 

230 

231 

231 

226 

226 

290 

291 

293 

291 

292 

294 

292 

291 

29 1 

293 

291 

292 

164 

1 66 

166 

165 


Pa^'o 

B.  fusco-cnpiea 

.   166 

grandipeimis 

.   165 

iiicoiigruella 

.   167 

sencsceus 

.   166 

torqiiatella   . 

.  167 

varicUa    . 

.  166 

Cedestis   . 

.  189 

fariiiatella     . 

190 

Gysseliiiella 

190 

Cemiostoma 

286 

Laburncila    . 

287 

scitrlla     .     . 

288 

spartifoliella 

287 

Cerostoma 

69 

alpclla     .     . 

72 

asperella 

73 

costcUa    . 

71 

horridella 

72 

liicella     . 

72 

iiemorella     .     . 

73 

radiateUa      .     . 

71 

scabrolla 

73 

sequcUa  . 

70 

sylveUa    . 

72 

v'ittclla    .     .     . 

71 

XylostcUa     . 

74 

Chalybe    .     .     . 

64 

pyrausta 

64 

Chauliodus    . 

232 

ChaTophyllellus     . 

234 

Illigerclhis   .     .     . 

234 

insecurcllus 

234 

Chelaria    .     .     .     . 

142 

Tliibncrclla  . 

143 

Chimabacche     .     , 

14 

Fagclla    .      .     .     . 

15 

I'lirygaiicUa 

15 

Chi'ysoclista 

210 

bimaciilclla  .      .     . 

242 

310 

INDEX. 

Page 

Page 

('..  Ilavicaput    . 

.  242 

C.  Drurella 

229 

E.  Albiuella     .     . 

Linueella 

.  241 

Lienigiella    . 

229 

alpiuclia  .      .      . 

Sc-hraulcclla  . 

.  242 

Dasycera  .          .     . 

153 

apifipuiu'iella    . 

Clirysocorys 

.  247 

Oliviclla  .      ,      .      . 

155 

atricouieUa  .     . 

I'ustaliclla      .     . 

.  248 

sulpburella    . 

154 

Hcaellella      .      . 

Cleodora  .     .     . 

.  142 

Dasystoma    . 

13 

bintomella    . 

Cytisella 

.  142 

Sali«ella  .     .      .      . 

13 

Brumiicbella     . 

Coleophora  .     . 

.  208 

Depressaria  . 

83 

cerusella       .     . 

albicosta 

.  214 

albipunctella      .     . 

95 

cinereopuuctella 

albitarsella   .     . 

.  220 

AIstroBirieriaiia  .     . 

88 

coUitella       .     . 

alcyouipeunella 

.  211 

Angelicella  . 

91 

consortella   .     . 

anafipennella     , 

.  215 

applaua   .     .     .     . 

93 

cygnipennella    . 

amiulatella   . 

.  219 

arcuella   .      .     .     . 

87 

Eleochariella     . 

argentula 

.  219 

assimilclla    . 

86 

gangabclla    . 

badiipeniiclla     . 

.  224 

atoiuella       .     .     . 

86 

Gleichcuella 

binotapennella  . 

.  212 

badicUa    .     .     .     . 

99 

HoldeucUa   .     . 

Cfcspititiella 

.  218 

Capreolella  .     .     . 

90 

Kilmuuella  .     . 

couspicuella 

.  213 

CarduL'lla 

91 

luticomella  .     . 

cuiTucipenaclla 

.  215 

Clifcriiphylli 

98 

maguificella 

deauratclla   . 

.  210 

ciliulla     .     .     . 

93 

ilegerlella    .     . 

discordella    . 

.  216 

Cinillouella 

89 

nigrella   .     . 

Fabriciella    . 

.  210 

coutcrmiuella    . 

90 

obliquclla     .     . 

Frischella     . 

.  211 

costosa    .     . 

84 

obscurella     .     . 

fnscediuella  . 

.  221 

depressclla    .     . 

94 

occultclla      .     . 

giyphipennella 

.  222 

Douglasella  .     . 

97 

ochreella      .     , 

hemcrobiella 

.  220 

emeritella     .     . 

96 

Pfeiftbrella   . 

juncicolella  . 

.  220 

grauulosella 

94 

polliuai-iella 

LariccUa 

.  220 

Heracliaua  . 

100 

pulfhella 

lincolca   . 

.  218 

Ilypericella  . 

90 

Rliynchosporella 

Lixflla     . 

,  213 

liturelln   .     . 

85 

rufociuerea  .     . 

lufipeniiella 

.  224 

uanatcUa 

86 

serricornis    .     . 

iniu'inipeuuella 

.  218 

nervosa    . 

98 

subuigrella   .     . 

uigricella 

.  221 

ocellaua  .     .     . 

.     92 

trapezieUa    .     . 

niveicostella 

.  216 

pallorella 

.     85 

Treitsclikiella    . 

ochrea     .     . 

.  212 

Pastinacella 

.     99 

triatomea     .     . 

olivaceella    . 

.     .  223 

Pimpinella' 

.     95 

triscriatella  .     . 

Ouosmella    . 

.     .  217 

propiuqnella 

.     87 

zouariella 

orbitella  .     . 

.     .  221 

pulchernmella  . 

.     96 

Elachistid.'e 

palliatella     . 

.     .  215 

pui'purea 

.     89 

Endrosis  . 

paripciinella 

.     .  211 

rotuudella     . 

.     94 

feueslrella    . 

pyrrliulipeunel] 

■X    .  214 

subpropinquella 

.     88 

Enicostoma  . 

satiu'atuUa    . 

.     .  216 

UmbeUaiia    . 

.     85 

lobelia     .     .     . 

solitavicUa    . 

.     .  223 

iiltimella 

.     98 

Euplocamus 

thcrinclla 

.     .  217 

Weirclla 

.     97 

Boleti     .     .     . 

troglodytella 

.     .  217 

Yeatiaiia 

.     92 

Exeeretia  .     . 

vibicella 

.     .  213 

Diplodoma    .     . 

.     20 

Allisella  .     .     . 

vimiuetella  . 

.     .  223 

raargincpunctella 

.     20 

Exapate    . 

A'uliicraria?  . 

.     .  214 

Douglasia      .     . 

.  179 

gelatella  .     .     . 

Wofkcella    . 

.     .  212 

OcncrostonicUa 

.   180 

EXAPATID.E       .       . 

CoLEOI'IIORIDyE 

.     .  208 

Eidophasia    .     . 

.     66 

Gelechia  .     .     . 

Coriscium 

.     .  201 

Mfssingiella 

.     66 

aomiiiiiatella 

HrDiigniardellti 

n   .  202 

Elachista       .     . 

.  248 

iEtliiops 

(■iiculi])('iiiiellun 

1     .  202 

abruptdla     .     . 

.  258 

affinis       .     . 

sulphurc'llniu 

.     .  203 

adscHcUa 

.  259 

alacella    .     .     . 

Cosmopteryx 

.     .  228 

albifroutella 

.  252 

albiccps  . 

Pa-o 


INDEX. 

311 

Page 

PaRe 

Pago 

r..  aleella     .      . 

.     .  128 

G.  nigra 

.      .   107 

G.  semifaseia    .     . 

.   196 

AiiUiyllidclIa 

.     .  133 

nigricostclla 

.      .   135 

stigniatdla   .     . 

.   195 

Ai-iciiiisiclla 

.     .  114 

uigrifella 

.      .   133 

sti-ainincclla 

.  195 

alrolla     .     . 

.     .  134 

notatclla 

.     .   118 

Sucdcrella    . 

.   195 

Atriplicella  . 

.     .  127 

obsoletdla     . 

.     .  127 

Syriiigella     . 

.  198 

basalis     .     . 

.     .  105 

palustiTJla    . 

.     .   109 

triugipeniiclla    . 

.  197 

basalt inella  . 

.     .  116 

paiipcUa  .     . 

.     .   138 

Gl!ACn.AKIID/E 

.  193 

bifrai'teUa     . 

.     .  134 

pcliella    .     . 

.     .   Ill 

Harpella  .     .     . 

.   151 

boreclla  .     . 

.     .  116 

pidclla    .     . 

.     .   137 

GuoliVclla     .     . 

.  152 

Brizclla  .     . 

.     .  137 

politclla  .     . 

.   113 

Heliodines 

.  243 

celerella  .     . 

.     .  122 

I'opulclla 

.     .   106 

]\ocsdla        .     . 

.  244 

ccrealella 

.     .  135 

proximclla    . 

.     .  118 

Hypercallia 

.  152 

cinerella 

.     .    103 

rhombc'Ua     . 

.     .  117 

Christ ifrnaiia    . 

.   153 

Coronillella  . 

.     .  133 

rul'osccus 

.     .  104 

Hyponomeuta  . 

.     58 

costolla    . 

.     .  122 

scriptclia 

.  120 

EvoiiymfUus     . 

.     60 

cuiieaiulla 

.     .  110 

senecfclla 

.   114 

irrorellus      .     . 

.     60 

(Icsortflla 

.     .  113 

seqiiax     . 

.  128 

Padi  .... 

.     61 

dillliiis 

.     .  112 

siuiilis     .     . 

.   115 

Paddlus       .     . 

.     60 

distiuctcUa   , 

.     .  121 

Sircomella    . 

.  132 

plunibdlus    .     . 

.     59 

divisella  .     . 

.  109 

soIuteUa  .     . 

.  121 

vigiiitipimdatus 

.     59 

dodecella 

.  130 

sororculella  . 

.  110 

IIy1>0N03IKUTU)vE 

.     53 

douiestica     . 

.  117 

siiboccllea     . 

.  139 

Inciu-varia     .     . 

.     39 

erict'tella 

.  108 

suirusclla 

.  134 

capildia  .      .      . 

.     41 

ericinella 

.  13S 

(u'uiolclla 

.  132 

imiscaldia    .     . 

.     40 

fralcrnella    . 

.  124 

teiiRTflla 

.  107 

Odiliiiaimiclla  . 

.     41 

fugitivella     . 

.  120 

teiiebrella     . 

.  131 

pcotiiica  . 

.     40 

fiiinatella 

.  108 

teiiebrosella 

.  131 

tenuicoruis   . 

.     41 

Galbaiiflla    . 

.   116 

terrella    .     .     . 

.  112 

Lampronia    .     . 

.    37 

gcmmclla 

.  135 

tricolorclla    . 

.  123 

Luzdla    .     .     . 

.     38 

gciToiicUa     . 

.   104 

fripai-ella 

.   130 

lira-latdla     .      . 

.     38 

Ifcnnauuella 

.   136 

vclocclla       .     . 

.  108 

quadripuuddla 

.     38 

Hiibiicri 

.   125 

viciudla        .     . 

.  125 

Uubidla  .     .     . 

.     39 

huTiicralis     . 

.   ll'J 

vilclla      .     .     . 

.  105 

Lamprosetia 

.     39 

iinmacidalcUa 

.   132 

voi'ticclla 

.  132 

Vcrhudldla       . 

.     39 

inopclla  .     . 

.   138 

vulgflla  .     .     . 

.   119 

Laverna    .     .     . 

.  235 

inoriiatclla    . 

.  104 

Gelkchidk    .     . 

.     75 

atra    .... 

.  239 

instabilella   .     . 

.  126 

Ol,YI'HII'Ti;i!Yf;iD. 

E  .  169 

dccordla       .     . 

.  239 

juiiclella       .     . 

.  125 

Glyphipteryx    . 

.  173 

Kpilobidla    .     . 

.  238 

Ieutiii;iii09clla     . 

.  107 

eciuitclla       .     . 

.  175 

iacttdla  .     .     . 

.  236 

Iciicatcna      .      . 

.  128 

Fisdieriolla  . 

.  176 

odiraccclla  .     . 

.  238 

li-nlclla  .      .      . 

.  131 

fuscoviridflla     . 

.  17t 

Phragiuitdla     . 

.  238 

litlorclla       .      . 

.  127 

llaworthaiia 

.  175 

propiiiqudla 

.  236 

loiigicoriii3   .     . 

.  Ill 

ocuiatcUa 

.  175 

Kliaiimidla  .      . 

.  240 

lucidflla  .     .     . 

.  134 

Thrasoiiclla 

.  174 

Staiiitoiii 

.  237 

liiciilclla  . 

.   11'.) 

Gracilaria 

.  I'.M. 

Stcpiicnsi 

.  237 

lutulcntella  . 

.   135 

auroguttclla 

.    199 

subbi.strigdla     . 

.  230 

maculca  .     . 

.   123 

cloiigelia       .     . 

.  197 

Lniiocoi.i.KTiD.v: 

.  264 

raaculifertlla 

.  124 

falcoiiipennclla  . 

.    196 

LithocoUetis 

.  264 

I\lalvtlla       .     . 

.   105 

hciniilactylclla  . 

.   196 

aliiifolidla     . 

.  276 

niariiiorca     . 

.    126 

irn])('rialclla 

.   201 

Amyoldia     .      . 

.  267 

iSIouli'ctclla  .     . 

.   130 

omisstlla 

.    198 

('ak'd(jnidla 

.  275 

muliiiclla 

.   109 

Ouoiiidis       .     . 

.   200 

car[)itiii'oIdla     . 

.  272 

muudcUa 

.   115 

pliasiaiiipcnnclla 

.    199 

c'(ini|)ardla    .     . 

.  282 

lucviferclla   . 

.   136 

po])ulotormn 

.   197 

Coryli      .      .      . 

.   270 

nanuUa    . 

.  129' 

(juadruplella 

.  200 

corylifolidla 

.  274 

312 


INDEX. 


elhi 


L.  Cramerella  . 

Duuuiiigiella 

emberiztcjieunella 

Eaginella 

Frolicliiclla 

IleegericUa 

hortclla   . 

irradiella 

Kknnannclla 

Laiitanella 

lautella    . 

Messaniella 

Nicellii    . 

nigrescentella 

pomitbliella 

quercifoliella 

quinqiU'guttcl 

Eoboris  . 

salicicolella 

ScabioscUa 

Schreberella 

Scopariella 

spiuicololla 

fSpiuoIclla 

Stettiiicusis 

sylvclla  . 

tcuclla     . 

trit'ascicUa 

tngutfclla 

trislrigella 

iilici('olclla 

ulmit'oliella 

viniinutorum 

viiuiuii'lla 
Lyonetia  . 

Clerckcila 

jiadiiblicUa 

liVONKTID.K 

Micropteryx 

AUionella 

Armicella 

Call  bulla 

MansiR'tclla 

piupurclia 

Salopiella 

scinipiirpurclla 

Seppclla 

Spaniianiiella 

subpui'piu't'lla 

Tuiibci'gella 

uiiiinaculclla 
Nemophora  . 

L'artcri    . 

IVIclaxc'lla     . 

pilclla 


Page 

277 

279 

278 

271 

27S 

277 

207 

269 

2S0 

268 

270 

274 

279 

269 

270 

273 

268 

266 

271 

281 

280 

275 

271 

273 

279 

277 

277 

281 

268 

281 

276 

273 

272 

275 

283 

28-1 

281 

282 

42 

43 

43 

42 

43 

44 

44 

45 

43 

45 

46 

44 

45 

46 

47 

48 

47 


N.  Schwarziella    . 

Swaiumerdammella 
Uemotois 

ciipriacdlus 

fasuicllus 

iniuiinellus   . 

Scabioscllus 
N'epticula 

AcctoScC  . 

aiigulifasciella 

auoinalella    . 

apicL'lla    . 

argeutipedella 

argyropeza   . 

atricapitella 

aurella     . 

Catbarticella 

iloslactella    . 

gratiosella    . 

HcadleyeUa 

ignobilella    . 

iutimeUa 

Malella    .     . 

marginicolella 

miciothcridla 

Oxyacautbclhi 

plagicolella  . 

pygiiiicella    . 

qiiiuquella    . 

riiticapitella 

Salicis 

ScptciiibreUa 

scricopcza    . 

siibbimaculcUa 

Tityrella       . 

triinaculella 

visccrt'Ua 
Nepticulid/k 
Nothris     . 

Durdliaiiiella 

Verbasfulla  . 
Ochsenheimeria 

]5ii-dilla 

liisoiitt'Ila     . 

Vacciilella    . 
Ocnerostoma 

])iiiiari('lla     . 
CEcophora     . 

augustclia     . 

flavilVontolla 

flaviniaculclla 

formosella    . 

fiisccscens     . 

graudis    . 

T;ainbd(;lla    . 


Page 

47 
47 
51 


53 
52 
295 
303 
304 
297 
300 
303 
300 
297 
305 
299 
301 
305 
300 
302 
299 
304 
305 
302 
298 
303 
298 
301 
297 
302 
299 
301 
300 
304 
30] 
298 
295 
147 
148 
148 
21 
22 
23 
23 
191 
191 
155 
158 
161 
157 
159 
161 
159 
160 


CE.  lanaris  . 

minutella 

Panzcrclla    . 

pseudo-sprotclla 

similella  . 

siibaquilca     . 

tiucteUa  . 

tripuncta 

luiitella   . 

Woodiella     . 
CEgoconia 

qnadinpuucta 
OinopMla 

V-tlava    .     . 
Opostega 

anritella  . 

crcpusculella 

salaciella 
Ornix   . 

AngliceUa    . 

Avellanella  . 

BetiiJic    .     . 

Devoniella    . 

guttea 

Logauella 

vScoticella     . 

sciitidatella 

torquilk'Ua   . 
Orthotaslia    . 

Spargauella 
Pancalia  . 

Latrt'ilk'Ua   . 

Leuwculiockella 
Parasia 

Carliuella 

Lappella 

Mctzncric'lla 

ueuroptcrclla 
Perittia    .     . 

oljscurcpimc-lella 
Phibalocera 

Quercana 
Phyllocnistis 

saligua    . 

suU'usella 
Pleurota  . 

bicostella 
PluteUa    .     . 

auiiidalclla    . 

Cnifircrarum 

Dalulla    .     . 

porrtctcOa    . 
Plutellidse 
Prays   .     .     . 

Curtisellua    . 


INDFA". 

:i  1  :J 

Page 

Pace 

Pafjo 

Psoricoptera 

100 

Tinagma  .     .     . 

MX 

T.  pellionella    .     . 

33 

gibbosclla 

101 

rcspk'iulclluni 

17'.) 

picarclla  .     .     . 

2S 

Koslerstammia . 

172 

sei'icicllum    .     . 

17'.) 

nirifolella     . 

31 

Erxlcbdla     .     . 

17^ 

Staiinecllmn 

17'J 

vusticdla       .     . 

27 

Scythropia    .     . 

57 

Tinea    .... 

2i 

st'iiiifiilvcDa  . 

35 

Cratifgdla    .     . 

57 

albipunctclia 

32 

siinplirella    .     . 

35 

Semioscopis 

78 

arcella     .     .     . 

2s 

siibainmaudla    . 

3f) 

Avcllauflla    .      . 

7y 

arcuatella 

2'.) 

lapdzdla      .     . 

28 

Stcinkollneriaua 

70 

arafiitimaciildla 

80 

'riNKID.K       .       .       . 

1() 

Solonobia       .     . 

19 

bi.^cllii'lla       .     . 

31. 

Tischeria  . 

203 

I)ony:lasii 

jy 

bi.strigclla     .     . 

35 

complaiidla  . 

203 

inroiis])icuclla    . 

lU 

CapriniulgcUa    . 

32 

iiiariiiiioa 

201. 

Sophronia      .     . 

MS 

doacella  .     .     . 

31 

Trifiirciila 

300 

Inmicrclla      .     . 

150 

C'ocliylidc'lla 

32 

alrilVoiitdla 

300 

parenthcsella 

149 

corticclla      .     . 

29 

iminuiuldla  . 

307 

Stathmopoda     . 

227 

fcrvugiiiella  .     . 

2(i 

pulvcrosdla  .     . 

307 

IiL'dclIa     .      .      . 

22s 

(lavpsccntella 

34 

S(puiiiiatdla  .     . 

307 

Swammerdamia 

5  1 

fiilviniitrclla 

27 

Xysmatodoma  . 

20 

apioella    .     .     . 

55 

riisc-ipuurtclla     . 

33 

iiidaudla 

21 

Cfosidla  .     .     . 

5  5 

GraiR'lla  .      .     . 

30 

Ypsolophiis  .     . 

145 

griscoeapilclla   . 

5(; 

iinclla 

20 

fasfidliis  .      .      . 

115 

liitarca     .     .     . 

5() 

Lapflla    . 

34 

Margiiidlu.s 

140 

Pyrclla    .     .     . 

56 

niisclla 

33 

Zelleria     .     .     . 

191 

Talseporia      .     . 

17 

moiiaclicUa   . 

27 

i'asi-iajx'iiiidia     . 

192 

pscutlobomlncclla 

IS 

ui.ufipuuctclla    . 

.'!  5 

Iicparidla 

192 

pubiconiis     .     . 

IS 

urhracL'dla    . 

3() 

iiisiti'iiipemidla  . 

192 

•riieristis  .     .     . 

71' 

palk'.scoutella     . 

34 

caiulella   .     .     . 

71 

para.^iteUa     . 

30 

-11  La^         C'tTic         (P-^C^->^ 


Ouv^tvc^ett-^      c.    ccr^A-   '-7^--t~     ^■--^^o'^/   Y:^ 

rt.  ci^«-..,«L  (  a:<^ucfo3,  .jfv._cl  '>>«.H-  i-.>^-5  ■^'^-^ 


PLATE    I. 


Family  1.  EXAPATID^E. 

Genus  1.  Sicapate.  Fig.  1  a,  anterior  wing  of  Exupaie  gelateUa ; 
1  b,  posterior  wing;   1  c,  liead ;  1  d,  portion  of  antenna. 

Genus  2.  Dasystoma.  Fig.  2  a,  anterior  wing  of  Dasijstonm  8uli- 
cella ;   2  b,  posterior  wing;   2  c,  head. 

Genus  3.  Cliimabacche.  Fig.  3  a,  anterior  wing  of  Chhnabacche 
Fagellct ;  3  b,  posterior  wing ;  3  d,  portion  of  antenna  ;  3  e,  pal- 
pus; 3'(',  head  of  Cltiuutbacche  Fhri/gunella. 

Family  II.  TINEIDJ5. 

Genus  1.  Talseporia.  Fig.  4  a,  anterior  wing  of  Talcpporla  pseiido- 
hombj/cellti ;  4  b,  posterior  wing  ;  4  c,  head ;  4  '  c,  head  of  TaUe- 
2mria  piibicornis ;  4-'d,  portion  of  antenna. 

Genus  2.  Solenobia.  Fig.  5  a,  anterior  wing  of  Solenobia  hicon- 
sj/iciiella ;   5  6,  posterior  wing;   5  c,  head. 

Genus  3.  Biplodoma.  Fig.  6  a,  anterior  wing  of  Biplodoma  mar- 
(jme-pmictella ;  fi  h,  postciior  wing ;  6  c,  head ;  6  d,  portion  of 
antenna. 

Genus  4.  Xysmatodoma.  Fig.  7  c,  vtwivnox  whv^oi  Xijsuialodom a 
melanella ;  1  b,  posterior  wing;   7  c,  head. 

Genus  5.  Ochsenheiraeria.  Fig.  8  a,  anterior  wing  of  Ochsen- 
heimeria  BlrdvUu ;   S  b,  posterior  wing ;   8  c,  head. 

Genus  6.  Euplocamus.  J*'ig.  9  c,  head  of  IJ/z/docam/fs  BoJell  $  ; 
9  d,  porlion  of  antenna  of  (j* . 

Gknus  7-  Tinea.  Fig.  10  a,  anterior  wing  of  Tinea  Lapel! a ;  ]0  b, 
posterior  wing ;  10  o,  head  ;  10'«,  anterior  wing  of  Tinea  biael- 
liella ;  10 '/>,  posterior  wing;  10 'c,  head;  1  ()''«,  anterior  wing 
of  Tinea  bistrigella ;  10 'V>,  posterior  wing;  lO"r,  head;  10 '"c, 
head  of  Tinea  oehraceella. 


I,KIMI)()i>TKK'A  TIXKIN  A 


PI  I 


PLATE    11. 


Family  II.  TINEIDiE  {coHllmied) . 

Genus  8.  Lampronia.  Fig.  1  c,  head  of  Lampronia  prMatella ; 
Va,  anterior  wing  of  Lmnpronia  quadrqiuucldla ;  \'b,  posterior 
wing. 

Genus  9.  Lamprosetia.  Fig.  2  c,  bead  of  Lamjn'osetia  Verlmel- 
Idla. 

Gemus  ]0.  Incurvaria.  Fig.  Zh',  posterior  wing  (undenuded)  of 
Incurvaria  viascaleUa ;  3  c,  head  of  ^ ;  3'^,  anterior  wing  of 
Incnrvarla  cajntella ;  i'  b,  posterior  wing ;  3  'i,'  posterior  wing 
(undenuded) ;  3  'c,  liead. 

Genus  11.  Micropteryx.  Fig.  -1  a,  anterior  wing  of  Micropteryx 
Alllonella ;  4  h,  posterior  wing  ;  4  c,  head  ;  4  '  a,  anterior  wing  of 
Microj)teryx  seiuipurpurdla ;  4  '  5,  posterior  wing. 

Genus  12.  BTemophora.  Fig.  5  a,  anterior  wing  of  Nemopliora 
Swammenhniiinclla ;  5  b,  i)Osterior  wing;  '^b',  posteiior  wing  (un- 
denuded) ;  5  c,  head  ;  h' b^  posterior  wing  (undenuded)  of  Nemo- 
pjliora  pilelJa. 

Genus  13.  Adela.  Fig.  6  a,  anterior  wing  o{  Adela  viridella ;  6  b, 
posterior  wing;  6  c,  head  of  J";  C 'c,  head  of  Adela  Fibulella ; 
6  " c,  head  of  Adda  Beyaerdla  ^  . 

Genus  14.  Memotois.  Fig.  7  a,  anterior  wing  oi  Nemotois  Scabio- 
sellus ;  7  b,  ])ostcrior  wing;  7  c,  head  of  (J;  I'c,  head  of  Nemo- 
tois  fuscidlHS,  $  . 

Family  III.  IIITONOMEUTLDJE. 

Genus  1.  Sivammerdamia.  Fig.  S  a,  anterior  wing  o{  Swammer- 
duinia  cd'Hidla ;  S  b,  posterior  wing;  ^6  b' ,  posterior  wing  (unde- 
nu(k'(l)  ;   8  c,  head. 


Li;iMiK)i'ii;i;A  tim:i.\ A 


/«. 


"^SssT""- 


N^" 


"^dv' 


,^W  "--^^ 


/f-- 


4 


i>  L  A  T  K    [  (  [ 


Family  111.   HYPONOMEUTID.E  (cmnuned). 

Genus  2.  Scythropiae  Fig-.  1  it,  anterior  wing  of  Scytliropia  Cra- 
ta'fjalla  ;   1  b,  posterior  wing  ;   1  r,  liead. 

Gexus  o.  llyp©noi,neuta»  Fig.  2  r/,  anterior  wing  of  Bijponomeuta 
Paddlus  ;  2  h,  posterior  wing  ;  'ih' ,  posterior  wing  (undennded) ; 
2Vj  head  o1  IIi/ponoDicala^cogiidtcUns.  -  ^ihavi-j  hvcUuo    t"^'^^ 

Gemts  4.  AnesycMa.  Fig.  3  a,  anterior  wing  of  Ane.vjcJtia  func- 
rellu ;  3  h,  posterior  wing;  3  c,  head. 

Genus  G.  Frays.  Fig.  4  «,  anterior  wing  of  Py«^«  C«/YiW/«6' ;  4  i, 
posterior  wing  ;   4  c,  head. 

Family  IV.  PLUTELLID.E. 

Genus  1.  Hidophasia.  Fig.  5  a,  anterior  wing  of  FAdophusia  Mes- 
sbif/idla  :   5  h,  posterior  wing;   5  c,  head. 

Genus  2.  Plutella.  Fig.  6  a,  anterior  wing  of  Plutella  Criicifera- 
rimi ;  G  h,  posterior  wing;  G  c,  head;  ^'h,  posterior  wing  of 
Plutella  JDalella  ;   G'(',  palpus. 

Genus  3.  Cerostonia.  Fig.  7  n,  anterior  wing  of  Ccrostoma  radia- 
tella ;  7  b,  jiostcrior  wing;  7  c,  liead ;  I'a,  anterior  wing  of  Ce- 
rosloma  Incella ;  T'a,  anterior  wi)ig  of  Ccrostoiini  scahrclla ;  1"'a, 
anterior  wing  of  C'crostovut  nemorella  ;  7  "' 0,  posterior  wing ;  1"" c, 
head  of  Cfroatoiua  Xi/losUdhi. 

Genus  4.  Theristis»  Fig.  8  a,  anterior  wing  of  Tkcristis  caudella  ; 
8  b,  posterior  wing  ;   s  c,  head. 

Family  V.  GELEOllID/E. 

Genus  1.  Orthotselia.     iM'g.  '.'  c,  head  of  OrlholffVut  Sparcjanella. 

Genus  2.  Semioscopis.  iMg.  10  <i,  anterior  wing  of  Siuuoiicopis 
Sle'mkalbu'ridiKi ;  10  <^,  posterior  wing  ;  10  (',  palpus  ;  10 'c,  head 
of  Sc'iH/n.scopis  y/rc'llauc/lf/. 

Cii-.NUs  .").  Exaeretia.  I'ig.  M  c,  head  of  pAvcerelio  yllHscUo  ;  11  d, 
portion  of  aiHenna 


I.Kl'IDol'TKia     !I\KI^\ 


I'l  : 


""^ 


7a 


/T'  - 


t  '-        ... 


,p#-^' 


'C^r^&- 


'"^"^^S^"^    ■- 


.  7'"f' 


^1^? 


'T'a?^ 


^ 


41 


V^'. 


r^ 


•^-€: 


t 


'^%i^ 


'^'-f^', 


JL" 


PLATE    1\. 


Family  V.  GELECHID.E  {contbmed) . 

Genus  3.  Enicostonia.  Fig.  1  a,  anterior  wing  of  Enkodoma  lo- 
belia;   1  I/,  posterior  wing  ;   1  c,  licad. 

Genus  1.  Phibalocera.  Fig.  2  a,  anterior  wing  of  Fhibalocera 
Qutrcana  ;   3  b,  posterior  wing  ;   2  c,  licatl. 

Genus  6.  Depressaria.  Fig.  3  a,  anterior  wing  of  Dqn-essaria 
appluna ;   3  h,  posterior  wing;   3  c,  lieacl. 

Genus  7.  Psoricoptera.     Fig.  4  c,  head  of  Psoricoptera  gihhosellu. 

Genus  8.  Gelechia.  Fig.  5  a,  anterior  wing  of  Geh'cJda  rufescens ; 
5  h,  posterior  wing  ;  5  e,  head  ;  5  'a,  anterior  wing  of  Gelechia 
Popnldla  ;  Z'd,  posterior  wing  ;  ."> '  c,  head  ;  5"c,  head  of  Gelechia 
tceniolella  I  5"'c,  head  of  Gelechia  ncevifereUa ;  5""rt,  anterior 
wing  of  Gelechia  snbocellea ;   ^""b,  posterior  wing;   5""c,  head. 

Genus  9.  Farasia.  Fig.  G  a,  anterior  wing  of  Parasia  Carlinella ; 
0  b,  ]iostcrior  wing  ;   6 ' c,  head  of  Parasia  Lappella. 

Genus  10.  Gleodora.    Fig.  7  a,  anterior  wing  of  Cleodora  Ci/fisclla  ; 

7  /;,  posterior  wing;   7  c,  head. 

Genus  11.  Chelaria.     Fig.  8  c,  head  of  Chelaria  Hilbnerella. 

Genus  12.  Anarsia.  Fig.  'da,  anterior  wing  of  ./^/c/nvV/  Spartiella  ; 
9  b,  posterior  wing ;  9  c,  head  of  ?  ;   9  e,  palpns  of  ^ . 

Genus  13.  Ypsolophus.  Fig.  10  a,  anterior  wing  of  I'psoloph/ts 
mar<jineUns ;   10  b,  postei'ior  wing;   10  e,  hcail. 

Genus  1  !•.  Aplota.     Fig.  11  c,  l)cad  oi  ApJola  imlpella. 

Genus  15.  Nothris.  Fig.  12  c/,  anterior  wing  of  Nolhris  Verban- 
eeUa  ;    12  b,  posterior  wing  ;   12  c,  head. 


l.l;l>llK>l'Tl•:l^\  'unkina 


^U        __-_, ^ 


Gh 


/ 


.>>    \ 


X 


■VA 


■'fr 


U.J'    V-     :!.« 


10  h 


>_- 


y^ 


/;;* 


-r  ^'-^^ 


..  Jiir.*  4:-  ..li-ist  i'j:  ia  -Lar 


PLATE    V 


Family  V.  GELECHIDia^  {continued). 

Genus  16.  Sophronia.     Fig.  1  <i,  anterior  wing  of  Sophronia  pa- 

renthesdla  ;   1  b,  posterior  wing ;   1  c,  licad. 
Genus  17.  Pleurota.     Fig.  2  a,  anterior  wing  of  Phurota  hicodella  ; 

3  b,  posterior  wing  ;   2  c,  Lead. 
Genus  IS.  Harpella.     Fig.  3  a,  anterior  wing  of  IlarpeUu  Geof- 

frella;  3  b,  posterior  wing  ;  3  c,  head. 

Genus  19.  Hypercallia.  Fig.  4  a,  anterior  wing  of  Ihjpercallia 
Christieniana ;  4  b,  posterior  wing  ;  4  c,  head. 

Genus  20.  Dasycera.     Fig.  5  a,  anterior  wing  of  Basycera  suljjJm- 

reUa  ;   5  b,  posterior  wing  ;   5  c,  head. 
Genus  21.  Q];cophora.    Fig.  6  «,  anterior  wing  of  Qico/j/i'ora^jse^c/o- 

spreieUa ;   G  b,  posterior  wing  ;   6  c,  head. 

Genus  22.  CCgoconia.     Fig.  7  «,  anterior  wing  of  ffi/oco?iia  ij'?<f«Zn- 

puncla  ;  7  b,  posterior  wing ;   7  c,  head. 

Genus  23.  Undrosis.  Fig.  8  a,  anterior  wing  of  Eiidrosis  fenes- 
irdla  ;  8  b,  posterior  wing  ;  S  // ',  posterior  wing  (uudciiuded)  ; 
8  c,  head. 

Genus  24.  Butalis.  Fig.  9  a,  anterior  wing  of  BnUdis  (jrandipen- 
nis ;  9  b,  posterior  wing ;  9  c,  head  ;  9 '  r,  head  of  BiitaVts  tor- 
quatella  ;  9"ff,  anterior  wing  of  Bntalls  incongrudlu ;  ^i"  b,  pos- 
terior wing  ;   9  " c,  head. 

Genus  25.  Pancalia.  Fig.  1 0  ff,  anterior  wing  of  P««crt/i«  Zewawc- 
hotkellu ;   10  b,  posterior  wing  ;   10  c,  head. 

Family  VI.  GEYrillPTEIiyGID/E. 

Genus  1.  Acrolepia.  Fig.  11  c/,  anterior  wing  of  ^:/(:T0^y/(7 //?•««/- 
tell  a ;   Wb,  posterior  wing;    11  r,  head. 

Genus  2.  Roslerstammia.  Fig.  12  «,  anterior  wing  of  liosler- 
sUtmmia  Erxldwlla ;    12  b,  posterior  wing  ;   13  e,  head. 


tNX^v'^       icT;    WU«,  V     H^k 


"^^XA.^.^^^X^.^.\^       ta,   vJt? 


J 


l,K!>II)(>ITF,ia     TlXif,  A 


FM  5 


-_t- 


PLATE    VI. 


Family  VI.  GLYPHIPTERYGID/E  {continued). 

Genus  3.  Glyphipteryx,  Fig.  1  a,  anterior  wing  of  GlypJupterijx 
fmcovlrldella ;  1  h,  posterior  wing;  IV,  head  of  Ghjphlpleryx 
Thrasonella ;  1 ' d,  portion  of  antenna. 

Genus  4.  .^chmia.  Fig.  2  a,  anterior  wing  of  jEchu/la  dentella ; 
2  h,  posterior  wing ;   2  c.  Lead. 

Genus  5.  Perittia.  Fig.  3  a,  anterior  wing  of  Perittia  ohscure- 
puiictella ;   3  /;,  posterior  wing;   3  c,  head. 

Genus  G.  Tinagma..  Fig.  4  «,  anterior  wing  of  5V«fff/j«rt  senW<?Z/«w.  ,- 
4  b,  posterior  wing;  4  c,  head. 

Genus  7.  Douglasia.  Fig.  5  a,  anterior  wing  of  Douylasia  ocnero- 
siomdla ;   5  h,  posterior  wing ;   5  c,  head. 

Family  VII.  AIIGYIIESTITID.E. 

Genus  1.  Argyresthia.  Fig.  6  a,  anterior  wing  of  ArgyrestJda 
nitidclla ;  Gl),  posterior  wing;  6'c,  head  o{  Argyresthia  ephlp- 
pella  ;   0  "a,  anterior  wing  of  Argyresthia  arceuthina. 

Genus  2.  Cedestis.  Fig.  7  a,  anterior  wing  of  Cedcstis  farinatella ; 
7  f),  posterior  wing;  7  c,  head  (front  view);  1c',  head  (side 
view). 

Genus  3.  Ocnerostoma.  Fig.  8  a,  anterior  wing  of  Ocnerostoma 
piniarieJIa ;   8  Ij,  posterior  wing;   8  c,  head. 

Genus  4.  Zelleria.  Fig.  9  a,  anterior  wing  of  Zelleria  hepariella  ; 
9  h,  posterior  wing  ;  9  c,  head. 

Family  VIII.  GRACILARIID/E. 

Genus  I.  Gracilaria.  Fig.  10  «,  anterior  wing  of  Gracilaria  stig- 
matclla ;  10  I),  ])osterior  wing;  10  c,  head  ;  10  'a,  anterior  wing 
of  Gracilaria  nuiissella ;   \^'  h,  posterior  wing  ;   10  'e,  head. 

Genus  2.  Coriscium.  Fig.  11  a,  anterior  wing  of  Coriscium  Brong- 
niardelhim ;  W  I),  posterior  wing;  11  <",  liead  ;  11  '  e,  pal|)ns  of 
Coriscium  sidphurdlnm. 

Genus  3.  Ornix.  Fig,  12  c/,  anterior  wing  of  Orni.r  A/iglicella ; 
12  I),  ])osterior  wing  ;   12 'r,  liead  of  ()r>/i,r  Scoiicella. 


I.EIMDOPTKKA     TIM'IHA 


I'll! 


_^^:P 


fit  ^  -^b 

J/ 


'i/mf  J.-Ti'.\-s(  lith   a.l.i.K 


PLATE    VII. 


Family  IX.  COLEOrHOlUD.E. 

Genus  1.  Coleophora.  Eig.  1  a,  aiitevior  wing  of  Coleophora  aua- 
tipenndla  ;  1  b,  po-sterior  wing  ;  1 '  c,  head  of  Coleophora  Fabri- 
ciella ;  I'V/j  portion  of  antQima  o^  Coleo^jkora  jJayipemiella ;  l"'d, 
portion  of  antenna  of  Coh'ojjhora  oclireo. 

Family  X.  ELACHISTID.5]. 

Genus  1.  Bedellia.  Fig.  2  a,  anterior  wing  of  BedeUia  somnulen- 
ielhi ;   3  h,  posterior  wing  ;  2  c,  head. 

Genus  2.  Stathmopcda.  Fig.  3  n,  anterior  wing  of  Slathnojmda 
pedella ;   3  h,  posterior  wing  ;   3  c,  head  ;   3  d,  portion  of  antenna. 

Genus  3.  Cosmopteryx.  Fig.  4  a,  anterior  wing  of  Cosmopteryx 
Bnirelhi ;  4  b,  posterior  wing  ;  4  c,  head ;  4  Ji,  hind  leg. 

Genus  4.  Batrachedra.  Fig.  5  a,  anterior  wing  of  Batrachedra 
prremujnsta  ;  5  b,  posterior  wing ;   5  c,  head. 

Genus  5.  Oiuophila.  Fig.  6  a,  anterior  wing  of  Oinopliila  V-Jlnva  ; 
6  b,  posterior  wing  ;   6  c,  head. 

Genus  6.  Chauliodus.  Fig.  7  a,  anterior  Aving  of  Chmdiodus  Chfe- 
rophyllellm ;  7  b,  posterior  wing;  7  c,  head;  7  V/,  anterior  wing 
of  Chauliodus  inseciirellus . 

Genus  7.  Laverna.  Fig.  8  a,  anterior  wing  of  Laverna  Staintoui ; 
8  b,  posterior  wing ;  8  'e,  head  of  Laverna  ladeella ;  8  "a,  an- 
terior wing  of  Laverna  Epilobiella ;  S"b,  posterior  wing;  8"'c, 
head  of  Laverna  ochraceella  ;  8  ""a,  anterior  wing  of  Laverna 
ntra  ;   %"" b,  posterior  wing. 

Genus  8.  Chrysoclista.  Fig.  9  a,  anterior  wing  of  Chrysodista 
Linneella ;  U  b,  posterior  wing  ;  9  c,  head  ;  9  'b,  posterior  wing  of 
Chrysoclista  Schrankella  ;  9  "  b,  posterior  wing  of  Chrysoclista  Jla- 
vicaput ;   9  "c,  head. 

Genus  9.  Heliodines.  Fig.  10  a,  anterior  wing  of  Ileliodines 
Roesella ;   \Q  b,  posterior  wing;   10  r,  head. 

(i  ION  us  10.  Anybia.  Fig.  11  a,  anterior  wing  oK  Anybia  lumjiella; 
\\  b,  posterior  wing  ;  11  c,  head. 


F.i:i'iiM>i>iKi{A  nxKiN  \ 


■-.-^.^iS' 


PLxVTE    VIII. 


Family  X.  ELACHISTID.E  {coHtinued). 

Genus  11 .  Asychna.     Pig.  1  a,  anterior  wing  of  AsycJaia  iiiodestellu  ; 

1  h,  posterior  wing ;   1  f,  head  ;    \'  a,  anterior  wing  of  AsycJtna 

CBraidla  ;  \' b,  posterior  wing  ;  Vc,  licad  ;   I'V,  head  of  Asychna 

teruiiiU'Ua. 
Genus  12.  Chrysocorys.     Fig.  2  a,  anterior  wing  of  Chrymcorys 

festallella ;  2  h,  posterior  wing  ;  2  c,  head. 

Genus  13.  Elachista.  Fig.  3  a,  anterior  wing  of  Elachlsta  ohcn- 
rella ;  3  b,  posterior  wing;  3  c,  head. 

Genus  14.  Tischeria.  Fig.  4  a,  anterior  wing  of  Tisc/uria  com- 
lAanella ;  4  b,  posterior  wing ;  4  r,  head  of  $  . 

Family  XL  LITIIOCOLLETID/E. 

Genus  1.  LithocoUetis.  Fig.  5  a,  anterior  wing  of  LithocoUetis 
MessanleUa  ;   5  b,  posterior  wing  ;   5  c,  head. 

Family  XII.  LYONETID^. 

Genus  1.  Lyonetia.  Fig.  6  «,  anterior  wing  of  Xyww^V/V?  C/p/r/iv/Z/w; 
6  b,  posterior  wing ;  6  c,  head  (front  view) ;  0  c ' ,  head  (side 
view). 

Genus  2.  Phyllocnistis.  Fig.  7  «,  anterior  wing  of  Fliylloamtis 
siiffusella ;   7  b,  posterior  wing ;   7  c,  head. 

Genus  3.  Cemiostoma.  Fig.  8  a,  anterior  wing  of  Ccinlodonia 
Labariiclla ;  8  b,  posterior  wing;  8  c,  head;  S'r/,  anterior  wing 
o'i  Ceiumtohiu  ^cltdlu  ;   8 'Zi,  posterior  wing;  8  '  f ,  head. 

Genus  4.  Opostega.  Fig.  9  a,  anterior  wing  of  Opodega  salaciella  ; 
9  b,  posterior  wing  ;   9  c,  head. 

Genus  5.  Bucculatrix.  Fig.  10  a,  anterior  wing  of  Bnccidatrii- 
Cratagi ;  \()  b,  posterior  wing;   10  c,  head. 

Family  XIII.  NEPTICULID.E. 

Genus  1.  Nepticula.  Fig.  11  a,  anterior  wing  of  Ncpticula  gra- 
timella ;  11  b,  posterior  wing;  11 'c,  head  of  Nepticula  aurdla  : 
11"«,  anterior  wing  oi  Nepticula  subbiviacnldla. 

Genus  2.  Trifurcula.  Fig.  12  a,  anterior  wing  of  Trifurcula  uu- 
mundella ;  12  /;,  [)ostcrior  wing;   12  c,  head. 


'.IMDol'IKRv     riNKlNA 


"^ 


PLATE    IX. 


Fig 

Fig. 

1. 

Exapate  gelatella. 

16. 

2. 

Ochsenheimeria  Birdella. 

17. 

3. 

Tinea  Lapella. 

18. 

i. 

Micropteryx  Salopiclla. 

19r 

5. 

Nemotois  Scabiosellus. 

20. 

6. 

Swammerdamia  Pyrella. 

21. 

7. 

Hypouomeuta  vigintipunctatus. 

23. 

8. 

Plutella  Ci-uciferarum. 

33. 

9. 

Cerostoma  Xylostella. 

24. 

10. 

Depressaria  Alstru3meriaiia. 

35. 

11. 

Gelechia  Malvella. 

26. 

12. 

Gelecliia  HerraanncUa. 

27. 

13. 

Soplironia  pareuthesella. 

28. 

14. 

CEcophora  grandis. 

29. 

15. 

Butalis  graiKlipeiiiiis. 

30. 

Glypliipteryx  equitella. 
Tiuagma  resplendelluni. 
Argyrestliia  nitidella. 
Gracilaria  Swcderella. 
Coleopliora  lineolea. 
Bedellia  somuulentella. 
Cosmopteryx  Lienigit'Ua. 
Laverna  propiriquella. 
Elacliista  gangabella. 
Elacliista  cerusella. 
Tischeria  marginea. 
Lithocolletis  sylvella. 
Litliocolletis  Stettinensis. 
Cemiostoma  scitella. 
Nepticula  sericopeza. 


Ll':rMi)OI>TKI^\     riNKINA 


IM  Ji 


/  ^^^y:^ 


"vV'Wm?.  liti.aa  Kit.. 


PLATE    X. 


iMg.  1,  larva  of  ChimnljaccJie  Far/ella  ,•  1  a,  united  birch-leaves,  showing 
the  larva  between  them. 

Fig.  2,  larva  of  a  Solenohia  (the  species  is  not  known,  no  males  having 
been  bred) ;  3  a,  the  cases  attached  to  lichen  on  a  fence ;  2  h,  the 
case,  much  magnified. 

Fig.  3,  larva  of  Ochsenheimeria  Birdella ;  3  a,  section  of  a  grass-stem, 
showing  the  larva  burrowing  down  the  centre. 

l*'ig.  4,  larva  of  Tinea  biselUeUa ;  4  a,  gallery  formed  by  the  larva  feed- 
ing among  feathers;  4'i,  case  of  Tinea  jidUonella  on  a  feather. 

Fig.  .5,  larva  of  Lampmnia  pralatella ;  5  a,  leaf  of  wild  strawberry- 
eaten  by  the  larva,  with  the  case  attached  to  the  under-side ;  5  b, 
the  case,  much  magnified. 

Fig.  6,  larva  of  Incurvaria  peclinea ;  6  a,  the  larva  in  its  case,  feeding 
on  a  fallen  oak-leaf. 

Fig.  7,  larva  of  L/cnrvaria  cajntella ;  7  a,  a  currant-shoot  withering 
from  the  efl:'ect  of  a  larva  of  Incurvaria  capitella  feeding  in  the 
stem. 

Fig.  8,  larva  of  Swammerdamia  pyrella ;  8  a,  the  larva  in  its  web,  be- 
tween united  cherry-leaves. 

Fig.  9,  larva  o{  Phiiella  porredella ;  9  a,  the  larva  feeding  on  a  leaf  of 
Hesperis  ■mafronalis. 

Fig.  10,  larva  of  Ortliotcdia  Sparganella ;  10  a,  stem  of  Sparganium, 
eaten  by  the  larva. 

Fig.  11,  larva  of  a  Depressaria,  which  feeds  on  Centairrea  vigra  (the 
species  is  not  known,  the  perfect  insect  not  having  been  bred) ; 
11  a,  leaf  of  Ceutaurea  nigra,  contorted  by  the  larva. 

Fig.  12,  larva  of  GelecJua  pernlgrella ;  12  c,  shoot  of  sallow  tenanted 

by  the  larva. 
F'ig.  13,  larva  of  Parasia  CarUnella ;    13  a,  section  of  seed-head  of 

Carlina  vidgaris,  showing  the  larva  feeding  below  the  seeds. 

Fig.  14,  larva  of  Q^cophora  unileUa ;  \\  a,  piece  of  decayed  wood  bur- 
rowed by  the  larva. 

Fig.  15,  larva  of  Glypldptergx  equiteUa ;  15  a,  shoots  of  Sedum  acre, 
the  middle  one  bleached  by  the  excavations  of  the  larva. 

Fig.  1 G,  larva  of  Argyrcsthia  nitidelhi ;  1  6  a,  shoots  of  hawthorn,  eaten 

by  the  larva. 
Fig.  1 7,  larva  of  Gracilaria  Swpderella;  11  a,  cone  on  an  oak-leaf,  formed 

by  the  larva. 
Fig.  1  8,  larva  of  Oniix  AngUcella ;   18  a,  cone  on  hawthorn-leaf,  formed 

by  the  larva. 

1  Continued. 


Fig.  19,  larva  of  ColeopJiom  troglodytella ;  19  «,  leaf  of  Euputorla 
cannabinuiii  mined  by  the  larva;   19  i,  case,  much  magnified. 

Fig.  20,  hirva  of  BedelUa  sommdentdla  ;  20  a,  leaf  of  Convolvulus  or- 
vensis  mined  by  the  larva. 

Fig.  21,  larva  of  ChauUodnjt  ClucropliylleUm ;  21  u,  piece  of  a  leaf  of 
Anthriscus  sylvestris  eaten  half  through  by  the  larva. 

Fig.  22,  larva  of  ChrysocUsta  L'mneella ;  22  n,  piece  of  irnier  bark  of 
the  lime-tree  burrowed  by  the  larva. 

Fig.  23,  larva  of  Elachista  cermella  ,•  23  a,  leaf  of  Ariindo  Phray mill's 
mined  by  the  larva. 

Fig  24,  larva  of  Tischer'ui  marginen ;  24  a,  bramble-leaf  mined  by  the 
larva. 

Fig.  25,  larva  of  LitJiocollelis  carpinicolella ;  25  a,  leaf  of  hornbeam 
mined  by  the  larva. 

Fig.  26,  larva  of  Cemiostoma  Lahnrnella ;  26  a,  mine  of  the  larva  in  a 
laburnum-leaf. 

Fig.  27,  adult  larva  of  Bucculatrix  Cratmjl ;  27  a,  hawthorn-leaf  t^atcu 
half  through  by  the  larva. 

Fig.  28,  larva  of  a  Neptictda,  which  feeds  on  Polentilla  fniyariaslniin 
(the  species  is  not  known,  the  perfect  insect  not  having  been  bred) ; 
28  a,  leaf  of  Potentilla  fragariastrum,  with  the  mine  of  the  larva. 


lEJMDOPTERA    TLVI'IIKA  I'l  10 


•is 


■'^■i 


<f^ 


^^- 


n^H 


*»ite^ 


JSi 


"^ 


i^{\        Oa, 


^ 


E?  ^f  C^ 


'  liti,  ad  -ML 


I  LIST  OF  WORKS 

{  PRINCIPALLY  ON   NATURAL  HISTORY,  I 

I  I 

i  puBi.isuET)  nv                                                      \ 

s 

j  LOVELL    REEVE, 

\  5,   HENRIETTA    STREET,   CO  VENT    GARDEN. 


BOTANY. 

PHYCOLOGIA  BllITANNlCA;  or,  History  of  the  Britisli  Sea- 
weeds ;  eontaiuiiig  coloured  figures,  and  descriptions,  of  all 
the  species  of  Algsie  inhabiting  the  shores  of  the  ]?ritish 
Islands.  By  Professsor  Harvey,  M.D.,  M.H.I. A.,  Keeper 
of  the  Herbarium  of  the  University  of  Hublin,  and  Professor 
of  Botany  to  the  Dublin  Society.  The  price  of  the  work, 
complete,  strongly  bound  in  cloth,  is  as  follows : — 

In  three  vols,  royal  8vo,  aiTanged  in   the" 


t7    1 ' 
order  of  publication.  '^ 

Tn  four  vols,  royal  8vo,  arranged  systema- 1^  r,n    i«   .. 


'"-} 


\  tically  according  to  the  Synopsis  . 

I  A  few  Copies  have  been  printed  on  Inrfje  'paper. 

\  "The   'History  of  Hi-itish  Soa-wcods '  wc  can   most  faithfully  rocommend  for 

'  its  scientific,  its  pictorial,  and  its  popular  value  ;   the  professed  bot.anist  will  find 

\  it  a  work  of  the  hiarhcst  character,  whilst  those  who  desire  merely  to  know  the 

I  names  and  history  of  the  lovely  plants   which   tlicy  gather  on  the  sea-shore,  will 

•  find  in  it  the  faithful  portraiture  of  every  one  of  them." — Annalu  and  Maf/a:ine 
of  Natural  lit  story . 

"The  (Iravvings  are  beautifully  executed  by  the  author  himself  on  stone,  the 

;  dissections  carefully  prepared,  and  the  whole  account  of  the  species  drawn  up  in 

5  such  a  way  as  cannot  faO  to  be  instructive,  even  to  those  who  an^  well  acquainted 

\  with  the  subject.     The  greater  part  of  onr  more  common  Algce  have  never  been 

-;  illustrated  in  a  manner  agreeable  to  the  present  state  of  Algology." —  Gardeners 

\  Chronicle. 

\  NEREIS    AUSTRALIS  ;    or.  Illustrations  of    the  Algiu  of  the 

\  Southern  Ocean.      By  Professor  Harvey,  M.D.,    M.ll.I.A. 

':  To  be  completed  in  Four  Parts,  each  containing  twenty-five 

\  plates,  imp.  8vo.     Price  1/.  Iv.  coloured.      Parts   I.   and   II. 

\  recently  published, 

•■  "Of  this  most  important  contribution  to  onr  knowledge  of  exotic  Algie,  we 

\  know  not  if  we  can  pay  it  a  higher  compliment  than  by  saying  it  is  worthy  of  tlie 


WORKS   PUBLISHED   BY 


^    author.   It  should  be  observed  that  the  work  is  uot  a  selection  of  certain  species,  ^ 

'    but  au  arranged  system  of  all  that  is  known  of  Australian  Algpc,  accompanied  by  •, 

figui'es  of  the  new  and  i-are  ones,  especially  of  those  most  remarkable  for  beauty  ^ 

;    of  form  and  colour." — London  Journal  of  Botany.  \ 

\  THE  lUIODODENDEONS  OF  SIKKIM-HIMALAYA.     With  \ 

]  (Iravviaigs    and   descriptions    made    on   the   spot.      By    J.   D.  \ 

I  Hooker,    M.l).,   E.ll.S.      Edited   by  Sir  W.  J.    Hooker,  \ 

\  D.C.L.,  F.K.S.     In  handsome  imperial  folio,  with  thirty  plates.  ^ 

'<  Price  3/.  16s.  coloured.  \ 

\  "  In  this  work  we  have  the  first  results  of  Dr.  Hooker's  botanical  mission  \ 

\  to  India.     The  announcement  is  calculated  to  startle  some  of  our  readers  when  s 

<  they  know  that  it  was  only  last  Januai-y  twelvemonths  that  the  Doctor  arrived  \ 
'.  in  Calcutta.  That  he  should  have  ascended  the  Himalaya,  discovered  a  num-  ? 
f  her  of  plants,  and  that  they  shonld  be  published  iii  England  in  an  almost  '•. 
5  UNEauALLED  STYLE  OF  sfAGNiFicENT  Ti.LUSTKATioN,  iu  less  than  eighteen  ^ 
'  months — is  one  of  the  marvels  of  our  time." — Atlienmim.  i 
<:  "  A  most  beautiful  example  of  fine  drawing  and  skilful  colouring,  while  the  - 
'i  letter-press  funiished  by  the  talented  author  possesses  very  high  interest.  Of  > 
'  the  species  of  lihododendron  which  he  has  found  in  his  adventurous  journey,  \ 
\  some  are  quite  unrivalled  in  magnificence  of  appearance." — Gardeners'  Chronicle.  \ 

\  ; 

\  POPULAR  ECONOMIC  BOTANY ;  or,  Description  of  the  Bo- 
\  tanical  and  Commercial  Characters  of  the  I*rincipal  Articles  of  | 

<  Vegetable  Origin,  used  for  Food,  Clothing,  Tanning,  Dyeing, 
\  Building,    Medicine,    Perfumery,   etc.       Illustrated    from   the 

Liverpool   ('ol lection   of    the   Great   Exhibition.      By  T.   C. 
\  AuciiER,  Collector  of  Economic  Botany  to  the  New  Crystal 

J  Palace.     Royal  IGmo,  with  twenty  plates  of  figures.     Price 

;  10s.  6c/.  coloured.  < 

i        "  Mr.  Archer's  volume,  we  are  surprised  to  find,  is  the  first  popular  book  ^ 

]  that  has  been  devoted  exclusively  to  the  commercial  products  of  the  Vegetable  ', 

<  Kingdom — of  that  which  constitutes  nine-twelfths  of  the  whole  commerce  in  ; 
)  raw  produce  giving  employment  to  our  vast  mercantile  marine.  .  .  .  We  can  > 

<  heartily  recommend  this  most  useful  and  entertaining  little  book." — Examiner.  > 
i  "  Every  production  of  the  vegetable  world  which  tends  to  the  use,  the  com-  > 
5  fort,  or  the  luxury  of  numkind,  is  noticed  in  its  pages.  .  .  .  The  illustrated  figures  > 
5  of  the  principal  among  them  have  been  executed  in  a  style  hitherto  only  to  be  ^ 
^  found  in  th(^  most  costly  works  of  descriptive  Vioi&wy."— Leicestershire  Mercury,  l 
>,  "  Practically  and  scientifically  (jualilied  for  his  task,  Mr.  Archer  has  succeeded  : 
?  in  giving  his  information  with  clearness  and  conciseness,  so  vital  to  the  success  < 
\  of  every  popular  manual." — Britannia.  \ 


POPULAR  HISTORY  OF  BRITISH  SEA-WEEDS,  comprising 
aU  the  Marine  Plants.  By  the  Rev.  David  Landsuouougii, 
A.Jj.S.j  Member  of  the  Werneriari  Society  of  Edinburgh. 
Second  Edlllon.  With  twcnty-tw(j  plates  by  Fitch.  Royal 
16mo.  Price  lO.v.  6c/.  coloured. 
"  A  work  of  nimdi  general  interest.     The  descriptions  are  scientific  as  well  as 

popular,  and  tiie  pl;itcs  arc  clear  and  explicit.    Not  only  the  forms,  hut  the  uses  of 


LOVELL    REEVF-,   HENRIETTA   STREET. 


Algsc,  arc  minutely  doscribcd.     It  is  a  worthy  sea-side  compamon — a  hand-  \ 

book  for  every  occasional  or  pcrinancTit  resident  on  the  sea-shore." — Economist.  \ 

"Those  who   wish    to   make  themselves  aeciuainted  with   Hritish    Sea-weeds,  5 

cannot  do  better  than  bej^iu  with  this  elegantly  illustrated  manual." — Globe.  \ 

"This  elegant  work,  though  intended  for  beginners,  is  well  worthy  the  perusal  \ 

of  those  advanced  in  the  science." — Moriiipg  llernld.  ] 

POPULAR   HISTOEY   OP   BUITISII   FERNS,  comprisino-  all  \ 

the  Species.    By  Thom.\s  Moore,  F.L.S.   Willi  twenty  plates  \ 

by  Pitch.     Royal  16ino.     Price  lOv.  60'.  coloured.  \ 

"  Mr.  Moore's  '  Popular  History  of  British  Ferns'  forms  one  of  the  numerous  \ 

elegant  and  instructive  books  by  which  Messi-s.  Reeve  and  Co.  have  endeavoured  | 

to  popularize  the  study  of  Natural   History.     In   the  volume  before  as,   ]\Ir.  ' 

Moore  gives  a  clear  account  of  the  British  i'erns,  with  directions  for  their  cul-  / 

tivatiou  ;  accompanied  by  numerous  coloured  plates  neatly  illustrated,  and  pre-  \ 

ceded  by  a  general  introduction  on  the  natural  character  of  this  graceful  class  of  > 

plants." — Spectator.  ;. 

"  A\  e  have  rarely  seen  a  publicatiou  relating  to  plants  where  the  object  aimed  > 

at  is  more  fully  accomplished  than  in  this  elegant  volume." — Hooker's  Journal.  ^ 

"A  prettily  got-up  book,  and  tit  for  a  di'awing-room  table." — T/ie  Friend.  ! 

"Twenty  elegant  coloured  plates  give  figures  of  nearly  all  our  choicest  Bri-  > 

lish  Ferns,  accompanied  by  a  description  in  an  ea.sy  and  interesting  style:  besides  \ 

which,  the  scientific  classification  and  nomenclature  is  given  for  the  benelit  of  th(!  ; 

more  advanced  student." — Liverpool  Standard.  ) 

POPULAR  FIELD  BOTANY;    containing  a  familiar  and  tech-  j 

nical   description   of  the  plants   most  common  to  the  British  \ 

Isles,  adapted  to  the  study  of  either  the  Artificial  or  Natural  \ 

Systems.     By  Agnes    Catlow.     Third  Edition.     Arranged  \ 

in  twelve   chapters,  each  l)cing  the  I^otanical  lesson  for  the  | 

month.     With  twenty  plates  of  figures.      Iloya!  16mo.     Price  \ 

10$.  ()d.  coloured.  \ 


"  The  design  of  this  work  is  to  furnish  yo\u)g  persons  with  a  Self-instructor  in 
Botany,  enabling  them  with  little  dilliculty  to  discover  the  scientific  names  of  the 
common  plants  they  may  find  in  their  country  rambles,  fo  which  arc  appended  a 
few  facts  respecting  their  uses,  habits,  i^c.  The  plants  ai'c  classed  in  months,  the 
illustrations  are  nicely  colourwl,  and  the  book  is  altogether  an  elegant,  as  well  as 
useful  present." —  Illustrated  London  Neics. 

{Under  the  Aullioril;/  of  the  Lords  fommissioners  of  the  Admiraltij.) 

FLORA  ANTARCTICA;  or,  Botany  of  the  Antarctic  Voyage  of 
H.M.  Discovery  Ships  Erelms  and  Terror,  during  tlie  years 
1839-1 843,  under  the  command  of  Capt.  Sir  James  Clark- 
Ross,  R.N.,  F.R.S.  By  .1.  D.  Hookt.r,  M.D.,  F.R.S.,  fee, 
Botanist  to  the  Expedition.  In  two  vols.  Royal  4to,  cloth, 
containing  two  hundred  plates.  Price  10/.  \v)s.  colouied; 
11.  \()s.  plain. 
*^*  The.  Crypt ogaiuic  ])ortion  of  this  work  may   be  had  sepa- 


WORKS   PUBLISHED   BY 


>  rately,  in  one  volume,  royal  4to,  with  seventy-four  plates.     Price  > 

I  4<l.  45.  coloured;  21.  I?*,  plain.  < 

(,        "The  (lescriptioiis  of  tlie  plants  in  this  work  are  carefully  drawn  up,  and  much  ; 

^  interesting   matter,    critical,   explanatory,  and  historical,  is  added  in  the  form  > 

<  of  notes.  The  drawinjrs  of  the  plants  are  admirably  executed  by  Mr.  Fitcli ;  < 
j  and  we  know  of  no  productions  from  his  pencil,  or,  in  fact,  any  botanical  illus-  ^ 
^  ti'ations  at  all,  that  are  superior  ni  faithful  representation  and  botanical  correct-  ■" 

<  ness." — Athenceiim . 


<.  (Under  the  AuthorUij  of  the  Lords  Commissioners  of  the  Admiralty.) 

\  FLORA  OF  NEW  ZEALAND.      By  Dr.  J.  D.  Hookeu,  F.R.S. 
\  Published    in   Parts,  each   containing  Twenty  Plates.     Price 

\  31«.  Be/,  colonred ;   21.v.  plain.  \ 

\        "  When  completed,  this  will  be  the  most  important  work  that  has  yet  appeared  J 

1;  in  illustration  of  the  ve.iietation  of  the  British  Australian  possessions.  .  .  .  Let  ? 

'■',  us  add,  that  the  beautiful  execution  of  the  work  renders  it  a  '  library -book,'  even  s 

>  to  those  who  are  not  interested  about  natural  history." — Gardeners'  Chronicle.  .; 

\   CURTIS'S  BOTANICAL  MAGAZINE  (commenced  in  1786);   \ 
i  Continued  by  Sir  W.  J.  Hookeu,  F.R.S. ,  D.C.L.,  &c.,  Director  \ 

\  of  the  Royal  CJardens  of  Kew. 

\        *^*  Published  in  monthly  nnmbers,  each  containing  six  plates,    I 
\   price  '6s.  (k7.  coloured  ;  and  in  annual  volumes,  price  42*.  \ 

\   HOOKER'S  JOURNAL  OF  BOTANY  and  KEW   GARDENS  \ 

]  MiscKLLANY.    Edited  by  Sir  W.  J.  Hookeu,  D.C.L.,  F.R.S.,  \ 

'  Director  of  the  Royal  Gardens,  Kew. 

(,        This    Botanical    Journal,    in    addition    to    original    papers    by 

^   Eminent  Botanists,   contains  the  Botanical  News  of  the  mouth,  ; 

''.   Communications    from    Botanical     Travellers,    Notices    of    New  ; 

\   Books,  &c.  I 

\  *,^*   hi  monthly  numbers,  u  ith  a  plate,  price  2s.  \ 

\  THE  LONDON  JOURNAL  OF  i^OTANY.     Edited  by  Sir  W.  \ 
\  J.  Hooker,  D.C.L.,  F.R.S.,  etc     Vol.  VIL,  completing  the   \ 

\  series.     8vo,  with  twenty-three  j)lates.     Price  3()«.  plain.  \ 

\   ICONES    PLANTARUM;    or.    Figures,    with    brief  descriptive   \ 
\  characters    and    remarks,    of    nciw    arul    rare    Plants.      8vo.    ^ 

\  New  Series.  Vol.  V.   With  two  hundred  plates.   31s.  6c/.  plain.    \ 

\  ILLUSTRATIONS    OF    BRITISH    MYCOLOGY;    containing  \ 

\  I'igurcs    and   Descriptions  of  the  Funguses  of   interest  and  i 

\  nov(!lty  indigenous  to  Britain.  First  Scries.    By  Mrs.  Hussey.  •. 

\  4to,    cloth    gilt,    with    ninety    beautifully    drawings.       Price  ; 

7/.  12s.  M.  coloured.  '  "  \ 

\  "  This  talented  lady  and  her  sister  were  ill  the  lirst  instance  induced  to  draw  ; 

\  some  of  the  more  striking  Fungi,  merely  as  picturesque  objects.    Their  collection  ; 


LOVELL   REEVE,    HENRIETTA   STREET.  5   I 


of  drawiugs  at  length  became  important  from  tlieir  number  and  accuracy,  and 
;  a  long  continued  study  of  the  nutritive  properties  of  Fungi  lias  induced  the 
;  former  to  lay  the  results  of  her  investigations  before  the  jjublic,  under  the 
\  fonu  of  illustrations  of  the  more  useful  aud  interesting  s])ecies.  Tlie  ligures 
;  are  so  faitliful  that  there  can  be  no  dililculty  in  at  once  determining  with 
f  certainty  the  olijccts  they  are  intended  to  represent;  and  the  observations  will 
;  be  found  of  much  interest  to  the  general  reader." — Gardeners'  Chronicle. 
^        "This  is  an  elegant   and  interesting  book :  it  would  be  an  ornnmeut  to  the 

■',    drawing-room  table;  but  it  nmst  not,  therefore,  be  supposed  that  the  value  of  \ 

;':    the  work  is  not  intrinsic,  for  a  great  deal  of  new  and  valuable  matter  acconipaiiics  > 

■:    the  plates,  which  arc  not  fancy  sketches,  but  so  individualized  and  life-like,  that  ; 

.;    to  mistake  any  species  seems  im])ossiblc.     The  accessories  of  each  arc  significant  \ 

;    of  site,  soil,  aud  season  of  growth,  so  that  the  botanist  may  study  with  advantage  ; 

■  what  the  artist  may  inspect  with  admiration." — Morning  Post.  ] 

I   ILLUSTRATIONS    OF    BKITISII    jMYCOLOGY;    containing  \ 

;            Figures   and  Descriptions  of  the  Funguses   of  interest  and  \ 

■  novelty  indigenous  to  Britain.  Second  Series.  By  Mrs.  Hussey.  i 
Publisliing  in  Monthly  Parts,  coloured  drawings,  price  Bs.  '> 

,   VOICES  FR0:\I   THE   WOODLANDS;    or,  History  of  Forest  j 

I            Trees,   Lichens,   Mosses,   and  Ferns.      By  Mai{y  IIoberts.  \ 

I            Elegantly    bound.       With   twenty  Plates  of  Forest  Scenery,  I 

\            by  Fitch.    Royal  16mo.     Price  10s.  Gel.  coloured.  '" 

\        "This  work  includes  a  wide  range  of  genera,  from  the  lichen  to  the  oak,  and  , 

^    by  way  of  giving  variety  to  a  subject  so  commonj)lace,  the  several  plants  are  sup-  ; 

\    posed  to  tell  their  own  stories,  and  describe  their  own  family  peculiarities." — Atlas.  ' 

^        "  The  fair  authoress  of  this   jjretty  vohune  has  shown   more  than  the  usual  ' 
^    good  taste  of  her  sex   in  the  selection  of  her  mode  of  conveying  to  the  young 
I    interesting  instruction  upon  pleasing  topics.     She  bids  them  join    in   a   ramble 

'    through  the  sylvan  wilds,  and  at  her  command  the  fragile  lichen,  tlie  giiarUd  oak,  ' 

the  towering  beech,  the  graceful  chestnut,   aud   the   waving  [xipl.ir  discourse  elo-  j 

/    quently,  aud  tell  their  respective  histories  and  uses.' — Britannia.  > 

■  ? 

J  THE  VICTOKTA  KEGIA.    V>y  Sir  W.  L  Hook  eh,  F.K.S.,  D.C.L.  > 

\            In  elephant  folio.     Jllnstratcd   on  a  large  .'^calc  l)y  \V.  Fitch.  \ 

]            Bed  need  to  21«.                                                              "  \ 

The  work  on  the  lloyal  Water  Lily  contains  four  plates  of  very  ^ 

■  large  size,  expensis  ely  coloured,  illustrative  of  the  dillerent  stages  of  \ 
;  flowering  and  fruiting,  with  analyses  of  structure,  as  follows: —  ? 
/  1.  A  view  of  tlie  entire  plant,  flower,  fruit,  and  leaves,  on  the  ' 
J                 water.  ; 

2.  A  flower  of  tlie  natural  size  in  progress  of  expanding,  together  i 

with  as  much  of  the  enormous  foliage  as  the  broad  dinien-  | 

sions  of  the  paper  will  admit.  i 

3.  A  fully  expanded  llowc'r  of  the  vnlimil  nize,  with  foliage,  Jee.  \ 

4.  A  vertical  section  of  the  fully  developed  tlowcr,  with   various  \ 
:  '             dissections  and  analyses.  ; 

"  .\lthough  many  works  have  been  devoted  to  the  illustration  and  description  \ 


PARKS  AND  PLEASURE-GROUNDS;  or,  Practical  Notes  on 
Country  Residences,  Villas,  Public  Parks,  and  Gardens.     By 
Charles  H.  J.  Smitu,  Landscape  Gardener.      Crown  Svo. 
Price  6s. 
CoNTiiNTS: — The  House  ami  Offices — The  Approach — Pleasure   Grounds    and 
Flower  Gardens — The  Park  — Ornanieutal  Character  of  Trees  detached  and 
in  combination  —  Planting — Fences  of  the  Park  and  Pleasure  Grounds — 
Water — The  Kitchen,  Fruit,  and  Forcing  Gardens — Public  Parks  aud  Gar- 
dens—The  Vilhi — The   Laying-out   and   Improvement  of    Grounds. — The 
Arboretum — The  Piuetum. 
"  Air.  Smitli  expresses  himself  witli  frankness  as  well  as  precision,  and  with 
such  an  evident  reliance  on  (he  sympathy  of  his  readers,  as  to  make  him  a  favou- 
rite with  those  who  are  familiar  with  his  pages.     In  short,  his  book  is  what  was 


6                                     WORKS   PUBLISHED   BY  \ 

___^___ } 

of  the  Victoria  regia,  it  seemed  still  to  want  one  which,  whilst  it  gave  an  accu-  ' 
rate  botanical  description  of  the  ])lant,  should  at  the  same  time  show  the  natural 
size  of  its  gigantic  flowers.  This  object  has  l)eeu  aimed  at  by  the  combined  la- 
bours of  Sir  W.  Hooker  and  Mr.  Fitch,  aud  with  distinguisiied  success.  The 
illustrations  are  everything  that  could  be  desired  in  the  shape  of  botanical 
di'awiugs.     They  are  accurate,  and  they  are  beautiful." — Athenceuin. 

A  CENTURY  OF  ORCHIDACEOUS  PLANTS,  selected  from  i 

those  most  worthy  of  cultivation  tigured  in  Curtis's  Botanical  : 

Magazine,    with    coloured    figures    and     dissections,    chiefly  ^ 

executed  by  Mr.  Fitch  ;  the  descriptions  (entirely  re-written)  x 

by  SirW.  J,  Hooker,  F\R.S.,  D.C.L.     With  an  introduction  ,' 

on  the  cidture  of  Orchidacese  generally,  and  on  the  treatment  ^ 

of  each  genus;  by  J.  C.  Lyons,  Esq.     lioyal  -ito,  containing  \ 

one  hundred  plates.     Price  Jloe  Guineas,  coloured.  \ 

"  In  the  exquisite  illustrations  to  this  splendid  volume  fidl  justice  has  been  < 

rendered  to  the  oddly  formed  and  often  brilliantly  coloured  flowers  of  this  curious  \ 

and  interesting  tribe  of  plants." —  West  minster  and  Forrigii  Qnartertij  Review.  \ 

"  A  very  acceptable  addition  to  om-  knowledge  of  the  Orchis  tribe.    The  plates  \ 

are  beautifidly  executed,  aud  have  been  selected  with  great  care.     Each  S2)ecies  < 

has  a  brief  character  attached,  and  to  each  genus  botanical  aud  practical  observa-  < 

tions,  from  the  pen  of  Sir  William  Hooker,  are  prefixed.     Tlie  work  is  enriched  ^ 

with  a  prefatory  memoir  by  Mr.  Lyons,  full  of  sound  judgment  and  experience,  ^ 

on  the  most  approved  method  of  growing  Orchids."- — Literary  Gazette.  \ 

THE  ESCULENT  FUNGUSES  OF  ENGLAND ;  a  treatise  ou  | 

their  History,  Uses,   Structure,   Nutritious  Properties,  Mode  \ 

of  Cooking,    Preserving,   &c.      By   the    Rev.  Dr.   Badham.  'i 

Super-royal  Svo,  with  twenty-one  plates.    Price  21*.  coloured.  > 

"  There  is  no  reason  why  we  should  eschew  frogs  and  relish  turtle ;  still  less  is  \ 

there  for  our  eating  one  or  two  of  the  numerous  edible  funguses  which  our  island  \ 

produces,  and  coiulenuiing  all  the  rest.     To  draw  attention  to  this  fact,  and  to  \ 

suj)ply  an  accurate  account,  with  a  correct  delineation,  of  the  esculent  species  of  \ 

this  I'aniily  iu  Great  Britain,  are  the  objects  of  the  book  before  us.     Such  a  work  > 

was  a  desideratum  in  this  country." — At/ieihrmn.  s 


LOVELL   REEVE,   HENRIETTA   STREET.  ' 

really  wanted  in  these  busy  times  to  bring  tlie  elcgaut  in  country  residences 
abreast  of  the  useful." — North  British  Agriculturist. 

"In  deseribing  the  charaeters  and  requirements  of  tlie  various  drseriptions  of 
ornamental  grounds,  Mr.  Smith  lias  happily  ehosen  language;  so  ])lain,  and  rules 
so  simple,  tiiat  he  leaves  notiiiug  to  be  wished  for." — Liri'rpool  Stuiulard. 

"  The  author  gives  the  result  of  some  twenty  years'  study  and  observation  in 
a  methodical  form  and  practical  style." — Aljcrdenii  Journal. 

"Mr.  Smith,  who  is  a  landscape-gardener  and  garden-architect  of  great  expe- 
rience, has  worked  out  liis  design  with  ability  and  judgment." — Glolic. 

"  The  character  of  tliis  publication  is  altogether  practical,  from  tiie  opening 
hints  upon  tlie  house  and  ollices,  to  the  closing  directions  about  the  arboretum 
and  the  \^\\wUm\"— Spectator. 

"  Mr.  Smith  is  an  experienced  landscape-gardener,  and  a  man  of  much  good 
sense.    His  opinions  are  therefore  entitled  to  attention." — Gardeners'  i'liroiiiclc. 

SANDEUS'S  PK.\CTTCAL  TREATISE  ON  THE  CULTURK 
OF  THE  VINE,  as  well  under  Glass  as  in  the  Open  Air. 
With  plates.  8vo.  Price  55.  pkun. 
"  Mr.  Asshetoii  Smith's  place  at  Tedworth  has  long  possessed  a  great  English 
reputation  for  the  excellence  of  its  fruit  and  vegetables :  one  is  continually  hear- 
ing iu  society  of  the  extraordinary  abundance  and  perfection  of  its  produce  at 
seasons  when  common  gardens  are  emjity,  and  the  great  world  seems  to  have 
arrived  at  the  conclusion  that  the  kitchen  gardening  and  forcing  there  are 
nowhere  excelled.  We  have,  therefore,  examined  with  no  con.nion  interest  the 
work  before  us,  for  it  will  be  strange  indeed,  if  a  man  who  can  act  so  skillully  as 
Mr.  Sanders  shoidd  be  unable  to  offer  advice  of  eorrespoudiiig  value.  We  have 
not  been  disappointed.  Mr.  Sanders's  directions  are  as  plain  as  words  can  make 
them ;  and,  we  will  add,  as  judicious  as  his  long  experience  had  led  us  to  expect. 
After  a  careful  perusal  of  his  little  treatise,  we  lind  nothing  to  object  to,  and 
much  to  j'raise." — Gardeners''  Clironicle. 

"A  clever,  well-written,  and  nicely  illustrated  horticultural  jiamphlet,  telling 
us  all  we  want  to  know  on  the  subject." — Guardian. 

{Udder  the  Authorili/  of  the  Lords  CommissioHcrs  nf  the  Adiniraltif.) 

BOTANY  OF  THE  VOYAGE  OF  H.M.S.  HERALD,  under  the 
command  of  Captain  H.  Kiollett,  R.N.,  C.Ji.  i>y  Brktiiold 
Seem.\nn,  Member  of  tlic  lm})erial  Academy  Nat.  Curiosorum. 
To  be  completed  in  Ten  Parts.     Plates.    Ito.    Price  lOs.  ])laiii. 

THE  TOURIST'S  ELORA.  A  Descriptive  Cataloo-.ic  of  llie 
Elowering  Phmts  and  Ferns  of  the  British  Islands,  France, 
Germany,  Switzerland,  and  Italy.  Bv  Joseph  Woods, 
F.L.S.,  F.G.S.     8vo.     Price  18*.  * 

"  The  appearance  of  this  book  has  been  long  expected  by  us  ;  and  wc  can  justly 
state  that  it  has  quite  fulfilled  all  our  expectations,  and  will  support  tlie  high  re- 
putation of  its  author.  Mr.  AVoods  is  known  to  iiavc  sjient  many  years  in  collect- 
ing and  arranging  the  materials  for  the  present  work,  with  a  view  to  which  he 
has,  we  believe,  visited  all  the  most  interesting  localities  mentioned  in  it.  This 
amount  of  labour,  combined  with  extensive  botanical  knowledge,  has  enabled  him 
to  produce  a  volume  such  as  few,  if  any  other,  botanists  were  capable  of  writing." 
— Annals  of  Natural  Uistorij. 


WORKS  PUBLISHED  BY 


ZOOLOGY. 

{Under  the  Authority/  of  the  Lords  Commissioners  of  the  Admiralty.) 

ZOOLOGY  OF  THE  VOYAGE  OF  H.M.S.  SAMAEANG. 
Edited  by  Akthur  Adams,  F.L.S.,  Assistant-Surgeon,  E.N., 
attaclied  to  the  Expedition. 

VERTEBRA.TA.  By  JoHN  Edward  Gray,  F.E.S.,  Keeper  of  the 
Zoological  Department  of  the  British  Museum.  One  Part. 
Price  10s.  &d. 

Fishes.   By  Sir  John  Eichardson,  M.D.,  F.E.S.     One  Part. 

Price  lOs.  Qd. 
MoLLUSCA.    By  the  Editor  and  Lovell  Eeeve,  F.L.S.,  F.G.S. 

Including  the  anatomy  of  the  Sptrida,  by  Prof.  Owen,  F.E.S. 

Three  Parts.     Price  11.  lis.  6d. 

Crustacea.  By  the  Editor  and  Adam  White,  F.L.S.  Two 
Parts.     Price  1  8s.  Qd. 

*^*  Complete  in  one  handsome  royal  4to  volume,  containing  55 
plates.     Price,  strongly  bound  in  cloth,  3/.  10s. 

POPULAE  HISTOEY  OF  MAMMALIA.  By  Adam  White, 
F.L.S.,  Assistant  in  the  Zoological  Department  of  the  British 
Museum.  Witli  sixteen  Plates  of  Ouadnipeds,  &c.  By  B. 
W.  Hawkins,  F.L.S.     Eoyal  16mo.   Price  10s.  6f^.^*coloured. 

"The  present  increase  of  our  stores  of  anecdotal  matter  respecting  every  kind 
of  animal  lias  been  used  with  much  tact  by  Mr.  Wliite,  who  has  a  terse  chatty 
way  of  putting  down  his  reflections,  mingled  with  that  easy  familiarity  which 
every  one  accustomed  daily  to  zoological  pursuits  is  sure  to  attain.  The  book  is 
profusely  ill ustrated . ' '  — Atlas. 

"No  book  can  better  answer  its  purpose:  the  descriptions  are  as  bright  as 
the  pictures,  and  the  kind-hearted  playfiilness  of  the  style  will  make  it  an  espe- 
cial favourite;  unlike  most  popular  manuals,  it  is  the  product  of  iirst-rate 
science." — Freshijterian  Messenyer. 

POPULAE  HISTOEY  OF  MOLLUSCA;  or,  Shells  and  their 
Animal  Inhabitants.  By  Mary  Eoberts.  With  eighteen 
plates  by  Wing.     Eoyal  Ifimo.     Price  lOs.  6</.  coloured. 

"  This  volume  forms  another  of  the  excellent  series  of  illustrated  works  on 
various  dcpartmeuts  of  Natural   History,   for  which  the  public  is  indebted  to 

iMr.   Reeve When  we  add,  that  the  plates  contain  \w  fewer  than  ninety 

figures  of  shells,   witli   their  animal  inhabilauts,   all  of  them  well,  and  several 
admirably,  exi ciited,  and  that  (he  text  is  written  thronghont  in  a  readable  and  even 


\  LOVELL    REEVE,    UK.VHIET'IW    STREET. 


elegant  style,  mth  such  digressions  in  poetry  and  prose  as  serve  to  relieve  its 
scientific  details,  we  think  that  we  have  said  enongh  to  justify  the  favourable 
opinion  we  have  expressed." — British  and  Foreign  Medico-C/iinmpcal  liemeio. 

"To  the  lovers  of  Couchology  this  volume  canuot  fail  to  prove  a  most  accc])- 
table  winter  oft'ering.  It  gives  a  most  eoniprchcnsivc  account  of  tlu:  whole 
testaceous  family — from  the  poetic  nautilus  to  the  prosaic  oyster ;  from  the 
trumpet  of  the  fabled  'i'ritou  to  the  snail  with  which  the  younger  Pliny  used  to 
regale  his  luxurious  guests." — Globe. 

"  We  expected  to  fiud  a  useful  and  entertaiuing  volume.     We  have  not  bceu 

disappointed The  work  is  illustrated  with  eighteen  plates,  beautifully 

eoloui'cd,  in  most  instances  affording  a  view  of  the  structiux  of  the  animal." — 
Athetiaum. 

POPULAR  BRITISH  ORNITHOLOGY;   comprising  a  familiar 

and  technical  description   of  the  Birds  of  the  British  Isles. 

By  P.  H.  GossE.    Stcorul  Edition.     In  twelve  chapters,  each 

beino;  the  Ornithological  lesson  for  the  month.     With  twenty 

plates  of  figm-es.     Royal  16mo.     Price  10s.  (Sd.  coloured. 

"  To  render  the  subject  of  ornithology  clear,  and  its  study  attractive,  has  been  the 

great  aim  of  the  author  of  this  beautiful  little  volume.  ...  It  is  embellished  by 

upwards  of  70  figures  of  Britisli  birds  beautifully  coloured." — Morning  Herald. 

"We  can  answer  for  this  compact  and  elegant  little  volume  being  beautifully  ^ 
got  up,  and  written  in  a  manner  likely  to  attract  the  interest  of  the  youthful  X 
student." — Globe.  > 

POPULAR  SCRIPTURE  ZOOLOGY;  or,  History  of  the  Animals  \ 
mentioned  in  the  Bible.  By  Maria  E.  CJatlow.  With  Six-  \ 
teen  Plates.     Royal  16mo.     Price  10s.  6(/.  colonred.  \ 

"It  contains  a  short  and  clear  account  of  the  animals  mentioned  in  the  Bible,  ^ 
classed  according  to  their  genera,  and  illustrated  by  a  nmnbcr  of  well-executed  ;; 
and  characteristic  coloured  phites.  It  is  a  seasonable  addition  to  a  very  nice  set  \ 
of  books." — Guardian.  ^ 

"  Miss  Callow's  abilities  as  a  naturali.st,  and  her  tact  in  popularizing  any  sub- 
ject she  undertakes,  are  too  well  known  to  need  reiteration  ou  this  occasion." — 
Notes  and  Queries. 

"  It  is  a  pleasant  mixture  of  popular  and  scientific  matter.  .  .  .  The  book  is 
illustrated  by  characteristic  coloured  plates." — Hiiectator. 

POPULAR  BRITISH  ENTOMOLOGY,  comprising  a  familiar 
and  technical  description  of  the  Insects  most  common  to  the 
British  Isles.  By  Maria  E.  Catlow.  Second  Edition.  In 
twelve  chapters,  each  being  the  Entomological  lesson  for  the 
month.    With  sixteen  plates.  Royal  Ifimo.    10s.  G^?.  colonred. 

"Judiciously  executed,  with  exceUeut  figures  of  the  commoner  species,  for  the 
use  of  young  beginners." — Address  of  the  President  of  the  Entomological  Society. 

"  Miss  (Jatlow's  '  Popular  Britisli  iMitoniology'  contains  an  introductory  chapter 
or  tw(j  on  classification,  whicli  arc;  followed  by  brief  generic  and  s])ccitic  dcscrip- 
tions  in  Knglisli  of  above  200  of  the  commoner  British  species,  together  with 
accurate  figures  of  about  70  of  those  described ;  and  will  be  quite  a  treasure  to 
anyone  just  commencing  tlu:  study  of  this  fascinating  science." — Westminster 
and  Foreign  Quarterly  Reriem. 


10 


WORKS    PUBLISHED   BY 


CONCHOLOGIA  ICONICA  ;  or,  Figures  and  Descriptions  of  the 

,     Shells   of  Molluscous  Animals,  with  critical  remarks  on  their 

synonyms,   affinities,   and  circumstances  of    habitation.      By 

LovELL  Reeve,  F.L.S.,  F.G.S. 

***  Demy  4to.     Published  monthly,  in  Parts,  each  containing 

eight  plates.     Price  lO.s.  coloured. 

SOLD    ALSO    IN    MONOGRAPHS  : 


Achatiiia    .     1 
Achatinclla      0 
Aiiipliidcsiiia   0 
Area       .     . 
Artemis 
Biicciiium  . 
Bulimus 
Bullia    .     . 
Cardita .     . 
Cardium     . 
Cassidai'ia  . 
Cassis    . 
Chama  .     . 
Cliitou  .     . 
Chitouellits 
Couus    . 
Corbida 
Crassati'lla 
Cyjirsea 
Cypricardia 
Delpli  inula. 
Dolium .     . 


9 
8 
9 
1  1 
0  13 
0  18 
5  12 
0  5 
0 
1 
0 
0 
0 


Ebiunia  .     . 
I'asciolaiia  . 
Ficula    .     . 
Eissurclla   . 
Fusus     . 
Glaucouome 
Haliotis 
Harpa    . 
Hemipecteu 
Hinuites 
Isocardia    . 
Luciua   .     . 
Mactra. 
Maugclia    . 
Mesalia  -i 
Eglisia    >    ■ 
iM'^itra     .     . 
Mouoccros 
Murex   .     . 
Myadora     . 
Nassa     .     . 


0  11 

1  6 
0  10 


0     1     6 


10 
5 
5 
1 

17 


Oliva     .     . 
Oiiiscia  . 
I'aludouius 
I'artula 
Pccteu    . 
Pectuucnlus 
Phorus  . 
Pleurotoma 
Pterocera    . 
Purpura 
Pyrula  . 
Kauella  .     . 
Ricinula 
Rostellaria 
Strombus    . 
Strutliiolaria 
Turbiuella  . 
Triton   . 
Turbo    . 
TurritL'lla   . 
Voluta  .     . 


0  17 
0  11 
0  10 
0     8 


0  17 

0  14 

1  8 


The  genus  Helix  is  in  course  of  puhlication. 

SOLD    ALSO    IN    VOLUMES: 

Vol.  I.  CoNus  Phokus  Delphinula 

PlEUKOTOMA  PeCTUNCULUS  CYlMdCARDIA 

Gkassatella        Cardita  Haupa 

[122  Pldti-s,  price  71.  16.9.  6f/.  lialf-hovnd.^ 

Vol.  II.  CoRBiJLA  Glauconome         Mitra 

Arca  Myadora  Cardium 

Triton  Ranella  Isocardia 

[U4  Plates,  prict:  7/.  6s.  6rf.  half-boiuid.] 
Vol.  III.  Murex  Mangelia  Monockros 

CvPR.EA  Purpura  Bullia 

Haliotis  Ricinula  Buccinum 

[129  Phttes,  price  SI.  r,s.  6tl.  /iiilf-hoinifl.] 
Vol.  IV.  Ciiama  Ficula  Fusus 

Chiton  I'yrula  Paludomus 

ClIITONELLUS  TuRIilNELI,A  TURBO 

Fasciolaiua 
[no  Pltitrs,  price  't.  \s.  Cxi.  half-bound.] 


LOVELL  REEVE,  HENRIETTA  STREET.  11 


\'oi,.  V.  BuLiMUS  Cassis  Oniscia 

ACHATINA  TURKITELLA  CaSSIUAUIA 

DoLiuji  Mksalia  Ebukna 

Egiisia 

[147  PlulfS,  price  9/.  "s.  6rf.  half -bound. '\ 
Vol,.  VI.  VoLLTA  Akte.mis  Si KOMUUS 

\  FiSSUKELLA  LlClNA  I'lEHOCEKA 

<  PaRTULA  HE.MII'ECTtN  RoSTEEI.AUIA 

>  •  AcHATIiNELLA         OLIVA  StKUTIUOLAKIA 

>  [129  Plates,  price  81. 5v.  6d.  half-hound.] 

\  The  figures  are  drawn  aiul  lithogra])he(l  by  Mr.  G.  B.  Sowerby, 
J  Junr.,  of  the  natural  size,  t'roiu  specimens  chiefiy  in  the  collection  of 
\   Mr.  Cuming. 

5        "This  great  work  is  iuteuded  to  embrace  a  complete  description  and  illustra- 

\  tion  of  the  shells  of  moUuscous  animals,  and,  so  far  as  we  have  seen,  it  is  not 

\  such  as  to  disaj)point  tlie  large  expectations  that  have  heen  formed  respecting  it. 

{  The  figures  of  the  shells  are  all  of  fidl  size  ;  in  the  descriptions  a  carefnl  analysis 

>  is  given  of  the  labours  of  others;  and  the  author  has  apparently  spared  no  pains 
^  to  make  the  work  a  standard  authority  on  the  subject  of  which  it  treats." — 

>  Athenaum. 

CONCHOLOGIA  SYSTEMATICA  ;  or,  Complete  System  of  Con- 
chology,  illustrated  with  300  plates  of  upwards  of  1500 
figures  of  Shells.  By  Lovell  Ef.kve,  F.L.S.,  F.G.S.  2  vols. 
4to.     Price  10/.  coloured  ;  6/.  plain. 

"The  text  is  both  interesting  and  instructive;  many  of  the  plates  have  ap- 
peared before  in  Mr.  Sowerby's  works,  but  from  the  great  expense  of  collecting 
them,  and  the  miscellaneous  manner  of  their  publication,  many  persons  will  no 
doubt  gladly  avail  themselves  of  this  select  and  classified  portion,  which  also 
contains  many  original  ligift'es." — Atlieiuriim. 

ELE:\rENTS  OF  COXCHOLOGY  ;  or,  Introduction  to  the  Natural 
History  of  Shells  and  their  animals.  By  Lovell  Reeve,  F.L.S. 
Parts  I.  to  X.,  price  3s.  %d.  each. 

"The  work  before  us  is  designed  to  promote  a  more  philosojjhical  spirit  of 
inquiry  into  the  nature  and  origin   of  Shells." — Ecclesiastical  lieciew. 

{Under  the  Auihorilij  of  the  Lords  Commissioners  of  the  Admiralty ^ 

THE  FOSSIL  MAMMALS  COLLECTED  IN  NOUTH- 
WESTEIIN  AMERICA  DURING  THE  VOYAGE  OP 
H.M.S.  HERALD,  under  the  command  of  Captain  Henry 
Kellett,  R.N.,  C.B.,  while  in  search  of  Sir  John  Franklin.  By 
Sir  John  Richaudson,  C.B.,  F.R.S.  In  royal  4to.  Part  I. 
Fifteen  double  Plates.  Price  21«.  Part  II.  fen  Phitcs.  Price 
10«.  M.     Part  III.  Ten  Plates.     Price  IOa.  6(/. 


12  WORKS   PUBLISHED  BY 


CUllTIS'S  BRITISH  ENTOMOLOGY,  being  Illustrations  and  l 
Descriptions  of  the  Genera  of  Insects  found  in  Great  Britain  I 
and  Ii-eland,  comprising  coloured  figures,  from  nature,  of  tiie  '/ 
most  rare  and  beautiful  species,  and,  in  many  instances,  of  the  ; 
plants  upon  which  they  are  found.     By  John  Curtis,  I'.L.S.    ] 

The  '  British  Entomology  '  was  originally  brought  out  in  Monthly  i 

Numbers,  size  royal  8vo,  at  4s.  6r/.,   each  containing  four  coloured  ^ 

])latcs  with  text.     It  was  commenced  in   1834,  and  completed  in  ; 

1810,  in  193  Numbers,  forming  16  volumes,  price  £43  16s.  < 

The  work  is  now  offered  new,  and  in  the  best  condition  : —  ^ 

Price  to  Subscribers  for  complete  copies  in  sixteen  volumes,  £21.  i 

Price  of  tlie  new  issue,  and  of  odd  Numbers    .     .     Ss.  6d.  per  No.  ; 

I 
*^*  Vols.  I.  II.  III.  IV.  and  V.  of  the  New  Issue  are  now  ready   ^ 

for  delivery.  ^ 

INSECTA  BRITANNICA.  Diptera.  By  E.  Walker,  Esq.,  > 
F.L.S.  Vol.  I.  and  II.  Illustrated  with  plates.  Price  35«.  ^ 
plain.  i 

THE  AUTIFICIAL  PRODUCTION  OP  FISH.    By  Piscarius.   | 

Tkird  Edition.     Price  I*.  \ 

"The  object  of  this  little  book  is  to  make  knowu  the  means  by  wliich  fish  of  \ 

all  descriptions  may  be  multiplied  in  rivers  to  an  almost  incalculable  extent ^ 

This  principle  of  increase  Piscarius  has  carried  out  by  argument  and  experiment  s 

in  his  little  treatise,  which,  we  think,  is  worthy  the  attention  of  the  legislator,  > 

the  country  gentleman,  and  the  clergyman ;  for  it  shows  how  an  immense  addi-  -; 

tion  may  be  made  to  the  people's  food  with  scarcely  any  expense." — Era.  i 

s 

POPULAR  HISTORY  OF  BRITISH  ZOOPHYTES.      By  the  \ 

Rev.   Dr.   Lanbsborough.      With   Twenty   Plates.      Royal  \ 

\  16uio.     Price  lO*.  6^/.  coloured.  \ 

I  _  5 

\  "This  work  constitutes  one  of  the  popular  series  of  scientific  treatises  which,  5 

<  from  the  simplicity  of  their  style,  and  the  artistic  excellence  and  correctness  of  \ 

•:  their  numerous  illustrations,  has  acquired  a  celebrity  beyond  that  of  any  other  ,; 

.;  series  of  modern  cheap  works.     With  this  manual  of  Zoophytes,  and  that  u])on  \ 

:  Seaweeds  by  the  same  author,  the  student  can  ramble  along  the  sea-shores  and  \ 

•  glean  knowledge  from  every  heap  of  tangled  weed  that  lies  in  his  pathway."  | 

\  — Liverpool  Standard.  \ 

<^  "  Parents  who  sojourn  for  a  few  months  at  the  sca-sid(^  will  find  him  a  safe  ^ 

{  and  profitable  companion  for  their  children.     He  will  tell  them  not  only  to  nee,  ^ 

'■  but  to  tliink  ;  and  he  is  moreover  a  cheerful,  and  at  times  a  merry  teller  of  iiici-  i 

\  dents  belonging  to  his  subject." — Brifast  Mi'miry.  ^ 

\  "  We  can  cordially  recommend  this  beautiful  little  book  to  our  readers  as  one  ' 

';;  which  will  greatly  add  to  the  interest  of  a  temporary  or  jiermanent   residence  by  •'/ 


LOVELL   REEVE,   HENRIETTA   STREET.  13 


the  sea-side,  and  whicli  will  give  to  those  who  have  no  opportunity  of  studying 
the  creatures  themselves,  an  excellent  insight  into  the  extent  and  hcauty  of  this 
section  of  the  deep." — Weekly  Isews. 

VOYAGES  AND  TRAVELS. 

TRAVELS  ON  THE  AMAZON  AND  KIO  NEGRO.  By 
Alfred  R.  Wallace,  Esa.  With  Remarks  on  the  Vocabu- 
laries of  Amazonian  Languages,  by  R.  G.  Latham,  M.D., 
F.R.S.     With  Pktes  and  IMaps.     8vo,  18«. 

"  Mr.  AVallace  has  given  us  a  most  lively  and  interesting  description  of  the 

glories  of  the  maguificent  river.     Venezuela,  Columbia,  Ecuador,  Peru,  Bolivia, 

and  Brazil,  six  mighty  States,  sj)readiug  over  an  area  far  more  extensive  than 

Europe  herself,  contribute  their  aid  in  forming  the  Hood  up  which  he  toiled.    For 

;    twenty-eight  days  consecutively  he  breasted  the  streaTU  of  the  Amazon.   .  .  .   He 

!    enters,  with  all  the  zest  of  a  naturalist,  into  the  history  of  the  living  things  which 

■    fly,  run,  or  ciTcp  over  the  surface  of  the  country.     His  sketches  of  the  natives, 

\    their  appearance,  habits,  and  disposition,  are  quite  original,  and  therefore  instruc- 

;    five  and  interesting." — Britannia. 

\  "  Mr.  Wallace's  explorations  on  the  Amazon  and  Rio  Negro,  the  northern 
;  branch  of  that  mighty  river,  form  an  enchanting  work.  In  the  novelty  of  its 
>  scenery  and  manners,  in  the  truthful,  albeit  somewhat  literal,  picture  of  what  the 
\  traveller  saw  and  felt,  in  the  quiet  earnestness  by  which  obstacles  were  sur- 
c  mounted,  by  Talleyrand's  favourite  rule  of  waiting,  and  in  the  patience  with 
',  which  sickness,  sutlering,  aud  privation  were  submitted  to,  '  Travels  on  the 
\  Amazon  and  Uio  Negro  '  remind  us  of  the  simplicity  of  the  old  voyagers." — Spcc- 
'e    tator. 

'  WESTERN    TITMALAYA    AND    TIBET;    the   Narrative  of  a 

:  Journey  througli  tlic  iMountains  of  Northern  India,  during  tlie 

\  Years  1847-8.     By  Thomas  Thomson,  M.D.     With  Tinted 

\  Lithographs  and  a  new  Map  by  Petermann.      8vo,  15«. 

;  "  Few  more  valuable  volumes  of  travels  than  this  by  Dr.  Thomson  have  been 
?  for  a  long  time  past  jtublishcd.  Long  after  the  interest  which  its  novelty  will 
'i  create  shall  have  passed  away,  it  will  be  a  standard  book  of  reference  on  account 
\  of  the  valuable  facts  which  it  contains,  and  of  the  spirit  of  sound  observation  in 
\  which  it  is  written." — Atheno'mn. 
\        "The  work  is  one  of  durable  importance.     The  most  general  reader  will  not 

find  Dr.  Thomson's  journey  tedious We   have  in   this  volume  matter 

which  will  inform  every  num  who  reads  it  steadily,  and  follows  the  author's 
route  with  attention  to  the  Map." — Examiner. 

"  To  all  tliose  who  desire  to  judge  scientifically  of  what  is  possible  in  the  cul- 
tivation of  the  Indo-Alpine  Flora,  which  is  now  so  rapidly  enriching  our  gardens, 
works  of  this  description  have  great  interest." — Gardeners'  Chronicle. 

"  We  can  most  cordially  recommend  Dr.  Thomson's  work  to  all  those  who  wish 
to  obtain  a  clear  idea  of  this  magnificent  and  interesting  region,  to  wdiich  our 
late  conquest  in  the  Punjaub  has  brought  us  into  such  close  contiguity." — 
Guardian. 

"  This  is  a  valuable  contribution  to  our  knowledge  of  a  remote  and  lately  ex- 
plored tract  of  the  earth's  stirtacc." — Aflrertiser. 


CIRCUMNAVIGATION  OF  THE  GLOBE,  being  the  NARRA-  I 

TIVE  OF  THE  VOYAGE   OF  H.M.S.   HERALD,   under  I 

the  command  of  Captain  Henry  Kellelt,  R.N.,  C.B.,  during  ^ 

the  years   1845-1851.      By  Bekthold   Seemann,   Member  \ 

of  the  Imperial  Academy  Nat.  Curiosorum.     In  Two  Volumes,  i 

8vo,  with  Tinted  Lithographs  and  a  New  Map  by  Petermann.  { 

"  With   extensive    knowledge  in    geography    and    its    cognate    sciences,   Mr.  s 

Seemann  possesses  a  close  and  vivid  style,  which  expresses  his  ideas  not  only  i 

with  clearness  but  auiaiatiou." — Spectator.  I 

"  Mr.  Seemann  is  always  a  lively  and  agreeable  companion,  and  has  the  merit  i 

of  directing  the  attention  of  the  general  reader  to  applied  Natnral  History  rather  / 

than  to  questions  interesting  only  to  the  student  of  pure  science  ;  he  now  appears  ^ 

as  the  narrator  of  an  important  circumnavigation  of  the  globe." — Gardeners'  x 

Chrouicle.  ^ 

TRAVELS    IN   THE    INTERIOR    OF    BRAZIL;    principally 

through  the  Northern  Provinces  and  the  Gold  and  Diamond  \ 
Districts,  during  the  years  183G— 11.  By  the  late  George 
Gardner,  M.D.,  F.L.S.,  Superintendent  of  the  Royal  Botanic 
(iardens  of  Ceylon.  Second  (did  cheaper  EdUloii.  With  a  Map 
of  the  Author's  Route  ami  View  of  the  Organ  Mountains. 
Price  12s.  cloth;   18s.  bound. 

"When  camping  out  on  the  mountain-top  or  in  the  wilderness;  roughing  it  in  \ 

his  long  journeys  through  the  interior ;  observing  the  very  singular  mode  of  life  ^ 

there  presented  to  his  notice  ;  describing  the  curious  characters  that  fell  under  his  5 

observation,  the  arts  or  substitutes  for  arts  of  the  people,  and  the  natm-al  pro-  \ 

ductions  of  the  country — these  Travels  are  full  of  attraction.     The  book,  like  i 

the  country  it  describes,  is  full  of  new  matter." — Spectator.  < 

'•  This  volume  is  from  the  pen  of  an  able  naturalist,  whose  heart  is  in  his  occu-  \ 

pation Some  of  the  regions  he  visited  have   seldom  been  trodden  by  \ 

Europeans — never  by  Englishmen ;  so  that  his  observations  derive  value  from  i 

the  novelty  of  the  matter  to  which  they  relate." — Jthcnaium.  > 

MISCELLANEOUS.  | 

POPULAR  PHYSICAL  GEOLOGY.     Illustrated  on  a  new  and  \ 

striking  plan  by  twenty  double-tinted  Lithograph  Landscapes,  \ 

each  depicting  some  special   geological   phenomenon,   drawn  \ 

and  coloured  from  nature.     By  J.  Beete  Jukes,  Esq.,  M.A.,  < 
F.R.S.,  Local  Director  of  the  Geological  Survey  oi"  Ireland, 
and  President  of   the  Geological  Society  of  Dublin.     Royal 
16mo.      Price  10«.  dd. 

"  Mr.  J.  Beete  Jukes's  '  Popular  Physical  Geology  '  is  one  of  the  best  of  the 
popular  scientific  manuals  which  have  been  published  in  a  siiics  by  Messrs.  Reeve 
and  (Jo." — Uuardiun. 

"  Mr.  Beete  Jukes  is  well  known  as  a  Geologist,  and  he  has  given  the  jjublic  a 
work  at  once  popidar  and  original.     By  original,  wc  do  not  mean  to  intimate 


LOVELL   REEVE,    HENRIETTA   STREET.  15 


that  he  has  propounded  in  it  new  theories  or  oriprfnal  discoveries,  but  tliat  the 
book  is  a  writing  out  of  iiis  own  experience,  without  abridgment  or  re- writing 
of  other  books.  'I'he  result  is  admirable  for  persj)icuily,  for  charm  of  exposi-  \ 
tion,  and  for  solid  instnietion.  The  book  is  illustrated  with  twenty  tinted  litlio-  i 
graphs,  from  drawings  by  Mr.  Jukes  and  Mr.  Dunoyer,  who  is  himself  a  Geologist,  i 
and  they  are  of  rare  excellence  as  illustrations ;  altogether  it  is  an  introductiou  to  > 
the  study  of  Geology  to  be  most  emphatically  recommended." — Leader.  } 

"This  is  one  of  the  most  remarkable  works  on  Geology  which  have  yet  been    I 
published;  ^Nfr.  Jukes  has  struck  out  a  new  path  for  the  geological  student,  and    i 
has  done  more  to  remove  the  diHiculties  wliich  impeded  his  progress  than  any 
previous  author.     Rarely,  indeed,  have  we  perused  any  introductory  manual  with 
greater  pleasure;  every  word  we  have  read  has  couvoyed  the  impression  that 
;    Mr.  Jukes  is  an  original  observer,  thoroughly  conversant  with  his  subject,  and 
J    aware  of  the  difhcnltics  to  be  overcome.     His  language  is  gracefid,  simple,  and 
I    free  fiom  everything  like  scientific  pedantry." — Lirerjjool  Courier. 

I 

I  POPULAR   MINERALOGY;  a  Familiar  account  of  Minerals  and 

\  their  Uses.     By  Henry  Sowekhy.      With  Twenty  i)lates  of 

<  tiginx'S.     Royal  Kuno.     Price  lOs.  6d.  coloured. 

>  "  Mr.  Sowerby  has  endeavoured  to  throw  around  his  subject  every  attraction, 
s    His  work  is  fully  and  carefidly  illustrated  with  coloured  plates." — -Spectator. 

TALPA;    Of,  THE    CHRONICLES  OF  A  CLAY  FARM:  an 
\  Agricultural  Fragment.    By  Ciianbos  Wren  Hoskyns,  Esq. 

\  Third  and  cheaper  edll ion.      12nio.      Price  Ss.  6«^.     Of  the  ori- 

>  giual  edition,  at  Sv.,  illustrated  by  George  Crujk8H.\nk,  only 
\  a  few  coi)ies  remain. 

\  "  If  there  still  remains  a  real  living  unsatisfied  Protectionist,  we  in  all  liearti- 
\    ness  and  goodwill  recommend  to  him  the  amusing  and  instructive  'Chronicles' 

>  before  us." — S/icrljiinw  JoHniit/. 

\        "The  writer  handles  this  subject  in  such  a  masterly  manner — his  style  is  so 

^  piquant,  as  well  as  forcible,  so  scholarly,  yet  so  racy — his  wit  and  his  wisdom  are 

\  so  skilfully  blended — he  has  so  (deverly  worked  out  his  motto,  Rideiiteni  dlcere 

\  varioii,  by  telling  the  truth  laughingly — that  the  reader  finds  himself  irresistibly 

5  carried  along,  and  he  and  the  book  part  not  comjiany  until  he  has  made  liimself 

\  master  of  the  tale  that  he  has  to  unfold." — Leicrstershire  Mcrcurij. 
\         "This  is  a  rare  little  volume.      \Vc  don't  know  which  to  adnii;e  most,  the 

^  author's  linmour  or  his  wisdom.      He  has  set  himself  the  task  of  illustrating,  in 

!.  an  agreeable  manner,  the  evils  of  Custom,  Prejudice,  aud  Feudalism,  as  they 

>  exist  among  agriculturists.  It  will  create  much  laughter  among  the  merry,  and 
\  convey  many  a  lesson  to  the  tiller  of  the  soil." — Era. 

\        "  Cleverly  written  in  a  vein  of  pleasantry,  the  work  perscveringly  uproots  the 

s  prejudice  of  the  past,  and  demonstrates  that  scientific  knowledge  is  an  important 

$  element  in  successful  tillage." — Liurulu  ^terciinj. 
^         "The  vignettes  of   Mr.  Cruikshank  are  the  iiappiest   proofs  we  have  lately 

<  seen  that  the  genius  of  this  tine  artist's  earlier  day  is  still  fresh  and  unimpaired. 
\  The  farmers  should  be  very  grateful  to  have  such  a  nice  little  book  provided  fw 
i  .  thiir  especial  use,  entertainment,  and  protit." — Exatiuncr. 


I  16  WORKS  PUBLISHED  BY  LOVELL  REEVE. 

I   DEOPS  OF  WATER ;  their  marvellous  and  beautiful  Inhabitants 
/,  displayed  by  the  Microscope.     By  Agnes  Catlow.     Square 

^            12mo,  with  plates.     Price  7s.  C^d.  coloiu'cd.  I 

'/        "  '  Drops  of  Water '  is  an  introduction  to  one  of  Nature's  inexhaustible  sources  I 

'/    of  wonder  and  deligSt,  performed  in  a  very  efficient  and  satisfactory  manner.  .  .   .  ^ 

;    As  a  specimen  of  typography,  it  is  of  a  superior  character;  and  the  plates  are  in-  < 

^    dicative  of  no  small  degree  of  artistic  skill  as  well  as  science." — Observer.  i 

]        "  An  elegant  little  book,  both  in  the  getting  up  and  its  literature.  .  .  .  The  I 

\    text  is  accompanied  by  coloured  plates,  that  exhibit  the  most  remarkable  creatures  \ 

X    of  the  watery  world." — Spectator.  i 

^         "  Of  the  manner  in  which  this  work  is  executed,  we  can  say  that,  like  Miss  i 

J    Catlow's  previous  productions   on   Natural    History,    it   displays   an   accurate  '> 

':    acquaiutance  with  the  subject,  and  a  keen  delight  in  the  contemplation  of  the  ] 

>    objects  to  which  it  is  devoted.     As  far  as  the  living  beings  which  inhabit  '  Drops  ^ 

■    of  Water'  are  concerned,  we  know  of  no  better  introduction  to  tlie  use  of  the  ■', 

\    microscope  than  the  present  volume." — Jtheixvnm.  i 

ILLUSTRATIONS  of  the  WISDOM  and  BENEVOLENCE  of  \ 

the  DEITY,  as  manifested  in  Nature.  By  PL  Edwards,  LL.D.  \ 

\            16mo.     Price  S*.  6^/.  \ 

"  A  little  excursion  in  the  track  of  Paley  and  the  broad  road  of  the  Bridge-  ? 

water  Treatises.     Animals,  Atmosphere,  Oi-ganic  Matter,  Light,  and  Electricity  > 

are  the  natural  elements  out  of  which  the   author  deduces  his  pious  lessons,  l 

i    leading  to  a  First  Cause  in  wonder,  admiration,  and  worship." — Literary  Gazette.  \ 

\  THE     PLANETARY    AND     STELLAR    UNIVERSE.       By 
\  Robert  James  Mann.   With  tifty  astronomical  Diagrams  and 

{            Maps  of  the  Circumpolar  Constellations.     Fcap.     Price  5s.  \ 

\         "  A  brief  abstract  of  tlie  discoveries  of  Newton,  clearly  explained  and  elegantly 
i    illustrated." — IFestnihisier  and  Foreign  Quarterly  Review. 


NEW    WORKS  I 

Preparing  for  Fuhlication.  \ 

\   POPULAR  BRITISH  CONCHOLOGY,  comprising  all  the  British  \ 
Mollusks  and  Shells.     By  G.  B.  Sowerby,  .Tun.,  F.L.S.  \ 


I  POPULAR  HISTORY  OP  BRITISH  MOSSES,  comprising  aU 
{  the  British  Species.     By  R.  M.  Stark,  Esq. 

Printed  hr  .T.  K.  Taylor.  I,ittlr  Queen-street,  Lincoln's  Inn  Fields. 


\^' 


SMITHSONIAN  INSTITUTION  LIBRARIES 


3   9088   00722   5865 


m